sisxlis samartlis procesi - iuristebi.files.wordpress.comsisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT miniWebuli sapro-ceso uflebebiT da akisriaT movaleobebi. aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis pirebis

sisxlis samarTlis proce s i

(zogadi nawilis calkeuli

institutebi)

meore gamocema

gamomcemloba `samarTali~

Tbilisi _ 2009

3

wignSi gadmocemulia sisxlis samarTlis procesis zoga-

di nawilis calkeuli institutebi, im sakanonmdeblo cvli-

lebebiT, romelic maT ganicades. aris garkveuli Teoriuli

sakiTxebis individualuri gadawyvetis mcdelobac, rac naSroms

sainteresos xdis.

wigni gankuTvnilia umaRlesi saswavleblebis iuridiuli

fakultetis studentebisaTvis da sazogadoebis im wevrTaTvis,

romlebic dainteresubulni arian sisxlis samarTlis proce-

sis sakiTxebiT. naSromi daxmarebas gauwevs praqtikaSi moRvawe

iuristebs, aseve magistrantebs, doqtorantebs.

avtorTa koleqtivis xelmZRvaneli

da redaqtori prof. rezo gogSeliZerezo gogSeliZe

winamdebare naSromis avtorebi arian:

samarTlis doqtori, asoc. prof. i. aqubardiai. aqubardia _

Tavi IV, V Tavis $2; $3; $5; $6; $7; $8; $9; $12.

samarTlis doqtori, sruli prof. r. gogSeliZer. gogSeliZe _

Tavi I; Tavi II; Tavi III; V Tavis $11; Tavi VII;

VIII Tavis $1; $2; $4; $5; $6.

samarTlis doqtori, Tsu asoc. prof. l. fafiaSvilil. fafiaSvili _

V Tavis $1; $4; $10. VIII Tavis $3; $7.

samarTlis doqtori, Tsu as. prof. n. gogniaSvili _ n. gogniaSvili _ Tavi VI

meore gamocema

© gamomcemloba `samarTali~, 2009

ISBN 99940-807-8-4

SinaarsiSinaarsi

Tavi Tavi I

sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi, amocanebi,

mizani, saproceso forma, saproceso garantiebi,

saproceso funqciebi da sisxlis samarTlis

procesis stadiebi ................................................................................ 7

$1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi$1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi ............................................ ............................................77

$2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocanebi da mizani$2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocanebi da mizani ........ ........1177

$3. saproceso forma da misi mniSvneloba$3. saproceso forma da misi mniSvneloba ................................. .................................2299

$4. saproceso garantiebis arsi$4. saproceso garantiebis arsi ........................................................ ........................................................3333

$5. saproceso funqciis arsi da saxeebi$5. saproceso funqciis arsi da saxeebi ...................................... ......................................3388

$6. sisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebi$6. sisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebi ............................... ...............................6644

Tavi ITavi II

sisxlis saproceso samarTali da misi

wyaroebi .........................................................................................................72

$1. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis cneba$1. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis cneba ..................................... ..................................... 7722

$2. sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobani$2. sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobani ........ ........7799

$3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis $3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyaroebiwyaroebi.......................................................... 8844

$4. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis formebi$4. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis formebi .............................. ..............................9900

$5. sisxlis saproceso samarTali iuridiul $5. sisxlis saproceso samarTali iuridiul

mecnierebaTa sistemaSimecnierebaTa sistemaSi ................................................................... ...................................................................9988

$6. sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc $6. sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc

mecniereba.mecniereba. ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ 101022

Tavi IIITavi III

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis

moqmedebis farglebi ..................................................................... 106

$1. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis $1. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis

moqmedeba droSimoqmedeba droSi ............................................................................... ............................................................................... 110066

$2. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis moqmedeba $2. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis moqmedeba

sivrceSisivrceSi ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................110099

4 5

$3. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis moqmdeba ucxo $3. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis moqmdeba ucxo

saxelmwifos moqalaqisa da moqalaqeobis armqone saxelmwifos moqalaqisa da moqalaqeobis armqone

pirTa mimarTpirTa mimarT ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................111122

Tavi ITavi IV

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi ........................ 117

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebis sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebis

cneba da sistemacneba da sistema ............................................................................... ............................................................................... 111177

Tavi Tavi V

procesis monawileni .............................................................................. 179

