Sistem Pengolahan Air Limbah

7/21/2019 Sistem Pengolahan Air Limbah

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PENGOLAHAN AIRPENGOLAHAN AIRLIMBAHLIMBAH

TL 2104 Pengantar Teknik LingkunganProgram Studi Teknik Lingkungan ITB


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Air Limbah ??

Air limbah adalah sisa dari suatuhasil usaha dan/atau kegiatan yangberu!ud "air #omestik

Industri

$ena%a harus diolah??


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Kualitas Air Limbah(Domestik)

&mumnya seragam'

Perbedaan konsumsi air' %ola makan

Parameter Senyaa organik ( B)#* dan +)#

Senyaa golongan ,itrogen ( ,-.' ,).' ,)2' ,organik

Padatan ( TSS

Bahan lain ( #eter!en

ikrobiologi ( Total "oli


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Kualitas Air Limbah (Domestik)()

Parameter $un"i( TSS' B)#*' )ilrease' %-

Baku utu 3uen (

$e%utusan enteri Lingkungan -idu% ,o5 112 Tahun 200.

tentang Baku utu 3uen Air Limbah #omestik

Baku utu 3uen $e%men5 L- ,o5 112 Tahun 200.

Parameter Satuan Konsentrasi

TSS mg/l 100

pH 6-8

BOD5 mg/l 100


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Karakteristik Air Limbah

Japan International Corporation Agency Departemen Pekerjaan Umum RI.

BOD

Hig !n"ome #$%& gr/org/ari

'i((le !n"ome $1%) gr/org/ari

*o+ !n"ome ,6%8 gr/org/ari

Proyek Pengembangan Baku Mutu Lingkungan Departemen Pekerjaan Umum RI

!ompo"i"i Air Buangan In#one"ia $.

BOD

Kuat #00 ppm

'e(ium ,,0 ppm

*ema 110 ppm

Metcal%% 1&&1 .S TSS 60 115

gr/org/ari

&PC'(1&5& .S TSS &0 gr/org/ari

Ran#al(1&80 TSS $6 gr/org/ari


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Kualitas Air Limbah(Domestik)!"

Senyaa organik ( B)#* atau +)# 6asio B)#/+)# indikasi sebera%a

sulit suatu air limbah da%at diolah

se"ara biologi

+)# 7 B)# makin sulit !enis limbah

tersebut diolah dengan %roses biologi


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K&'H

O

"% * K

&r

O

+% " H

,O

"

- &O% "- HO % * &r(,O")%

K,O"

#hat is &OD$

COD Reaction

KHP Dichromate

oxidantAcid

Carbon Dioxide Water Chromic Ion


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&hemi.al O/01e2 Dema23(&OD)


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&OD 4s BOD

Pi"ky bugs >s +lean Plate +lub"hemi"als

+)# measurements ill alays behigher than B)# measurements

BOD &OD


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Kualitas Air Limbah(I23ustri)

Berbeda dengan air limbah domestik

Ber>ariasi !enis industri dan %roses

Parameter $imia ( beragam

Logam berat ( industri elektro%lating' industri metal'industri %enyamakan kulit' industri batu batere dll5

B)#/+)# industri makananminuman ( biodegradable

Industri kimia/armasi B)#/+)# ke"il


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5luktuasi Pemakaia2 Air


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Perbe3aa2 Limbah &airDomestik 3a2 I23ustri

P'2T2 ST.3 DO'2ST!K !3D.ST!

BOD mg/l 100-$00 0 -)04000

OD mg/l 150-500 0-1004000

SS mg/l 100-500 0-

3H#7 mg/l 15-50 0-

*ogam erat mg/l 0 0-


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607i.al ra21e o8 BOD a23 ,9,9 loa38or i23ustrial a23 mu2i.i7al

:aste:ater

* Rapid assessment or industrial pollution

Origin of waste

Biochemical oxygendemand

BOD (kg/tonproduct)

Total uspendedsolids

T (kg/tonproduct)

Domestic se!age"#"2$ (%g&day&person) "#"22 (%g&day&person)

Dairy industry $#' 2#2

east industry 2$ #+

tarc . glucose industry '#/ 0#+

Fruits . 1egetable canning

industry

2#$ /#'

extile industry '" - '/ $$ - 03

4ulp . paper industry / - '" #$ - 23

Be1erage industry 2#$ - 22" #' - 2$+

annery industry / - 3 $ - $$


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Pe21olaha2 Air

Limbah


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,kema Pe21olaha2 AirLimbah

Pretreatment:Primary Treatment;

Se"ondary

Treatment Tertiary Treatment

:Ad>an"e Treatment;

Sludge -andling


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P2T2T'23T

P!'9T2T'23T

S2O3D9T2T'23T

D:32DT2T'23T e;luen

"lu#ge

treatment

in;luen

"oarse materials

an(/or oil i P l h ,


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>e2is Pe21olaha2 ,e.araBiolo1i

Berdasarkan kebutuhan oksigen( Pengolahan se"ara aerob

+)# F 4000 mg/l :relati rendah; +ontoh(

$olam :$olam Stabilisasi' aerated Lagoon; Tri"kling 8ilter 6otating Biologi"al +ontra"tor A"ti>ated Sludge odiCkasi A"ti>ated Sludge :$ontak Stabilisasi'

39tended Aeration' )9idation #it"h;

Pengolahan se"ara anaerob +ontoh(

ImhoG Tank &% Ho Anaerobi" Sludge Blanket :&ASB;


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PRI5+IP P15/-LA)A5 +1CARA BI-L-/I

63A$SI (AT )6A,I$ J ,&T6ISI J )2 +)2 J -2) J S3L BA6&

J SISA )6A,I$ KA, TI#A$T36&6AI

S2* B.

