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Science Focus 2Teaching Program Chapter 8

Machines

Prescribed focus area The applications and uses of science4.3a) identify and describe examples of scientific concepts and principles that have been used in technological development

(including Australian examples)

4.3b) discuss, using examples, the positive and negative impacts of applications of recent developments in science

4.3c) identify and describe examples where technological advances have had an impact on science

4.3d) give reasons why society should support scientific research

Domain outcomesKnowledge and understanding 4.1a) identify that technologies ma!e tas!s easier or more convenient

".1d) describe ways in which technology has increased the variety of made resources

Skills 4.13 clarifies the purpose of an investigation and, with guidance, produces a plan to investigate a problem

4.14 follows a se#uence of instructions to underta!e a first$hand investigation

4.1" uses given criteria to gather first$hand data

4.1% accesses information from identified secondary sources

4.1& evaluates the relevance of data and information

4.1' with guidance, presents information to an audience to achieve a particular outcome

4.1 draws conclusions based on the information available

4. uses an identified strategy to solve problems

4. underta!es a variety of team and individual tas!s with guidance

Values and attitudes 4." recognises the relevance and importance of lifelong learning and ac!nowledges the continued impact of science in

many aspects of everyday life4.% recognises the role of science in providing information about issues being considered and in increasing understanding of

the world around them

Copyright Pearson Australia 2010 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty td! "#$% &'8 1 2) 1)2' '

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Machines

Unit 8.1 Simple machine technologStudents learn about Students learn to Suggested teaching and learning

strategies

Science Focus 2

!esources

!egister

4.1 technology 4.1a) identify that technologies ma!e tas!s easier or more

convenient

4.13.1a) describe a problem, hypothesis or #uestion that can be

tested or researched

4.13.1b) propose possible sources of data and*or information

relevant to the investigation

4.13.1c) identify what type of information or data needs to be

collected

4.13.1d) +ustify why particular types of data or information areto be collected

4.13.1e) identify the appropriate units to be used in collecting

data

4.13.1f) recommend the use of an appropriate technology or

strategy for collecting data or gathering information

4.13.1g) formulate a means of recording the data to be

gathered or the information to be collected

4.13.b) specify the dependent and independent variables when

planning controlled experiments

4.13.3a) identify advantages and limitations of using particular

laboratory e#uipment for a specific tas!4.13.3c) describe ways to reduce the ris! to themselves and

others when wor!ing in the laboratory or field

4.14a) follow the planned procedure when performing an

investigation

"uick #ui$% hapter '(Science Focus

2 Second Edition LiveText, ScienceFocus 2 Second Edition Student

Lounge)

-uic! #ui

&aking tasks easier /ntroduce simple

machinery and what that includes(ramps, wedges, screws, levers, wheels,

gears and pulleys).

'ffort and load forces 0efine the

words effort and force.

(ork in science0efine the term wor!

and relate it to force. ecallunderstanding of forces from 2oo! 1.

0escribe wor! in words and as ane#uation. se the e#uation to illustrate

how force changes with distance.

The ramp)Tpes of ramps0escribe

how it reduces the force needed for a

fixed amount of wor!.

Drag and drop% he ramp(Science

Focus 2 Second Edition LiveText)

0rag and drop

omplete 5rac 16 amps

omplete 5rac 6 7egal and illegal

ramps

5rac 1

5rac

http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_rickard_sw1_1/dnd/ramp.htmlhttp://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_rickard_sw1_1/dnd/ramp.htmlhttp://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_rickard_sw1_1/dnd/ramp.htmlhttp://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_rickard_sw1_1/dnd/ramp.htmlhttp://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_rickard_sw1_1/dnd/ramp.htmlhttp://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_rickard_sw1_1/dnd/ramp.htmlhttp://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_rickard_sw1_1/dnd/ramp.html

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Machines

4.14d) record data using the appropriate units

4.14e) evaluate and modify experimental procedures

4.1"a) ma!e and record observations and measurements

accurately over a number of trials

4.1&a) collate information from a number of sources

4.1&b) distinguish between relevant and irrelevant

information

4.1&c) chec! reliability of gathered data and information by

comparing with observations or information from

other sources

4.1&d) organise data using a variety of methods including

graphs, diagrams, tables, spreadsheets and databases

4.1&f) identify trends, patterns, relationships and

contradictions in data and information

4.1d) ma!e generalisations in relation to a relevant set of

observations or experimental results

4.1f) use models, including mathematical ones, to explain

phenomena or ma!e predictions

4.d) evaluate the appropriateness of different strategies for

solving an identified problem

4..1a) independently plan and conduct investigations,

communicate information and understandings and

solve problems

4..a) identify the specific roles needed when wor!ing in a

team

4..c) negotiate and allocate individual roles to members of

the team

omplete 8or!sheet '.16 amps 8or!sheet '.1

&echanical ad*antage0efinemechanical advantage in words and in a

word e#uation. 5erform a number ofcalculations using different examples.