$1. sasamarTlo$1. sasamarTlo ........................................................................................... ...........................................................................................117799

$2. prokurori$2. prokurori ........................................................................................... ........................................................................................... 119988

$3. gamomZieblis samarTlebrivi statusi$3. gamomZieblis samarTlebrivi statusi ................................ ................................ 220033

$4 dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli $4 dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli

sisxlis samarTlis procesSisisxlis samarTlis procesSi .................................................. .................................................. 212133

$5. eWvmitanilis samarTlebrivi statusi$5. eWvmitanilis samarTlebrivi statusi ................................ ................................232355

$6. braldebulis samarTlebrivi statusi da $6. braldebulis samarTlebrivi statusi da

ufleba-movaleobebiufleba-movaleobebi ....................................................................... .......................................................................242411

$7. damcvelis samarTlebrivi statusi da $7. damcvelis samarTlebrivi statusi da

ufleba-movaleobebiufleba-movaleobebi ...................................................................... ...................................................................... 252544

$8. samoqalaqo mosarCele da misi warmomadgeneli$8. samoqalaqo mosarCele da misi warmomadgeneli ........... ........... 262677

$9. samoqalaqo mopasuxe da misi warmomadgeneli$9. samoqalaqo mopasuxe da misi warmomadgeneli ............... ...............272788

$10. pirebi, romlebic moiwvevian saqmeze WeSmaritebis $10. pirebi, romlebic moiwvevian saqmeze WeSmaritebis

dadgenaSi daxmarebis gasawevad (mowme, eqsperti, dadgenaSi daxmarebis gasawevad (mowme, eqsperti,

specialisti, Tarjimani, specialisti, Tarjimani, damswre) rogorc damswre) rogorc

procesis subieqtebiprocesis subieqtebi ...................................................................... ......................................................................282833

mowmemowme ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................282833

TarjimaniTarjimani .............................................................................................. ..............................................................................................292999

eqspertieqsperti ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ 303022

specialistispecialisti ......................................................................................... ......................................................................................... 313100

damswredamswre ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... 313122

$11. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobis $11. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobis

gamomricxavi garemoebani. acilebagamomricxavi garemoebani. acileba ......................................... .........................................331155

acilebisa da TviTacilebis gancxadebisa da acilebisa da TviTacilebis gancxadebisa da

gadawyvetis wesigadawyvetis wesi ....................................................................... .......................................................................323255

$12. sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa dacvis $12. sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa dacvis

specialuri RonisZiebanispecialuri RonisZiebani ............................................................. .............................................................332288

Tavi VTavi VI

mtkicebulebani da mtkiceba sisxlis samarTlis

procesSi ......................................................................................................341

$.1. mtkicebiTi samarTlisa da mtkicebiTi Teoriis $.1. mtkicebiTi samarTlisa da mtkicebiTi Teoriis

cnebacneba ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................ 334411

$2. mtkicebulebis cneba sisxlis samarTlis $2. mtkicebulebis cneba sisxlis samarTlis

procesSiprocesSi ............................................................................................... ...............................................................................................334455

$3. mtkicebis sagani da mtkicebis farglebi$3. mtkicebis sagani da mtkicebis farglebi ......................... ......................... 334949

$4. mtkicebulebaTa calkeuli saxeebi$4. mtkicebulebaTa calkeuli saxeebi ...................................... ...................................... 336600

$5. mtkicebulebaTa klasifikacia$5. mtkicebulebaTa klasifikacia .................................................. .................................................. 339966

$6. mtkicebis procesi$6. mtkicebis procesi ........................................................................... ...........................................................................440011

Tavi VITavi VII

pasuxismgebloba winaswari gamoZiebis dros da

sasamarTloSi saproceso movaleobaTa Seus-

ruleblobisa da wesrigis darRvevisaTvis ........407

Tavi VIITavi VIII

sisxlis samarTlis procesis zogadi nawilis

sxva debulebebi .................................................................................. 416

$1. saproceso vadebi$1. saproceso vadebi .............................................................................. ..............................................................................441166

$2. sasamarTlo xarjebi$2. sasamarTlo xarjebi ....................................................................... .......................................................................442211

$3. reabilitacia $3. reabilitacia ................................................................................... ................................................................................... 442255

