(Shan) - UNFPA Myanmarmyanmar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/2...acj;xmrf sv; acj;wgyf, vlnf;vgif OAef;Omhrmh rdlif:rBmef,rj, (Shan) uGmrf:erf: yyf.tgef,eh.qdkif; yAeftef

1- acj;xmrf sv; acj;wgyf, vlnf;vgif OAef;Omhrmh rdlif:rBmef,rj, (Shan)

uGmrf:erf:

yyf.tgef,eh.qdkif; yAeftef qkMrfwif,aeoh. acj;xmrf sv; acj;wgyf, e[:ymifxlyf:tkyf,ukrf uyf:umh,vlnf;vgif;

OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:) vgif;wmif:plofulef: sv; pldef:_Nif: e[:rdlif:rBmef,rj, rdlof;2014eD;? tefydkefcmof

yefrj: ykef.ulef:rdlif:eef. atj;/ yj:oh. acj;uGmrf:tkyf, zl;wmifwlof rl,qkrf:ul;'mh,? uj;e[:ymifxlyf:tkyf,ukrf uj;wD;

aq;rdlif:_aq;wdlif: e[: 2014eD; awtof, vdlefar, rj:eef. cj;bof./ e[:ymifeef. yj:oh. ulef:tgefNof

'mh,wmif:bkrf,zj,Oj,v[? ulef:vlifqmof:cdlof:v[? ulef:vlife[:qkrf:? yj,wD,ymh:rdlif:? rl,qkrf:'mh,ulef:rdlif:vhmvmh? qkrf:

arbdif:? qkrf:ulef:ekrf,? 'mh,umefOkef,wlof? 'mh,rD,wD,bj,? ulef:vlife[:vlifygif;qdkif yj:oh.aq:aq:cj;bof./ eh.

ulnf:trf,uj: rD:oh.xSif; rl,qkrf:tefuGj,vAyf;pAef: qef.umef OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:) uj;wD;iof;vkrf:vlif

OAef;Omhrmh tefrD:uj;wD; ae,yD,awj,eef.bl,bof./ qdlof:eh.yAef zgif:cAof(trmwf;wmef,wrmef,)cof?

qkrf:vkrf'j.(ukvwrSuf.uj.)cof? qkrf:rD,wD,bj,? qof;wj,ej.cof? qkrf:'mh,rkef:vSif:cof? qkrf:trf,q[;

vlifygif;qdkif;(tSef,qD,tlof,)cof? qkrf:qmof:cdlof:ul;cdlof:cof ? uGj,vAyf;pAef: qkrf:v[ qkrf:eef.bl,bof./ vlnf;vgif;

OAef;Omhrmheh. rD:oh. yyf. ]]acj;xmrf tefxmrferf}}eheef. yj:oh. acj;rkef:uGmrf:Oif, ulef:vlife[: auj,rD,wD,

tefrD:Okef,yef wmif:ch;q[ OAef;Omhrmh qdlof:eh.cj;bof./

yyf.tgef,eh. awyefwmif:qgh;urf. umefydkef;cmof,yef iof;vlifacj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh qdlof:eef.bl,cj;/ tefeh.

ch;P;su;vdwf: wmif:tefrh.q[ vlnf;vgif 'mh,cdkef:wgyf, acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh bgef.ydlof; qmof:cldof: rAof:ulef:

trf,rdlefuef ? aq;rdlif: sv; aq;wdlif: trfrdlefuef eef.bl,atj;/ yyf.tgefeh. Oyf.vSif:yef ulef:rdlif:

P;ygif,vif: wdlof:N.rj: aOsv; rD:wmif: bkrf,brfrj:edlof OAef;Omhrmheh. aObof. P;pyf.tofvh;? q[.wdkof:vh;

acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh eh. cj;atj;/


acj;xmrf prf;yj;erfxmrf; vgif;OAef;Omhrmh

1/ ugyf;Oifsv; vh;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:) cj;?

e[:rdlif:vkrf'j. vh;oj;ul;rdlif:bof. pAwf:umef uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh vgif;Nofulef:(eyf.wD.uBvD)? apjNdef:_Nif:? vgif;bl,

wif:Oof:? vgif;wlif,odlif:ulef:? vgif;pAwf:umef? vgif;pmif;zmifulef:rdlif:('mh,bl,vDudefomef? 'mh,pAef:vduf;vmh:)

qdlof:eh.cj;bof./ rD:rldif:wmif,tef('mh,yj;st,) cofrD:vguf:vmh:wSrf;rmh acj;rmhydlif ulef:rdlif: ul;vdlef ul;yD eef.sv;

cofvh;N.vgif; ulef:rdlif: aO,aO, trf,xmwf,trfomh: qgrf:vlnf; cmof:bmrf: Okdyf,uGj,trf,xmwf,eef.cj;av; cof

trf,vlof wmif: tefuAyf: OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:)cj;/

2/ UNFPA tefoj;eef. yAeftDOif? cofyj:e[: umefuAyf:OAef;Omhrmh eh. 'mh,vgif;umefv[ cj;?

UNFPA (qkrf:idkef:ugifumifvkrf'j.'mh,Nofulef:)tefoj;eef. yAef qkrf:wmifwlof 'mh,ymh:rkef:vSif:ul;rdlif:rdlif:

tefedkif; aOsv; qgh;urf.yef e[:rdlif: 'mh,ymh:Nofulef:? ymh:vgif;ulef:qmh:_ulef:bdif:? ymh:vgif;'mh,bl,vDaO

szqdlof.cdlof:ulef: qdlof:eef.cj;atj;/ ykef.umef uAyf:OAef;Omhrmheh.Orf. qkrf:eh. qhg;urf. 'mh,pSif:ydif,nj,

vguf:vmh:vD aObof. rmifyguf;auj; qgh;urf.yj:idkef:wgif: bl,atj;/

3/ 'mh,idkef:wgif: q[.wdkof:ykef. umefvlif uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh e[:rdlif:rBmef,rj,eh. rD:uj;pdkofbof. cj;/

idkef:q[. umefuAyf:OAef;Omhrmh eh. wif:OAif; idkef:awj,vj, tsr,ID,umef, rD:(60)vmef.qrfqrf cj;atj;/

Omhrmhidkef: 'mh,wSwf;eSwf;vD ref:sw. awvh;N. rdlof;tef umefNofeh. bof.wlof;vDirf:uGj,eef. bl,bof./

idkef:wif:OAif: wif:vlifeh. vlifygif;qdkif;? rdlif:wj,ej.Odef,cof sv; UNFPAcof cof;yj: O[,qgrf:oh.cj;atj;/

rdlof;tef pAwf:ymifyefwif:N. OAef;Omhrmheef. rl,qkrf:'mh,yj;ulef:rdlif: sv; ulef:e[:omef;auj; uj;tefcofrD:

q[,aq,wej,eef. tofidkef:ugifumifcof O[,qgrf: qgh;xSrfyef b[,b[, erferf bl,atj;/

4/ zgef:vD uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:)eh.

yAeftDOifcj;?

ayj:vh;rj: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh tefwSwf;eSwf;

vDeef.q[.vh;ul;'mh,cj;? 'mh,umefygifyAeftuBLof:

ulef:rdlif:v[? 'mh,ziftj;vmif: ymh:rmuf;rD:v[?

'mh,wrf:omif: yuf:ydlifv[? 'mh,yuf:ydlif umefrkef:vSif:?

umefq[.Ogh bgif;P; cdkef;b[,cofv[ qdlof:eef.

cj;bof./ e[:OAef;Omhrmheh. rD:vguf:vmh:Omhrmh

qef.Okif (statistical systems)tef

Omif,xkyf, wduB wSwf;eSwf;vD eef.cj;atj;/


5/ bgef.OAef;Omhrmheh.sv; awyAefrj: vgif;vD_vgifqj. qdlof:eef.bof.eh rD:ulef:yefOwD.oh. aOwj.

pAwf:Oifsv; bif:trf,cmh.oef:ref: Orf.Odkyf,pAwf:uGj, wdwf:wdwf: rdlof; 2014eD; vdlef; rmwf.(cBf) sv; vdlef

at,zIAof,(vf) eef.cj;?

umefOAef;Omhrmheh. yAefumefb[,umefvlif? rD:oh.vmhydlif vmhqef.bl,sv; vgif;vD vgif;qj.? sz:wkwf.cj. qmif;rD:

bl,cj;atj;/ rdlef;qdlof.eif, rdlif:rBmef,rj,eh. aw,qj.pAwf: 'mh,vSuf;vmh; ymh:rdlif:? ymh:ruf;rD:? ymh:rkef:vif:ukef:rdlif:

bl,eef.sv; trf,oj;vh; tefoj; trf,rD: wmif:tef cgif.crf ehcj;atj;/ uj;e[:rdlif: rBmef,rj,pof:eh. rdlof;ylef.rj:

2012eD;eef. pAwf:umef 'mh,vAyf;pAef: wlnf:vgif;eh. aOsv; vAyf:pAwf:wlnf:rj: vmhydlif vmh'mh,bl, qgifawrD:

vgif;cgif.crf? vgif;az:cAefvldif, bl,pj:ehcj;bof./ qkrf:eh. pAwf:zdkefwmif,se xdkif rj: vgif;cAef qdlof:eh.sv;

tdifedlofeh.aOsv; cdkef: ygh,qkrf: qmrf:uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh qkrf:edkif tefyj: ulef:uwf: eguf;rdlif: sv; ulef:e[:rdlif:

aOsv; qmrf:uAyf: OAef;Omhrmh rj:bl,bof./ vkuf.uj;wD; umefeh. tofacj;rmh wlofxlyf: tduf,yj: acj;yef wmif:ch;q[

aObof. olef;Omifwlnf:e[: umefpmif;pSef: uAyf:OAef;Omhrmheh. bl,cj;/ urf:eh.cdkef: pmif;pSef:ykef.

wj,awsu;vdwf; cAef? Oifoj; rD:vgif;cgif.crfeef. P;erf:umefvh;? P;urfNofcAefref:vh;? irf:oh.vh;vDvDeh

rdlof;quf:pAwf:umefvlif ymh:uAyf:OAef;Omhrmheh. eef. pmif;pSef: aw,pAwf:rj:cj;bof./

ymh:uAyf:OAef;Omhrmheh. Oifoj;pAwf:qgrf:eif, oef:tef ruf:cmef:oh. rdlof; 2014eh. awrD: zgef:vDOif? rD:wif:

bmyf,Oif? rD:sz:cAefOifeh vAyf:pAef:rj:bl,cj;/ eh.ulnf:trf,uj: Oifoj; trf,pAwf:qgrf:tefeh. cmh.oef:uAyf:ref:

qdkif awyAefqdlif.eifpdkofrj: erf.wgef:ref:? zgef:vD tefyAef Okef,vh; awrD:Oifeh olef.Omif vAyf;pAef:rj:

bl,sw.sw.ej;ej;bl,cj;/ rdlof;vAof e[:rdlif:rBmef,rj,eh. rD:umeferfoh.cj;? umeftkyf,'mh,ymh:irf:bAef? umefymh:rdlif:?

umefymh:rmuf;rD:? umef'mh,ymh:bl,vD(wlof_q[)ulef:rdlif: qj.uGj,qdlof:eh. yAefumefeuf:ej b[,uGmifoh.sw.sw.cj;/ ugyf;ydlof

qdlof.eh vgif;wj,aw tdiftof acj;rmhydlif acj;vlif? ydlifvlif qdlof:eef. bif:vlof,oh. sw.sw.bl,cj;/ tefoj;uGj,

qdlof:eh. awvh;rj:e[: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmheh. bof.cj;/ ayj:trf,uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhqdkif; trf,rD:wD; tdif ydlifb[,

ydlifvlif qdlif.eif,ehcj;/

bgef.ydlof;vgif;eh.sv; umefymh:uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhheh.

yAef vrf,vgif; umefydlifvlif cj;bof./ bmrf:rdlof;

vAof tefq[.wdkof: tdiftofacj;rmhydlif wif:OAif;

eh. tofacj;rmhydlif e[: OAef;Omhrmh rdlof; 1983eD;

eef. ulnf:cj;/ tefeh. ayj:pdkifrj: rD:(30)rdlif:

bof.? trf,cdkwf:umyf;cj;bof./ awtof acj;rmhydlif

e[:eh.aO q[.wdkof:ykef. 'mh,ymh:rdlif:? yuf:ydlif 'mh,

rkef:vSif:? yuf:ydlif ymh:ruf;rD: qdlof:eh. trf,Omif,

xkyf, cj;bof./ eh.ulnf:trf,uj: vgif; vdluf;uAyf:

wmif,cdkef;zl;ugif:rdlif: tefr[, vlifygif;qdkif;r[, e[:

rdlof; 2015eD;eef. yAefvrf,vgif; bl,bof./


cmof:bmrf:rdlof;vAofeh. yAefcmof: tef Omif,xkuf,bl, eef.sv; ayj:trf,uAyf: OAef;Omhrmhqdkif; ayj:bof. ymh:vdluf;uAyf:

wmif,cdkef; zl;ugif:rdlif: tefr[, vlifygifqdkif;r[, cdkefrj:aOauj; trf,rD:wD; tdifacj;ydlif tefwSwf;eSwf;vD ykef.

