Shi Yan Jiao Cai

8/10/2019 Shi Yan Jiao Cai

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PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENT

INSTITUTE OF PHARMACOLOGY


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Experiment 1 The bai! "n#$%e&'e an& te!hni()e #* pharma!#%#'i!a%experiment

1+ the p)rp#e #r aim *#r ) t# ha,e thi !%a

learn basic or fundamental laboratory technique and skill. And verify the theory we have learned in

pharmacology.-+ the %ab#rat#r. anima% that $e #*ten )e& in #)r experiment

there are many laboratory animals. In different experiment, we need to choose the appropriate

animals. Next we will talk about the animals and their character

1 *r#' #r t#a&/ they are often used in physiological studies, we rarely use it in our

pharmacological studies.

-m#)e #r mi!e/ mouse is the most frequently used animal in our experiment. The main reason

they are frequently used is the. are ,er. !heap, about !" yuan per mouse. The second reason is

the. ha,e hi'h repr#&)!ti#n rateand easy to raise. #ice are often used in the!reenin' tetof

drug or $hen we study the effect of antine#p%ati!drugs, ana%'ei!s , antit)i,edrugs etc, or

determine E02me&ian e**e!ti,e e#r L02me&ian %etha% e#f a drug.

3rat/ it is very like mouse in shape but is much bigger than mouse. It is very fierce, they have

very sharp teeth and bad temper. If you are not careful, you will be bite by them. %o if you want to

grab them, you need to put on thick gloves. &ats are not used often in our experiment but are

widely used in research study. 'or example, rats are often used in!hr#ni! t#xi!it. tet or long!term

toxicity test in the preclinical study of a drug.

4 ')inea pi'( they are very beautiful and lovely animals. They are very timid or docile

tenderand never attack people. In the street, you can see some people sell guinea pig. %omeone

raise it in their home as a pet. It has a shortcoming( it can not synthesi)e 5itamin Cby itself. %o it

needs to get *it + from food. ou need to feed it with some cabbage, carrot etc .-uinea pig is very sensitive to a kind of substance Hitamine 6HA7+As a result of that, it was often

used in the hypersensitive test allergic reaction/ or the screening of anti!asthmatic drug.

rabbit/ we are very familiar with rabbit, it is often used too but a little expensive + It b#&.

temperat)re i ,er. tab%e+%o it is the assigned animal in the p.r#'en tet &)rin' the ()a%it.

!#ntr#% #* &r)'+ pharma!#peia In our experiment, we often use it to observe the effect of

some drug on the blood pressure.

8 !at/ cat is also bad tempered and irritable and not often used in our experiment. It b%##&

pre)re i ,er. tab%e+%o it is the assigned animal in the h.p#teni,e )btan!e tetduring the

drug quality control.

9'/ dog belongs to the large animal in our experiment and is not often used either. A dog can

cost several hundred yuan. 0uring the research, dog was often chosen to study some drug works on

!ar&i#,a!)%ar .tem+ 'or example, when we do some research onanti:arrh.thmi! drugs,anti:

an'ina% or anti!m.#!ar&ia%ischemia drugs.

;others ( including pig, goat, monkey. They are rarely used.

3+ the tainin' #* the anima%

in our experiment, we often use more than one animal, so we need to make some marks to

discriminate each animal. 1ecause they all look alike, we need to stain on the different place of their

skin to identify them. %uch as neck, head, tail , back, leg and so on.

The most common dye we use ispi!ri! a!i& 6 trinitr#phen#%7 #%)ti#n< it ha a .e%%#$ !#%#r+ Thi!#%#r !an %at *#r a %#n' time #n the "in #* the anima% an& !an n#t eai%. *a&e+

4+ the *ixin' #* the anima%


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border of the ear of the rabbit, this is the most suitable place for the iv in7ection. ou should begin

your in7ection from the tip of the ear and proceed gradually.

9+ Operati#n 6rabbit7?arter. !atheteri@ati#n

I want to introduce an operation that you also need to grasp. 1ecause next time we will use it. It is

++Acommon carotid artery intubation or !atheteri@ati#n #* CCA. The animal we used is

rabbit.'irst anestheti)e the rabbit with-2 )rethane:8m%>"' , then fix it on the operating table.

And open the skin in the neck, then separate the ++A. ;igate at the proximal end of the heart with a

thread, ligate the other end of the ++A with an artery clamp. And incise a * shape #ri*i!eon the

artery with a ophthalmology operation scissors. And insert the arter. !atheterinto the ++A, and

then fix it with a thread. &emove the clamp when needed.