$4. Suamdgomloba$4. Suamdgomloba ..................................................................................... .....................................................................................443377

$5. saCivari$5. saCivari ................................................................................................. .................................................................................................444400

$6. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianeba da $6. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianeba da

gamoyofagamoyofa ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... 444455

6 7

Tavi ITavi I

sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi, amocanebi, mizani, saproceso forma, saproceso garantiebi,

saproceso funqciebi da sisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebi

$1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi$1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi

saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc msoflios sxvadasxva

qveynebSi SeiniSneba danaSaulTa mateba. ra uwyobs xels,

ra faqtorebi ganapirobeben danaSaulis arnaxul zrdas? _

pasuxi martivia: mZime socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebi,

umuSevroba, zogierTi adamianis ltolva kanonis darRveviT

qonebis dagrovebisa, sazogadoebis nawilis zneobrivi degra-

dacia, saxelmwifo ideologiis, rogorc adamianis mrwamsis

ararseboba, mosaxleobis did nawilSi siRaribe, mxolod

mcire nawilSi _ simdidre da mravali sxva.

samarTaldamcavi organoebi ver axerxeben Zirfesvianad

amoZirkvon danaSaulis xelSemwyobi mizezebi, faqtorebi,

magram cdiloben iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyenebiT mx-

olod SeaCeron danaSauli. Znelia sazogadoebis marTva

mxolod da mxolod qmedebis amkrZalavi normebiT.

danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola advilia im saxelmwi-

foebSi, sadac ekonomikuri da politikuri berketebis

balansiT Seqmnilia harmoniuli Tanacxovreba sazogadoe-

bis wevrebs Soris.

magram ramdenadac, calkeul qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarT-

veloSic adgili aqvs kanondarRvevebs (danaSauls), Cndeba

kiTxva, rogor movaxerxoT danaSaulis gaxsna? pasuxs das-

mul kiTxvaze vipoviT iseT iuridiul disciplinaSi,

rogoricaa sisxlis samarTlis procesi, romelic ganusaz-

$7 samarTlebrivi daxmareba da urTierToba $7 samarTlebrivi daxmareba da urTierToba

sazRvargareTis saxelmwifoebTansazRvargareTis saxelmwifoebTan ......................................... ......................................... 444477

a)a) samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da

sasamarTlo moqmedebebis Catarebis, mowmeTa Cvene-sasamarTlo moqmedebebis Catarebis, mowmeTa Cvene-

bebis, mtkicebulebaTa, masalebis an dokumentebis, bebis, mtkicebulebaTa, masalebis an dokumentebis,

informaciis miRebis mizniT informaciis miRebis mizniT ..........................................................................................444949

b)b) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mtkicebulebaTa da samarTlebrivi daxmareba mtkicebulebaTa da

informaciis, dokumentebis da masalebis gadacemis informaciis, dokumentebis da masalebis gadacemis

sakiTxebSisakiTxebSi ........................................................................................ ........................................................................................445544

g)g) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mowmed, eqspertad, samarTlebrivi daxmareba mowmed, eqspertad,

dazaralebulad, samoqalaqo mosarCeled / dazaralebulad, samoqalaqo mosarCeled /

mopasuxed pirTa mowvevis sakiTxebSimopasuxed pirTa mowvevis sakiTxebSi ............................. .............................445566

d) eqstradiciad) eqstradicia ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 460460

8 9

Rvravs kompetentur saxelmwifo organoebs, Tu rogori

wesebisa da pirobebis dacviT, ra moqmedebebis CatarebiT

iqnes gamoZiebuli da gaxsnili danaSauli.

ufro naTeli, rom gavxadoT sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesis buneba, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, gavxsnaT sityvis _

`procesi~ arsi (ramdenadac viciT ras niSnavs `sisxlis

samarTali~). sityva `procesi~ _ laTinuri warmoSobisaa

(`processus~) da qarTulad niSnavs _ winsvlas. Tu `pro-

cesis~ nacvlad winsvlas gamoviyenebT _ miviRebT ̀ sisxlis

samarTlis winsvlas~, magram mxedvelobaSia ara `sisxlis

samarTlis~ mecnierebis winsvlis, moZraobis Seswavla,

aramed sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobis, winsvlis

Seswavla. sad veZeboT sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sawyisi?

saidan iwyebs igi moZraobas? da saiT miemarTeba? SeiZleba

martivad vTqvaT: sisxlis samarTlis saqme moZraobas, wins-

vlas iwyebs im momentidan, rodesac momxdar faqtTan

dakavSirebiT daiwyeba gamoZieba da miemarTeba sasamarTlo-

saken, raTa dadgindes ganxorcielebulia Tu ara danaSaulis

Semadgenlobis niSnebi, vin aris braleuli kanonsawinaaRm-

dego qmedebis CadenaSi, vis daedos msjavri da vin iqnes

cnobili msjavrdebulad?