'mh,ymh:rdlif: eef.cj;/ vlifygif;qdkif; r[,cof Orf.aw cdkef:cdkifygif pmif;pSef: aO awuAyf:OAef;Omhrmh ehauj; awvh;tof

cmof:bmrf: eef.sv; acj;rkef:OAef; Omhrmh trf,vh;urf:vAof awpdkif uGj,xSif; (3)yD (4)yD bl,cj;atj;/ ugyf;eh

vlifygifqdkif;r[, eef. awtrf,N. Nofeyf.ulef:? ulef:rdlif:vlof,Oifauj; awtrf,N.vD? wmif:N.auj;trf,erfvh;? wmif:

pefauj; trf,uGmif;vh;? awvmrf:cdkyf;tofaO yuf:acj;ydlif ayj,vD,OD,tefr[,? cyf.rmh tefr[,aO tkyf.rmef;rdlif: uGj,bl,

ulnf:cj;bof./

cmof:bmrf:OAef;Omhrmh tefvmwf;rj:wmif:edlofeh. auj;rSef;qgrf: wlofxlyf: ul;rdlif:rdlif: tefcofbmrfpAwf:rj:aO

qD.seoh. cmof:bmrf: uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhsv; cmof:bmrf: vdluf;uAyf:wmif,cdkef; zl;ugef:rdlif: wD;au,au, awvh;bmefuef

(1)yDeheef. auj; qyf:rSef;bof. cj;/ eh.ulnf: trf,uj: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh acj;rmhuBmrf: ydlifyAefaw. qdlof:eef. yAef

wmif:tef urf.qgh; vgif;'mh,ymh: pmif;pAef: ymh:vdluf;uAyf:wmif,cdkef; zl;ugef:rdlif: aOulnf:trf,uj: q[.wdkof:vh; vguf:vmh:

y[.wlnf:? xwf:wlnf:? ymh:erf:e[: 'mh,wgwf;umifq[(ymh:eyf.Nofulef: ykef.zl;wgwf; cSyf:umifq[)qdlof:eef.cj;bof./

acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh aw seoh. Nofeyf.ulef: qdlof:rD:Okef,wgwf; cSyf:umifq[ bl,cj;atj;/ tefeh. awtrf,rSef;

qgrf: Nofeyf.ulef: ykef. zl;wgwf; cSyf:umifq[ sw.sw. aOwj. Nofeyf.ulef:e[: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmheh. awyAef

ykef. wj,xwf:Omifwlnf: tSefpSif:ulef: ykef.yefumifq[ pmif:z[ pmif:ref: qkrf:z[ qkrf:ref:eef.cj;/ rdlof;pAwf: ymif

vdluf;uAyf:wmif,cdkef; ulef:vlifeef. trf,yAefvh; rAof:trf,pefvh;? ayj:yAefrj:ehauj; aw qD.seyefvguf;vmh:

ykef.aw au;vdwf;yef vgif;cgif.crfqdlof:eef.bl,bof./

rdlefqldof.eifeef acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh awyefvh; Nofeyf.ulef: (qdlof:tOmuf;wArf aOwgwf;umifq[vh;) ykef.

auj,rD,Odef,'mh,vdluf;uAyf: sv; yj,wD,'mh,ymh:rdlif: qgrf:vlnf; tldif,cISif,? aq;oAif: qdlof:eef.bl,bof./ ayj:vh; Nofeyf.

ulef:bof.eh vmrf:wlnf:vh; zl;wgwf;cSyf:umifq[ rD:vmhauj.ehqdkif wj,aw pAwf: Nif:wgwf;umifq[ vmhNif:? Nif:ykef.

wj,vdkof.Oof: qdlof:eef. pmifpSef:vh;bl,cj;bof./ auj,rD,Odef,'mh,vdluf;uAyf:cof ykef.wj,aw eyf.tmef, cSyf:umifq[eh.?

awvh; yefykef.zgef: zl;wmifwlofyj,wD, vmhauj. eh.ulnf:trfuj: ykef.wj, Ogefyef 'mh,umefymh:vdluf;uAyf: qdlof:eh.

rdlef;tef wSyf:wwf: vgif;umef ymh:vdluf;uAyf:qdlof:eh. awtdiftofvh; acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif uj;e[: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh

eef.bl,bof./

Oifoj;cmh. cmof:bmrf:uAyf: OAef;Omhrmhqdkif; umeftefvmwf;rj:wmif: uj;edlofqdlof:eef. awvh;cmh.cmof:bmrf:qgrf:uGj,

bl,bof./ zgef:vDykef. wmif:tef pmif;pSef:umef ymh:vdluf;uAyf: qdlof:eh.auj; awbgrf:oh.bl,bof./ ayj:bof. ymh:vdluf;uAyf:

eef. tefwmif,cdkef;rj: zl;ugif:rdlif:r[, vlifygif;qdkif;r[, qdlof:eh. awtdifacj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif teftrf,wSwf;eSwf;vD

eef.aOsv; wSwf:wwf. ydlifej;umefuGj,ykef. ymh:rdlif: eef.ulnf:bof./ rdlof;vAof olef.Omif,wlnf: qdlof:eh. vDvD aO


bof. qif,vh; cdkifygif Omif;pAwf:umef uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:) e[: 2014eD; eh. sv; awirf:umef ykef.wj,

auvdwf;cAef P;bgrf:uGj, rdlof;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmheh. cj;bof./

uyf:umh,vlnf; cAef tefyAef vgif;qj. tefawtguf,rj: e[:cmof: uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh eef. awvh; sp.prf; qdlif.eif,pdkof

eh vh;cdkif;ygif ymh:sp.prf;oh.xj qdlof.eif,rD:w[;eh.cj;bof./ ydlif;wSuf; - aw,tof e[:umifyD 2013eD;eef. vh;aw,

pAwf: ymif,tkyf,ukrf vlnf;vgif; ymh:uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh vlnf;uefwif: yj,wD,ymh:rdlif:cof? qkrf;trf,q[;vlifygifqdkif;cof?

qkrf:bdyf: cdlif;ugif;umif,cof cj;atj;/ vh;pAwf: ygh:uyf:Odkyf, wmif,se ymh:uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh uj;wD; ae,yD,awj,cj;awj,

eef. aObof.? rdlof; 2014eD; vdlefrwf.cBf(2)oef:eef.Orf. xj,eMif;zgif:vlif'mh,ulef:cof;tguf, sv; 'mh,pSif:ulef:

cof tduf,yj:wif: yj,wD,ymh:rdlif:cof? qkrf;trf,q[;vlifygifqdkif;cof? qkrf:bdyf: cdlif;ugif;umif,cof wif:OAif;OAif; (126)auj.

eef. vh;tkyf,vmwf;wmif,serj: umefpmif;pSef: ymh:uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh urf:vdkef:Okwf:bl,cj;bof./ e[:qkrf:qdlof:eh. qkrf:

urf;zgif; e[:oj;cof trf,yh,tof vgif;irf:bAef wif: vlifygifqdkif; aOwj. vh;q[ wj,awurf.qgh; 'mh,ymh:uAyf: OAef;

Omhrmheh.bl,atj;/ uj;e[:qkrf:cofeef. cofvdluf;uAyf:rj: zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh aOtrf,uj: zl;tofykef.zgef: wj,aw awj.

zdkefvguf;ydlif? (awj.tof xSrfO[, cdkef: awj.Olif,) qdlof:eh.cj;atj;/ ugyf;vgif;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmheh.sv; trf,rD: wmif:

tef cgif.crf? uAof,cgif.uef aOeh.ulnf:trf,uj: vh;rD:q[ auj,Omif; ymh:bkrf,brf uefaObof. vh;tcGmif. yj,omif,qgrf:

pAwf:uef qgrf:uefrj: cj;atj;/

6/ e[: ymh:wSyf:wwf:ydlif sv; ymh:yuf:rmh cyf:omif:zSef(qD,rmef,uAif:)eef. P;ayj:vh; zgef:vDcdkef;b[, rj:eef.

acj;rkef: OAefOmhrmh pAwf:yefvh; qdlof.eifpdkof cj:?

acj;rkef: OAefOmhrmh 2014eD;eh. wrf:omif:yef iof;pmuf; ykef.wj,awyAefrj: vguf:vmh:Omhrmhqef.Okif(statistical

systems)tef Omif,xkyf, wSwf;eSwf;vD uyf:uAof,oh.wif:rdlif: eef.cj;bof./ acj;rkef:OAef; Omhrmheh. awyefvh;

acj;rmhuBmrf: ykef.ej;umef 'mh,ymh:rkef:vSif:ydlif:O[? ymh:vgif;bl,vD udefomef? ymh:ydif,nj,wif:N.? ymh:vgif;vh;erf.udefvD?

ymh:wgef;cgwf,zgwf;? ymh:irf:umefomef umefOlef qdlof:eef.cj;bof./

ydlif;wSuf;- OAef;Omhrmh uAyf:qmrf:wlnf:(Pilot Census)eef. sevgif; pmif;zmifNofeyf.ulef: vSuf;vmh;rj:? yAeftef

vrf,vgif; ydlifvlifoh.bof.ehatj;/ pmif;zmifNofeyf.ulef: ydIrdqf.( pyramid )w[;wdef vlof,b[,uGmif;oh.eef. rdlof;vAof

trf,q[;bof.? uSyf;rj:aO vSuf;vmhuGj,bof./ bgwf.oj; tj,bkulef: rl,(15-19)eh. tgef,vdlof rl,wmif,rl, bof.cj;/ ch;oj;

awtof rdlof;ylef.rj: (15)yDrdlif:eef. vgif;udkwf,vkuf;vmif: bgrf:at,rj:bof. ehcj;/ vgif;ydlifeh. seoh. uj;wD; vguf.rmh

(1) sv; vguf:rmh(2) wSuf;edlef: ej;yAif:ref: seyef 'mh,udkwf,vkuf.tgif,vSifeef. Nofeyf.ulef: rD:uj;pdkofeef.cj;/

bmrf:rdlof;vAof rl,ulef: tj,bk,(15-29)eh. udkif;umif.erfudkef:rj:oh.cj;atj;/ acj;ydlifeh. qD.seyef ugyf;ydlof;oj;

cofyAefulef:ekrf, rj,pSif:cof cdkef;wArfrj:sv; rD:ykef.zgif: vgif;vlof,cdkifygif ykef. 'mh,ymh:rkef:vSif:ydlif:O[ ul;'mh, sv;

vlof,cdkifygifykef. wj,q[.wdkof: tSefpSef:cof(pSif:wlof_pSif:nSef,ydif,nj,)cof eef.atj;/ vkuf.uj;wD;eh. aOsv;

'mh,ymh:rmuf;rD: e[:rdlif: vlof, ziftvmif:bof.eh rkifwlnf: bgef:rj: qdlof.eif,ehcj;bof./


uj;e[: rl,tj,bk(15-29) eh. ugyf;udkif.umif. wdlof:erfrj: eef.sv; ulef:pAwf:umef erfvdlofaO ulef:qdlof:tef

tdifydkif;ydlef;eef.bl,? qifoj; tcBLof: ulef:tdifydkif;ydlef;(ratio) awbgrf:uGj, cj;atj;/ ch;oj; uj;e[: ulef:pAwf:umef

erferfqdlof:eef. zl;tdifydkif; uj;wD; ulef:pAwf:umef eef. awat,uGj,bl, ehatj;/ ugyf;yAefwmif:tef vSuf;vmhrj:

vlnf; pmif;zmifydlifulef:pof: ymh:wlif.edkif;pAwf:Omifeh.sv; Orf.cdkef:vlof,rj: ykef.wmif:udef? ykef.vgif;bl,wef:Oof:?

