Files: 22 and 554

July 2020 1

SHALE INDEX: Issues 1−28 November 2000–June 2014 plus SILT and unpublished INDEX

Anthropology (see also First Nations) Beryl Cryer and collected stories ................... 6 (9−13) Beryl Cryer short stories .............................. 6 (14−16) Indian tales (short stories) ........................... 8 (27−28) Old dogs (note) ............................................ 3 (25−26) Pretty song (editorial) .......................................... 2 (3) Story of the Euclataws (short story) .......... 12 (30−32) Tabla of Toba Inlet .................................... 11 (22−36) The tilt of the horns of the new moon............... SILT 2

Archaeology (see also Petroglyphs) Archaeological dates .......................1, 5 (back covers) Context for Gabriola’s archaeology .......... 15 (36−43) Dendrochronology (note) .................................. 8 (34) Gulf Island archaeology (note) ...................... 1 (9−10) Radiocarbon dates

False Narrows: DgRw4 .......16 (29−42), 21 (43−52) False Narrows: DgRw251 ...................... 25 (13−15)

False Narrows Bluffs: DgRw199, DgRw204, DgRw210, DgRw213 ............16 (29−30), 21 (51−2) Mudge Island: DgRw25 ........................... 21 (43−4) Thetis Island: DgRw141 .......................... 21 (44−5)

Snunéymuxw village at False Narrows .......... 1 (3−11)

Astronomy and calendars The calendar man petroglyph at DgRw258 on Gabriola Island ............................................... SILT 13 Most unusual petroglyph (DgRw228) ....... 10 (25−32) Observing winter solstice at DgRw228 ..... 17 (41−44) Paleoastronomy at DgRw230 .................... 17 (45−48) Petroglyph studies at the cemetery ............ 17 (56−60) Petroglyphs and equinoxes ........................ 14 (10−14) Sand, firewood, and stars at night ................ 2 (34−35) Sidereal time (note) ........................................... 18 (8) Stars in stone, petroglyphs at DgRw230...... 18 (7−17) Tabla of Toba Inlet .................................... 11 (22−36) The tilt of the horns of the new moon.............. SILT 2

Cartography and placenames Alcalá Galiano's maps of Gabriola ............................................ 1 (12−21), 14 (9), 18 (25) Around the island in 1853 ........................... 1 (36−40) Charting problems (note) ................................... 14 (7)

Charts from the Malaspina expedition (note) .................. 25 (23−25)

Coast Salish placenames .............................. 2 (21−26) De Courcy placenames ........................... 1 (44), 2 (41) Egeria ........................................ 4 (25−27), 22 (38–48) Fish and babbling brooks ........................... 24 (46−47) Flat Top Island placenames ...................... 25 (26−30) Flat Top Islands 1920s ................................ 22 (cover) Fraser River (Snunéymuxw village) .................... 2 (4) Gabiola/Gaviola .................................... 8 (front cover) Gabriola coastal placenames ........ 25 (26−30), unpub. Gabriola’s name, origin of ................................ 13 (7−38), 21 (34−5), 26 (10−18) Gabriola placenames ............. 1 (43), 2 (39−41), 3 (27) 16 (25−26), 22 (front cover back), 25 (26−30), unpub. Gabriola road and street names ........................ unpub. Galiano's maps of Gabriola ............................................ 1 (12−21), 14 (9), 18 (25) Geological map of Gabriola............................... 1 (31) George Vancouver visits Gabriola ................. 14 (2−9) Harwood Island ......................................... 26 (10−18) Link Island placenames .......................... 1 (44), 2 (41) Malaspina’s lost gallery ............................... 10 (3−24) Malaspina galleries—name ......................... 8 (12−15) Mudge coastal placenames ....................... 25 (26−30) Mudge placenames ................................. 1 (44), 2 (41) Notes on the family of Simón de Gabiola (Gaviola) y Zabala ................................................ SILT 12, unpub. The original Gabriola in the Spanish Basque country ....................................................................... SILT 11 Pemberton map (in an editorial) ........................ 11 (5) Potential accuracy of the 18th-century method of determining longitude at sea .......................... SILT 16 Punta de Camino ...................... 13 (7−38), 26 (10−18) Punta de Gaviola ..... 13 (7−38), 21 (34−5), 26 (10−18) Punta de Romay ....................... 13 (7−38), 26 (10−18) Russian map of Gabriola—1849 ................... 3 (7−17) Savary Island ............................................. 26 (10−18) Seagull island? ................................................... 1 (42) Simón Gaviola’s family connections—18th-century placenames in the Strait of Georgia ........... 26 (10−18) Snake Island placenames ................................... 1 (44) Trail map, 707CP & Coats Marsh RP.............. unpub. Trail map, Government lands .......................... unpub. Vancouver visits Gabriola ............................. 14 (2−9) Wayfinding in the woods using shadows ........ unpub.. Wharves on Gabriola ...................................... 27 (2-4) Who named Saturna Island? ...................... 18 (18−30)

Index for SHALE 1–28 and SILT

2 July 2020

Charts (see Cartography and placenames)

Climatology (see also Meteorology and Environment) El Niño and La Niña (note) ............................... 8 (39) Gabriola’s changing climate ........................ 23 (7–18) Gabriola’s greenhouse gases (notes) ............................................................... 5 (35), 24(43) Gabriola’s trees-(paleo-climate notes) ......... 2 (27−33) Global warming- a changing climate .................. 5 (30−34), 23 (7–18)

Contributors (discontinued) List of .................................................................. 2 (4)

Corrections (also SHALE 12, pp.37−40) Dogs ............................................................. 8 (43−44) Gabriola’s trees-a brief history ................... 3 (2 or 37) Gabriola’s trees-(paleoclimate) ....... 3 (2−3, or 37−38) Erratum et corrigendum (editorial) ............. 3 (2 or 37) French note ................................................. 3 (3 or 38) Island sanctuaries ........................................ 3 (2 or 37) Matters arising (editorial) .................................... 2 (2) Sandstone articles ............................................ 21 (42)