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobis, winsvlis mamoZ-

ravebeli Zalebis, subieqtTa wre sisxlis samarTlis sap-

roceso kanonmdeblobiTaa gansazRvruli. subieqtTa am wres

miekuTvneba: gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle da sasa-

marTlo, romlebic TavianTi saqmianobis dros sargebloben

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT miniWebuli sapro-

ceso uflebebiT da akisriaT movaleobebi.

aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis pirebis saqmianoba qaosurad ki

ar mimdinareobs, aramed erTian sistemas warmoadgens, mo-

qceulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis CarCoebSi

da qmnis imis garants, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZ-

raobis dros daculi iqneba kanonis uzenaesoba da proce-

sis monawileTa uflebebi.

ase magaliTad, gamomZiebeli, romelic sisxlis samar-

Tlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT aRWurvilia garkveuli

uflebamosilebiT, momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT iwyebs

gamoZiebas, atarebs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT

gansazRvrul saproceso moqmedebebs: SemTxvevis adgilis

daTvaliereba, Cxreka, amoReba, dakiTxva, eqspertizis daniS-

vna da a.S., raTa Sekribos sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad. prokurori ki,

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze axorcielebs gamoZiebis sap-

roceso xelmZRvanelobas. rac gulisxmobs imas, rom igi

gamomZiebels aZlevs sxvadasxva saxis miTiTebebs, exmareba

mas gamoZieba awarmoos yovelmxriv, srulad, obieqturad,

gamoavlinos braldebulis rogorc mamxilebeli, aseve

gamamarTlebeli garemoebebi, agreTve braldebulis pasux-

ismgeblobis damamZimebeli Tu Semamsubuqebeli garemoebe-

bi.

mas Semdeg, rac prokurori miiCnevs, rom winasasamarT-

lo gamoZiebis etapze Sekrebili mtkicebulebebisa da in-

formaciis erToblioba sakmarmisia gonivruli eWvisaTvis,

rom pirma Caidina danaSauli, gamoaqvs dadgenileba piris

braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb an aZlevs

Tanxmobas gamomZiebels aseTi dadgenilebis gamotanis Tao-

baze. winaswari gamoZieba sruldeba prokuroris mier sa-

braldebo daskvnis SedgeniT.

sabraldebo daskvna aris braldebulisadmi wardgenili

braldebis mokle werilobiTi aRwera, igi safuZveli

xdeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTloSi gadagza-

vnisa. sasamarTloSi ki sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganx-

10 11

ilva da gadawyveta moxdeba erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis

mier an kolegiurad mosamarTleTa SemadgenlobiT, romel-

ic sruldeba ganaCenis gamotaniT.

zemoT naCvenebi msjelobidan ikveTeba, rom sisxlis

samarTlis procesis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementi unda erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementi unda

iyos _ sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT gansaz-iyos _ sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT gansaz-

Rvruli gamomZieblisa da prokuroris (gamoZiebisa da Rvruli gamomZieblisa da prokuroris (gamoZiebisa da

prokuraturis organoebis) saqmianoba,prokuraturis organoebis) saqmianoba, mimarTuli danaSau-

lis faqtis gamoZiebisaken, da aseve, mosamarTlis (sasa-mosamarTlis (sasa-

marTlos) saqmianobamarTlos) saqmianoba, mimarTuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

ganxilvisa da gadawyvetisaken.

faqtTan dakavSirebiT iwyeba ra gamoZieba, sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqmis moZraoba _ procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi

(gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo) sisx-

lis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobidan gamomdinare

valdebulni arian gamokveTon pirebi, romlebic dainter-

esebulni arian sisxlis samarTlis saqmis SedegiT, e.i.

