Side Event at the First Global Platform for Disaster Risk ... · disaster risk reduction and post disaster for longer term issues. She highlighted the role and vitality of IRP within

Side Event at the First Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction

‘International Recovery Platform - a Global Catalyst for Better Recovery’

＜＞Summary Report

6th June 2007

International Conference Center, Geneva

Organized by International Recovery Platform (IRP) Secretariat, Government of Japan,

and the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) Secretariat

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

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International Recovery Platform Side Event at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

‘International Recovery Platform – a Global Catalyst for Better Recovery’

Date: 6th June 2007 12:45 - 14:15 Venue: Room 3, International Conference Center, Geneva Organizers: the International Recovery Platform Secretariat, Government of Japan,

and the ISDR Secretariat Chairperson: Ms. Kathleen Cravero

Assistant Administrator and Director, BCPR/UNDP Co-chair: H.E. Ambassador Makio Miyagawa

The Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations in Geneva Working language: English

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Agenda

Chairperson: Ms. Kathleen Cravero, Assistant Administrator and Director, BCPR/UNDP Co-chair: H.E. Ambassador Makio Miyagawa,

The Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations in Geneva

Opening Remarks: H.E. Ambassador Makio Miyagawa

Key Remarks: ‘ISDR context & the IRP’

Ms. Margareta Wahlström ASG and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator, UN/OCHA

(on behalf of ISDR secretariat) ‘From disasters to reduced vulnerability – the recovery opportunity ’

Ms. Kathleen Cravero ‘Strengthening Recovery Capacity in the SAARC region’

Mr. PG Dhar Chakrabarti Director, SAARC Center for Disaster Management

‘Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) – an emerging tool for better recovery’ Mr. Ricardo Zapata-Marti

Focal Point on Disaster Evaluation, Disaster Unit, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

Discussion First Discussants

Mr. Alfredo Lazarte-Hoyle, Director ad interim, Crisis Response and Reconstruction Programme, International Labour Organization (ILO)

Ms. Cynthia Burton, Senior Officer, Post Disaster Recovery, Disaster Preparedness and Policy, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)

Donor countries and organizations Some participating countries and organizations

Concluding Remarks:

Mr. Satoru Nishikawa, Vice-chairperson of IRP Steering Committee, Director, Cabinet Office of Japan

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SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS

Opening Remarks Ms. Kathleen Cravero, Assistant Administrator and Director, BCPR/UNDP welcomed the participants, invitees and the observers in attendance. H.E. Ambassador Makio Miyagawa, the Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations in Geneva made the opening remarks.

H.E. Miyagawa, in his opening remarks, briefly introduced the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015. IRP is representing and following up the implementation of HFA, and having been made for strengthening the ISDR system. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is an important component for sustainable development, and the progress for human security. Japan has been enhancing for implementing HFA not only just within the country, but also at global level through combining the assistance under ODA, international cooperation, various agencies, and regional cooperation in Asia, by putting all those

resources together so as to materialize and realize the HFA as soon as possible. H.E. Miyagawa appreciated the activities of IRP; and further highlighted the active role of HFA in cooperation with wide international organizations including ISDR, World Bank, UNDP, IFRC, etc. He acknowledged that IRP since two years of its establishment has helped in building a stronger cooperation among various stakeholders and is now recognized well for promoting recovery in DRR.

Amongst various activities of IRP, one of the important highlights was the recently held symposium in Kobe, which hosted about 300 people, from 34 countries, and 20 agencies, including 4 ministers from Tsunami affected countries. The Forum discussed the part of development of national systems for disaster reduction through sharing of case studies, and the knowledge and experience have been widely exchanged in various countries. At the regional level, in South Asia, the SAARC member states are making use of Japanese organizations’ knowledge and networks, for the planning of projects for strengthening earthquake risk reduction.

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Key Remarks “ISDR context & the IRP” Ms. Margareta Wahlström Assistant Secretary General and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator, UN/OCHA (on behalf of ISDR Secretariat)

Speaking on behalf of the ISDR secretariat, Ms Margareta Wahlström, in her key remarks, highlighted that having to make efforts to bring together the knowledge and experience systematically for incorporating risk reduction completely into the design and implementation of recovery programs and also to integrate disaster risk reduction and post disaster for longer term issues. She highlighted the role and vitality of IRP within ISDR system in promoting DRR, especially through recovery related aspects. Towards this end, a set of outputs/deliverables emanating from IRP were highlighted. From the humanitarian perspective, humanitarian reform refine from a technical perspective for organizing the capacity and ensure prospecting coordination of planning, different elements of relief interventions, and in that regards there was also the establishment of early recovery cluster. The early recovery cluster was created to ensure

recovery people, recovery expertise, recovery thinking just from the beginning of the relief; it is not something which happens after.

She mentioned about the ongoing strengthening of the ISDR system in order to provide strong leadership engagement to disaster risk reduction community in the implementation of HFA. The part of strengthening incorporates the critical issue of recovery and to that effect within the ISDR system it was agreed to support this platform. Ms. Wahlström further elaborated on the various aspects related to recovery planning based on the global learning processes; common needs assessment methodologies; establishing DRR and recovery linkages through common tools, techniques and guidelines; related institutional, financial and policy issues.

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“From Disaster to Reduced Vulnerability – the Recovery Opportunity” Ms. Kathleen Cravero Ms. Cravero introduced the IRP and highlighted the opportunity it holds to serve as a global catalyst for increased capacity to turn disasters into opportunities for reduced vulnerability and future risk. Further she made the following key points:

The impact of disasters on human life and property is being demonstrated with increasing frequency. Decades of progress and development gains disappear overnight

Recovery, from the very onset of disaster event – early recovery – and further downstream in the response, provides an unparalleled opportunity to introduce measures to reduce vulnerability and future risk, as well as to address pre-existing inequalities within and between affected communities. Much more can and needs to be done in order to capitalize fully on this ‘recovery opportunity’.

Not enough is known about the mechanics of effective disaster recovery practices, and not enough is done to support governments of high-risk countries to develop their capacities to effectively manage crucial recovery processes.