Creeks, lakes, and wetlands Coats Marsh hydrogeology ............................... unpub. Coats Marsh field notes 2015 ........................... unpub. Coats Marsh field notes Jan.-Mar. 2016 ........... unpub. Coats Marsh field notes Apr.-Jun. 2016 ........... unpub. Coats Marsh field notes Jul.-Sep. 2016 ............ unpub. Coats Marsh field notes Oct.-Dec. 2016 ........... unpub. Coats Marsh field notes Jan.-Mar. 2017 ........... unpub. Coats Marsh field notes Apr.-Sep. 2017 ........... unpub. Coats Marsh field notes Oct.- Dec. 2017 .......... unpub. Coats Marsh field notes 2018 ........................... unpub. Coats Marsh field notes Jan.-Jun 2019 ............ unpub. Coats Marsh field notes Jul.-Dec 2019 ............ unpub. Coats Marsh field notes 2020 ........................... unpub. Coats Marsh evaporation and evapotranspiration observations and analysis ................................. unpub. Coats Marsh observations ................................. unpub. Coats Marsh observing ducks and geese .......... unpub. Coats Marsh species checklists ......................... unpub. Coats Marsh water balance observations and analysis .......................................................................... unpub. Fish and babbling brooks ........................... 24 (46−47) Gabriola Streamkeepers .................................... unpub. Mallett Creek and Winston Road ..................... unpub. Mallett Creek observations ............................... unpub.

Mallett Creek, Columbia Creek, and Winthuysen Creek, hydrogeology, flows, and catchment areas .......................................................................... unpub. Names of creeks, lakes, and wetlands on Gabriola .......................................................................... unpub. A simple method of measuring the volumetric flow of a stream ..................................................... SILT 14 Streamkeepers glossary..................................... unpub. Winthuysen Creek observations ....................... unpub.

Editorials Controversy ................................................... 23 (2–6) Curved reality .................................................. 4 (2−4) Diatoms, diatomite,

and diatomaceous earth (introduction) ...... 24 (2−4) Etymology (history, etc.) ..................................... 5 (2) Geology and history ......................................... 7 (2−3) Herring ................................................................. 6 (2) Malaspina gallery ................................................. 9 (2) Matters arising ..................................................... 2 (2) Petroglyph erosion ........................................... 8 (2−6) Politics and development ............................... 11 (3−6) Pretty song ........................................................... 2 (3) Snunéymuxw village on the Fraser ....................... 2 (4) Unprintable articles ............................................. 2 (2) What’s with the w? .............................................. 2 (2) Who owns the past? ............................................ 1 (2) Why SHALE? ...................................................... 1 (2) Youth .......................................................... 3 (2 or 37)

Environment (see also Climatology) A double-entry accounting system for greenhouse gas emissions .......................................................... unpub. Proposal for the calculation of emission factors for BC Canada in greenhouse gas audits ................ unpub.

Families (see Local History—families)

Ferries (see Local History—ferries)

First Nations (see also Petroglyphs, Archaeology) Aboriginal burials (note) .............................. 5 (43−45) Beryl Cryer and stories she collected ............. 6 (9−13) Beryl Cryer short stories .............................. 6 (14−16) Coast Salish placenames on Gabriola .......... 2 (21−26) Curved reality (editorial) ................................. 4 (2−4) Diseases in BC history (book reviews) ........ 2 (45−47) Ethnocynology (dogs) (book revew) ................. 8 (43) Haida myth (short story) .............................. 2 (42−44) Hul’qumi’num ............................................. 3 (20−22)

Index for SHALE 1–28 and SILT

July 2020 3

Indian tales (short stories) ........................... 8 (27−28) Indians and nature (book reviews) ............... 3 (30−31) Island sanctuaries—mixed-race marriages .... 2 (5−14) Languages (Hul’qumi’num) ........................ 3 (20−22) Last fight of the Cly-Altw ............................... 4 (5−8) Old dogs (note) ............................................ 3 (25−26) Old fence—Indian reserves on Gabriola ..... 5 (24−27) Phonetic alphabet ................................ 3 (back cover) Places of power ......................................... 26 (19−30) Pretty song (editorial) .......................................... 2 (3) Reflections with Ellen White (report).......... 3 (31−35) Rock art of Alberta (report) ............................... 4 (43) Snunéymuxw village at False Narrows .......... 1 (3−11) Snunéymuxw village on the Fraser River ............. 2 (4) Story of the Euclataws ............................... 12 (30−32) Tabla of Toba Inlet .................................... 11 (22−36) Treaties (book reviews) ............................... 3 (27−28) What’s with the w? (editorial) ............................. 2 (2)

Fossils (see Geology—paleontology)

Geology Alligatoring on the beach ................. see –weathering Bricks from shale ....................................... 15 (31−32) Brown stuff weathering .................... see –weathering Chemistry (bulk) ...... 7 (43−48), 9 (26, 33–35, 49–51), ............................................... 14 (15–17), 18 (32−35) Coal, search for (a mention) ...................... 15 (16−17) Concretion petroglyphs ..........10 (25−32), 18 (14−17) Concretions ................................ 9 (6−11), 10 (37−44) Curious (calcite) nodules ............................. 9 (41−52) Diatoms, diatomite, and diatomaceous earth (introduction) ......... 24 (2−4) Far from home (erratic boulder) (note) .............. 5 (21) Fractures ...................................................... 7 (26−31) Fractures in Gabriola Formation sandstone and their influence on groundwater ................................. unpub. Gabriola’s faults .....................20 (29−40), 22 (34−35) Gabriola’s fractures ..................20 (3−12), 20 (41−55) Gabriola’s structural geology ................................................20 (29−40), 22 (34−35) Gabriola’s submarine fan formations .......... 7 (15−24) Geochemistry ............................................... 7 (43−48) Geological map of Gabriola .............................. 1 (31) Geological time-scale ................. 4 (back cover), 7 (4) Geology of Coats Marsh area ........................... unpub. Geology of Gabriola Island’s diatomaceous earth ................................ 24 (31−36) Geology of Gabriola’s roads............................ 9 (3−5) Geology and history (editorial)........................ 7 (2−3)

