Session 4 1

Crisis and Risk Communications

Session 4 Slide Deck

Slide 4-

Session 4 2

Session Objectives• Discuss the Risk Communication Roles,

Motivations, and Accuracy of Various Stakeholder Groups

• Describe Assumed, Implied, and Assigned Responsibilities of Communication Stakeholders

Slide 4-

Government Risk Communication Role

• Examples

• Public Health Department

• Forest Service / Parks and Recreation

• Roads / Highways Department

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Other Stakeholders• Individuals• Groups• Organizations

– Private Sector

– Nongovernmental Sector

• Examples– Store

– Private Utility

– Parent-Teacher Association

– Restaurant

– Local mediaSession 4 4Slide 4-

Interpersonal Communication

• Examples– Parents– Friends and neighbors– Cultural, religious, or ethnic networks

Session 4 5Slide 4-

Motivators

• Mandate

• Assigned role or responsibility

• Concern

• Guilt

• Profit or greed

• Ideology

• Audience engagement

• Protection from Liability

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Accuracy

• Important because risk communication prescribes behavioral change from recipients

• Risk communication messages are not always correct

• Information may be difficult to assess based solely on the nature of the communicator

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Historic Risk Communication

• Stop, Drop, and Roll

• Duck and Cover

• Only You Can Prevent Forest Fires

• Organization like:– American Red Cross– Girl and Boy Scouts of America

Session 4 8Slide 4-

HSPD-8

• Established preparedness policy

• Called for the development of a National Preparedness Goal

• Stated that preparedness assistance would be provided to the states

• Standardized the approach to national preparedness for the first time

• Encouraged citizen preparedness

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Plans Prescribing Communication

• The National Response Framework

• The National Incident Management System

• The National Preparedness Guidelines

• State and Local Planning Guide 101

• Local Emergency Operations Plans

• Local Hazard Mitigation Plans

• Community Risk Communication StrategiesSession 4 10Slide 4-

GAO Report• FEMA had faced significant challenges

measuring the performance of ongoing citizen preparedness efforts

• FEMA relies on states to verify data for local Citizen Corps program units

• FEMA is unable to control the distribution of the Ready Campaign messages or measure whether the messages are changing the behavior of individuals

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PDD-8• Focus on preparedness whose responsibility is

shared by “all levels of government, the private and nonprofit sectors, and individual citizens”

• National Preparedness Goal• National Preparedness System

– To “help guide the domestic efforts of all levels of government, the private and nonprofit sectors, and the public to build and sustain the capabilities outlined in the national preparedness goal.”

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Stakeholders in Doctrine

• The Federal Government

• State and Tribal Governments

• Local Governments

• The Private Sector

• The Nongovernmental Sector

• The Public

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