qdlof.eifeh eef. awvh; cdkifOmif;pmif;ygif 'mh,ymh:pAwf:clof:ukef,tguf,? 'mh,qkMrf qdlof:eh. vh;ayj,ymif.rD:rj:qgrf:

bl,cj;bof./ tefyAefrj: ydlifvlif qdlof:eh. Mif.oj; acj;rkef:ulef:udlef:( demographic bonus )eh.cj;/ ulnf:uj uj;e[:

acj;rkef:ulef:udlef: eh. wmif:tef urf.qgh; 'mh,pSif:ulef: tefoj; wmif:uwf: 'mh,ydif,nj,v[? wmif:N.wlofxlyf: ykef. 'mh,

pAwf:clof:ukef,tguf, qdlof:eh. awvh; yuf:ydlifyef vgif;rkef:vSif:ydlif:O[ulef:rdlif: vDvD qif,vh; zgef:vD acj;rkef:

ulef:udlef: eef.cj;bof./ uj;e[:cmof:bmrf: tefvAof rlof;vAofuefeef. awvh; pjyefumef ? vguf:ej;umef ykef.

qdlof:tef wdlof:rj:xSif; aej,cdlof:ulef: qdlof:eh. cj;bof./ wj,sw omif:wrf; yuf:ydlif tefwSwf;eSwf; wArfxlef;eef.

bif:vlof,oh. acj;rmhuBmrf: e[:acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmheef.bl,cj;/ pAwf:qdlif.eh bof.qif, awvh; zgef:vD acj;rkef:

yuf:ydlif vlnf;umef rkef:vSif:qdlof:eef.cj;bof./ rdlof;vAof e[:rdlif:rBmef,rj,pof:eh. vDaw,qj.cwf:q[ pAwf:wmif:tef

bluf.cdkef; ymh:yuf:ydlif ykef. acj;rkef:ulef:uldef: aOsv; wgef:y[.tof zgef:vD tefpof: Okef,vh; eef.bl,bof./

vgif; wD;qdkof;wD;q[;ref: sw. rdlof;ylef.rj:(10)yD qrfqrfeef. bmrf:rdlof; 'mh, vgif;ukdwf,vkuf;tgef, bgrf:uGj,eef.

vDpAwf: qdlof.eif,eh rj:aOwj. trf,rD: acj;rmhuBmrf: wSwf;eSwf;vDeef.aOsv; wmif:tef xwf:Omif olef.wlnf:

acj;rkef:acj;rmhydlif auj; trf,rD:vh;eef.sv; trf,ruf: yuf:ydlif tefOmif,xkuf, vh;cj;/


acj;xmrf tefuyf;umh,vlnf; acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:)

7/ acj;rmhuBmrf: wSwf;eSwf; uj;pdkofsv; P;ydkefcmofyefvh;rj: eef.cj;?

vlifygif;qdkif; bdkef;vmwf;oh.oj; awpAwf: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh(3)wgef;aO awydkefcmof,yef wD;ulef:rdlif:ehcj;/

qgrf:eif, ruf:rmhoh. oef:ydkefcmof Nofej; acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh eef. vh;ydkefcmof,yef rdlof; 2014eD; vldeftlof:uwf.(qf)

eef. bof.bof.cj;/ iof;vlifacj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh eh. awydkefcmof,yef rdlof; 2015eD; vdlefar,eef.cj;bof./

acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh wrf:seqgrf:acj;rmhydlif eef. bif:vlof,xSif; cmof:bmrf:ykef. cdkef:xwf:wlnf: acj;rmhydlif

acj;rmhuBmrf: ydlifyAefsw. eef.bl,cj;sv; oef:ydkefcmof,ydlifeh.sw. awyAef 2015eD; wmrf:pmifyD trf,eef 2016eD;

yDawOAif; eef.cj;bof./ ydif,nj,Odef, ul;rdlif:rdlif: tefyAef zl;yefwmif:cmh.q[? wmif:N. edlof OAef;Omhrmh eh.eef.

yj:qgrf: pAwf;umefqgrf: e[:umefvliful;'mh, ul;qef.qef. bl,cj;atj;/ bmrf:rdlof;vAof vdlefelof,oSrf,ydlof, 2014eD; awj,

pmef.eh. umefbof.qgrf:uGj, qgrf:eif, ruf:cmef:oh. P;bof.umef vgif;v[vgif;eef. qef.v[qef.eef.bl,cj;/

8/ acj;rmhuBmrf: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmheh. qgif, uSwf,sc ap.prf. yef ulef: qdlof:tefrD:cAeferf eef.cj;?

acj;rmhuBmrf: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh tefuyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;bl,Oof:ulef:qdlof:eh. awqgh;vh; ykef.ulef: qdlof:tef ydlef;

rmifySwf; tduf,yj: ulef:qdlof:tef vlof,oh. ul;qj.ul;rAof: qdlof:eef.vh;bl,cj;/ ugyf;ej;vdef trf,zAif,yAif:uefeef.

sv; 'mh,ymh:rmuf;rD:e[:rkif.ulef: ? ymh:rkef:vSif:e[:omef;e[:Olef vh;uhbmefuefoh.aO trf,zAif,yAif:uefvh;cj;/ acj;rmh

uBmrf: e[:acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmheef. z[;oj;z[vmwf;oh.eh rAof:ref:N.vh; tefq[;cj;/ ykef.wj,aw sp.umif;yef auj. v[

auj.eef.eh trf,yAefvh;cj;/ ulnf:uj; acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlifqdlof:eh. qD.se wmif,seyef vh; vgif;wmif:tef ySuf,ydlif;

trf,zAif,yAif:uef uj;e[: olif;umif rkuf.qkrf:tefeh. tefej;? qkrf:tefrdlefrdlefuef erfej,qdlof:eef. bl,bof./


Oifoj; uj;wD;rkif.ulef: omef;ulef; qdlof:tef trf,rdlef;ydlef;eef. aw sw,wif. cyf:omif:zSef(qD,rmef,uAif:)rAof:

wdlof.cdluf; cgif.crf yAefcAefrj:eef.qdkif; acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh awpyf.oj; ulef:vmhauj. vmhNdef: rmhrkif. awvh; cmrf, cD;

Okrf; az:cAef awwluf:edlof Nofcofbof.eh qD.seyef vh;bl,cj;/ tof ymh:N.vgif;wmif: acj;rmhydlif qdlof.eif,eh aO

bof. wj,aw ruf:yef yuf:ydlif uyf:umh,vlnf: vgif;ap.prf; ykef. umefrD:cAef qdlof:eh. vh;bl,cj;/

9/ acj;rmhuBmrf: tefseyef 'mh,ymh:rmuf;rD: qgrf:vlnf: rkif.apjNdef:qdlof: eef. awpAwf:pdkofq[.wdkof:qgrf:vh;cj;?

uyf:umhvlnf; acj;rmhydlif; ymh:rmuf;rD: uj;e[: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh eef. trf,N.qgrf: yAefzl;v[cj;/ tefpAwf:oh.ykef.

zl;wgyf,acj;xmrf ykef.pmif:ulnf:ref:eef.sv; bgef._wgef:ydlif acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh eef. trf,rj:zSof wD;ref:cj;/

acj;rmhydlif ymh:rmuf;rD: rkif.apjNdef:qdlof:eh. yAefvrf,vgif;oh.cj;/ ugyf;N.rj: acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif ymh:rmuf;rD:qdlof:eh.sv;

qif,N.qgrf:vh; acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif tefuAof,vlnf;vgif; iof;wgef; cgwf,zgwf; e[:omef;? ymh:irf:umefomef umefOlef qdlof:

eef. cj;bof./ rdlof;wlnf: e[:umefimef: wmif:pAwf:wmif:Omif;? wmif:tefpAwf:yef tefydlef;q[.Ogh qdlof:eh. aOsv;

qef.pof:(tOmif.twmef:pof:) rD:uj;pdkofeh qif,N.vh; cj;bof./ tdifedlof acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif qdlof:eh.aOsv; eifpdkofwkcj.

wmif:zmefpof: awbgrf:pmhuGj,eef. yuf:ydlifrmhrD;yef ykef.vgif;umef ulef:omef ulef:Olef pof:vh;bl,cj;/ eh.ulef:trf,uj:

tdifedlof acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlifqdlof:eef. aOsv; Orf.cdkifOmif;pmif;ygif ykef.ulef:pof: tefyAef ydlifvlifref: cof;erf.

wmif:udef? wD;bl,wef:Oof:? 'mh,bl,vDudefomef? 'mh,rkef:vSif:ydlif:O[ qdlof:eh. P;wArfxlef; rj:eef.cj;atj;/

10/ OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:)sv; wif: rmhzmif(rmwf.ykif,wdef,) uyf:umh,vlnf;uefbl,pj:?

trf,uyf:umh cj; trf,OSif,Oifuefcj;/ OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:) eh. trf,N.vh; auj.v[yAef auj.v[cj;/ ugyf;eh

trf,uyf:umh yefvh; wif: ulef:auj.vAof eef.cj;/

11/ ayj:pAwf:umef qkOdrf: acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif OAef;Omhrmh wSwf;eSwf;vDbof.eh awydkefcmof,yef rdlof;v[cj;?

rdlof; 2014eD; vldeftlof:uwf.(qf)eef. ydkefcmof,yef Nofej;acj;rkef: OAef;Omhrmh rj:bof.cj;/ Nofej; acj;rkef:

OAef;Omhrmheh. yj:acj;rmhydlif Nofpkyf. ulef:qmh:_ulef:bdif;? qgrf:eif,rD:e[: aqwdlif:wgef;vlif_ aqrdlif: ? cISif, sv;

aqoAif: eef.cj;atj;/ acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmheh. vh;rj:wD; zdkefvguf:Nofpkyf. e[:uGmuf;vdef uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh tef

zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh sv; zl;xwf:OAef;Omhrmhcof pAwf:qImif: qkMrfwgrf oh.eef. cj;atj;/

acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh yguf;urf:Ogif eh.Orf. awydkefcmof rdlof; 2015eD; vdlefar,(trf,eef) vdlefqkef,cj;atj;/

e[:eh. Orf.aw yj: acj;rmhuBmrf: vlnf;vgif; Nofeyf.ulef:? yj:qgrf:tj,bktOmuf;? ulef:qmh:ulef:bdif:? ymh:bl,vD?