Geometry of honeycombing ...... see –salt weathering GPS measurements of land movement ...... 20 (56−60) Holes in sandstone at great heights ................................................... see –salt weathering Honeycombing and sandstone erosion ................................................... see –salt weathering Honeycombing (notes) ............ see –salt weathering How Gabriola came to be .............................. 7 (5−14) K/T boundary on Gabriola? (note) .................... 7 (25) Malaspina gallery (editorial) ............. see –weathering Malaspina galleries ........ 7 (23), see –salt weathering Manganese ........................................ see –weathering Mineralogy ....... 9 (9−11, 33–35), 15 (32), 20 (26−27) Nodules ........................................................ 9 (41−52) Pleistocene geology ................................. see –ice age Pointy rocks ................................................. 7 (26−31) Runnels (flutes) ......................... see –salt weathering Salt weathering .......................... see –salt weathering Sandstone & shale—Gabriola’s origins ....... 1 (26−35) Sea-level changes ........................................ 5 (14−20) So what colour is basalt? ................................. SILT 3 Steinpilze−rock mushrooms ...... see –salt weathering Stress on Gabriola ..................................... 20 (13−28) Structural geology of the Strait of Georgia ....... 20 (2) Tafoni ........................................ see –salt weathering Thin sections ...................................... 9 (9−11, 49–51) Thoughts on Riedel fractures in shear zones ......................................................................... SILT 4 Trace elements ........................................... 18 (32−35) Travel broadens the mind (pre-Cambrian) ....... 22 (31) Ups and downs of Gabriola–sea level changes ...................................................................... 5 (14-20) Weathering ....................................... see –weathering What Gabriola is made of ............................ 7 (43−48) What makes holes in sandstone . see –salt weathering Windy New Mexico ................... see –salt weathering

−groundwater (hydrogeology) Coats Marsh hydrogeology ............................... unpub. Drought of 1930 (note) .................................... 25 (18) Fractures in Gabriola Formation sandstone and their influence on groundwater ................................. unpub. Hydrogeology of Gabriola groundwater ........... unpub. Geochemistry of Gabriola’s groundwater .... 7 (35−42) Global warming and groundwater ............... 23 (7–18) Groundwater budgets ................................. 14 (18−32) Groundwater notes ..................................... 11 (37−44) Mallett Creek, Columbia Creek, and Winthuysen Creek, hydrogeology, flows, and catchment areas .......................................................................... unpub. Manganese in drinking water ..................... 14 (15−17)

Index for SHALE 1–28 and SILT

4 July 2020

More groundwater notes ............................ 18 (38−56) −ice age Far from home (erratic boulder) (note) .............. 5 (21) Gabriola’s glacial drift—a woolly mammoth bone .................................................................... SILT 8-11 Gabriola’s glacial drift—an ice cap? .......... SILT 8-10 Gabriola’s glacial drift—counting stones on the beach ............................................................. SILT 8-8 Gabriola’s glacial drift—described ............... SILT 8-6 Gabriola’s glacial drift—Gabriola’s sand deposits .................................................................... SILT 8-14 Gabriola’s glacial drift—glossary ............... SILT 8-12 Gabriola’s glacial drift—glaciation from Vancouver Island? ............................................. SILT 8-5, unpub. Gabriola’s glacial drift—ice age fossil sites on Gabriola ...................................................... SILT 8-13 Gabriola’s glacial drift—innocent earthquakes ........... SILT 8-4 Gabriola’s glacial drift—introduction .......... SILT 8-1 Gabriola’s glacial drift—scratches and moutonnées ...................................................................... SILT 8-3 Gabriola’s glacial drift—soils ....................... SILT 8-7 Gabriola’s glacial drift—striae and grooves . SILT 8-2 Gabriola’s glacial drift—what is it and where’s it from? ............................................................ SILT 8-9 Geology of Coats Marsh area ........................... unpub. Ups and downs of Gabriola–sea level changes ...................................................................... 5 (14-20)

−paleontology (fossils) Ammonites .... 6 (22−23), 12 (35−36), 22 (37), 24(60) Brachiopods (S-type nodules) ...... 9 (41−52), 26 (2−9) Brachyopoda of Gabriola Island .................... 26 (2−9) Fossil log on Whalebone Beach ........................ 3 (25) Gabriola’s glacial drift—ice age fossil sites on Gabriola ...................................................... SILT 8-13 Heteromorph ammonite .................................... 24(60) Herring (editorial) ................................................ 6 (2) Ice-age bivalves ........................................... 5 (14−20) Inoceramus vancouverensis−big clams ......... 4 (9−15) Late-Cretaceous fossils from Gabriola Island ....................................................................... SILT 21 Nodules ........................................................ 9 (41−52) Where the dinosaurs went? ...................... 7 (25), 21(2) Woolly mammoth bone ................. 28 (50), SILT 8-11

−salt weathering (honeycombing, tafoni) Chemistry of salt weathering ...................... 23(34–56) Colonial corallites and honeycomb holes in sandstone ................................................................... SHALE 15 Geometry of honeycombing ...................... 26 (31−60)

