Session 301 - KHAIRUL

Nuclear Security Culture and Self-Assessment:

Indonesia’s Experience

Senior Nuclear Security OfficerCenter for Security Culture and Assessment (CSCA),

National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

Khairul Khairul

Dialogue on Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia

Singapore, May 30 – June 1, 2016

Objectives for this Presentation / Discussion

• Present nuclear research reactors

• Describe promoting nuclear security culture and self-assessment

• Present CSCA activities and its future plan

• Conclusion

2Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional [www.batan.go.id]

• Location: Bandung• Operated on 1964, 250 kW• Upgraded to 2000 kW on 2000• Main Function: Isotope

research and production

Triga Mark II Reactor Kartini Reactor RSG G.A Siwabessy

• Location : Yogyakarta• Operated on 1979, 100 kW• Main Function ; Research and

Human Resource Training Facilities

• Location : Serpong, Tangerang• Operated on 1987, 30 MW• Main Function : Isotope research and

production and material research

Indonesian’s Nuclear Research Reactors

Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [www.batan.go.id] 3

§ Government Regulation No. 33 / 2007, onionizing radiation safety and security ofradioactive sources

• Government Regulation No. 54 / 2012 on theSafety and Security of Nuclear Installationso Includes requirement on safety and securityculture

§ BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No. 6 / 2015,on Security of Radioactive Source

§ BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No. 1 / 2010,on Emergency Preparedness and Response

§ BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No. 1 / 2009,on Physical Protection of Nuclear Materialsand Facilities

National Regulation on Nuclear Security


SAFETY & SECURITY CULTURE

• Considering the importance of nuclear safety, BATANintroduced and fostered nuclear safety culture based on theIAEA safety standards and guidanceo Starting from the years 1990so Based on IAEA INSAG-4, IAEA-TECDOC-860, IAEA-TECDOC-1329

• Later, considering the latest situation of global and nationalsecurity, BATAN showed its commitment to strengthen thesecurity of nuclear and radioactive materials, incl. promotingnuclear security cultureo Based on NSS 7, NST026 (draft)


§ Improving physical protection system§ Following regulatory requirements, IAEA and IPPAS Missionrecommendation

§ Human Resources Development:§ Organizing various in-house training, sending staff to someregional and international events

§ Joint training exercise on countering terrorism§ Conducted annually, Involving all stake holders: police, army, firebrigades, radiological first responder unit, theft and sabotagescenario

Improving the Security Performances


Milestones in Promoting of Nuclear Security Culture

IAEA published NSS 7

BATAN started promoting nuclear security culture (limited to security personnel)

National and IAEA Regional WS on Nuclear Security Culture, Yogyakarta

BATAN 1st security culture self-‐‑assessment pilot project

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Inauguration of BATAN Center for Security Culture and Assessment (CSCA)

Security culture self-‐‑assessment pilot project finished and presentation results at IAEA TM

2nd Security culture self-‐‑assessment with IAEA full scope methodology

Socialization of Security Culture regularly to all employees

Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional [www.batan.go.id] 7

Relationship Between Security Culture and Safety Culture

• Safety and security cultures coexist and need to reinforce eachother because they share the common objective of limiting risk tothe people, society, and the environment

• This shared objective is largely based on similar principles, e.g. aquestioning attitude, rigorous and prudent approaches, effectivecommunication, and professionalism- although their manifestationmay differ.

• For safety and its culture, the primary focus is on unintentional actsor conditions that could lead to accidents with responsesemphasizing engineering protection and safety management

• For security and its culture, the primary focus is on intentionalmisuse with malicious intent with responses emphasizing lawenforcement measures, intelligence gathering, and physicalprotection.

Source:CITS-UGA 8

Preparing the Questionnaire:Culture Indicators / Survey Statement

Goal: Effective Nuclear Security

Management Systems are well developed and prioritized security(a) Visible security policy(b) Clear roles and responsibilities(c) Performance measurement(d) Work environment(e) Training and qualification(f) Work management(g) Information security(h) Operation and maintenance(i) Continual determination of trustworthiness(j) Quality assurance(k) Change management(l) Feedback process(m) Contingency plans and drills(n) self-assessment (o) Interface with the regulator(p) Coordination with off-site organizations (q) Record keeping

Behaviour fosters more effective nuclear security

Leadership behavior (a) Expectations(b) Use of authority(c) Decision making(d) Management oversight(e) Involvement of staff(f) Effective communication(g) Improving performance(h) Motivation

Personnel behavior(a) Professional Conduct(b) Peresonal Accountability(c) Adherence to procedure(d) Teamwork and cooperation(e) Vigilance

Principles for Guiding Decisions and Behaviours(a) Motivation(b) Leadership(c) Commitment and responsibility(d) Professionalism and competence(e) Learning and improvement

Beliefes and Attitudes(a) Credible threat exists;;