'mh,ydif,nj,? zl;qkwf.bgrf:? vgif; apjNdef:_Nif: sv; acj;rmhydlif uyf:umh,vlnf: ulef: wmif,qdlof.wmif,rAof: cj;atj;/


12/ e[: 2015eD; vldefar, (trf,eef) vldefqkef, ? acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh yguf;urf:Ogif; eh. yAefOifsv; trf,yh,

ydkefcmof,yefvh; acj;rmhydlif wmif,tef tefudkwf:oh. qdlof:eef. cj;? vgif;tefoj; tofqmuf; wD.iof:pmif;wlofvduf; eh

yAefOifsv; trf,yh, ydkefcmof,yefvh; cj;?

acj;rmhydlif e[:zdkefvguf:ydlifeef. ugyf;ydlof; tof vmh:rdkof: wSrf;xSrf;O[,oh. eef.sv; qmuf;ugrf,yBL,wdlof, trf,wD.vh;

urf:vAofcj;/ vh;pAwf: umefxSif;qef.edkif; tefyAef 'mh,O[, rmhulwf.(code)ref:cj;/ zl;q[.wdkof: qmuf;ugrf,yBL,wdlof,

cof cdkef:vh; ayj.O[, e[:qmuf;vDvD eef.sv; vhtof cmof:bmrf: pdkifwmef,wmef,cj;atj;/ acj;rmhydlif acj;rkef:OAef;

Omhrmh qdlof:eef. rkif;rgif: P;bof. rdlof; 2015eD; wmrf:pmifyD trfeef e[:NofyD 2016eD;eef.cj;atj;/

13/ rD:oh. acj;xmrf tefedkif; uyf:umh,vlnf; rkif.apjNdef: tefrD:eguf;rdlif: eef.cj;sv;?

acj;rmhydlifeh. awOkif:wdkof: uj;wD;v[cj;?

rkif.apjNdef: tefrD:eguf;rdlif: eef. Oifoj; oef:uAyf: OAef;Omhrmheef. ayj:coftrfrD: e[:Ndef:eh trf,eyf.yj:

trf,O[,yj: acj;rmhydlifcof e[: OAef;Omhrmheh.cj;/ cmof: uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh-qImif:wAif;cdkef:(census night)eh. uAyf:tof

Nofulef: apjNdef:_Nif: tefrD:bl, e[:rdlif:rBmef,rj,eh.ulnf:cj;/ tefrdleful;yguf; eh. e[:rdlif: wmif,rdlif:qdkif; ulef:cof

rD:eguf;rdlif:cof oh.eh cofrD:q[ch;N. ulef:cof rD:eguf;rdlif:uj;pdkofeheef. ugyf;cofch;N. iof;pmuf;tAefpSif:wgef;vlif

'mh,ymh:rkef:vSif: cof rD:bl,xSif;eguf;rdlif: uj;pdkoftefoj;eef.cj;bof./ 'mh,ymh: uj.ukef,qgrf: ul;rdlif:rdlif: trf,eef oef:

vdkef: rdlof:ej;rj: tefvlof,oh. iof;pmuf;tAefpSif:wgef;vlif 'mh,ymh:rkef:vSif:ydlif:O[ ykef.rdlif:pof: qdlof:eh. ch;P;cdkef:

yguf;cdkef:rj: aOurf: eh ymh:eyf. vgif;ydlifeh.auj; vh;q[.wdkof: acj;rmhydlif e[:acj;xmrf ykef.ulef:bl,eguf;rdlif: cj;bof./

14/ acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh wSwf;eSwf;vDbof. eh wrf:q[vmwf;vh; qdlof.eif,pdkofcj;?

e[:umefvlif 'mh,acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmheh. rD:oh. vguf;vmh:ydlifpAwf:Omif; rD:v[ydlif ykef.P;rD:qef. rD:zgef:vDeef.

bl,bof./ rD:wgef;vrf,vgif; tefedkif;eh. yAef zdkef;pmif;zSef,uGmuf;vdef tefwduBvD ykef. zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh

tefref: tofykef.zgef: aOsv; uAyf:e[: uGmuf;vdefeh. cj;bof./ e[: zdkef;pmif;zSef,uGmuf;vdef eh. yj: rkif.apjNdef:

100-150 Ndef: aObof. uj;wD; omef;eguf;ej:ymif,eef. rkif.apjNdef: awat, aOeh. cj;bof./ rdlefeif,eh rdlof;

tef sz wdkwf.pmif; zdkef;pmif;zSef,vdef eef. yh,P;vdlof yh,P;bgrf: P;wduBvDvD aO awtrf,P;vh;Ogef.uef?

aw trf,vh;yAef tefoj; wluf:bgwf.oh.bof. eh vh;oh.OwD.aOsv; pAwf:umef wdkwf.pmif;zSef,vdefbl,bof./

umef xSif;qef.edkif;eh. qrf. yAefvgif;zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhcofbl,cj;/ eifpdkof awvh;tdifydkif; tj:ulof:cofvh; eef. vh;

pAwf: ymifOgefaObof. vh;zdkuf:tof vDvDcj;atj;/ aOeh.ulnf: trf,uj: awvh;yAef ulef:tefbl, e[:yguf:e[:'mh,?

e[:omef;e[:Olef tefref: awvh;uAyf:eef.sv; awvh;N.ygif, acj;uGmrf: e[:omefcofvmwf; eef.cj;atj;/ vh;Ogef

yef acj;rmhydlif e[:zdkef;vguf:ydlifeef. P;zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhcof vlif.vSif:vDvDcj;atj;/ tefcof awxmrf acj;xmrf


ueef. qgif, zl,wgyf,acj;xmrfeef. N.vDvD ygif,vSif: pdkof:eh vh; cmwf;tsu: cofbl,bof./ acj;xmrfeh.ulnf:

cdkef:ydef, xmrfcdkef: wmif,acj; eif,pdkofcof ayj:awN.ygif, qSif;vSif:vDvD eef. qif,vh;Ogefyef qdlif.ehatj;/

zl;xwf:OAef; Omhrmh qdlof:eef.Orf. vh;xwf:OAef;OmhrmhaObof. ayj:rD: acj;zdwf:eif,qdkif; vh;sr:yef

urf:vAofcj;/ e[:yguf. e[:omef eef. rD: auj,rD,wD,OAef;Omhrmhsv; auj,rD,wD,eh. vh;tof ykef.zgef: quf:umef

uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh trf,uj: vh; Mif.ulef:e[:omef qkwkrfuefaO Oyf.vSif:yef ulef:e[:omef P;ayj:

ygif,vSif:oh.vDvDeef. cj;bof./ acj;rkef:OAef; Omhrmh P;ayj: rmef,rSef; qdkof;q[; wSwf;eSwf;vD eef. awvh;N.

uj;e[:umef Ogifydlif tefedkif; yAef'mh,pmif;pSef: sv; xSif;tefedkif; 'mh,qgh;urf. vgif;quf:umef eh.cj;bof./ e[:umef

ydlifvlifqdlof:eh. awqj.tof 'mh,pmif;pSef: zdkef vguf:ydlif? pAwf:ymifOgefykef. zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh sv;

zl;xwf:OAef;Omhrmhcof? qefwdkwf.pmif;zSef,vdef? qmrf:uAyf: OAef;Omhrmhwlnf:(rdlof; 2013eD; vdlefat,zISof,vf)

xmrfawj,ej; (tdef,xj,yBL:)? wSrf;rmh acj;rmhuBmrf:(pAwf:qImif:) eef.cj;bof./ olef.Omif xwf:wlnf: uj;e[: acj;rmhydlif

tefqmrf:uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh rj:eef. aObof. cdkef:vh; pmif;pSef: zdkefvguf:ydlif uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:)

eef.cj;atj;/ vh;pmif;pSef: ykef.wj, erf.wgef: wdlof:vh; vDvD e[:rdlof;tef uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh sv; xwf:Omif wSrf;rmh

acj;rmhydlif(pAwf:qImif:) qdlof:eef.cj;bof./

e[:umef vhm'mh, vmhqef.qdlof:eh. vh;bgef:wmif:qgh;xSrf ydif,nj,Odef,(ulef:uwf:) rdlif:eguf;cj;atj;/ cofqof; rj:yef

'mh,qD.Oif, se vguf:vmh: ymh:umefuAyf:OAef;Omhrmh eh. sv; e[:ej;umefvlif(umefuAyf:OAef;Omhrmh ? umefxwf:Omif

OAef;Omhrmh)eh. qgif,rSef;qgrf: qef.xmef; ul;rdlif:rdlif: tef ydif,nj,Odef,cof rD:oh.ydlifwSuf; eef.pj:eh cofvh;xwf:

wlnf:qgrf: umef vhm'mh, vmhqef.eef. cj;atj;/ rdlof; 2013eD; e[:NofyDeef. qgrf:eif, vlifygif;qdkif;

rdlif:rBmef,rj,pof: bgef:rj:eef.sv; vh; cgwf,zgwf; qkrf:zl;vlif.vSef, yefvguf:vmh: OAef;Omhrmh ul;rdlif:rdlif: cj;atj;/

qkrf:eh. Mif.oj;( International Technical Advisory Board (ITAB) )ehcj;/ qkrf:(ITAB)eh.

rD:zl;vlif.vSef, ulef:uwf:(15)auj. cj;atj;/ umefydlifvlif ykef.zgef:qkrf:(ITAB)eh.qdkif; vh;y[.wlnf:?

qgrf:xwf:Omifwlnf: umefuAyf: OAef;Omhrmh ul;qef.qef. tduf;yj: vh;pyf.cmrf,tof vgif;tefoj; ykef.zgef:

umefOAef;Omhrmhwif:OAif; rD:edlofNofrj, vlifygif;qdkif;rBmef,rj, eh.bof. ehcj;atj;/ qkrf:(ITAB)cof quf:umef

qD.Oif,yef e[:umef OAef;Omhrmh ul;qef. cj;atj;/ qkrf:(ITAB)cof vh;xwf: olef.Omifwlnf: yyf.Ogef?

clof:cgifurf.vmh:Ogef? pmif;zSef,vdef qdlof:eh. qgif,cdkwf: qef.xmef; ul;rdlif:rdlif: pj:eh aObof. vh;qgh;xSrf P;cdkwf:

qef.xmef; eh.cj;atj;/

rD:qkrf:vgrfvAyf;pAef: tefrD:(46)auj.? yj:qgrf: ulef:rdlif:

eguf;sv; ulef:e[:rdlif:? vh;vlif:uGj, vAyf;pAef:wlnf: uj;wD;

e[:omef; e[:clif, rdlof;tef zl;xmrf:umefcof pAwf:umefuAyf:OAef;

Omhrmh wif:rdlif: ul;cdif,ul;bmrf: eef.cj;atj;/ qkrf:vAyf;pAef:

vh;wlnf: zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhcof xmrf e[:zdkefvguf:ydlif?

pAwf:pdkofxmrf? xmrfOifvmhvmhqdlof:eh. vh;cdkef: rmhtof qkMrfaO

wmif,seyef ulef:rdlif:cj;atj/ vduf;zdkefeh. ykef.ulef:rdlif:

P;vh; vlpAef:wlnf:eh vh;ydkeftguf,rj:cj;bof./


qgrf:eif, cofqof; vgrfvAyf;pAef: xwf:wlnf: acj;rkef:vuf:xmefaO seoj; umefuAyf:OAef;Omhrmh eh.

pAwf:qgrf: rmhydlif ref:vDvDbl,cj;? acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmhauj; vh;rj:vDvDbl, eh cj;atj;/

acj;wD;Okwf.eh.Orf. ayj:pAwf:qImif:bof. rmhwSrf; acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlifbof.qdkif awpAwf:umef wmif:tef cdkef:xwf:

olef.Omifwlnf:bl,atj;/ bgef._wgef: acj;rmhydlifqdlof:eh. yAefvh;sw. bl,pj:eh awvh; xwf:Omif olef.Omifbl,

trf,uj: tofacj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif tefvh;rj:xSif; wmif,wD; aOsv; vh;wSuf;wlnf: xwf:wlnf: vmhyguf; vmhurf:cj;atj;/

15/ uj;e[: ymifvlduf;uAyf: 2015eD;eh. awq[.wdkof: acj;rmh acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh bl,pj:

trf,q[.wdkof:vh;cj;/ rmhcSyf:umifq[ qdkif; pAwf:qImif: zl;wgwf;umifq[ tefyAefulef: Omif,xkuf,wArfxlrf; yAefauj.v[

yAefzl;v[eh seoh. wdwduBuBbl,cj;/ OAef;OmhrmhOrf. yAefauj.v[ zl;v[ tefoj;eef. trf,vmwfyef Odlif,oh.yef

acj;rmhydlifref: Nrf,oh.vlrf;vlrf;bl,cj;/ ugyf;eh OAef;Omhrmheh. trf,rmhpAwf:yef rmhcSyf:umifq[cj;/ ulnf:uj; acj;rkef:OAef;

Omhrmheh. wSuf;seyefvh; erf.wgef: ymifvdluf;uAyf: rD:qef.xmef bl,pj:eh cj;/ eh.ulnf:trf,uj: ykef.wj,aw

pmif;pSef: umef ymifvlduf;uAyf: (ydlif;wSuf;- Nif:ymifvdluf;uAyf: awvh;pAwf:vmhNif:? awvh;oh. zl;y[.Nif:ymifvdluf;uAyf: vmhauj.)

eh awqgh;yefvh; acj;rmhuBmrf: qdlif.eif,ehbl,cj;/

16/ acj;rmh acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh eh. urf.qgh;yef cSyf:umifq[PR(proportional representative- PR rJpepf)

vguf:vmh:wgwf;cSyf:umifq[ wmifwlofrSef;tcBLof: eh. P;yAefrj:vh;bl,pj:

trf,urf.qgh;yefvh;cj;/ rmhcSyf:umifq[PR qdkif; qkrf:yj,wD,ymh:rdlif:cof pAwf:qImif: tcBLof:cSyf:umifq[ tefeyf.edlof

zl;wgwf;umifq[ulef: 'mh,wgwf;ykef. yj,wD,cofaOsv; cof trf,eyf.tmef,qgrf: ulef:aqoAif: tmif,omef; wif:OAef;

cj;/ ugyf;eh trf,uyf:umh,vlnf;wif: OAef;Omhrmheh. cj;/ zj,vD,rmef,(vkwf.awj,)e[:rdlif: wSyf:wwf:oh. vguf:vmh:

wgwf;cSyf:umifq[ rAof:v[auj;? acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh eh. trf,qgrf:urf.qgh; tefv[? qgh;trf,vh;cj;/