Holes in sandstone at great heights ............ 22 (32–33) Honeycombing and sandstone erosion ............................... 9 (12−40), 23(34–56), 26 (31−60) Honeycombing (notes) ........ 2 (38), 7 (24),7 (32−34), ........................................ 9 (3−5), 22 (32–33), 22 (33) Honeycombing of a gravestone Tilton-on-the-Hill, UK .................................................................... unpub. Honeycombing on Mars.................................... unpub. Malaspina galleries ............................. 9 (2), 9(37), 9 (53−56), 26 (31−33) Memorial wall (salt attack) .............................. 16 (48) Runnels (flutes) .......................................... 10 (37−44) Salt weathering ............................................................ ................. 9 (12−40), 16 (48), 23(34–56), 26 (31−60) Steinpilze−rock mushrooms ........................ 7 (32−34) Tafoni.......................................... 2 (38), 7 (24), 9 (40) Wave Rock, Australia, and the Galiano (Malaspina) Gallery on Gabriola ......................................... SILT 5 What makes holes in sandstone ................... 9 (12−40) Windy New Mexico (honeycombing) ............. 22 (33)

−weathering (see also –salt weathering) Alligatoring on the beach ......... 12 (7−29), 16 (43−47) Brown stuff weathering and manganese .... 14 (15−17) Malaspina gallery (editorial) ................................ 9 (2) Manganese ................................................. 14 (15−17) Non-marine weathering of sandstone and mudrock .............................................. 25 (31−48) Polygonalling ............................................. 16 (43−47) Spalling of sandstone DgRw198 ................ 17 (51−53) Spheroidal weathering (note) ............................. 9 (48) Spheroidal weathering .............................. 13 (39−44) Weathering of sandstone and mudrock ...... 25 (31−48)

Health (mainly electromagnetic radiation) Electromagnetic radiation and health ......... 23 (19–33) Various.............................................................. unpub.

History (see also Local History) Annance (editorial) ..................................... 3 (3 or 38) BC and Vancouver Island (book reviews) ... 6 (32−39) Captain James Cook, Resolution Cove ........................ ........................................................ SILT 10, SILT 19 Captain Vancouver’s strange reporting of Peter Puget’s longitude determinations ..................... SILT 9 Earliest days of Oceanography in BC, Resolution Cove, April 1778 ........................................... SILT 19 Explorers’ ages (in an editorial) .................. 3 (2 or 37) Flea Village—A second look at Cardero’s drawing ..................................................... SILT 17-10 Flea Village—Archaeological reports ........ SILT 17-5

Index for SHALE 1–28 and SILT

July 2020 5

Flea Village—Field trip #1, September 2003 .............. .................................................................... SILT 17-7 Flea Village—Field trip #2, September 2005 .............. .................................................................... SILT 17-8 Flea Village—Field trip #3, September 2007 .............. .................................................................... SILT 17-9 Flea Village—Historical accounts .............. SILT 17-4 Flea Village—Initial remarks on Cardero’s drawing ....................................................... SILT 17-6 Flea Village—Introduction ......................... SILT 17-1 Flea Village—Spanish expedition accounts .................................................................... SILT 17-3 Flea Village—Vancouver expedition accounts .................................................................... SILT 17-2 Kayaking to Resolution Cove ......................... SILT 10 Potential accuracy of the 18th-century method of determining longitude at sea ........................... SILT 16 Pre-emption policies ...................... 24 (49−51, 51–53) Settlement or theft? Curved reality ................. 4 (2−4) Simon Fraser’s longitudes, Chief’s Village .... SILT 18 Website review .................................................. 1 (47) Women’s Institute ..................................... 28 (37−48)

Letters to the editor (discontinued) Go for it ............................................................... 1 (2)

Local history (see also Spanish explorations) Affordable housing (history) ............................ unpub. Ambulance service, Gabriola’s .................... 21 (3−31) Around the island in 1853 ........................... 1 (36−40) Atrevida Wharf (Descanso Bay) ................ 27 (51–53) Augusts on Gabriola (note) ....................... 25 (18−19) Beautiful Gabriola in 1961 (note) .............. 25 (20−23) Boat building in Silva Bay ........................ 22 (31–32) Brickyard ..................................................... 15 (3−35) Brickyard notes .......................................... 18 (31−32) Brother XII for kids (book review) .............. 4 (42−43) Chinese on Gabriola ...............18 (31−32), 24 (11−30) Clark Bay Wharf ....................................... 27 (37–38) Coal-mining connections, Gabriola’s ........ 16 (23−24) Coats Wharf ............................................... 27 (16–17) Community Hall 1913–79 ......................... 22 (25−29) Degnen Bay wharves ................................. 27 (24–27) Descano Bay wharves................................ 27 (46–56) Diatomaceous earth mine on Gabriola ...... 24 (11−30) Dimension-stone quarry, Gabriola’s .......... 19 (10−24) Egeria ....................................... 4 (25−27), 22 (38–48) Electricity .................................................. 16 (24−25) Emergency Wharf (Descano Bay) ............. 27 (54–56) Families of local settlers on Gabriola ............... unpub. Farmers Landing (Descano Bay) ............... 27 (46–48)