With this in mind, the government of Japan, together with a consortium of international organizations, proposed the establishment of the International Recovery Platform in the World conference on Disaster Reduction 2005 in Kobe. UNDP is pleased to have been a part of this process right from the beginning and to hold the current chair of the IRP Steering Committee in the person of my deputy in Geneva Miguel Bermeo and also lead the secretariat in Kobe with the benevolent

support of the government of Japan and the Hyogo Prefecture government.

Ms Kathleen Cravero further complemented how IRP is striving to address the existing gaps in recovery processes besides providing the technical support, knowledge management tools and building the community of practitioners during post-disaster recovery. The knowledge management tools like TRIAMS and PDNA were highlighted as important IRP deliverables. With the networking efforts along with coordination IRP has been functioning as a thematic platform of ISDR. As a key thematic platform of the strengthened ISDR system, the IRP contributes to the identification of gaps and constraints currently experienced in disaster recovery. It serves as a catalyst for the development of knowledge, tools and resources for resilient recovery. With time we are convinced that the IRP will become the international source of knowledge on good recovery practice, not the least with the help of the new website currently under development. The IRP does this by reaching out to the broadest possible range of recovery stakeholders in its Community of Practice – open to participation by all actors and all stakeholders in disaster recovery. Between its partner organizations – those who participate in its work plan or otherwise make substantial contributions to its work – the IRP draws a wide range of experience and expertise for the identification gaps and development of knowledge resources.

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“Strengthening Recovery Capacity in the SAAC Region” Mr. PG Dhar Chakrabarti Director, SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC)

In his presentation, Mr. Chakrabarti described about the current situation of SAARC region, touched upon the layers of vulnerability in South Asia - highlighting some of the mega disasters the region had faced in recent times, their overall impact and the practices being followed while responding to these disasters. He highlighted systemic deficiency in handling natural disasters in the region. He also appraised the initiatives taken by respective national governments to enhance their capacities. Drawing from the experiences in South Asia, he listed out five lessons

・ It is possible to reduce loss life and property through preparedness;

・ Preparedness is necessary at every level: such as national, provincial, local and community level;

・ Preparedness is necessary for every sector;

・ Pre-disaster Recovery Planning is necessary for better coordination among all the sectors at different levels;

・ Pre-disaster Recovery Planning needs to formalize in form of manuals and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

Elaborating further he outlined the following five principles of recovery:

・ Holistic: covering housing, infrastructure, education, livelihood, health, psycho-social care, etc;

・ Long-term in terms of having livelihood support through development of skills, provisioning of credit and marketing support etc;

・ ‘Build back better’ ensuring that the houses and infrastructure constructed after disasters withstand the hazards and risks of nature and the hazards do not become disasters again,

・ Sustainability integrating environmental issues, and;

・ Inclusive by way of benefiting and risk reduction to poor and vulnerable-women, children, aged, physically and mentally challenged people.

With regard to the recovery framework, he highlighted three levels of Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning: ・ Short-term recovery planning: for a month-

immediate search and rescue, emergency, health, shelter, foods, clothes, damage assessments, restoration of critical infrastructure, etc;

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・ Intermediate recovery planning: for one to six months that includes intermediate shelters, health care system, psycho-social care etc; and

・ Long - term recovery planning: six months to three years on permanent health, resilient housing and other physical and social infrastructure, livelihood and psycho-social recovery, documentation of experiences/ lessons learnt.

Further he highlighted that capacity building is the most critical issue in SAARC region. The steps taken up by SAARC member countries in terms of setting up SAARC Meteorological Research Centre at Dhaka, SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre, Male and SAARC

Disaster Management Centre (SDMC) Delhi have been helpful in promoting regional cooperation. While briefing about SDMC he highlighted the vision, mission and functions, providing the necessary institutional support towards capacity building. He also presented the capacity development framework for the region focused on multi-hazard, multi-sectoral and multi-layers issues and orchestrated SDMC in that perspective. Lastly, he informed that SDMC would be closely associated with implementation of regional capacity building for Earthquake Risk Reduction Project in South Asia in collaboration with IRP. He proposed stronger linkages between SDMC and IRP in the days to come.

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Side Event ofSide Event of

International Recovery PlatformInternational Recovery PlatformGlobal Platform for DRRGlobal Platform for DRR

Geneva, 6th June 2007

P.G.Dhar ChakrabartiDirector

SAARC Disaster Management CentreNew Delhi

Strengthening Recovery Capacity Strengthening Recovery Capacity in SAARC Regionin SAARC Region

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South AsiaSouth Asia

• Largest, youngest and most seismic active mountain system

• Largest non-polar glacial deposits melting due to effects of global warming

• Heavy rainfall and high silt load on water bodies causing recurrent flood over large areas

• Larger area facing droughts due to scanty rainfall and depleting ground water level

• 12000 km coastline and many islands threatened by cyclones, storm surge and sea level rise

Hazards of nature

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Layers of vulnerabilitiesLayers of vulnerabilities• With 23% of world population, South Asia produces

only 1.3% of world income• 40% of world poor (500 million) live in South Asia• Half of malnourished children belong to South Asia• 46% of world illiterates also belong to South Asia• South Asia has the lowest sex ratio reflecting

deeply rooted gender discrimination in society• 1.4 billion people of South Asia is still growing at

more than 2% per annum• Unplanned urban areas growing at faster rate of

4.5% per annum creating further layer of urban vulnerabilities

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Fatalism • Disasters integral part of living in South Asia

• Rapid disasters like earthquake, cyclone, flood, landslide, avalanche take heavy toll of life

• Slow onset disasters like drought, epidemics, infant and maternal mortality take heavier toll

• Communities have learnt to cope with disasters, but more often they are resigned to their fate –

• Typically disasters are perceived as ‘Angers of God’or ‘Wrath of Nature’

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Recent mega disasters in South Asia