17/ rdlof; 2008eD; rdlof;tof umifq[ulef:rdlif: ykef. yuf:ydlifrmhrD;qdkif;rdlif: eef. ykdefcmof,oh.oj; Nofeyf.ulef: e[:rdlif:

wif:OAif;rD: (57)vmef.ehcj;/ rdlof;vAof; acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh 2014eD; eh.Orf. rD:(51)vmef.ulnf: eheef. qgif,

rD:acj;uGmrf: vmwf; vgif;ySuf,ydlif; Ogef,tefeh.cj;/

yDegif.ulef:rdlif:pof: vlof,N.oh. vgif; Nofeyf.ulef:rD:(57)vmef. tefoj;eef.? tdifedlof OAef;Omhrmh 1983eD; aOsv;

cdkef:wlnf: ulef:udkwf,? ulef:wmh edkif;yD rD:uj;pdkof? ulef:cmh.tgif;wD;bl,rD:uj;pdkof rD:uj;pdkofehaOsv; cdkef:vmrf:cdkyf;

eyf.tof Nofulef:ulnf:cj;atj;/ rdlof;tof umifq[ulef:rdlif: ykef. yuf:ydlifrmhrD;qdkif;rdlif: eef.Orf. ydkefcmof,yef Nofeyf.

ulef:rj:eef. yAef Nofeyf.zl;wgwf;cSyf:umifq[ (auj.tOmuf;wArf? auj.Omif,xkuf, wgwf;umifq[) eef.bl,bof./ e[:

qImif:eef. yj:qgrf: ulef:tguf,uGj,bl, eguf;rdlif:bl,cj;/ rdlof;vAof cdkef:bgrf:oh. qdlof.eif,pdkof tefoj;eef. ugyf;

ruf.rmh'mh, udkwf,vkuf;vmif: eh. at,oh.ehcj;/ uj;e[: OAef;Omhrmh uAyf:qmrf:wlnf:(Pilot Census)2013eD; sv;

acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh 2014eD; eh. sevgif; pmif;zmifNofeyf.ulef: vSuf;vmh;rj:? yAeftef vrf,vgif; ydlifvlif

oh.bof.ehatj;/ pmif;zmifNofeyf.ulef: ydIrdqf.( pyramid )w[;wdef vlof,b[,uGmif;oh.eef. rdlof;vAof trf,q[;bof.?

uSyf;rj:aO vSuf;vmhuGj,bof./ yAef bgef.ydlof; ruf.rmh'mh,ulef:udlef:? udkwf,vkuf;vmif:(the population growth rate)

eh. bgrf:at,oh.sw.sw.? yAeftef xmif,Oj:oh. ehcj;/ vgif;eh. vDwgif:oh. ymh:N. tef eyf.tmef, Ogef,wguf; Nof

ulef: qgrf:eif, ruf.rmh'mh,ulef:udlef: uof,uof,eef. trfvh; vj:vj:ehcj;/ ugyf; Nofeyf.ulef: tefvmrf:cdkyf;rj:eef.

vldefylef.uGj,? erfvdlef tefyAefsw. rD:sw.sw.eh. bl,cj;bof./

ayj:edkifrj: 2015eD; vdlefar, rdlof; iof;acj;rkef: OAef;Omhrmh tguf,rj:eef. awvh;N. wSwf;eSwf;vDvD vgif;

Nofeyf.ulef: tefvmrf:cdkyf;rj:eef. sv; wif: Nofeyf.ulef:rD:bl,sw.sw. qif,eh. ydlifuefoh. ujpdkof eh cj;bof./

ulnf:uj; ayj:wSuf;wlnf: uj;e[: zdkefwmif,se Nofej; acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh 2014eD; sv; Nofeyf.ulef: tefvmrf:cdkyf;

eyf.tmef, qgrf:eif, ruf.rmh'mh,ulef:udlef: uof,uof,eef. ydlif;uefoh. bgrf:oh.bl,cj;/ rdlof;tefawtof umifq[ulef:rdlif:

'mh,ymifvdluf;uAyf: wmif,cdkef; zl;ugef:rdlif: tefr[,eh. awydkefcmof,yef Nofeyf. zl;wgwf;cSyf:umifq[ (auj.tOmuf;wArf?

auj.Omif,xkuf, wgwf;umifq[) eef.bl,? tefq[ Nofeyf.ulef:OAif;OAif;cj;/

e[: qImif:eef. yj:qgrf: ulef:tguf,uGj,bl, eguf;rdlif:

oh.cj;/ uj;e[: OAef;Omhrmheh. trf,uAyf:yj: ulef:tef

tguf,uGj,bl, eguf;rdlif:cj;/ uAyf:tof ulef:tef bl, e[:

vSefvdef rdlif:rBmef,rj,eh. vmhvmhulnf:cj;/


wgef;ydlif ulef:cof;yj: OAef;Omhrmh

18/ e[:rdlof;tef ydkefcmof, acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh rj:bof.eef. awpAwf:pdkof P; ulef:bdif:cof cof;yj:qgrf:

rdlof;pAwf:umef OAef;Omhrmh umefwif:vlif wif:OAif;? ul;cdif,ul;bmrf: eef. ulef:bdif:cof yj:qgrf: ej;umef;vlif? wD;tef

trf,rD: trf,yAef eef.bof./ zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh urf.erfyAef ulef:bdif:cj;atj;/ qkrf:ar;bdif:'mh,wlif,odlif:ulef: cof

cof;yj:qgrf: e[:umefOAef;Omhrmh ul;qef. aOsv; uj;e[: auj,rD,wD,'mh,qD.Oif,(e[:rdlif:) ykef.umefOAef;Omhrmhauj; yj:

qgrf: ulef:bdif:cofcj;atj;/ rdlof;tef ydkef,cmof, acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmheef. eifpdkof ulef:rdlif: awqAof:wdlof:N.vh;eef.

qkrf:sr;bdif:cof tab:b[,oh.bof. cofrD:ykef.zgef: wj,awuyf:Odkkyf,ulef:rdlif:aO ch;seyef vgif;acj;rkef:

OAef;Omhrmh eh.bl,bof./ ulef:bdif:cof tofacj;rmhuBmrf: e[:acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmheh. aOsv; awyefvh;vgif;ch;q[

ykef.ej;umef 'mh,ymh:rkef:vSif:ydlif:O[? ymh:vgif;bl,vD udefomef? ymh:ydif,nj,wif:N.? ymh:vgif;vh; erf.udefvD?

qdlof:eef.cj;bof./ e[:acj;rkef: OAef;Omhrmheh. rD:cmof, rD:wmif:ykef. ulef:bdif:cof vgif;ymh:bl,vD? vgif;udkwf,vkuf;

udkwf,vmif:? 'mh,ydif,nj,ulef:bdif:? 'mh,umefimef: ykef.ulef:bdif:cof qj.uGj,qdlof:eh. seoh.OAif;OAif;bl,cj;/

19/ qkrf: 'mh,wlif,oldif:ulef: auj; cof;yj:qgrf:vh; 'mh,v[cj;?

uj;wD;e[:omef; e[:clif,pof:eef. ulef:wif:erf eyf.brfoh. tefyAef qkrf:'mh,wlif,odlif:ulef: sv; qkrf:'mh,vgif;vD

vgif:qj.e[:omef, tofykef.zgif: Oyf.vSif:yef vgif;tSef:tmef: bdlif:rmh sv; acj;rmhuBmrf: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh uj;wD;

ulef:omefpof: P; N.qSif;vSif:vDrj:eef. cj;atj;/ e[:cmof:bmrf: tefvAofeh. acj;rmhuBmrf: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh qD.se

yefvh; wgef;zgef:vD umefomef;umefOlef ykef. rkef:vSif: cdkef;b[, r[,Okif rj:eef.cj;bof./ awseyefvh;

tgif;wD; tefvlof,oh.udef:udef: wj,awpAwf:Omif;yef 'mh,rkef:vSif:ydlif:O[eef.cj;bof./ vgif;eh.auj; rD:oh. acj;rmh

uBmrf:ydlif tef vlof, tkyf,uefwif: zl;ugef:omef; ykef. 'mh,rkef:vSif: uj;wD;eef.bl,bof./


wmif:tef cyf: xmrf acj;xmrf OAef;Omhrmh uj;wD;ulef:rdlif:

20/ ugyf;Oifsv; zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh trf,xmrf acj;xmrf wif:OAif; e[:tefrD:(41)acj;eef./

uj;e[: zdkefvguf:ydlifeef. acj;xmrf rmif;acj; uyf:umh,vlnf; ulef:bdif:ulnf: trf,eef uyf:umhvlnf; tj,bktOmuf;

eef.cj;/ tefvlof,xmrfwD; tOmuf; bif:ekrf,pmif:ref:? ulef:vlifpmif:ref:ehcj;/ acj;xmrf rmiftef tdifoh. bl,wD;

zl;wgyf, wgyfrj: ]]q[;bof.}}? ]]trf,q[;}} eef.sv; awvh; cdkef:Odkyf,xmrfxSif;bleh? rmiftefOrf. trf,vlof,

xmrfbof.? cmrf;uGj,xmrfwmifrAof: qdlof.ehcj;/ ydlif;wSuf; - ulef:wmhuGj, rdlof;ylef.rj: e[:(12)vdlefeh. tefoj;eef. awvh;

cdkef:xmrfxSif; tOmuf;ulef:wmh eef.cj;/ ref:yAef ulef:bdif: uyf:umh,vlnf: tOmuf;(15-49) rdlof;zgif:ref: ukdwf,vkuf;

vmif:pj:/ ref:wmhuGj, bgwf.ydlof; wmif:bl,vD trf,wArfxlef;? 'mh,bluf:bj,auj; trf,vh;vD? trf,rD:bj;bj pj:ehatj/

21/ ulef:Nof e[: ymh:bkrf,zj,Oj, sv; rkefqof;cof eyf.tmef, qdlif.eif,pdkofcj;?

rdlof; 2014eD; vdlefrwf.cBf (29)crf; wAif;cdkef:? cdkef:OAef;Omhrmh(Census Night)eef. eyf.tmef, uAyf:tof

OAef;Omhrmh (qImif:wAif;cdkef:)Nofulef: apjNdef:_Nif: cj;/ ulef:auj.eef. ref: zAof;wD;v[? bl,wD;v[auj.

cof;qImif:wD;eef.cj;/ uj;wD; e[:wyf.Odkuf.? e[:ugBif:rkefqof;? e[: cguf;xgif, qdlof:eef. xmrf acj;xmrf rdlefeif,

uj;wD; Ndef:ulef: trf,vh;cj;/ ydlif;wSuf; - wD;Ndef:eh. rD:vkuf.cmef: vmhtefeh rAof:eh. trf,vh;cj;/ ulnf:uj;

vh;xmrfrmh,tof acj;xmrf rdlefqdlif.eif, vlof,xmrfuj;wD; ulef:rdlif:auj.edkif eef. vh;xmrf ul;acj; ul;urf:cj;atj;/

22/ uofcj; bl,uj;wD; Nif:(tOgif,)tefedkif;cj;/ ulef:Ndef: vmwf;oj; wgyf,yef acj;xmrf ykef.cj;bof. oj;ehsv;

uofcj; trf,wgyf,yef zdkef;acj;rmhydlif? trf,yefqdkof;OAif wD;eef.qdkif; qgrf,rSef; qgrf; rmhydlif OAef;Omhrmhcj;/

ulef:edkif;auj. cmrf,wmif:tef uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh Ogif;yguf;qdkif; zdwf:bof.cj;/ rmhydlif OAef;Omhrmhsw. ygif,vSif:vDbl,cj;/

rdlof; 2014eD; vdlefrwf.cBf (29)crf;? wAif;cdkef:(Census Night)eef. eyf.tmef, uAyf:tof OAef;Omhrmh