Farming equipment (old) ............................. 25 (9−12) Ferry Terminal (Descano Bay) .................. 27 (53–54) French-Canadians (note) .............................. 2 (36−37) Frozen harbours ........................................... 8 (35−39) Gabriola childhood (short story) ...................... 25 (16) Gabriola’s demographics in 1901 .............. 24 (45−46) Gabriola’s heritage farm machinery ............ 25 (9−12) Gabriola School District 1872–9 ................. 28 (2−36) Green Wharf ................................................ 27 (5–16) Island sanctuaries—mixed-race marriages .... 2 (5−14) Jancowski’s wharves ................................. 27 (39–43) Japanese-Canadians in Silva Bay .................. 25 (3−8) Land pre-emption on Gabriola ................... 24 (49−51) Log church at Silva Bay ............................ 28 (54−56) Malaspina’s lost gallery ............................... 10 (3−24) Malcolm Lowry on Gabriola ...... 18 (3−6), 22 (36–37) Maples Wharf ............................................ 27 (18–24) McIndoo’s wharves ................................... 27 (44–45) Millstone quarry (a mention) ............................. 9 (24) Millstone quarry, Gabriola’s ...................... 19 (25−41) Mirages ........................................................ 21 (32−3) More wharves in Silva Bay........................ 28 (51–53) Net shed at Page’s........................................ 2 (35−36) Newcastle Island’s turbulent past ...4 (19−22), 21 (42) North end community hall 1967–9 .................... unpub Orcas at Page’s .......................................... 12 (26−29) Page’s marina—sixty years ago ................... 6 (17−21) Peterson Bay Wharf? ....................................... 27 (38) Researching pioneer family history ................. 3 (4−6) Sad tale of Jancowski’s horse (short story) ....... 1 (41) Sandstone quarries, origins of ... 19 (3–10), 21 (36−42) Settlers (editorial) ............................................ 4 (2−4) Settlers and their sheep ...................................... 1 (48) Shopping in Nanaimo in 1857 ................... 12 (33−34) Silva Bay wharves .................. 27 (28–36), 28 (51–53) South Gabriola Community Hall ............... 22 (25−29) Surf Lodge ................................................... 8 (40−42) Vancouver (captain) visits Gabriola .............. 14 (2−9) Weldwood (Flying Shingle articles) .................. unpub Weldwood (Gabriola Times articles) ................. unpub Whale of a story (short story) .................... 25 (16−17) Withey’s shipyard in Silva Bay ................... 22 (3−24) Women’s Institute...................................... 28 (37−48)

−families Brady, James (list) ............................................. 1 (25) Brook, Charles (a mention).......................... 28 (2–36) Broussard/Brown (a mention) .......................... 25 (10) Burrell, Robert ................................................... 1 (25) Campbell family (a mention) ....................... 25 (9–10) Canessa, John ........................ 19 (42−46), 21 (36−42) Caulfield, John (list) .......................................... 1 (25)

Index for SHALE 1–28 and SILT

6 July 2020

Chapple, Richard ......................................................... ....................................... 3 (18−19), 28 (2–36), 25(20) Chow family of Duncan ............................ 24 (11−30) Coats, Bill .....................................19 (51−52), 27 (17) Cox family (a mention) .................................... 19 (49) Crocker (mentions) .............................. 28 (51, 54–55) Cross ................................................................. 25(20) Degnen, Thomas .......................................... 28 (2–36) Dick, John & Archibald (list) ............................ 1 (25) Dombrain, Robert (notes) ...................... 2 (36), 5 (42−43), 6 (23−24), 8 (29−33) Early settlers (list of names) .............................. 1 (25) Easson, Alexander (list) ..................................... 1 (25) Easthom family ..............................19 (50−51), 25(20) Finnamore (photos).............................. 15 (9), 28 (55) Edgar, Magnus ................................. 28 (2–36), 25(20) Fletcher (list) ..................................................... 1 (25) Flewett, William, family on DeCourcy ....................... ................................................................... 24 (37−39) Foster, Josiah (list) ................................. 1 (25), 25(20) Gabriolans and the sandstone quarries ....... 19 (42−52) Gimmelle, John ................................................. 25(20) Goss, Henry (list) ............................................... 1 (25) Gray, Robert .................................... 28 (2–36), 25(20) Gregory, Orlanzo ......................................... 28 (2–36) Hall, Robert (list) ............................................... 1 (25) Halverson (store owners) ........................... 28 (51−53) Heath, Henry ................................................ 28 (2–36) Hoggan family .......... 16 (23–24), 19 (46−49), 25(20), ............................................. 27(16–17, 46), 28 (2–36) Hunter, William (list) ........................................ 1 (25) Island old timers (note) ..................................... 25(20) Jamieson, Thomas and James? (list) ...... 1 (25), 25(20) Jancowski ........................................ 1(41), 27 (39–43) Jefferies, William (list) ..................................... 1 (25) Jenkins (a mention) ............................................ 25 (9) Jones, Thomas (list) ........................................... 1 (25) Kemp, John .................................................. 28 (2–36) Koyama.......................................................... 25 (6–7) LeBoeuf, Theodore ..........................1 (22−25), 25(20) Lewis (list) ......................................................... 1 (25) Manly / Manley, Michael .............19 (49−50), 25(20) Martin, Jonathan .......................................................... .................. 5 (22−23), 16 (23–24), 28 (2–36), 25(20) McDougal ......................................................... 25(20) McFarlane, Alexander (list) ............................... 1 (25) McGuffie, Thomas, family ........................ 16 (23–24) ........................ 15 (16–17), 25 (25), 28 (2–36), 25(20) McLay, James .................................. 28 (2–36), 25(20) Morgan family ........................ 15 (17–18), 18 (31–32) Mounce (list) ..................................................... 1 (25) Norris, Richard (list) .......................................... 1 (25) Ogarr? ............................................................... 25(20) Pemberthy / Penberthy, John White 28 (2–36), 25(20)

Peterson, Harry ................................................. 25(20) Provier, John (list) ............................................. 1 (25) Roberts, David, family on Mudge.................. 8 (7−11) Roe, Marcus (list) .............................................. 1 (25) Rollo, James ...................................................... 25(20) Rowan family............................... 24 (11−30), 25 (12) Sabbason ........................................................... 25(20) Sears family ............................................... 25 (10–12) Seneker, John ............................................... 28 (2–36) Shaw (William Nairn) family .................... 15 (18−19) Shinde ............................................................ 25 (5–6) Silva family ................ 22 (31–32), 27 (28–29), 25(20) Tanaka? .......................................................... 25 (4, 6) Wake and his family .................... 5 (3−13), 28 (2–36) Withey family .............................................. 22 (3−24)