2.5 million712Drought 2000Afghanistan

5 million83,000Earthquake 2005Pakistan

1 million35,399Tsunami 2004Sri Lanka

3.5 million12405Tsunami 2004India

1.8 million13805Earthquake 2001India

15 million10086Cyclone 1999India

1 million9475Earthquake 1993India

15 million138,000Cyclone 1991Bangladesh

20 million300,000Cyclone 1970Bangladesh

People affected

DeathsDisasterCountry

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Impact of disasters• Estimated GDP loss range between 2 to 20%

and revenue loss between 12 to 66%• Erodes hard earned gains of development • Divert scarce resources to relief and

rehabilitation• Aggravates poverty and causes distress to

more vulnerable groups - women, children, aged and disabled

• Affects fragile eco-system of the region

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System exposed…• No scientific hazard- risk-vulnerability mapping • Inadequate early warning system• Absence of techno-legal regime for safe building • Poor community awareness and preparedness• Environmental degradation precipitating disasters• Development projects creating new disasters• Primitive search and rescue system for disasters• Poor disaster communication system• Inadequate relief management • In short, entire disaster management system was

unprofessional and amateurish8

Improving systems…• Disasters provided opportunities to learn and

improve• Bangladesh developed community based early

warning, evacuation and shelter• India has developed a holistic system of disaster

management covering pre and post disaster phases• Pakistan enacted its law creating National Disaster

Management Commission• Sri Lanka developed national policy and legislation• Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives are in

the process of developing their legal and institutional framework for disaster management

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Capacity building• Capacity building is most critical for

disaster preparedness and pre-disaster planning

• Huge gaps in capacity in South Asia• Sustained efforts required for capacity

development• Increased regional cooperation necessary• A few significant steps have been taken in

the recent past to enhance regional cooperation in South Asia

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Five principles of recovery1. Holistic - cover housing, infrastructure, education,

livelihood, health, psycho-social care etc. 2. Long term - provide livelihood support including

development of skill, provisioning of credit and marketing support etc

3. ‘Build back better’ - ensure that the houses and infrastructure constructed after disasters withstand the hazards and risks of nature and the hazards do not become disasters again

4. Sustainable - integrate environmental issues, such regeneration of mangroves, conservation of water,

5. Inclusive - care for poor and vulnerable - women, children, aged, physically and mentally challenged people9

Five Lessons Learnt in Recovery1. It is possible to reduce loss of life and property

through preparedness2. Preparedness is necessary at every level –

national, provincial, local and community3. Preparedness is necessary in every sector 4. Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning to ensure better

coordination among various sectors in different levels

5. Such planning needs to be formalized in the shape of manuals and Standard Operating Procedures so that there is no confusion during and after disasters

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Recovery frameworkRecovery

Pre- Disaster Recovery Planning

Sort Term(0 -30 days)

Intermediate(1 to 6 months)

Long Term(6 m to 3 years)

• Search and rescue• Emergency health• Temporary shelter

• Food, clothes• Damage assessment

• Restoration of criticalinfrastructure (power,telephone, drinking

water etc)

• Intermediate shelter• Health Care

• Continuation of support for food, clothes etc• Psycho-social care

• School and day care• Preparation of

long term recovery plan• Arranging resources

• Permanent housing• Livelihood support

• Restoration of physicalInfrastructure

• Restoration of social infrastructure

• Psycho-social recovery• Documentation

• Memorials

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SAARC Meteorological Research Centre, Dhaka

• Undertaking research on weather predication, monsoon and other weather phenomena;

• Compiling climatological information required for weather forecasting and agricultural activities;

• Monitoring special weather conditions;

• Developing a networking system with the member countries to obtain data and to provide processed information to the members

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SAARC Comprehensive Framework on DisasterManagement

• Establish and strengthen regional disaster management system to reduce risks and to improve response and recovery

• Share best practices and lessons learnt from disaster risk reduction efforts at national levels

• Establish a regional system to develop and implement regional programs and projects for early warning

• Establish a regional system of exchanging information on prevention, preparedness and management of disasters

• Create a regional response mechanism dedicated to disaster preparedness, emergency relief and rehabilitation and

• Create a regional mechanism to facilitate monitoring and evaluation of achievements towards goals and strategies

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FunctionsFunctions• collect, compile, document and disseminate data,

information, case studies and good practices on every aspect of disaster management in the Member Countries;

• analyze information and undertake research on different aspects of disaster management;

• develop educational materials and conduct academic and professional courses on disaster management;

• organize training programmes for various stakeholders on disaster management in the Member Countries;

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SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre, Male

• Collect, compile and disseminate information through networking among the Member States;

• Assess and standardize planning methodologies for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM);

• Provide support for the promotion and development of ICZM concepts, methodologies and planning tools;

• Assist in institutional strengthening and human resources development for capacity building in ICZM; and

• Conduct and coordinate research in the field of coastal zone management and facilitate technology transfer

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SAARC Disaster Management CentreSAARC Disaster Management Centre

Vision:Vision: “ to be a vibrant centre of excellence for knowledge, research and capacity development on disaster management”

Mission:Mission: “ to serve the Member Countries by providing policy advice and facilitating capacity development services including strategic learning, research, training, system development and exchange of information for effective disaster risk reduction.”

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• Develop training modules and conduct ToTprogrammes and simulation exercises;

• Provide assistance in the formulation of policies, strategies and framework by the Member Countries

• Organize workshops, conferences, seminars,lectures etc on various aspects of disaster management in the Member Countries;

• Undertake publication of journals, research papers and books and maintain online resource centers in furtherance of the aforesaid objects.

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Strategies• Network with national focal points and with the

concerned regional and international bodies;• Assist national focal points to develop appropriate

models for networking with their research, training and other institutions ;

• Develop a network of networking institutions to facilitate quick acquisition, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information, data and knowledge on disaster management including linkages with approved real-time data providers ;

• Use information and communication technologies to develop a virtual resource centre for disaster management in South Asia.

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Steps taken so far• All the national governments have taken

significant steps for training and capacity building on disaster management

• A template for conducting Training Need Analysis in South Asia has been developed

• A programme and budget for regional training programmes and workshops have been approved

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Thank you

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Capacity Development Framework

Multi-hazard Multi-sectoral

Multi-layer

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Synergy with IRP• SAARC Disaster Management Centre to be

closely associated with implementation of regional capacity building for Earthquake Risk Reduction Project in South Asia

• The project would be implemented in collaboration with IRP-UNDP

• Separately a JICA funded project on South Asia Disaster Risk Reduction has recently been approved. The details are under consideration.