(qImif:wAif;cdkef:) Nofulef: apjNdef:_Nif: cj;/ ulef:auj.eef. ref: zAof;wD;v[? bl,wD;v[auj. cof;qImif: wD;eef.cj;/

ydlif;wSuf; - crf uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh eef. Olqof; rD:bl, uj;wD; Nif:(tOgif,)tefedkif;qdkif; Olqof; rD:Okef,vh;


(tcGmif;vh;) O[,qdkof;OAif; uj;e[: zdkefvguf;ydlif ykef.tOgif, eef.cj;atj;/ trf,vh;O[,qdkof;OAif; uj;e[: rkif.apjNdef:

Olqof;eef./ Oif;oj; cmrf,wmif:tef uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh uj;wD; ulef:Ndef:rD:qgrf:? uj;e[:rkif.apjNdef:eef. zdwf:ydlifuGj,

ugyf;trf,ygif,vSif:vD eef.cj;bof./

wmif:zdwf: wmif:ydlif; qdlof.eh bmrf;zdwf:qgrf: OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:) ul;tefcj;/ ulnf:uj; bgef.ydlof;

vh;uAyf:tof Nofulef: tmef,vmef.ref:sv; trf,rD:vgif; wdluf;cdluf; uAof,cgif; zgef:vD acj;rkef: OAef;Omhrmh vh;cj;/

23/ e[:rkif.apjNdef:Olqof; rD:ulef:qkwf.bgrf:bl,pj:eh ugyf;Oifsv; vh;xmrfqdlof.eif,eh cj;?

acj;rmhuBmrf: uyf:umhvlnf; ulef:qkwf.bgrf: uj;e[: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh eef. urf.qgh;yef ykef.wj,wrf:omif: pAwf:rmhydlif

vgif;wmif:tef wj,aw sp.prf;? vkrf:vj:vlwlnf: ulef:qkwf.bgrf: qdlof:eef. cj;atj;/

24/ yDumh e[: rkif.apjNdef:pof:cj; rD:ulef:wmh bl,pj:eh ugyf:Oifav; xmrfrj:qdlif.eif,eh cj;/

vh;N.vgif;wmif: ulef:wmh e[:rkif.apjNdef: ul;tefbof. qif,N.vh; vgif;ulef:wmhrD:ujpdkof e[:qdkif;rdlif:pof:ehbof./

eh.ulnf:trf,uj: vh;N.qgrf: e[:aqoAif: e[:yguf; e[:tmif,omefpof: yDumh rD:ulef:wmh ujpdkofeheef. wmif,wD;wmifvSef

wmif,oAif: ydlif;uefoh. uj;pdkofehcj;/ ugyf;Oifsv; ulef:wmh rguf;eh. eh ydif,nj,Odef, 'mh,Nofulef:cof aw olef.Omif

xwf:wlnf: vmrf:cdkyf;wlnf:vh; bof.cj;/ acj;rmhuBmrf: ydlifeh. urf.qgh;yef ykef.wj,wrf:omif: pAwf:rmhydlif vgif;'mh, bl,vD

udefomef e[: tdlif,omef; pof:cj;atj;/ e[:rdlif:rBmef,rj,eh. rmif;wD; rmif;omef; vgif;xmrf vgif;ulef:wmheh. xmrfbmyf,oh.

bgef.ydlof; cof rD:oh. 'mh,bdef,si;cof eef.cj;/ ayj:eh acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif vgif; ulef:wmheh. awtrf,rmef,rSef;vh; ehyAef

qdlof.ehbl,cj;/ ulnf:uj; ydif,nj,Odef, 'mh,Nofulef:cofeh. coftofacj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif teftrf,rmef, eef. aOsv; cdkef:

eyf.tmef, Ogef,wguf; vmrf:cdkyf; P;cdkef: rmef,rSef;rj: vDvDbl,cj;/ vguf:vmh:wguf;tof qdlif.eh? ydif,nj,Odef,

'mh,Nofulef:cof vh;zdkuf: Ogeftofrj:vDvD cj;bof./ ugyf;eh tefvh;rj: acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh qdlof:eh. wrf:q[bkrf,brf

q[.wdkof:vh; e[:wmif:tef wj,aw wSyf:wwf. vgif;umef vmh,qdlof.vmhrAof: eef.bl,cj;/

25/ ugyf;Oifsv; zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhcof urf.erf yAefarjOgefoh.vj,? Mif.tofcof qgrf:eif, cofrD: rmhydlifOif cj;/

zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhcof awvh;rD: qef.ydif,nj, trf,Okiftrf,wSrf, aOsv; wdwf:awj, vmwf;qj;qgrf: ulef:rdlif: vh;

eef.cj;atj;/ rmhydlif qdlof:eh. arjOgefNif:pAef:cof rD:oh. ul;auj.bl,cj;/ cofawvh; xmrf acj;xmrf P;qyf:acj;ref:

vDvD cj;/ ayj:bof. acj;wgyf, tefv[ zdwf:oh. cdkef:awvh;xmrf qdlif.eif,pdkofeh cofawvh; vlif.vSif: N.oh.vDvDcj;/

uj;e[: vkrf;'j. ul;rdlif:rdlif:eh. vdluf;uAyf:tof arjOgefcof tgefwmif: P;vh;yAef zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmheh cj;bof./ ulef:rdlif:

N.quf:cof? eyf.brfcof bl,cj;/ eh.ulnf:trf,uj: cofN.ygif,aO cdkef:vmwf;vh; uGmrf:vmwf; e[:omef e[:yguf;cof

eef.cj;atj;/ rmhydlif qdlof:eh. qgh;urf. P;vh; uAyf:tof OAef;Omhrmh tef rmef,rSef; wSwf;eSwf;vDeef. cj;bof./


26/ ugyf;Oif zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhcof q[.wdkof:urfpSif;cj;? omh:rj: trf,cdkef:sr: acj;rmhydlif eh qgif,tjrj.cmrfbl,pj:/

e[:vkrf'j. ul;rdlif:rdlif: q[.wdkof: urfpSif;ulnf:cj;/ e[:wmif:tef tofqmuf; wD.tofiof:pmifwlofvduf; acj;rmhuBmrf:eef.

uj;e[: zdkefvguf;ydlif tefuAyf:rj:eef. awvh; rlwf:O[ sv; qdkef;vD oh.ehqif, qmuf;qif,wD.tofvh;cj;/ rdlof;xmrf

aO wSrf;xSrfO[,eef. qmif;arjzdwf: vguf:tgif;wD; ref:cj;? qmif;wSrf;P; wlofvduf;zdwf: auj;yAefcj;/ Oifq[.wdkof:

urfqdkrf:qdkif wlofzdwf:qdlof:eh. sr:bmyf, trf,sr:vh;bof.cj;/ vh;cdkef:tof zdkef;vguf:ydlif tefr[,aO vh;cdkef:rmhwSrf;

Nofaw:ref:bl,aOwj. zdkefvguf:ydlifeef. uj;cefref:uj;sv; yAeftefySwf;vmh vkOkrf:bof.? eh.ulnf:trf,uj:

cmof:bmrf:auj; Okrf:qgrf:cj;/ zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh cofeh. yAefulef:e[:omef e[:yguf;cof tefcofvh;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh eef.

atj;/ ugyfeh cofN.vgif;bdef,si; e[:omefeef.vl, eh.ulnf:trf,uj: cofN.ygif,aO cdkef:vmwf;vh; uGmrf:vmwf; e[:omef

e[:yguf;cofbl,cj;bof./

eh.ulnf:trf,uj: zl;xwf:OAef;Omhrmhcof vh;vAyf:pAef:oh. vguf:vmh:xwf:(analysis method)P;pefvh; acj;rmhuBmrf:

zdwf:ydlif; tefP; wdlof.cdluf; acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh qdlof:eef. cj;atj;/ ulef:uwf: xwf:OAef;Omhrmheh.qdkif cofvAyf;

pAef:rj: wmif:pdkif rD:oh. tef,NofOdyf:yDref: bof.sv; vguf:vmh:ydlif acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh awvh;rD:oh. yAefoh.

qdlof.eif,pdkof tefoj;eef. N.xj;oh. cj;bof./ bgwf;ydlof;oj; acj;rmhuBmrf:zdwf:eef.sv; acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh

ydlif;uGj,bof.eh cofqof; N.vh;vDvDcj;/ coftof vguf;vmh:ydif,nj, qef.Okiftefeh.aOsv; irf:umef OAef;Omhrmheh.

P;vh;rD: zgef:vD uj;e[: acj;rkef:OAef; Omhrmheh.bl,bof./ tof ydif,nj, vguf:vmh: qef.Okif xSif;wmif,rAof: aO

xwf:Omif vh;bl,cj;/ q[.wdkof:tof vguf;vmh:ydif,nj, qef.Okif(highly technical ways)qdlof:eh.aO Omif;pAwf:

umefOAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:) e[:rdlif:rBmef,rj, eh. bl,bof./

27/ Oifoj; tefoj;oh. awOdlif,Nrf,oh. yef acj;rmhuBmrf: OAef;Omhrmh eheef.? pwf:Oifsv; zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhcof

Orf.cdkef: xmrftof qdkof;OAif ulef:Ndef: uj;e[: rkif.apjNdef:eef. wif:OAif; cj;/

xmrfqdkof;OAif tefoj;eef. P;imh;q[ ykef. zl;uAyf: OAef;Omhrmhcof rdlof;tefuAyf: OAef;Omhrmheef. cj;bof./ yAefzl;v[

yAefulef:qdlof.pdkof eh tefvlof, vmwf;seyefcj;/ rdlof;tef xmrftof vgif; tj,bktOmuf;? vgif;ymh:N.vduf;vmh:

eheef. vh;wSrf;qgrf: qdkof;OAif auj.v[ auj.eef.cj;/ vgif;qdlof:eh. yh,P; tguf,uGj,wmif:eguf; wmif,wD;wmif,vSefeef.

vh;pAwf:oh. ymh:Nrf,vlrf;yef cj;atj;/ rdlof;tefeyf. acj;rmhuBmrf:eef. trf,eyf.yj: qdkof;OAif;cj;/ rdlof;tef

tofacj;rmhuBmrf: qdlof:eef.aO O[,cof;e[: tgif;wD; aw,wj,ugrf,yBL,wdlof,(data files)eef. trf,O[,yj: qdkof;OAif;cj;/

28/ ugrf,yBL,wdlof, sv; qmuf;wD.iof:pmif;wlofvduf;(scanner)qdlof:eh. pAwf:qdkof.eif,pdkofaO vdluf;tof

ykef. xwf:Omif; acj;rmhuBmrf:ydlif OAef;Omhrmh eef.cj;/

UNFPA cof yAefqkrf:tef qgh;xSrf; tgefNof ymh:vdluf;tof qmuf;qdlof:eh. cj;bof./ Mif.tof qkrf:ukrf,yeD,qof;qmuf;

ul;rdlif:rdlif: P;rj:sc.cAif, wmif:cmhqmuf;cof rdlefqdlof.eif, ul;rdlif:rdlif: pAwf:eef. cj;atj;/ 'mh,cdlif;qmuf;vDuj;pdkof?

uyf:umh,vlnf; vguf:vmh:ydif,nj,OAef;Omhrmheh. q[.wdkof:vh; rguf;uj;pdkofykef.? tdifedlof qdlof:eh.aO e[:urf,'j,eh. ukrf,yeD,

tefv[auj; rj:sc.cAif, wmif,se zdkefvduf; bgef:cmh cdlif;qmuf;cof vh;bl,cj;/ vh;vdluf;tof qgrf:eif, cefqmuf;? qmuf;

tefvD? vmh:Ogefvguf:vmh:wdkof:? urf.qgh;vh;umefpof: rguf;uj;pdkof ehcj;bof./ Oifoj; qmuf;vkvSofeh cofawtof

ykef.zgef: sr:yefpj: ehauj; wlnf:yj:cj;/ qmuf;eh. pAwf:rdlif:v[eh trf,q[; ydlifvlifcj;/


29/ uj;wD; vSefvdef qkrf:urf cdlifugif;umif, qdlof:eef.auj; uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh bl,pj:?

vlifygif;qdkif; sv; rl,qkrf: qdlof:eh. pAwf:ymifukrfaO vh;umifq[rj: wj,aw uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh e[: tdlif,vSefvdefcof

eef.atj;/ rmif;wD; wD;tefrD: tdwf:tgef,eef. trf,uAyf:rj:vh;cj;/ bgef.ydlof; trf,rD: 'mh,Nrf,vlrf;eef.cj;/

wD;tef trf,uAyf:vh; tgif.wD; qdkof;omef; auj; seyefoh. bl,cj;/ tgif.wD; tefuAyf:vh; OAef;Omhrmhrj: qdlof:eef.auj;

aw wmif,seyef uj;e[: zdkefwmif,se eef.bl,cj;/ e[:rdlif: wif:rdlif: uAyf:vh;rj: 'mh,zwf.zAif, rD:(98|) ceh. cj;/

30/ ulef:rdlif: tefbl, eguf;rdlif: sv; ulef:pAwf:umef tefcmh.tgif.wD; qdlof:eef. rmhuAyf:yj:bl, pj:?

OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:)eh.qdkif uAyf:tof Nofulef: apjNdef:_Nif: tefrD:bl, e[:rdlif:rBmef,rj,eh. e[:cmof:bmrf:

cdkef:OAef;Omhrmh(census night)-wAif;cdkef: eef.ulnf:cj;/ ulef:rdlif: tefbl,eguf;rdlif:(cmofvh;tcGmif. tguf,uGj,bl,

eguf;rdlif: auj;bof. trf,rD:tcGmif. tguf,uGj,bl, eguf,rdlif:auj.bof.)? yAefz[auj; trf,yj:e[: OAef;Omhrmheh.cj;/

31/ OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:) tefqmrf:uAyf:rj: yDumh eef. rD:wgef; q[.wdkof:vh; uj;pdkof cj;?

rdlof; iof;OAef;Omhrmh trf,yh,uAyf: bif:vlof,oh. cmof:bmrf: edkif;yDvkrf:vkrf: qmrf:uAyf:tgefwmif: uj;wD;tefvlduf;oh.

tgif;wD;tef vgif;bdef,si; trf,rdlefuef? ySuf,ydlif;uefaO bl,qgrf:vlnf;uefqdlof:eef. cj;bof./ pAwf:qdlof.ehaO

uAyf:OAef;Omhrmhrj: eef.sv; vh;N.pefwlofxlyf: wmif:bmyf, tefawvh;xlyf: e[:umefuAyf:OAef;Omhrmh sw.sw.eef.

cj;atj;/ bof.auj; vh;N.rj: acj;xmrf tefv[ xkuf,vDxmrfbl,eh atj;/ uj;e[: pmif;zSef,vdef ykef. uGmuf;vdefuAyf:

OAef;Omhrmh qdlof:eef. rkif.apjNdef: wif:OAif; yj:bof.pj:? trf,yh,yj:pj:eh vh;wSuf;wlnf:aO pefrj:aq:aq:

bl,bof./ vh;rj: e[:umefqmrf: uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh vgif; acj;ydlifOgefwlof ykef.wj, Ogefyef e[:ymifOgef zl;uAyf:OAef;

Omhrmheef. acj;xmrf tefv[ Oif,xkuf,? awvh;sr: acj;xmrf tefv[ tefoj;eef. cj;atj;/ acj;wmif:edlofeh.

eef. q[.wdkof:Ogefyefvh;xSif; uj;e[: ymifyefwif:N. vgif;OAef;Omhrmh ykef.ulef:rdlif:eef. bl,cj;/ e[:rdlif:wif:rdlif:

vh;qmrf: uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh e[: aqoAif:(20)oAif: sv; rkif.apjNdef: (5000)Ndef: qrfqrf bl,cj;/


acj;xmrf; tef uyf:umh,vlnf; qmof:cdlof: sv; ymh:bkrf,(vgif;zj,Oj,)

32/ qmof:cdlof:tgef, rD:(135)cdlof:eh seyefrj: qdlif.ehcj;/ vgif;eh. uj;wD; vSefvdefrmif;wD; trf,vh;q[eh

vh;cmof,oh.cj;/ rmh qmof:cdlof: tefrD:wmif:edlofeh. trf,yh, ruf:ref;vh; bgef.ydlof; trf,q[ wmifwlof qmof:cdlof: aO pAwf:

acj;rmh qImif:oh. ehcj;/ ugyf;eh rD:acj;xmrf vgif;eh.bl,cj;/ Oifoj; uj;e[:qmof:cdlof:(135)cdlof:eh. trf,yj: qmof:cdlof:

zl;wgyf;acj;xmrf eh.aO zl;wgyf;auj.eh.Orf. trf,vmwf;se qmof:cdlof: wlofqof;uof,eh awpAwf:qdlof. pdkofcj;/

Oifoj; auj.eh. vmwf;se qmof:cdlof:zdwf: trf,eef zl;rmhehauj. rmhwSrf; zdwf: ehqdkif rdlof;tef vdluf;uAyf: zgif:vlif

ykef. aqrdlif: aqwdlif:wgef;vlif 'mh,qmof:cdlof: eh. aw pAwf: qldof.eif,pdkofcj;/

e[:rdlif:eh. rD:qmof:cdlof:tgef, (135)cdlof:eh tefoj;oh.qdlif.eh eef. ulef:wif:OAif; trf,vh;q[? trf,bdkefyAefoh.

qdlof.eh eef. N.oh. pyf.ohxj; bl,bof./ vlifygif;qdkif;auj; N.oh. wj,aw P;ulef:rdlif: vmwf;se wlofqof;uof, yAef

qmof:cdlof: tefv[eh aObof. awvh; ruf:ref;yef sw.sw.ej;ej; bl,bof.eh cj;atj;/ vlifygif;qdkif;sv;

ulef:vlif Nef:tgefNof e[:qmof:cdlof: ul;qmof:cdlof:cof awNrf;ygif:uefaO tofykef.zgef: ruf:ref;yef qmof:cdlof:

(135)cdlof: trf,eef ruf:ref; vdlefaOeh. aOsv; cdkef: wmif,se ulef:rdlif:aObof. pAwf:Omif;ruf:yef awj,ayj:

P; cof;omif,Twj: uGj,bl, tefoj;eef. cj;/ awvh; Nyf.xlyf: ulef:tgefNof e[:qmof:cdlof: ul;qmof:cdlof:cof? zl;wmifwdlofcof

aOsv; tofumifq[cof bl,cj;/ ayj:bof. awvh; wmif,cdkef; zj,vD,rmef,(vkwf.awj,) ykef.wj,aw ruf:ref;

awj,qlof; awj,ymefuGj, cj;bof./

OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:)eh. tefq[;oj; yAefydlifq[.wdkof:oh. wj,aw suvdwf; vgif;eh. trf,eef trf,q[;

blif,qmuf; ykef. pAwf:umef vgif;qmof:cdlof: P;ref;cdlif,eef.cj;/ OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:)eh. qdkif rdlof;tef szrl,

qmof:cdlof: aObof. vh;pefrj: vgif;tef qmof:cdlof:rD:erf rD:vmhqmof:cdlof: eh P; ayj,tguf, xmif,Oj:rj: eef. ulnf:cj;/

aw,tof tefoj; ulef:wif:OAif; trf,vh;q[? trf,bdkefyAefoh. qdlof.eif,eheef. aObof. ayj,tguf,rj: vgif;cgif.crf

eef.bof./ rdlof;vAof OAef;Omhrmh seyef P;pefvDvD vgif;ykef.zgef: wj,aw su;vdwf; ydlifcgif.crfeh. cj;bof./


vmwf;vh; wD;ygif, vgif;eh.xSif; tefoj; awvh; Oguf.pj, vguf:vmh tefwdlof:vDOkwf: ykef.suvdwf; ydlifcgif.crfeh.

bl,bof. eh OAef;Omhrmh zknf,yef Nofaw:ref:cj;bof./ ulnf:uj; acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh trf,yefvh; acj;rmhuBmrf: ydlif

tef su;vdwfvh; ydlifcgif.crf qdlof:eef.cj;/

uj;e[: OAef;Omhrmh eef. wSrf;rmhtof qmof:cdlof: tef zl;wgyf,acj;xmrf wgyf,vmwf;rj:eef. ulnf:cj;/ zl;wgyf,eh.qdkif

Okef,wlofref: ch;rD:e[: w[;qmof:cdlof: tefv[auj; P;ref: wSyf:wwf: pmif:ulnf:aO vmwf;seyefulnf:bof./

vh;rmhtof acj;rmhydlif qgrf:eif, rD:e[: zdkefvguf:ydlif eef.ulnf:cj;/ Oifoj; zgif:vlif 'mh,qmof:cdlof: rD:ydlif tefvlof,

wSyf:wwf:yef ehqdkif awvh; tdifedlof zl;wgyf,acj;xmrfcof wgyf,vmwf; rj:eef. ulnf:cj;/ wmif:tef wSrf;rmhrj:

eef. awrD: acj;zdwf:ydlif bl,aOwj.? uyf:umh,vlnf; qmof:cdlef:eh. uj;wD; 'mh,ej;ulef:wif:erfqdkif wmif:tef

wlnf:pefxdkif uj;edlof 'mh,qmof:cdlof: eh. trf,rdlefuef rD:oh. wif:erf rD:oh.vmhrAof:eh vgif;eh. seyefoh.bof.cj;/

wj,aw su;vdwf;vh; vgif;cgif.crf qmof:cdlof:eh. yAeftef vrf,vgif; ydlifb[,oh. crfq[crfacj:oh. bl,cj;bof./

rdlof; vlifygif;qdkif; rldif:rBmef,rj, wSyf:wwf: qdkof;qmof:cldof: wj,aw rmhO[,e[: zdkefvguf:ydlifeef.? vh;wlnf:wj,awtdif

rmhtof qmof:cdlof: tefrD:e[: rmhrD;qdkif;rdlif: rBmef,rj, eef.qdlif; rD:oh. qmof:cdlof: (135)cdlof: ulnf:cj;/ omh:vdkef: rdlof:ej;rj:

Oifoj; rD:qdkof;qmof:clof: tefr[,eh cdkef:wSrf;xSrf;O[, uj;e[: zdkefvguf:ydliftefr[, e[:ydlifqmof:cdlof:tefr[,

tefwj,aw uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh tefr[, tefawrj:xSif;eef. vh;bl,cj;/ rdlof;tef trf,yh,zSof wmif:tef ydkefcmof,

iof;acj;rkef: OAef;Omhrmh tefyAef wgef;(3)eef.? uyf:umh,vlnf;vgif; qmof:cdlof:eh. vlifygif;qdkif; sv; ulef:tgefNof

e[: zl;wmifwlofqmof:cdlof: ul;teftef xlyf:uef tkyf,ukrfuefaO wSyf:wwf: wmif,cdkef;edlof zj,vD,rmef,(vkwf.awj,)

aOsv; P;zj,vD,rmef,(vkwf.awj,) wSyf:wwf:yefvh;eef. cmh.oef:tef wj,awydkef,cmof, iof;acj;rkef:

OAef;Omhrmh auj;vh;bl,? wSyf:wwf:yef zl;quf:umef OAef;Omhrmh qdlof.ehauj; yAefvh;bl,cj;/

33/ uyf:umh,vlnf; 'mh,ymh:bkrf,(vgif;zj,Oj,) sv; vgif;'mh, qmof:cdlof: uj;wD; e[: aqrdlif:? aqwdlif:wgef;vlif? cISif,?

aqoAif: sv; tdlif,omef; eef. zl;v[ wSyf:wwf:? wSyf:wwf:qdlof.eif,pdkofcj;?

tefrD:oh. acj;rmhydlifwif:OAif; awydkefcmof,yef acj;rmhuBmrf: teftdifedlof ydlifOmif,xkuf,wrf:q[ eef.ulnf:bof./

ykef.wj,aw azj,erf.azj,wlof rmhcyf:zSef(qD,rmef,uAif:)v[? 'mh,rkef:vSif:ydlif:O[ uj;wD; e[:omef e[:clif,eef. vlof,

vh;N. acj;rmhuBmrf: ydlifyAefsw. vDvD bgh;bgh;bSrf:bSrf: cj;bof./ acj;rmhydlif rmif;rAof:sw. vlof,ykef. qef. aqrdlif:? aq

wdlif: wgef;vlif? cISif, wj,aw wrf:omif: yuf:ydlif(ayj,vOD)qdlof:eef. ulnf:cj;/ ydlif;wSuf;- erf.? 'h:'j.? vgif;bl,vD

udefomef qdlof:eh. vlof,oh. acj;rmhuBmrf: ydlifyAefsw. vDvD bgh;bgh;bSrf:bSrf: aOsv; q[.wdkof:vh; rdlof;tef wSyf:wwf:

umef wmif:pAwf: ul;vgif;vgif; ykef.ulef:omefeef. cj;atj;/ acj;rmhydlif rmif;tef rdlefeif, ymh:bkrf,(vgif;zj,Oj,) qdlof:

eh. sw. vlifygif;qdkif; aw wSyf:wwf: wj,aw ydkef,cmof,yef rguf; wgef;v[? ydlifv[ uj;pdkof eh cj;atj;/