−ferries Bruhn moments (short story) ....................... 4 (23−24) Day the ferry went duck hunting (short story) ... 1 (40) SS Esperanza (note) ......................................... 8 (8−9) Ferry memories ................................................ 24 (49) Gabriola ferry Eena, 1955−64 ..................... 2 (15−20) Gabriola’s wharves ...................................... 27 (2–56)

−schools Four schools of Gabriola......... 11 (7−21), 22 (26 fn.2) Gabriola School District 1872–9 ................. 28 (2–36) database for this article .................................. unpub. Lost Nanaimo−taking back our past ............ 8 (16−26) Memories of a one-room schoolhouse ......... 5 (28−29)

Malaspina galleries (see also –salt weathering) Malaspina gallery (editorial) ................................ 9 (2) Malaspina gallery (swimsuit photo) ................. 25 (21) Malaspina galleries (geology) ...................................... ...................................... 7 (23), 9 (53−56), 26 (31−33) Malaspina galleries—what’s in a name? ..... 8 (12−15) Malaspina’s lost gallery (history) ................ 10 (3−24) Unidentified visitors .......................................... 4 (28) Wave Rock, Australia, and the Galiano (Malaspina) Gallery on Gabriola ......................................... SILT 5 Writing about the Malaspina Galleries ............. unpub.

Index for SHALE 1–28 and SILT

July 2020 7

Maps (see Cartography and placenames)

Mathematics (see Miscellany and Mathematics) Maybe you can answer this Coriolis force ............................................... 5 (36–40) De Courcy placenames ........................... 1 (44), 2 (41) F.O.E. 11.1621 ......................... 4 (25−27), 22 (38–48) Gabriola placenames ............ 1 (43), 2 (39−41), 3 (27) Link Island placenames .......................... 1 (44), 2 (41) Missing trees...................................................... 2 (41) Mudge placenames ................................. 1 (44), 2 (41) Snake Island placenames ................................... 1 (44) Unidentified visitors .......................................... 4 (28)

Meteorology (see also Oceanography) Coriolis variations ............................................ unpub. Drought of 1930 (note) .................................... 25 (18) Earliest days of Oceanography in BC, Resolution Cove, April 1778 ............................................ SILT 19 Frozen harbours ........................................... 8 (35−38) Mirages ........................................................ 21 (32−3) Rainfall on Gabriola ............................. unpub, unpub. Why weather systems rotate (note).............. 5 (39−40)

Miscellany and Mathematics Alligatoring on the beach ............................ 12 (7−29) Art of voting scientifically ........................... 4 (29−39) Coriolis variations ............................................ unpub. Divvying up a pie or pizza ................................ unpub. Earth’s rotation and LST ................................... 18 (8) Fractals ............................................................ 12 (22) Coriolis force ............................................... 5 (36–40) Gabriola and Manhattan—two islands ............ 6 (3−8) pH scale ........................................................... 10 (44) Polygonalling............................................. 16 (43−47) Wayfinding in the woods using shadows ........ unpub.. Why mirrors reverse left-right but not up-down? . ..................................................... 18 (36−37), SILT 1 Why does water drain counter-clockwise?. . 5 (36–40)

Museum page Archives ............................................................ 5 (48) An award ......................................................... 15 (44) Current displays ...................................... 1 (48), 2 (48) Doing more ...................................................... 15 (44) Finances ........................................................... 15 (44) Memorial wall (salt attack) ........ see –salt weathering Native plant garden............................................ 3 (36) Our building ...................................................... 4 (44)

Putting on a show .............................................. 6 (40) Settlers and their sheep ...................................... 1 (48)

Natural history (see also Creeks, lakes, and wetlands) Barnacles (a mention) ........................................ 9 (25) Cougars (short story in a note) ................... 25 (20–22) Diatoms on Gabriola .................................... 24 (5–10) Dendrochronology (note)................................... 8 (34) Dogs (book revew) ............................................ 8 (43) Ecological theatre, managing the forests ..... 16 (3−21) Fairy shrimps on Gabriola ................................ unpub. Fauna of Coats Marsh area ............................... unpub. Fish and babbling brooks ........................... 24 (46−47) Flora of Coats Marsh area................................. unpub. Gabriola’s trees—a brief history.................. 2 (27−33) Garry oaks (a mention) .................................... 12 (13) Herring (editorial) ................................................ 6 (2) Introduced pumpkinseeds and introducing sticklebacks ....................................................... unpub. Killer whales .................................................. 12 (3−6) Lichen (a mention)..........................9 (15−16), 11 (42) Lichen growth on petroglyph DgRw198 ... 17 (53−55) Missing trees ...................................................... 2 (41) Mussel invasion at False Narrows ............. 24 (47−48) Native plant garden (museum page) .................. 3 (36) Orcas at Page’s .............................................. 12 (3−6) Panthers (short story in a note) ........................ 25 (22) Periwinkles (a mention) .......................... 9 (8), 12 (13) Piddocks ( mentions) .......................... 9 (25), 9(fn.54) Piddocks ........................................ 24 (37–39, 40–42) Scotch broom—the golden gangster ............ 4 (17−18) Sticklebacks on Gabriola .................................. unpub. Ticks ................................................................ 24 (44) Varnish clams ............................................ 24 (48−49) Whale of a story (short story) .................... 25 (16−17) Wild gardens of Ruxton Island .......................... 5 (41) Wolves (in an editorial) ..................................... 11 (4) Woolly mammoth bone ................. 28 (50), SILT 8-11

Newspaper contributions Various ............................................................. unpub.

