SETTLING RED, WHITE, AND

BLACK IN THE SOUTH

Physiographic Regions and Settlement Patterns in the Early American South

POINTS TO CONSIDER: ECONOMIES

Agricultural Trade

ECOREGIONS

DIVISIONS IN VIRGINIA, JOHN LEDERER C. 1670

VIRGINIA

PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS: DESCRIPTIONS OF LANDSCAPE

BP OIL SPILL GULF COAST OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF

VIRGINIA COAST

CHANGING COASTLINES

THE FALL LINE

THE PIEDMONT

STONE MOUNTAIN, GEORGIA

THE MOUNTAINS

NORTHERN BLUE RIDGE

RIDGE AND VALLEY

SHENANDOAH VALLEY

APPALACHIAN AND CUMBERLAND PLATEAU

INTERIOR LOW PLATEAU-CHATTANOOGA, TN

INTERIOR HIGHLANDS

Ozark PlateauOuachita Province

VEGETATION REGIONS

MISSISSIPPI TRIBUTARIES

THE JAMES RIVER FALLS- VIRGINIA

GLIMPSING THE PAST? JOHN JAMES AUDUBON

COASTAL PLAINPINE BARRENS

COASTAL PLAIN SWAMPLANDS

HIGHLANDS AND THE CHESTNUT BLIGHT

RISE OF THE MISSISSIPPIANS

CHIEFDOMS

MAJOR SETTLEMENTS AT CONTACT

CONTROLLING THE LANDSCAPE: FIRE

REASONS FOR CONTROLLED BURNS Hunting

Crop Management

Improve growth and yields

Fireproof areas

Insect Collection

Pest Management

Warfare & Signaling

Economic Extortion

Clearing areas for travel

Felling Trees

Clearing Riparian areas

PONCE DE LEON March 28, 1513 arrives on Easter Day, Pascua Florida

NORTH AMERICA

Panfilo de Narvaez, one-eyed veteran of Mexico campaign, leaves for North America with 5 ships, 600 settlers and soldiers

FIRST SUSTAINED EUROPEAN CONTACT: THE SPANISH AND HERNANDO DE SOTO

HERNANDO DE SOTO

Left Havana with 9 ships and arrived in Tampa Bay on May 25, 1539 with 570 men and 243 horses

MANIC OPTIMISM AND CONQUEST

Fought Mabila and lost 102 men, likely was wounded during fray with Chief Tascalusa

Died on May 21, 1542 from a fever

Sustained settlement in Florida in 1565 @St. Augustine by Pedro Menendez de Aviles, killed French settlers @ Charlesfort

SETTLING THE SOUTH: THE EUROPEANS

ROANOKE• 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh • 1587, John White• 117 Settlers• White returns to England• War with Spain• 1590, no trace of colonists found

JAMESTOWN• 3 ships- 100 men• Soldiers of fortune• Powhatan paramountcy• 1609-10, the “starving time”• (1610-14) First Anglo-

Powhatan War • 1616, tobacco

THE VIRGINIA COMPANY

• King James I• Joint Stock • Gold• Wine• Citrus• Olive oil• Pitch, tar and Naval Stores• Northwest passage

POWHATAN CHIEFDOM

Lived along the rivers in the Coastal Plain of Virginia-

Relied on agriculture, and consolidated into a chiefdom BECAUSE of European Contact

John Rolfe experimented with various strains of tobacco until he was successful in creating North America’s first cash crop which led to the growth of a plantation oriented economy complex in the Southeast.

•1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.

•1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.

•1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.

•1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

INDENTURED SERVITUDE

Contracts lasted typically around 7 years.

Importation of servants provided large plots of land for the brokers

BACON’S REBELLION Nathaniel Bacon vs. Governor Sir William Berkeley

Also known as the Susquehannock War, it began as a trade war and escalated into a fight over representation in the Virginia Government

Key ideas: White Identity & Crown Authority

AFRICAN SLAVERY