omplete nit '.1 #uestions nit #uestions


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Machines

Unit 8.+ ,e*ersStudents learn about Students learn to Suggested teaching and learning strategies Science Focus 2

!esources

!egister

4.1 technology 4.1a) identify that technologies ma!e tas!s

easier or more convenient

".1d) describe ways in which technology

has increased the variety of maderesources

4.14a) follow the planned procedure whenperforming an investigation

4.14b) use time and resources effectively

4.14c) safely and efficiently construct,assemble and manipulate identified

e#uipment

4.1"a) ma!e and record observations and

measurements accurately over a

number of trials

4.1'b) select and use an appropriate medium

to present data and information

4.1'd) use symbols to express relationships,

including mathematical ones, and

appropriate units for physical

#uantities

4.1'e) use drawings, diagrams, graphs,tables, databases, spreadsheets and

flow charts to show relationships and

present information clearly and*or

succinctly

(hat is a le*er- he definition and history of the

lever.

Video% 7evers in our lives (Science Focus 2 Second

Edition LiveText)

9ideo

orce multipliers% class 1 and class + le*ers0escribe

two classes of levers. 2rainstorm examples and uses.0efine the 5rinciple of 7evers using a word e#uation.

9erify the principle by experiments.

omplete 5rac 16 he seesaw

omplete 5rac 6 7ifting boo!s

5rac 1

5rac

Principle of le*erseffort by distance : load by

distance.

Speed multipliers% class / le*ers 0escribe class 3

levers and contrast with classes 1 and . ;ote that these

increase speed rather than effort. 2rainstorm examples

and uses.

Drag and drop% A class 3 lever (Science Focus 2

Second Edition LiveText, Science Focus 2 Second

Edition Student Lounge)

0rag and drop

omplete 8or!sheet '.6 7evers 8or!sheet '.

omplete 5rac 36 lass 3 7evers

omplete 5rac 46 7evers at wor!

omplete 5rac "6 2ody levers

5rac 3

5rac 4

5rac "


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Machines

4.1a) +ustify inferences in light of gathered

information

4..1a) independently plan and conductinvestigations, communicate

information and understandings and

solve problems

4..1b) set and wor! to realistic timelines and

goals

4..1c) accept responsibility for maintenance

of a safe wor!ing environment for

themselves and others

4..1d) evaluate the effectiveness of their

performance in completing the tas!

0nteracti*e%A class 3 lever (Science Focus 2 Second

Edition LiveText)

/nteractive

&echanical ad*antage in le*ersecall the term from

inclined planes. ;ote that there are two ways tocalculate it in levers.

omplete nit '. #uestions nit #uestions

(eb destination% Archimedes (Science Focus 2

Second Edition LiveText, Science Focus 2 SecondEdition Student Lounge)

8eb destination

(eb destination% 7evers (Science Focus 2 Second

Edition LiveText, Science Focus 2 Second Edition

Student Lounge)

8eb destination

Unit 8./ (heels a2les and gearsStudents learn about Students learn to Suggested teaching and learning strategies Science Focus 2

!esources

!egister



".1d) describe ways in which technology has

increased the variety of made resources

4.14a) follow the planned procedure when

performing an investigation

4.14b) use time and resources effectively

4.14c) safely and efficiently construct,

assemble and manipulate identifiede#uipment

4.14d) record data using the appropriate units

(heels0efine a wheel, and describe the main parts.

0escribe a wheel as both a force and speed magnifier

that also has the ability to change direction ofmotion. 0efine tor#ue as a measure of the turning

force being applied to and axle. 2rainstorm examplesand uses.

omplete 5rac 16 A simple wheel and axle

3hanging the motion0efine as a toothed wheel.

0istinguish between the driven and driving gear.

0efine the terms gearing up and gearing down.

0escribe different types of gears and give examples

of uses.