Notes Aboriginal burials on Gabriola .................... 5 (43−45) Ammonite for SHALE ................................. 6 (22−23) Augusts on Gabriola .................................. 25 (18−19) Beautiful Gabriola in 1961 ........................ 25 (20−23) Brickyard notes .......................................... 18 (31−32) Bigger, better ammonite for SHALE .......... 12 (35−36) Boat building at Silva Bay ......................... 22 (31−32) Charts from the Malaspina expedition ....... 25 (23−25)

Index for SHALE 1–28 and SILT

8 July 2020

Come & gone (Dombrain) ................................. 2 (36) Come & gone again (Dombrain) ................. 5 (42−43) Come & gone again-for good? (Dombrain) 6 (23−24) Come & gone yet again (Dombrain)........... 8 (29−33) Crop circles and petroglyphs ..................... 24 (57–59) Dendrochronology ............................................. 8 (34) Depicting asterisms and why does a mirror reverse left-right but not up-down?. ....................... 18 (36−37) Dogs ........................................... 3 (25−26), 8 (43−44) Drought of 1930 .............................................. 25 (18) Events to both remember and to forget

Japan & Canada 1942–9 (box note)........... 25 (8) Electricity, its arrival ................................. 16 (24−25) Ferry memories ................................................ 24 (49) Fish and babbling brooks ........................... 24 (46−47) French note .................................................. 2 (36−37) Gabriola after the lights went on................ 16 (24−25) Gabrola’s caveman .......................................... 16 (26) Gabriola’s coal-mining connections .......... 16 (23−24) Gabriola’s demographics in 1901 .............. 24 (45−46) Gabriola’s greenhouse gases ............................................ 5 (35), 24(42–43), 24(43) Gabriola’s nose and tail ............................. 22 (34−35) Heteromorph ammonite .................................... 24(60) Holes in sandstone at great heights ............ 22 (32−33) Home groan, monster vegetables ............... 16 (27−28) Ice-age Gabriola .............................................. 28 (50) Island old timers .............................................. 25 (20) Land pre-emption on Gabriola ................... 24 (49−51) Malaspina & Malaspina Research Centre (box note) ....... 10 (24) Malcolm Lowry’s stars .............................. 22 (36−37) Mendaro en Canada .................................... 21 (34–5) Monster on the beach ......................................... 21 (2) More Gabriola ammonite fossils ..................... 22 (37) More pre-emption notes ............................. 24 (51–53) Mussel invasion at False Narrows ............. 24 (47−48) Net shed at Page’s........................................ 2 (35−36) Newcastle Island and the US Mint in San Francisco .......................... 21 (42) Old growth ......................................................... 3 (25) One-way tides ............................................ 24 (54−56) Petroglyph at the garden party DgRw253 .. 28 (49−50) Sand, firewood, and the stars at night .......... 2 (34−35) Seagull island? ................................................... 1 (42) Shopping in Nanaimo in 1857 ................... 12 (33−34) Smoking economy ........................................... 22 (30) Summer tides ............................................... 5 (45−47) Tatshenshini-Alsek petroglyph ........................ 22 (30) Tell them it’s Tafoni .......................................... 2 (38) Ticks ................................................................ 24 (44) Time for a beer ................................................ 25 (25) Tobacco from Gabriola .................................... 22 (30)

Trace elements ........................................... 18 (32−35) Travel broadens the mind (pre-Cambrian) ....... 22 (31) Varnish clams ............................................ 24 (48−49) Why does water drain counter-clockwise. ... 5 (36−40) Wild gardens of Ruxton Island .......................... 5 (41) Windy New Mexico ......................................... 22 (33) Winter tides ................................................ 10 (33−36)

Oceanography Earliest days of Oceanography in BC, Resolution Cove, April 1778 ........................................... SILT 19 Egeria ....................................... 4 (25−27), 22 (38–48) Malaspina galleries ........................................... 9 (37) One-way tides ............................................ 24 (54−56) Sea-level changes ......................................... 5 (14−20) Summer tides (note) ..................................... 5 (45−47) Tabla of Toba Inlet .................................... 11 (22−36) Timing the tide ........................................... 22 (38–48) Two tides a day? .......................................... 6 (25−31) Winter tides (note) ..................................... 10 (33−36)

Parks and natural areas 707 CP, Coats Marsh RP (several files) ............ unpub. Fauna of Coats Marsh area ............................... unpub. Flora of Coats Marsh area ................................. unpub. Geology of Coats Marsh area ........................... unpub. Trail map, 707CP & Coats Marsh RP .............. unpub. Trail map, Government lands .......................... unpub.

−management Coats Marsh RP and 707 CP issues .................. unpub. Various.............................................................. unpub.

Petroglyphs The calendar man petroglyph at DgRw258 on Gabriola Island............................................... SILT 13 Crop circles and petroglyphs ..................... 24 (57–59) Green Wharf petroglyph ............................ 22 (38–48) Most unusual petroglyph (DgRw228) ....... 10 (25−32) Observing winter solstice at DgRw228 ..... 17 (41−44) Observations at DgRw193, -198, & -201 .. 17 (49−55) Paleoastronomy at DgRw230 .................... 17 (45−48) Petroglyphs—discovery and demise ................ SILT 6 Petroglyph erosion ........................................... 8 (2−6) Petroglyphs and equinoxes ........................ 14 (10−14) Petroglyph at the garden party DgRw253 .. 28 (49−50) Petroglyph discovery & demise ..................... 13 (2−6) Petroglyph studies at the cemetery ............ 17 (56−60) Petroglyphs (book reviews) ......................... 1 (45−47) Petroglyphs at DgRw229 ........................... 17 (24−32)

Index for SHALE 1–28 and SILT

July 2020 9

Petroglyphs at DgRw224 and DgRw234 ... 17 (33−40) Places of power ......................................... 26 (19−30) Rock art of Alberta (report) ............................... 4 (43) Stars in stone, petroglyphs at DgRw230...... 18 (7−17) Tatshenshini-Alsek petroglyph (DgRw228) .... 22 (30) Visions cast on stone ................................... 17 (3−23)