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Experiment - 0eterminati#n #* the Pharma!#"ineti! Parameter

#* Phen#% S)%*#nephtha%ein6PSP7

BAim To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of 9%9 after single quick intravenous in7ection

of 9%9 in a rabbit

BPrin!ip%e 17 Another name of 9%9 is phenol red. In alkaline basic/ %olution it turns red. As we

all know that it can be used to indicate the p< of the solution. p< indicator/

-7 9%9 is eliminated from kidney in the unchanged form in urine and belongs to one compartment

model, 'irst!order elimination kinetics.

One !#mpartment m#&e%/0rug distributed rapidly to the organs of tissues with high blood flow.

Firt:#r&er e%iminati#n "ineti!/ 1lood concentration of drug is reduced in equal rate= the

eliminated rate is direct ratio with blood concentration of a drug.

'ormula( +t>+?.e!ket

+hange the 'ormula into %#'arithm( lg+t>lg+o!ke@t8."?"

lg+tBand tBare linear correlation

lg+o>a !ke8?".">b

+o> lg!2a Cmol8l/ ke >."?"b min!2/

t28 half!life time/ is the time required to +hange the amount of drug in the body by one!half during

elimination. t28 depends on drug physicochemical +haracter and body conditions.

t28>?.DE"8ke min/

*d apparent volume of distribution/ is used for measuring distribution range, relates the amount of

drug in the body to the concentration of dug in the blood.

*d>Fo8+o ;/

+; clearance/ >*dGk ;8min/

BMateria%

1+ Anima%/rabbit

-+0r)' an& a'ent/

Dmg8ml 9%9 solution #$( "65."D/= ?H urethane 6!Dml8kg/= Normal %aline, 6??u8ml heparin

solution= diluent solution Emg8ml Na+l Eml2mol8; Na4< 2ml/

3+ Apparat) an& intr)ment/operating instruments 2"/= ;iquid handling equipment= Tubes=

colorimeters= etc.

BMeth#&

1+ Mar" the t)be( ?J6= 2/ Jblood /Jplasma


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Experiment 3 0eterminati#n #* E02 #* pent#barbita% #&i)m

P)rp#e /

2. to determine thehypnotic :0 6? of intraperitonial in7ectiong of 9entobarbital sodium on mice

. grasp how to divide group randomly

Prin!ip%e/

2. the meaning of :06?

2/ To graded reponse, :06? refers to the dose of a drug required to produce 6?H of that

drugLs maximal effect.

/ To quantal response, it means the dose at which 6?H of individuals exhibit the special

quantal effect.

:06? provide a convnient way of comparing the potency of drug in experiment.

In our present experiment, we want to know the dose of pentobarbital sodium :06?/ that

cause half of the mice to sleep.

. 9entobarbital sodium the effect of it is dose!related.

The dose!effect relationship are very typical. In small dose, it will cause sedation, when thedose increase, it will cause hypnosis. In high dose, it can cause anesthesia. In higher dose, it will

depress the +N% ans cause respiratory depression, even cause death of the animal.

". positive index( The dissaperance of righting reflex shows the mouse has sleeped/

5. The formula for the caculation of :06? %unLs modified MoberLs method/

The conditions that needs to be satisfied when using this method to calculate :06?

2/ 5O different groups , usually more than 6 group

/ the number of the animals are eaual in each group. 3sually more than 2? every group

"/ the ratio of two ad7acent dose is equal. The five doses are geometric progression

the formula( :06?> lg!2P Fm!i9!?.6/ i852!9m!9n/Q

9( response rate. 9m( maximal response rate. 9n( minimal response rate

Fm( ;og dose of the 9m group. i( log ratio of two ad7acent dose

Materia% +

2. animals (6? mice

. drugs( five dose of pentobarbital solution .56,2.ED,2.6K,2.6,2.?? mg8ml/

Meth#&

2. weigh the animals and staining

. animal grouping ( randomly 2? mice per group

". drug administration( ip ?.ml8kg

5. observe the number of sleeping mice within 26min of drug administrationRe)%t/

3sing the following table to caculate the :06?

-roup n 0rug concentrationmg8ml/ dose

mg8kg/

;og dose Number of

sleeping mouse

9

2 2? .56 5E 2.DE

2? 2.ED "E 2.6E

" 2? 2.6K "2 2.5E

5 2? 2.6 6 2.5?

6 2? 2.?? ? 2."?


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Experiment 4 In*%)en!e #* pH #n the ab#rpti,e rate #* tr.!hnine

P)rp#e/

". To investigate the different effects quick or slow/ produced by strychnine in different p

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Shi Yan Jiao Cai