5rac 1


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Machines

4.14e) evaluate and modify experimental

procedures

4.1"a) ma!e and record observations andmeasurements accurately over a number

of trials

4.1&g) apply mathematical concepts and

computer based technologies to assist

analysis of data and information

4.1'd) use symbols to express relationships,

including mathematical ones, and

appropriate units for physical #uantities

4.1c) predict outcomes and generate plausible

explanations directly related to

observations made

4.1d) ma!e generalisations in relation to a

relevant set of observations or

experimental results

4.1g) use cause and effect relationships toexplain ideas

Drag and drop% 8heels, axles and gears (Science

Focus 2 Second Edition LiveText)

0rag and drop

0nteracti*e%

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Machines

Unit 8.4 PullesStudents learn about Students learn to Suggested teaching and learning strategies Science Focus 2

!esources

!egister



".1d) describe ways in which technology has

increased the variety of made resources

4.14a) follow the planned procedure when

performing an investigation

4.14e) evaluate and modify experimental

procedures

4.1"a) ma!e and record observations andmeasurements accurately over a number

of trials

4.1d) ma!e generalisations in relation to a

relevant set of observations or

experimental results

4..1a) independently plan and conduct

investigations, communicate information

and understandings and solve problems

Single pullesontrast with a wheel. 0escribe as a

grooved wheel that changes the direction of theeffort force. 5ulleys are force magnifiers.

omplete 5rac 16 ?ixed and moveable pulleys 5rac 1

&ultiple pulles2igger loads can be lifted with a

collection of pulleys.

(eb destination% he elements of machines

(Science Focus 2 Second Edition LiveText)

8eb destination

5ow do pulles reduce effort- =ultiple pulleys can

reduce the effort but as with inclined planes increasethe distance. ecall the definition of wor!.

omplete 8or!sheet '.46 5ulleys

omplete 5rac 6 5aperclip pulleys

omplete 5rac 36 sing pulleys

omplete 5rac 46 ope sections

8or!sheet '.4

5rac

5rac 3

5rac 4

omplete 5rac "6 onstructing a complex machine

(0@)

5rac "

omplete nit '.4 #uestions nit #uestions


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Machines

Science ocus 6 7boriginal technologStudents learn about Students learn to Suggested teaching and learning strategies Science Focus 2

!esources

!egister

4.3 the applicat ions

and uses ofscience

4.3a) identify and describe examples of scientific

concepts and principles that have been usedin technological development (including

Australian examples)

4.13.c) describes a logical procedure for underta!ing

a simple or controlled experiment

4.13.3b) select appropriate e#uipment (including

appropriate safety e#uipment) and*orresources to perform the tas!

4.13.3c) describe ways to reduce the ris! tothemselves and others when wor!ing in the

laboratory or field

4.1%a) use a range of sources including databases,

0 = and the internet, to assessinformation

4.1%b) use a variety of techni#ues, such as !eywords, s!imming and scanning to identify

appropriate information

/nvestigate the !nowledge of indigenous

Australian in developing technologies to assistin hunting for food. 7oo!s at the spear thrower,

throwing stic! and the science involved.

9arious student

activities includingresearch and

investigations

omplete 5rac %6 >pear thrower 5rac %

(eb destination% Aboriginal technology(Science Focus 2 Second Edition LiveText,

Science Focus 2 Second Edition Student

Lounge)

8eb destination

(eb destination% Australian indigenous toolsand technology (Science Focus 2 Second

Edition LiveText, Science Focus 2 SecondEdition Student Lounge)

8eb destination

(eb destination% 2oomerang (Science Focus 2

Second Edition LiveText, Science Focus 2

Second Edition Student Lounge)

8eb destination


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Machines

3hapter !e*iewSuggested teaching and learning strategies Science Focus 3 !esources !egister

omplete the chapter review #uestions at the end of the chapter

?urther revise with 8or!sheet '." =achines crossword

ompile a glossary of !ey words using 8or!sheet '.% >ci$words

3hapter re*iew #uestions (Science Focus 2 Second Edition LiveText, Science Focus 2 Second

Edition Student Lounge)

3hapter test (Science Focus 2 Second Edition LiveText)

hapter review

8or!sheet '."

8or!sheet '.%

hapter review #uestions

hapter test


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Machines

Program review and evaluation

Topic% Simple machine technolog&odifications re#uired in program

7dditional practicals and skill de*elopment

7ssessment for learning strategies

Proects undertaken

(eb sites


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