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”Post – Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) - an emerging tool for better recovery” Mr. Ricardo Zapata- Marti Focal Point on Disaster Evaluation, Disaster Unit, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Mr. Zapata mentioned about PDNA as a process, a framework for coordination and cooperation and a tool for integrated post disaster assessment. Recounting the ECLAC experiences he highlighted it as an analytical tool to determine damage and losses, which in turn brings about a systematic, integrated approach that moves from early to longer term needs to recovery and reconstruction; a cooperative effort that encompasses the UN system’s agencies knowledge and experiences. Further, he stressed on the increasing need on properly assessing economic/human/social/environmental needs and that the human faces of post conflict and post disaster pose more than just a methodological challenge. PDNP is a process, a framework for coordination and cooperation and a tool for integrated post disaster damage and needs assessments. In a similar passion as the PCNA is a tool for the post-conflict. It is already practiced in Latin America. It has systemic integrated approach that moves from early to longer term needs to recovery, and sustainable development and it is possible to have cooperative efforts with UN systems, agencies knowledge and experience. PDNA becomes the recovery tool to increase capacity to respond at the country level by having government capacity building and strengthening pre-disaster recovery preparation and by having international donors financially

institutions and UN country teams, pre-positioning to ensure coordination action. He highlighted how PDNA supports IRP objectives in terms of developing a technical sound common methodology to assess damage and post disaster recovery needs in a way that can provide a framework for the planning of coordinated recovery efforts across different sectors (shelter, livelihoods, governance, environment, etc.) with a risk reduction focus. On the other hand, PDNA also serves the needs of the IASC Cluster Working Group on Early Recovery (CWGER) to develop a post-disaster recovery needs assessment methodology. He highlighted that the development of PDNA methodology, guidelines and toolkit therefore respond to the work-plans of both the IRP and the CWGER. This development of a PDNA is seen as a three-staged process: ・ A stocktaking exercise (being completed at

present) ・ Analysis of the similarities, potential

overlapping and gaps (as derived from stocktaking exercise)

・ Proposal of guidelines and tools for their harmonization and application in a way that avoids duplication and proposes integrated assessment (to be completed by July 2007)

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He highlighted that have the possibility to assess key vulnerabilities and identify how these will be particularly addressed over the short-medium post-disaster, and must identify and anticipate continuous early recovery efforts that happen within the communities and devise strategy to accelerate these and strengthen local capacities to support this. It is important get the picture as soon as possible of the early recovery needs relating to different social, economic, gender, age, minority groups, ethnic groups etc. and promotes joint capacities in undertaking this task for damage and needs assessment beyond emergency with an integrated approach. In essence, it was highlighted that as we move from the emergency needs to the early recovery, long-term recovery and finally to sustainable development, PDNA does provide the sector-wise damage and needs assessment. It has thus got dynamic framework capturing the recovery needs from the beginning to the end.

Further he pointed that PDNA as a product attempts to fill the critical gaps as highlighted below: ・ A set of methodologies and guidelines

accurately and reliably assessing disaster-related physical damages and economic losses, identifying and defining early recovery needs on the basis of those damage and loss patterns and for planning early recovery activities on the basis of the needs identified. The guidelines also address medium and longer-term recovery needs and planning including a risk reduction strategy.

・ A set of tools to underpin the methodologies and guidelines, capable of analyzing and displaying data on physical damages and economic losses with a national level of observation and local level of resolution in the temporal, spatial and semantic domains.

He highlighted that the primary purpose of the PDNA is to provide all actors in the recovery process, including national and local authorities, international agencies and local communities, with a multi-sectoral, technical overview of the damage and loss patterns and the principal rehabilitation and reconstruction needs and priorities to be addressed during post disaster recovery. Further, he also discussed PDNA based strategy for need assessment process for humanitarian disasters/ER Clusters taken up by UN HABITAT and ILO-FAO livelihood assessment strategies. He highlighted the compatibility of PDNA methodologies of early recovery assessments for example;

- ILO’s livelihood assessments methodology fits into the PDNA process,

-UN Habitat’s work relating to the development of the rapid need for the shelter and housing sector also fits into the PDNA.

The compatibility was rehearsed and demonstrated in a very specific case of Bolivia floods a month ago. Lastly, he proposed to have PDNA based training of UN country teams and governmental agencies in charge of disaster management as well as disseminating PDNA tools, techniques and products to the stakeholders. Training before the disaster happens and building on the local capacity in terms of the improved and common methodologies is seen as crucial to the PDNA process.

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PostPost--Disaster Needs Disaster Needs Assessment PDNA Assessment PDNA ––an emerging tool for an emerging tool for better recoverybetter recovery

IRP IRP -- A Global Catalyst for Better RecoveryA Global Catalyst for Better RecoveryGeneva, 6 June 2007Geneva, 6 June 2007

Ricardo ZapataRicardo Zapata--MartiMartiUN UN –– ECLAC Focal Point for Disaster ECLAC Focal Point for Disaster AssessmentAssessment

Ricardo Zapata 2ECLAC

The increasing concern on properly assessing The increasing concern on properly assessing economic/human/social/environmental needs: the economic/human/social/environmental needs: the

human faces of posthuman faces of post--conflict and post disaster pose conflict and post disaster pose more than a methodological challengemore than a methodological challenge


The PDNAThe PDNA1.1. A process, a framework for coordination and cooperation and a A process, a framework for coordination and cooperation and a

tool for integrated post disaster assessmenttool for integrated post disaster assessment2.2. ECLACECLAC’’ss experience: an analytical tool to determine damage experience: an analytical tool to determine damage

and lossesand losses3.3. A systemic, integrated approach that moves from early to longer A systemic, integrated approach that moves from early to longer

term needs to recovery and reconstructionterm needs to recovery and reconstruction4.4. An cooperative effort that encompasses the UN systemAn cooperative effort that encompasses the UN system’’s s

agencies knowledge and experienceagencies knowledge and experience5.5. The specific need of post disaster early recovery needs The specific need of post disaster early recovery needs

assessment. How response can lead to resilience and assessment. How response can lead to resilience and sustainabilitysustainability