(b) Nuclear security is important

9

Red color: 1st SA-‐ 29 indicators

Purple color: 2nd SA-‐ 30 indicators

IAEA Model of Security Culture

Self-assessment Methodology

step0

step1

Step2

step3step4

Step5

step6• Launch an outreach

Campaign and• Establish a Self

Assessment Team

• Draft a Self Assessment Plan and

• Prepare for its implementation

Start the Data Collection(survey, interview, doc review and observation)

• Data Analysis and• Consolidate

Assessment Results

• Develop the three-‐‑tired outcomes model

Discuss Results, Submit Final Report, and Develop Action Plan

• Top level policy and decision to conduct self-‐‑assessment

SurveyInterview

Document ReviewObservation


Sample of Histogram1st and 2nd Self- Assessment

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR :Give reward to top performance employee in security aspect

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

PERSONNEL BEHAVIOR :Personnel feel competent to handle

security situation

11

0 1 4 0

98106

59

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

STS TS KS RR S SS SSS

26. Security Responsibility

Note:STS: Fully DisagreeTS: DisagreeKS: Somewhat DisagreeRR: NeutralS: SetujuSS: Somewhat AgreeSSS: Fully Agree

3 823

2

145

80

16

0

50

100

150

200

STS TS KS RR S SS SSS

3. Fair Treatment

Cumulative

Respondent N

umber

Employee’s responses 11Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional [www.batan.go.id]

Self-assessment Conduct

• Period: 2015• Method: survey, interview, observation

and document assessment• Object: multi-purpose reactor, nuclear

fuel cycle technology center andcenter for radioactive waste

• Assessment Team: 32, more scientificbackground, incl. psychology

• Number of respondent: 277 surveyed,43 interviewed

• With survey statements validation,personalized questionnaire

• To enhance the capability of self-assessment and check progress

• Period: Oct 2012 – July 2013• Method: survey and

interview• Object: three research

reactors• Assessment Team: 41, limited

background members• Numbers of respondent: 624

surveyed, 128 interviewed• Without survey statement

validation• To test the IAEA

methodology and getting the knowledge

1st assessment 2nd assessment


1st Self-assessment Results

• Outcomes for BATAN:o Baseline for future nuclear security cultureevaluation and further improvement

o Raised security awareness amongworkforces

o build the human capacity in assessmentmethodology

• Some important finding examples:o Limited knowledge about nuclear securityand security culture

o Security culture concerns only with securitypeople

o Security personnel views weaknesses inawareness, reward system, communicationline


2nd Self-Assessment Steps and Approach

1. Survey 2. Interview3.

Document Review

4. Observation

Positive Responses

Negative Responses


• Referring to Phase 1 survey, o the statement is in first person sentenceo To ensure the clarity of the statements, a validation is done against 25 employees

• Survey questionnaire includes performance indicators drawn from IAEA guidance and need of organization

• Scoring scheme is a 7-point scale starting from Strongly Disagree (1) until Strongly Agree (7).

• Survey’s respondents encouraged to give comments when selects neutral/hesitates with the statements.

• Results are presented in histogram

Survey


• There are 13 questions, thatcame from the significantnegative results

• The interview method is semi-structured, with additionalprobing

• The interviewees arerandomly selected, 50% ofthem was being surveyed.

• Interview duration is 1 houreach by 2 interviewers (askedthe question and taking anote)

Interview


Document Review and Observation

Document Review•To validate positive results from survey•verify all document related to security activities

Observation•Done during emergency joint exercise•Team observed how employees pursue the exercise


2nd Self Assessment Result

• Outcomes:o Gaining experience conducting full scope of self-assessmentmethodology

o Obtaining the results of follow up action from 1st self-assessmento Getting the security performances

• Some examples of findings:o In general, it is found that knowledge of respondent about nuclearsecurity and security culture has well improved

o Some weaknesses found in 1st assessment have been improved• Communication line was improved• Rewards system is in place, however it should be implemented fairly

o Socialization on security culture is done, but need to be continued andtouches things more practicable

o Security performance target should be determined clearly

18Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [www.batan.go.id]

Collaboration with UGM*

• Capacity building• Short internship for student:

o 1st batch: 4 students, 1 montho 2nd batch: 3 students, 1 montho 3rd batch: 2 student 1 month

• Tasks:o Preparing draft of guide on nuclear security culture implementationo participating in 2nd self assessment


*INMM Student Chapter of Indonesia

CSCA

• CSCA: Center for Security Culture and Assessment

• First kind in the world• Inaugurated @ 29 September 2014• Mission:

o Promoting nuclear security culture and its self- assessment

o Conducting security culture self-assessment

o Developing security culture and assessment methodology

o Enhancing network, incl. CBRN security culture

• Supported by IAEA and CITS UGA and other partners


Conclusion

• BATAN has been promoting nuclear security culture and conductedself-assessment to evaluate the effectiveness of security in BATAN

• Results from security culture self-assessment are valuables andused by BATAN management to improve the security culture andsecurity system

• Conduct of self-assessment has improved the knowledge andcapability of personnel in security culture assessment

• BATAN views the importance of international collaboration andsustainable effort to promote security culture for achieving aneffective nuclear security regime


22

Thank you for your attention!

Documents

Session 301 - KHAIRUL