34/ e[:wmif:tef uAyf:OAef;Omhrmheef. yAefOifsv; yefrmhuluf.(code)ykef. ulef:avj:sv: (eldof.vldwf;avj:oh.)

aObof. trf,bdkef,rmwf;cofcj;?

e[:OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:)eh. awO[,yj: ulef:avj:sv: eh olef:wlnf:qgrf:bl,cj;/ ulnf:uj; awvh;N.oh. vDvD

vgif;tefoj; OAef;Omhrmh eh. trf,q[;oj; tefeh. rD:ykef.zgef: wj,aw ruf:rmh qmof:cdlof: trf,eef yef rmhuluf.cofcj;/

yduf.Orf.oj; qdlof.ehauj; ulef:erfej, yAefulef:avj:sv: aOsv; ref:ch;yAef 'mh,ayj;? xSif;auj.edkif; cdkef: ch;yAef

'mh,sr;? eh.ulnf:trf,uj: auj.tefch;yAef qgrf:ayj;wif:sr; Ogif,'mh,auj; rD:bl,bof./ bgef.ydlof; vh;N.oh. vgif;qdlof:eh.

sv; auj.tef trf,ch;O[, qdkof; qmof:cdlof: tefrD:e[: (135)cdlof:eh.eef. qif,O[, w[; ]]wmif,cdlof:}} (rmhuluf. 914)eh

vlifygif;qdkif; vh;umifq[ qdlof.ehcj;bof./

qgrf:vlnf; ydlifyAefrj: ul;tef ul;rAof:eef. rD:oh. rmhuluf. pmif:z[ pmif:ref: aOsv; vh;xwf:wlnf: vgif;ulef:

avj:sv: cof vDvDbl,cj;/ umefyef rmhuluf.eh. pAwf:qImif:rdlof; trf,yh, ayj.O[, uj;e[: qmuf;ugrf,yBL,wdlof, eef.cj;

atj;/ qef.umef tefpAwf:yefvgif;eh. eef. vh;yef cmof:bmrf: pdkifej,sv; awj,xdkif 2015eD; pmifyD trf,eef

2016eD; NofyD rdlof;tef awydkefcmof,yef iof;vlifacj;rkef: OAef;Omhrmh wgef.(3)eh. bif:trf,yh,bof. qImif:

qmof:cldof:cj;/ tefyAefvh; sw. vgif;ulef:avj:sv:eh. awtguf,yAefrj: rmhuluf. erferf cj;bof./ Orf.awpdkifuGj,xSif;

bof.cj;/ ugyf; eh zdkefwmif,se tefaw ydkefcmof,rj: iof;vlifacj;rkef: OAef;Omhrmh e[: 2015eD; vdlefar, eh.

awtrf,yj: qgrf:vh; acj;rmhydlif vgif;ulef:avj:sv; eh.cj;bof./


e[:OAef;Omhrmh(qImif:wAif;cdkef:)eh. awvmwf;vh; acj;vrf,vgif; zgef:vD acj;rmhydlif bgef.ydlof;oj; vh;pef qdkof; qmof:

cdlof:tefr[,? bof.auj; ulef:avj:sv:(edlof.vdlwf;avj:oh.)rD:rj: wmif:erf sv; vh;N. vgif;vSuf;vmh: uj;e[: qmof:cdlof:

qdlof:eef.bof./ ulnf:uj; ykef.wj,aw ruf:ref; qdkof; qmof:cdlof:tefr[, eef.qdkif; acj;rmhydlif; tefvmuf;vmh: eh.

trf,ukrf,ulnf:/ awvh;pAwf: ymifukrf xlyf:tkyf,ukrf uef erferf? vlof,vh;umifq[ uj;e[: wlif,odlif:ulef:? eh.ulnf:trf,uj:

awvh; Omif,xkuf,? xkuf,rSef ydlifyAefqgrf: e[:rdlif: eef. aOsv; vh;ayj,tguf,yAefrj: qdkof; qmof:cdlof: tefr[, eef.

cj;atj;/ vlifygif;qdkif; auj; yefuwd uj;wD;ulef:rdlif: ykef.wj,aw cdkef:sr: xwf:Omifwlnf: qmof:cdlof: (135)cdlof:

aOsv; Oifoj: vlof O[,xSif; qmof:cdlof: tefr[,ehauj; cofqof; aw cdkif;ygif pAwf:Omif;uGj,bl,cj;/ Oifoj; bof. wgef;

eh. qdkif; bdkefbgef: ruf:ref; uj;e[: vkwf.awj,(zj,vD,rmef,) P; cof;omif,Twj: uGj,aOsv; tofbdyf:wdkof:uGj,

vh;bof.cj;/

acj;xmrf uyf:umh,vlnf; qmof:cdlof: ul;cdlof:cdlof: uj;e[: zdkef;vguf:ydlif OAef;Omhrmheef. bgef.ydlof; rD:vgif;wmif: vhm;qdlof.

vmhrAof:aObof. qgif,vh;O[,rj: tefoj;eef. awvh; vgrfN.oh.bof.cj;/ eh. yAef ugyf;ydlof; qmof:cdlof: wif:erf vh;

cmh.tgif;wD;bl, aOsv; vh;szqguf,uGj, ul;wD;ul;vSef uj;e[: rdlif:rBmef,rj,eh. bl,bof.eh cj;atj;/ ymh:ruf;rD:vDyAef

trf,eef vgif;'mh,vDvDqj.qj. e[:wlif,odlif:ulef: trf,zAif,yAif:uef qldof:eh. yAefugyf;ydlof; qmof:cdlof:ulef: vh;szqguf,

tguf,uGj, ul;wD; ul;vSef eef.bof. tefoj;eef. yAefvrf,vgif; awvh;N.oh.vDvD cj;bof./ wmif:tef xmrftof

acj;xmrf uyf:umh,vlnf; qmof:cdlof: ul;cdlof:cdlof: uj;e[: zdkef;vguf:ydlif OAef;Omhrmheef. yAef ykef.wj, Okef,vh; Okef,yAef

'mh,ymh: zAif,yAif:uef? wj,aw wrf:omif: yuf:ydlif vgif;Okrf,vh; zgef:vD zAif,yAif:uef eef.aOsv; qif,vh; qkMrf

acj;rmhydlif qdlof.eif,eh cj;bof./

35/ uyf:umh,vlnf; acj;rmh qmof:cdlof: ul;cdlof:cdlof: tefrD:e[: aqrdlif: aqwdlif:wgef;vlif, qdlof:eef. OAef;Omhrmheh.

aw uAyf:rmhvh; acj;rmhydlif rmef,rSef; xlef.wArf wSwf;eSwf;vDbl, eh awvmwf;vh; qdlof.eif,pdkofcj;?

bmrf:rdlof;vAof zl;v[auj; trf,sevh;Omuf;aO, Odkofej;w[;wjpof:vh; vgif;tef uAyf:vdlof ylef.wD;uGj,bof. trf,eef

uAyf:bgrf:oh.bof. eh cj;/ ykef.wj,aw uAyf:OAef;Omhrmheh. vdluf;uAyf: Mif.tof zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh uj;wD; e[:omef tef


ref:bl, aOsv; yAefauj.tef rdkwf;udkof:oh. vgif;bdef,si;e[:omef; vDvDaOsv; N.ygif,vmwf;vh; uGmrf:vmwf;

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quf:sz P;vh; zgef:vD acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh wSwf;eSwf; rmef,rSef; eef.cj;bof./ Oifoj: ayj,tguf,yAefrj:

acj;rmhuBmrf: zdwf:ydlif,uGj, aOacj;acj; ehqdkif; yAefvh; ydlifvlif Ogifydlif ulnf:cj;/

ydlifedkif;eh. bgef.ydlof; zl;wgyf,acj;xmrfeef. yefqdkof;OAif; wlofqof;uof, qgrf:vlnf; qmof:cdlof: wlof qof;uof,

trf,q[;aOsv; yAef qdkof;qgrf: qmof:cdlof: wmif,tefeef. cj;atj;/ wlofqof;uof, vmwf;qdkof; trf,rmef, rSef;

ehauj; zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh auj; wSrf;rmhqgrf: tef zdwf:ref:uGj,bof.cj;/ vgif;ydlifrAof:eh. qmif;yAefrj:bl,cj;/ ulnf:uj;

trf,ayj:rD:erfvh; cj;/

ydlifOgifeh. bgef.ydlof; uAyf:bgrf:uGj, uj;wD; qmof:cdlof: edlofvgh uj;wD; omef;eguf;ej:ymif, eguf;aOydlef; eef. cj;atj;/

uj;wD; tdlif,omef;eef. Nofeyf.ulef: awbgrf:uGj, ylef.qmof:cdlof:eef. cj;bof./ ugyf;ydlof; pmif;pAef: cdkifygifoh. vguf:vmh:

erf:umef ykef.wj,aw uAyf:tofaO xwf:Omif quf:sz P;vh; zgef:vD acj;rkef:OAef;Omhrmh wSwf;eSwf; rmef,rSef;

eef.cj;sv; vgif;wmif: ydlifvlifqdlof.eh yAefvh; yj;st,bl,cj;/ trf,ayj:erfcj;/ rdlof;tef trf,yh,uAyf:OAef;

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uGmuf;eef. O[,oh. rmheyf. rkif.apjNdef:? rmheyf. Ndef:_Nif: qdlof:eh. P;wSwf;eSwf;vDoh.cj;/ rdlof;trf,yh,uAyf: OAef;Omhrmh

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eef. uj;wD; edlofej;vdefaw.aw.eef.auj; qgrf,rD:oh.sw. xwf: P;rmef,rSefaO ruf:ref; xj; bof.cj;/ ugyf;eh

rdlof;tef zl;uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh cof vlif:uAyf:OAef;Omhrmh aw.aw.eef. trf,Ol; zdwf:vh;cj;/ wmif:tef wluf:bgwf.oh.

ehauj; awyAef prf;st,cj;/ e[:umef wmif:tef pmif;pSef:eef. eif,pdkof awtrf,vh; wluf:bgwf.uGj,eh vh;cdkifygifoh.

aw.aw.ej;ej; bl,bof./

yAefqdlif.pdkofaOwj. umefuAyf:OAef;Omhrmheh. P;ayj:uAyf:vh; ymh:zwf:zAif, (100|)? wArfxlef;oh. vDvDbof.eh trf,yAef

vh;cj;/ P;vh;qldif.eh bmyf,bl,cj;/ rdlefqdlif.eif, vmwf;rj: wmif:edlofeh. vgif;tefoj; uAyf:bgrf:uGj, tefoj;eef. qmif

yAefvh; tdwf:tgef,ulnf:cj;/ trf,wdlof.cdluf,vh; wif: acj;rkef: OAef;Omhrmh wif:OAif;vh;cj;/ Oifoj; uAyf:bgrf:rj: eh

auj; awwmif,seoh. e[:umef wgef;xwf:Omif quf:sz Nofvkrf:ref:eef. cj;bof./

umef vkyf:vif wD;Okwf: 'mh,ymh: xwf:Omif quf:sz olef.Omifwlnf:eh. awpAwf:Omif; rdlof; 2016eD; cj;atj;/

uyf:umhvlnf; umefNofeh. awpmif;pSef: pAwf:Omif; ykef.rdlif:rBmef,rj, qgrf:eif, yuf:ydlif sv; ymh:olef; vgif;qD.Oif,

qkrf:ul;rdlif:rdlif:(ukvwrSuf.uj.)'mh, OAef;Omhrmh vgif; Nofulef: Ndef:_Nif: eef.cj;bof./

Documents

(Shan) - UNFPA Myanmarmyanmar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/2...acj;xmrf sv; acj;wgyf, vlnf;vgif OAef;Omhrmh rdlif:rBmef,rj, (Shan) uGmrf:erf: yyf.tgef,eh.qdkif; yAeftef