6.6. A tool for increased capacity to respond at the country level: A tool for increased capacity to respond at the country level: •• Government capacity building and strengthening preGovernment capacity building and strengthening pre--disaster disaster

recovery preparationrecovery preparation•• International donors, financial institutions and UN country International donors, financial institutions and UN country

teamteam’’s pres pre--positioning to ensure prompt coordinated actionpositioning to ensure prompt coordinated action


Synergies are starting to happenSynergies are starting to happenCollaboration in the field: REDLAC, UNETTCollaboration in the field: REDLAC, UNETTConcrete examples of collaboration:Concrete examples of collaboration:

ILO/FAO development of a livelihood ILO/FAO development of a livelihood assessment methodology that fits into a PDNA assessment methodology that fits into a PDNA processprocessUNUN--HABITAT development of a rapid needs HABITAT development of a rapid needs assessmentassessmentTry/Try/rehearsealrehearseal of developing methodologies in of developing methodologies in a a specicifspecicif case: the Bolivia El Nicase: the Bolivia El Niñño 2007 o 2007 assessmentassessmentSynergy with IFIs (IDB in LAC, WB ongoing Synergy with IFIs (IDB in LAC, WB ongoing work and framework for WB/UN joint postwork and framework for WB/UN joint post--disaster assessment)disaster assessment)


PDNA for Recovery PDNA for Recovery (visit the (visit the googlegoogle group)group)

This development of a PDNA is seen as a threeThis development of a PDNA is seen as a three--staged process: staged process:

-- A stocktaking exercise (being completed at A stocktaking exercise (being completed at present)present)

-- Analysis of the similarities, potential overlapping Analysis of the similarities, potential overlapping and gaps (as derived from stocktaking exercise)and gaps (as derived from stocktaking exercise)

-- Proposal of guidelines and tools for their Proposal of guidelines and tools for their harmonization and application in a way that harmonization and application in a way that avoids duplication and proposes integrated avoids duplication and proposes integrated assessment (to be completed by July 2007) assessment (to be completed by July 2007)


Advance on the PDNA processAdvance on the PDNA processWhere are we now?Where are we now?

Advance in consultanciesAdvance in consultanciesInformation managementInformation managementDamage and loss assessment methodologiesDamage and loss assessment methodologies

Mapping of existing methods and toolsMapping of existing methods and toolsConverging effortsConverging effortsA case story: the Bolivia assessmentA case story: the Bolivia assessment

Needs assessment methodologiesNeeds assessment methodologiesMapping of existing methods and toolsMapping of existing methods and tools

Gender perspective in needs assessmentsGender perspective in needs assessmentsMapping of existing methods and toolsMapping of existing methods and tools

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Why a PostWhy a Post--disaster recovery disaster recovery needs assessment process?needs assessment process?

1.1. Not a new methodology: building on existing tools and Not a new methodology: building on existing tools and knowledgeknowledge

2.2. Promote coherence, consistency and appropriate Promote coherence, consistency and appropriate response that leads to recoveryresponse that leads to recovery

3.3. Insert in a systemic risk management process as part Insert in a systemic risk management process as part of development agendaof development agenda

4.4. Allow transition from emergency to recovery, Allow transition from emergency to recovery, recuperation and reconstructionrecuperation and reconstruction

5.5. Similar in content to PCNA, to launch joint concerted Similar in content to PCNA, to launch joint concerted assessment processassessment process

6.6. CAPACITY BUILDING: at the national level within governmental CAPACITY BUILDING: at the national level within governmental institutions and to the UN country team to enable preinstitutions and to the UN country team to enable pre--disaster disaster response capabilitiesresponse capabilities


Why a PostWhy a Post--disaster recovery disaster recovery needs assessment process?needs assessment process?

Objectives of the Early Recovery Needs AssessmentObjectives of the Early Recovery Needs AssessmentIdentify priority programme interventions that facilitate early Identify priority programme interventions that facilitate early recovery and transition, with involvement of different recovery and transition, with involvement of different stakeholders in a rapid, coordinated manner.stakeholders in a rapid, coordinated manner.Assess key vulnerabilities and identify how these will be Assess key vulnerabilities and identify how these will be strategically addressed over the short to medium post disaster.strategically addressed over the short to medium post disaster.Identify and anticipate spontaneous early recovery efforts and Identify and anticipate spontaneous early recovery efforts and devise strategies to accelerate and strengthen local capacities devise strategies to accelerate and strengthen local capacities to support these.to support these.It is important to get as complete a picture as possible of the It is important to get as complete a picture as possible of the early recovery needs of the different socioearly recovery needs of the different socio--economic, gender, economic, gender, age and minority groups.age and minority groups.Promote joint capacities and incorporate existing Promote joint capacities and incorporate existing DANAsDANAsbeyond the emergency through integrated approach and prebeyond the emergency through integrated approach and pre--response agreement on cooperation response agreement on cooperation


The Timing of Disaster Effects: a reminderThe Timing of Disaster Effects: a reminder

Time, monthsTime, months

DamageDamage

LossesLosses

5 yrs

Full Full Reconstruction Reconstruction and Economic and Economic

RecoveryRecovery

Recovery needs (fill the gap from immediate response Recovery needs (fill the gap from immediate response to recovery in order to reduce losses)to recovery in order to reduce losses)

Emergency Emergency needsneeds


ReconstructionReconstruction

DevelopmentDevelopment

EMERGENCY NEEDSEMERGENCY NEEDSEARLY RECOVERY NEEDSEARLY RECOVERY NEEDS

RECOVERY (FRAMEWORK) NEEDSRECOVERY (FRAMEWORK) NEEDSRECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTION –– BACK TO DEVELOPMENT NEEDSBACK TO DEVELOPMENT NEEDS

BeforeBefore AfterAfter

DataData

PlansPlansandandProgrammesProgrammes Emergency Emergency

ResponseResponse

Post Disaster Post Disaster RecoveryRecovery

Needs AssessmentNeeds Assessment

Quick impact Quick impact assessmentassessment

(Flash appeal)(Flash appeal)

