2. Icon: Where the sound resembles in someshape or form what it
is representing. This is aform of Primary Signification.
Interesting toconsider sampling Index: Where the sound points
toward itsmeaning 3. The person orWhat theStimulus/Music people
whomeaning understandrefers to its meaningCan BeDesignative or
Embodied(Outside or Inside Music) 4. Mayer believes that once we
become emotionallyor intellectually aware of the implications of
amusical stimulus meaning arises. Regarding how listeners gain
interest in music,Mayer distinguishes three types of
deviation,arguing that the mind becomes aware of thepossibility of
alternative modes of continuation- 1) The probable event is delayed
2) Ambiguity 3)The Unexpected 5. 1. Hypothetical Meaning (What we
expect to occur) Greater freedom of choice, greater uncertainty,
greater information go hand in hand .2. Evident Meaning (What has
happened retrospectively) Very Common!These two factors are
interrelated by the former being re-evaluated in light of the
latter.This can be considered part of the hermeneutic circle. 6.
EvidentWhole MeaningPart HypotheticalMeaning 7. Revision: Phil Tagg
CommunicationModel Intendedadequatemessage
EmitterMusicReceiverresponse(channel) 8. AOIOCM Analysis
Interobjective ComparisonObject Material PMFA PMFAParamusical
Fields Paramusical Fieldsof Association of Association(relevant to
AO)(relevant to IOCM) 9. A musical synecdoche would therefore be a
set ofmusical structures inside a given musical style thatrefer to
another (different, foreign, alien) musical styleby citing one or
two elements supposed to be typical ofthat other style when heard
in the context of the styleinto which those foreign elements are
imported. Byciting part of the other style, the citation then
alludesnot only to that other style in its entirety but
alsopotentially refers to the complete genre of which thatother
musical style is a subset (Tagg Towards a SignTypology of Music )
Shakti Miles Davis 10. What examples can you think of in
popularmusic where there is a sign that indicates amusical event is
about to happen? Drum fills? Rallentaddo? Film Music examples: Jaws
11. Intrasubjective analysis: Personal account ofones own reactions
to music. Intersubjective analysis: An account that takesnumerous
accounts of a piece of music intoconsideration. Intraobjective
analysis: Personal account butattempts to be objective! 12.
Performance practices and techniques can give a songits unique
character. Can impact both live music making and recordedmusic.
Recording changes what may originally have beenconsidered an
improvised moment into something thatcan be analysed repeatedly.
How does the musician communicate their musicalpersona in a
recorded or live performance?- In a single take? Via overdubs? Are
they being themselves or someone else? etc 13. Many musicians
andproducers have a soundthat is associated withthem: Hendrix
guitar sound Phil Collins drum sound Duane Eddy guitar sound Phil
Spector production All of these are sometimesa combination
ofperformance style andrecorded sound. 14. What occurs in terms of
reception whenmusicians of different styles and traditionscombine?
For example: 15. RunDMC/Aerosmith Limp Bizkit 16. Intentional:
Meaning in the performance as theplayers have more freedom
Extensional: Meaning in the notation Pink Floyd Rehearsal 17.
Interesting to examine how the time andlocation of a recording
influences the sound. Many artists have used specific places
toinfluence a sound. For Example: Phil Spector Gold Star Studios in
Hollywood. Led Zeppelin (4th album) Headley Grange Buddy Holly:
Norman Pettys studio Elvis Presley: Sun Studios Joe Meek: 304
Holloway Road Rolling Stones: Muscle Shoals Studio 18. Sometimes
the peculiarities of a room may leadto a specific recording
technique and thereforesound. Buddy Holly: (Not Fade Away) Studio
toosmall for drums used cardboard boxes Note how The Rolling Stones
attempted toemulate this sound in the UK with theirversion of the
song. . 19. BUDDY HOLLY THE ROLLING STONES 20. Modern recordings
are often compiled in avariety of locations and times. 21. Jimi
Hendrix: CrashLanding The Beatles Anthology:John Lennon Nat King
Cole andNatalie Cole:Unforgettable Patsy Cline-Jim Reeves:I Fall to
Pieces (1982) Hank Williams Jr andSr: Theres a Tear inmy Beer 22. A
Certain Kind Of Freedom In todays digital age unity of time and
placeis no longer a prerequisite for studioperformance. 23. Les
Paul Stevie Wonder Mike Oldfield Many modern dancemusic over the
last20 years or so isdocumented by asingle performer. 24.
Techniques include: Compiling the best aspects of numerous takes,
asopposed to going with a single take. Punching in to redo specific
aspects of a performance Digital enhanced tuning and timing Using a
sub mix to (for example bass and drums) tobring about a specific
type of performance (In thiscase, it may be a particularly tight
relationshipbetween the instruments) Other sub mixes could focus on
the interactionbetween instruments. 25. Place examples of Episodic
Markers on blog: plus -one of the following Sonic/Tactile/Kinetic
Anaphones Genre Synecdoche Experiments with Time & Place