O,? H,O

@T OA3!K

3.T!S!

O,

S.BSTT

S2* B.

O,? H,O ? 3,? P

O,? H,O ? 3,? P


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BIO&HEMI&AL REA&6ION,

In biologi"al treatment %ro"esses' the material tobe stabilied %ro>ides the basi" nutritional andenergy re=uirements or its "on>ersion into end%rodu"ts and ne mi"roorganisms5

In the absen"e o organi" matter' mi"roorganisms"an e9ist or some time be"ause o thee9isten"e o auto!o/i3atio2 or e23o1e2ousres7iratio2in hi"h "ells use themsel>es orsur>i>al5

In endogenous res%iration' hi"h takes %la"e"ontinuously in a biologi"al system' "ells dieand lyse to release organi" matter and nutrientsba"k into the system here they "an be reused5


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e"hanism o organi" remo>al bybioo9idation

15 6emo>al o sus%ended matter byenmeshment in biologi"al Ho"s

25 6emo>al o "olloidal material by%hysi"o"hemi"al adsor%tion onbiologi"al Ho"s

.5 A biosor%tion o soluble organi"matter by the mi"robe5


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$etiga mekanisme tsb ter!adi begitubiomassa kontak dengan limbah5

ateri tersus%ensi dan koloid

se=uential breakdon to smallermole"ules a>ailable to the "ell o9idation and synthesis

$e"e%atan reaksi tergantung %ada( $arakteristik limbah

$onsentrasi LESS


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1 2 u a l i 3 a t i o nB a " i n

P r i m a r yC l a r i % i e r

A e r o b i c , A n a e r o b i c

+ l u # g e D i g e " t e r

/ r a 4 i t y + l u # g e* 0 i c k e n e r

+ e c o n # a r yC l a r i % i e r

5 i t r i % i c a t i o nB a " i nA e r a t i o n B a " i n

P l a n t I n l e t I n % l u e n t $

' i n a l' i l t r a t i o n

D i " i n % e c t i o n

P l a n t 1 % % l u e n t

R e t u r n A c t i 4 a t e # + l u # g e R A + $

& a " t e A c t i 4 a t e # + l u # g e & A + $

+ l u # g eD e 6 a t e r i n g

+ l u # g eD i " p o " a l

+ l u # g eD i " p o " a l

C e n t r a t e

7

7

7

7777 7


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6a21ki Aerasi

"ti>ate( Slu(ge*umpur =ti;

,e.o23ar0


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,e.o23ar0,e3ime2tatio2

6a21ki Aerasi 3a2


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6a21ki Aerasi 3a2&lari?er

R kt D M k


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Reaktor De21a2 Me211u2aka25ee3ba.k Biomassa (Lum7ur

Akti8)


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6ri.kli21 5ilter

RB& @ Rotati21 Biolo1i.al


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RB& @ Rotati21 Biolo1i.al&o2tra.tor


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)9ydation #it"h


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Kombi2asi E/te23e3 Aeratio23e21a2 &o2ta.t ,tabiliatio2

Total aktu aerasi untuk 39tended Aeration adalah 20 !am Total aktu untuk "onta"t stabiliation adalah MN !am

Sistem tsb mem%unyai s%are "a%a"ity . kali biladio%erasikan sebagai "onta"t stabilisasi

eration Tan=

Stailiation

eration Tan=

onta"t

lari;ier

Tan=

6ertiar0A34a2.e3


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6ertiar0A34a2.e36reatme2t

6emo>al o Sus%ended Solids i"rostraining +oagulation and Ho""ulation 8iltration

6emo>al o #issol>ed Solids Ion e9"hange 6) 3le"trodialysis ,itrogen remo>al

Adsor%tion Phos%hate remo>al Sludge treatment and #is%osal #isine"tion


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$onse% Oater 6e&se

Limbah "air domestik %rimaryse"ondarytertiary treatment reusesebagai(

Air Hushing toilet Irigasi taman' "u"i mobil

Limbah "air industri %rimaryse"ondarytertiary treatment reuse sebagai(

Air %roses industri' mis( industri tekstil

Air hydrant


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,lu31e Ha23li21

Belt %ress


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Belt %ress


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8ilter Press


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#e"anter/. %hase "entriuge


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Pe21emba21a2 La2Cut

Perkembangan Teknologi


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Documents

Sistem Pengolahan Air Limbah