33--7 days7 days

Local levelLocal levelArea basedArea basedCommunityCommunity

DrivenDriven

2 weeks2 weeks

RecoveryRecoveryFrameworkFramework

(Donors(DonorsConference)Conference)

1 month1 month

ReconstructionReconstructionStrategyStrategy

(IFIs working(IFIs workingGroup)Group)

22--3 months3 months

Sequencing, coordination of interventionsSequencing, coordination of interventions


Social SectorsSocial SectorsHousingHousingHealthHealthEducation, culture, Education, culture, sportssports

InfrastructureInfrastructureTransport and Transport and communicationscommunicationsEnergyEnergyWater and sewerageWater and sewerage

SECTOR BY SECTOR BUILDING BLOCKS AND CROSS CUTTING ISSUES SECTOR BY SECTOR BUILDING BLOCKS AND CROSS CUTTING ISSUES (sectoral and area approaches complement and feed on each other)(sectoral and area approaches complement and feed on each other)

Productive sectorsProductive sectorsGoods: agriculture, industryGoods: agriculture, industryServices: commerce, tourism, etc.Services: commerce, tourism, etc.

Global impactGlobal impactSustainability (effects on the Sustainability (effects on the environment)environment)Equity and rights (Gender Equity and rights (Gender perspective)perspective)Livelihoods (Employment and Livelihoods (Employment and social conditions)social conditions)Absorptive capacity Absorptive capacity (Macroeconomic conditions)(Macroeconomic conditions)Governance (security and Governance (security and institutional capacities)institutional capacities)


A “Cartesian perspective”: the axis to put needs in perspective

EMERGENCY EMERGENCY –– RESPONSE RESPONSE –– RECOVERY RECOVERY –– REHABILIATION REHABILIATION -- RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTION

HORIZONTALLY: data collection, information management that leadsHORIZONTALLY: data collection, information management that leads to to multimulti--tiered analysis from emergency through reconstructiontiered analysis from emergency through reconstruction

CROSS CUTTING, CROSS CUTTING, INCLUSIVE OF SECTORSINCLUSIVE OF SECTORS’’S EXPERTISE AND INSTITUTIONSS EXPERTISE AND INSTITUTIONS

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FROM LOCAL TO FROM LOCAL TO

REGIONAL REGIONAL

––

NATIONAL NATIONAL

--

INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL

DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTION

RECOVERY NEEDSRECOVERY NEEDS

PREPRE--EXISTING RISKEXISTING RISK

CONDITIONSCONDITIONSBASELINEBASELINE


Implementation, monitoring, evaluation and re-

assessment

Development of programmes, projects and

actionsStrategic planning

recovery and reconstruction

framework

Improved resilience, risk reduction,

transfer and inclusion of risk appropriation to

development framework

Reconstruction needs based on dialogue

/negotiation with affected community /

population / geographical or political unit / countrywide

Damage and loss assessment and

damage and needs identified sectoral and at

local level

Improved preparedness, early warning,

organization and training, capacity

building

Needs assessment

Planning ministries, inline ministries,

UNDP, IFIs, donors and NGOs

Financial ministries, international financial institutions, donors

and NGOs (consultative groups, donor conferences,

etc.)

PDNA

Emergency relief information

(affected population,

mortality/morbidity, shelters,

wat/san, nutrition, health, etc.)

Preparedness: prepositioned

shelters, supplies, evacuation and

response plans, etc.

Disaster damage and losses data

Hotspots, GRIP (as information

provider)

Existing response plans, resources, capacities,

communities at risk, etc.

Meteorological and geographic hazard mapping (national,

regional, international

sources), GIS, remote sensing, statistical series,

etc.

Risk and vulnerability assessments

HDI, MDGs, Country’s development

strategy, CAS, etc.

· Economic, technical and sector capacities, financing needs and

gaps

Disaster management agencies, OCHA, IFRC, local Red Cross/Crescent, NGOs, bilateral donors (OFDA,

ECHO, etc.)

Statistical offices, economic and social

indicators

Base line data

DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

RECONSTRUCTION PHASE (short to long term)

RECOVERY PHASE (immediate or early to short

term)

EMERGENCY AND HUMANTIARIAN

RESPONSE (immediate)

PRE DISASTER (from early warning to

immediate coping)


Post-disaster: early recovery phase COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES

10. Needs assessment – relief and response – Analysis and recommendation of relevant counter measures Illustrative tools: OCHAsituation reports; SPHERE Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards TIMEFRAME: FIRST 24 HOURS

2. Research – Identification of guiding authorities for post-disaster needs assessment (all phases) Illustrative authorities: Chambers and Conway “Sustainable Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century” ; Australian Standard AS/NZS 4360:2004 Risk Management. TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY

4. Tool and system development / inventory –Design, testing and inventory of systems and tools for steps 7 to19 across all clustersTIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY

Needs Assessment Process forNeeds Assessment Process for Humanitarian Disasters/Early RecoveryHumanitarian Disasters/Early Recovery clustercluster(UN HABITAT)(UN HABITAT)

3. Quality control – Development and dissemination of standards for post-disaster needs assessment tools and systems Examples: agreed indicators; agreed timelines; agreed information flow; agreed terminologyTIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY

7. Alerting – Production and dissemination of alerts regarding actual or possible humanitarian disasters (severity, exposure, vulnerability)Illustrative systems: Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System – Provides near real-time alerts about natural disasters around the world HEWS – Provider of analysis of possible occurrence of disasters TIMEFRAME: FIRST 12 HOURS

8. Technical loss estimation –Production and dissemination of technical estimates of hazard severityIllustrative authority: WAPMERR – Provides loss estimates for M6 earthquakes in populated areasTIMEFRAME: FIRST HOURS

6. Training, exercises and awareness – Design and conduct of programming for persons completing and receiving post-disaster needs assessments as well as appeal documents TIMEFRAME:ONGOING ACTIVITY

9. Information flow – Facilitation of the flow of operational information Illustrative systems: OCHA-OSOCC; OCHA-ReliefWeb; GLIDE ; UNOSAT –Provider and coordinator of disaster satellite images and maps TIMEFRAME: FIRST 12 HOURS

Pre-disaster: development phase IN COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES

Disaster: relief and response phase IN COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES

13. Early recovery planning – Development of plans to implement early recovery counter measures

14. Flash Appeal – Production and issuance of a flash appeal

15. Early recovery operations –Implementation of early recovery plans based on the response to the flash appealTIMEFRAME: 72 HOURS TO 2 WEEKS

5. Base-line data pre-loading– Identification of baseline data sources and pre-loading tools and systemsIllustrative sources: UN Millennium Development Indicators; UNDP Human Development index; ECHOVulnerability and Crisis Index TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY

16. Needs assessment – recovery –Analysis and recommendation of counter measures to restore or improve pre-disaster development outcomesIllustrative tools: ECLAC Handbook for Estimating the Socio-Economic and Environmental Effects of Disasters; GTZ, UNDP, World Bank, UNDG Practical Guide to Multilateral Needs Assessments in Post-Conflict Situations

Post-disaster: recovery phase (rehabilitation and reconstruction) IN COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES

11. Relief and response planning – Development of plans to implement relief and response counter measures TIMEFRAME: FIRST 48 HOURS

1. Development reports–Ongoing monitoring of development in countries which have/may confront disastersIllustrative authorities, systems and tools: UNMillennium Development Indicators; UNDP Human Development Index; ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis IndexTIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY

12. Needs assessment – early recovery – Analysis and recommendation of relevant counter measuresIllustrative authorities, systems and tools: Immediate Shelter Impact Assessment; Immediate Livelihood Impact Assessment; Methodology Rapid Assessment for Humanitarian Assistance

17. Recovery planning – Development of plans to implement recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction) counter measures

18. Donor Conference – Conduct of a donor conference

19. Project Management– Implementation and monitoring of recovery plans based on response to donor conferenceTIMEFRAME: 3 WEEKS ONWARDS

Repeat from Step 1Repeat from Step 1


ILO –

FAO

LIVELIHO

OD

ASSESSM

ENT

SEQU

ENC

E


Restating the principles on which to build Restating the principles on which to build the process (the process (““thingsthings”” that matter)that matter)

The The MULTIMULTI layer approach: multisectoral multilayer approach: multisectoral multi--institutional, multiinstitutional, multi--hazards and multihazards and multi--risk, multirisk, multi--culturalculturalThe The GAPGAP to be addressed: an area of needs is not adequately identified to be addressed: an area of needs is not adequately identified (after the emergency, and as humanitarian needs are identified (after the emergency, and as humanitarian needs are identified requirements must be met while the reconstruction process is undrequirements must be met while the reconstruction process is under er way)way)TheThe OVERLAPOVERLAP to be avoided: proactive response after a disaster may to be avoided: proactive response after a disaster may lead to multiple, sometimes repetitive assessments by many actorlead to multiple, sometimes repetitive assessments by many actors (that s (that must add together but should not repeat the process)must add together but should not repeat the process)The The SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLESUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE: UN (and other bilateral and NGOs) : UN (and other bilateral and NGOs) cooperation is to supply the affected with what they cannot provcooperation is to supply the affected with what they cannot provide by ide by themselves: a demand driven processthemselves: a demand driven processThe The VISION and MISSIONVISION and MISSION to be shared: (an agreed conceptual to be shared: (an agreed conceptual framework): recovery as part of a process that moves forward (noframework): recovery as part of a process that moves forward (not back t back to) a sustainable development process that is defined by the affto) a sustainable development process that is defined by the affected ected


Issues crucial to PDNAIssues crucial to PDNACommon understandingCommon understandingExperience and knowledge shareExperience and knowledge shareTechnical considerationsTechnical considerations

Harmonization, transfer and access to information between Harmonization, transfer and access to information between methodologies and toolsmethodologies and tools

Organizational considerationsOrganizational considerationsCoordination, avoid duplication and agreed response and Coordination, avoid duplication and agreed response and preparation platformspreparation platformsSequencing of assessments (simultaneity and nonSequencing of assessments (simultaneity and non--duplication)duplication)

TradeTrade--offsoffsTimeliness, accuracy and costsTimeliness, accuracy and costs

Training and research to advanceTraining and research to advance

17


What actions are needed?What actions are needed?PrePre--planning coordinationplanning coordinationRespond in a coordinated way to government Respond in a coordinated way to government multiple / conflicting / overlapping requestsmultiple / conflicting / overlapping requestsThe PDNA integrated proposal will The PDNA integrated proposal will

have to be ground tested and, on that basis, have to be ground tested and, on that basis, generate a dissemination / training programme that goes generate a dissemination / training programme that goes

to UN country teams in the filed and to UN country teams in the filed and to governmentsto governments’’ institutions that are in charge ofinstitutions that are in charge of

emergency management, emergency management, disaster assessment and disaster reduction disaster assessment and disaster reduction planning and policy formulation (including budgeting and financiplanning and policy formulation (including budgeting and financing)ng)


Some concrete proposals (so far)Some concrete proposals (so far)Comparability of data requires preComparability of data requires pre--disaster training disaster training and capabilities generation (within UN and and capabilities generation (within UN and governments at ground level)governments at ground level)Use of common dataUse of common data--gathering platform gathering platform (standardization of information gathering)(standardization of information gathering)Mapping of several results to be obtained Mapping of several results to be obtained sequentially, under a common framework (based on sequentially, under a common framework (based on ECLAC multisectoral, global approach)ECLAC multisectoral, global approach)GroundGround--test partial methodologies in a coordinated test partial methodologies in a coordinated ““umbrellaumbrella””Use of satellite imagery for assessment (if Use of satellite imagery for assessment (if appropriate baseline pre disaster data is available)appropriate baseline pre disaster data is available)


Coordination and trainingCoordination and training

““at the topat the top”” that allows (promotes) teamwork at the that allows (promotes) teamwork at the ground, field, level: UN country team to establish ground, field, level: UN country team to establish procedures that allow for cooperative, inclusive process procedures that allow for cooperative, inclusive process that will be followed in post disaster process.that will be followed in post disaster process.Recognize and interact with national Recognize and interact with national ––governmentalgovernmental––capacitiescapacitiesRecognize that the Recognize that the ““ownershipownership”” of the recovery and of the recovery and reconstruction, i.e. the definition of the needs, is of the reconstruction, i.e. the definition of the needs, is of the affected (community, local, national)affected (community, local, national)Training Training ––before the disasterbefore the disaster–– based on local capacities, based on local capacities, on existing tools and methodologies.on existing tools and methodologies.