Placenames (see Cartography and placenames) Reviews and reports BC and Vancouver Island (history) ............. 6 (32−39) Brother XII for kids ..................................... 4 (42−43) Ethnocynology (dogs) ....................................... 8 (43) Indians and nature ....................................... 3 (30−31) Nootka history ................................................... 1 (47) Petroglyph books ......................................... 1 (45−47) Passage to Juneau (by Jonathon Raban) ...... 4 (40−42) Reflections with Ellen White ....................... 3 (31−35) Rock art of Alberta ............................................ 4 (43) Role of diseases in BC history ..................... 2 (45−47) Susan Crean (about Emily Carr) .................. 3 (28−30) Treaties ........................................................ 3 (27−28)

Schools (see Local History—schools) Short stories—and tall tales Ambulance call from hell ................................ 21 (31) Beryl Cryer short stories .............................. 6 (14−16) Bruhn moments ........................................... 4 (23−24) Day the ferry went duck hunting ....................... 1 (40) Gabriola arrival .......................................... 16 (22−23) Gabriola childhood .......................................... 25 (16) Haida myth .................................................. 2 (42−44) Indian short stories ...................................... 8 (27−28) Journal entry ................................................ 3 (23−24) Memories of a one-room schoolhouse ......... 5 (28−29) Panther encounter (short story in a note) ......... 25 (22) Sad tale of Jancowski’s horse ............................ 1 (41) Story of the Euclataws ............................... 12 (30−32) Whale of a story ........................................ 25 (16−17)

Spanish explorations Alcalá Galiano's sketchmaps of Gabriola .... 1 (12−21) Charts from the Malaspina expedition

(note) ................................................. 25 (23−25) Flea Village—A second look at Cardero’s drawing ..................................................... SILT 17-10 Flea Village—Initial remarks on Cardero’s drawing ....................................................... SILT 17-6

Flea Village—Spanish expedition accounts ................ .................................................................... SILT 17-3 The original Gabriola in the Spanish Basque country ....................................................................... SILT 11 Gabiola/Gaviola .................................... 8 (front cover) Gabriola’s name, origin of ........................... 13 (7−38) Malaspina galleries—what’s in a name? ..... 8 (12−15) Malaspina’s lost gallery ............................... 10 (3−24) Mendaro en Canada .................................... 21 (34–5) More about runnels (flutes) ....................... 10 (37−44) Narváez, José María (portrait) . 26 (inside front cover) Nootka history (book review) ............................ 1 (47) Notes on possible relationships between Simon de Gabiola y Zabala and Juan Francisco Bodega y Quadra .............................................................. unpub. Notes on the family of Simón de Gabiola (Gaviola) y Zabala ................................................ SILT 12, unpub. Seagull island? ................................................... 1 (42) Simón Gaviola’s family connections ......... 26 (10−18) Tabla of Toba Inlet .................................... 11 (22−36) Who named Saturna Island? ...................... 18 (18−30)

Trails (see Cartography and placenames)

Index for SHALE 1–28 and SILT

10 July 2020

AUTHOR INDEX Adam, Aileen ............................................................. 4 Adams, Amanda ...................................................... 17 Barman, Jean ......................................................... 2, 8 Borden, Carol Ann ................................................... 24 Boyce, Carol ............................................................ 12 Chisholm, Brian ......................................................... 5 Ciocea, Liz ............................................................... 21 Cryer, Beryl ........................................................... 4, 6 Doe, Nick ............................................. 1−18, 20–6, 28 Earle, Steven .......................................................... 5, 7 Fafard, Phyllis ............................................................ 4 Gartshore, Anne ......................................................... 5 Gehlbach, Jenni ............... 4, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 27 GHMS Archives ........................................................ 4 GHMS History subcommittee ......................... 3, 8, 16 Gordon, Marion ....................................................... 12 Hackwood, Frank....................................................... 1 Harrison, June .......................................................... 11 Hebda, Andrew ........................................................ 24 Holm/Hoggan, Martha ............................................. 25 Humphrey, Barrie .... 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24, 28 Huston, Shelagh ......................................................... 6 Jones, Gwyneth ........................................................ 24 Kimmins, Hamish .................................................... 16 Lam, Mary Rose ........................................................ 3 Leather, Anna .......................................................... 16 Littlefield, Loraine ............................................. 1, 2, 6 Loomis, Ruth ............................................................. 3 Lundy, Doris ............................................................ 26 Krogh, Erik ................................................................ 7 Mann, Margaret ......................................................... 1 Martin, Donald .......................................................... 5 d’Ombrain, Nicholas ................................................. 8 Pearson, Justine ......................................................... 5 Poulton, Lynda ................................ 1, 5, 8, 16, 24, 28 Power, Janice ........................................................... 28 Reeve, Phyllis ............ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 18, 25, 28 Rice, Mary ................................................................. 6 Ruitenbeek, Jack ........................................................ 5 Smith, Paul ................................................................ 2 Szanto, Kit ........................................................... 5, 21 Todd, Douglas ........................................................... 3 Welton, Les ................................................................ 4 White, Joyce .................................. 4, 8, 16, 22, 25, 28 Williams, Parker ........................................................ 2 Windecker, Hazel ...................................................... 5 Windecker, Norman ................................................. 11 Wise, Jennie ............................................................... 4 Withey, Fred. ........................................................... 24 Wolsey, Bev ............................................................ 25

The Gabriola Museum keeps a stock of back issues of SHALE and they can be mailed to you on request, or you can buy them on Gabriola from the Museum and the bookshop at Page’s Resort & Marina. See SHALE’s website for summaries of all the major articles.