Where are we going to be in Where are we going to be in July?July?

First, a mapping of existing toolsFirst, a mapping of existing toolsSecondly, an identification of ongoing methodological Secondly, an identification of ongoing methodological effortseffortsThirdly, advance in crossThirdly, advance in cross--cutting issues (gender, cutting issues (gender, environment)environment)Fourthly, concrete proposals for linkage and Fourthly, concrete proposals for linkage and harmonisation of existing tools and harmonisation of existing tools and methodolgiesmethodolgies, , through adaptation, coordination and addressing existing through adaptation, coordination and addressing existing gapsgaps

An initial version of a PDNA consisting of:An initial version of a PDNA consisting of:operational integrated guide for the assessment process,operational integrated guide for the assessment process,Information management tool proposal, andInformation management tool proposal, andhighlighting next steps that can be ground testedhighlighting next steps that can be ground tested


Thank you!Thank you!

http://http://groups.google.com/group/pdnagroups.google.com/group/pdna--forfor--recoveryrecovery

18

Discussion International Labour Organization (ILO) Mr Alfredo Lazarte-Hoyle, Director, Crisis Response and Reconstruction Programme, appreciated SAARC-UNDP/IRP joint initiative on Pre-DRP and opined that it has to be extended to the local level in support of strengthening recovery processes; importance to be attached to livelihood recovery to the poor and vulnerable; Pre-DRP to also take into account the accountability and transparency factors in recovery operations.

Swiss Agency for Development and Coordination (SDC) Mr. Marco Ferrari, Deputy Head of Humanitarian Aid, started by saying that he has been one of the strong supporters of the IRP and highlighted the following three points:

The critical importance of learning from past disasters to improve recovery; to strengthen collaboration which is at the heart of HFA and has also been reiterated by the Tsunami evaluation coalition support.

IRP has the potential to become the driving force for recovery as a part of the ISDR system, should lead coordinated and effective action avoiding the overlaps.

To support the ‘community of practice’ approach, and favoured the idea of recurrent Forum for discussion and exchange of experiences

Finally, he emphasised the need to work together in a coordinated and efficient way so as to realise the goals of HFA early. In this context IRP needs the active participation all the stake holders including governments as also donors who are invited to join these efforts. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Ms Cynthia Burton, Senior Officer, Post Disaster Recovery, Disaster Preparedness and Policy, highlighted the need for localization of PDNA tools, the challenges of bringing in local perspectives in resilient recovery and closer partnership with local NGOs/governments. She viewed IRP as a movement and looked forward to more international, humanitarian, local, NGOs, and community based organizations joining the process and partnerships, so also encouraging governments to implement PDNA process. She was of the opinion that international terminologies of recovery are often confusing and need to be contextualized for better adaptation at micro-levels. The national capacity for adaptation of PDNA needs to be built upon and IRP priorities rightly reflect this. United Nations Humanitarian Settlement Programme (UN-HABITAT) Ms. Mariko Sato, Coordinator, Rapid Response for Settlement in Crisis, highlighted

19

that the recovery challenges in SAARC region, which need to be addressed through creative IRP networking; the need for capacity building on the ground in SAARC region; addressing gender issues and strengthening of vulnerable sections of the society as an effective strategy of recovery.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN/OCHA) Mr. Fabrizio Gentiloni highlighted three major challenges – ・ coordination among multiple actors under

the overall umbrella of a thematic network like IRP;

・ funding support for networking activities, and;

・ finding new mechanism for recovery wherein community participation could be encouraged.

Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) Mr. Koji Suzuki, Executive Director, mentioned about the leadership role ADRC has been playing to promote IRP right from the beginning and further highlighted the partnership with IRP to strengthen tsunami recovery.

Ethiopia The representative from Ethiopia briefed about the gaps in recovery processes while responding to the recent floods in the country. The partnership effort through IRP was highlighted to address such gaps in developing countries. India Mr. Panjiar, Secretary (Disaster Management) from the Ministry of Home Affairs, highlighted the recovery program for South Asia particularly in the SAARC region. India, over the years, has developed very effective recovery programs for handling reconstruction and long term recovery. The government is constantly engaged in advocating that the new recovery paradigm should lead to coordinated rebuilding of the related sectors of economic, social, livelihood and environment with the active involvement of NGOs and local community. He further highlighted the efforts undertaken by India through enactment of a comprehensive disaster management bill, creation of Disaster Management Authorities at Central and State levels and formulation of Disaster Management policy, which have considerably enhanced the preparedness level in the country.

20

Concluding Remarks Mr. Satoru Nishikawa, Director, Cabinet Office of Japan, in his concluding remarks, highlighted the following: – The challenges facing IRP are

(i) to function as a catalyst at the global level,

(ii) to generate, enable and disseminate newer and innovative ideas, and;

(iii) to develop, organize and disseminate suitable knowledge products for better recovery;

– Cultivating and promoting IRP as a delivery centric thematic platform of ISDR;

– Enriching and strengthening of IRP by sharing ideas and closer partnership efforts;

– And lastly, IRP goals to be linked ultimately to achieve sustainable development in the long term.

The meeting ended with expressed thanks to the chair, co-chair, all the participants and especially the IRP secretariat which took the initiative to organise the event.

Side Event at the First Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction ‘International Recovery Platform - a Global Catalyst for Better Recovery’

＜＞Summary Report

―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― International Recovery Platform (IRP) Secretariat Hitomirai-kan 5F 1-5-2 Wakinohamakaigan-dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0073, JAPAN Tel: +81-78-262-6041 Fax: +81-78-262-6046 Website:http://www.recoveryplatform.org E-mail: [email protected] ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

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Side Event at the First Global Platform for Disaster Risk ... · disaster risk reduction and post disaster for longer term issues. She highlighted the role and vitality of IRP within