icaven sakuTar interesebs an arian maTi warmomadgenlebi.

eseni gaxlavT: dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli;

braldebuli da misi damcveli. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

gamoZiebis dros, procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi saqmeSi

moiwveven im pirebs, romlebic floben informacias momxdari

faqtis Sesaxeb (mowme, eqsperti), aseve saqmeSi CarTaven

damxmare funqciis Sesasruleblad: specialists, Tarjimans,

sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivans. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi

Cabmuli zemoT xsenebuli pirebic axorcieleben sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT miniWebuli sapro-

ceso uflebebisa da dakisrebuli movaleobebis safuZvelze

gansazRvrul saqmianobas (ganacxadeben Suamdgomlobas, ac-

ilebas, monawileoben sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa CatarebaSi,

gamodian sasamarTloSi da a.S.), riTac xels uwyoben konk-

retul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadge-

nas.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniSnuli pirebis savaldebulo

monawileoba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, sisxlis samarTlis

procesis aseve mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elemetiaaseve mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elemetia, emsax-

ureba sisxlis samarTlis procesis bunebis gaxsnas.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebis dros saqmeSi Cab-

muli pirebi, eseni iqnebian: procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi

(gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo) Tu

procesis sxva monawileni (dazaralebuli, misi warmomad-

geneli, braldebuli, misi damcveli, mowme, eqsperti, spe-

cialisti, Tarjimani) erTmaneTTan mWidrod arian dakav-

Sirebuli. ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis dros

procesis monawileTa saproceso uflebebisa da movaleobe-

bis realizaciis dros maT Soris uamravi saproceso urT-

ierTobebi aRmocendeba. amdagvari saproceso urTierTobe-

bis safuZvelze sisxlis samarTlis procesis winaSe mdgari

amocanebisa da miznis Sesruleba miRwevadi xdeba. sisxlis

samarTlis procesi saproceso urTierTobis gareSe yovlad

warmoudgenelia, regulirebis sagnis gareSe darCeboda.

amitom unda iTqvas, rom procesis monawileebs Soris procesis monawileebs Soris

aRmocenebuli saproceso urTierTobacaRmocenebuli saproceso urTierTobac (aq igulisxmeba

urTierToba, rogorc uSualod procesis mwarmoebel pirebs

Soris, aseve urTierToba procesis mwarmoebel pirebsa da

procesis sxva monawileebs Soris, TviT procesis sxva

monawileebs Soris), romelic sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso normebiT wesrigdeba _ sisxlis samarTlis procesis sisxlis samarTlis procesis

elementiaelementia. am elements sinaTle Seaqvs sisxlis samarTlis

procesis arsSi, misi arteriaa.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis damoukidebel iuridiul

disciplinad arsebobas gamarTleba ver moeZebneboda, Tu

12 13

mis winaSe garkveuli amocanebis gadawyveta ar daismeboda

da ar disaxeboda garkveuli miznis miRweva. unda iTqvas,

rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba (winsvla) saboloo

jamSi sisxlis samarTlis procesis winaSe mdgari amocane-

bis gadawyvetas da miznis miRwevas emsaxureba. sisxlis

samarTlis procesis mizani is mwvervalia, sadac sisxlis

samarTlis procesi Tavisi arsebobis gamarTlebas poulobs.

amitom unda iTqvas sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizani, sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizani,

romelic sisxlis samarTlis procesis bunebas avsebs da romelic sisxlis samarTlis procesis bunebas avsebs da

amyarebs unda CaiTvalos mis erT-erT elementadamyarebs unda CaiTvalos mis erT-erT elementad (sisxlis

samarTlis procesis amocanebze da mizanze qvemoT gveqneba

saubari).

yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba Sevjer-

deT da davaskvnaT: sisxlis samarTlis procesi aris sisxlis samarTlis procesi aris

gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlosa da gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlosa da

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawileTa kanoniT mowes-sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawileTa kanoniT mowes-

rigebuli saqmianoba, mimarTuli konkretul sisxlis sa-rigebuli saqmianoba, mimarTuli konkretul sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.marTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis aRniSnul ganmartebaSi

SevecadeT gadmogveca misTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebi.

TumcaRa saproceso literaturis gacnoba dagvarwmunebs,

rom arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsis gagebis

uamravi varianti. kerZod, germaneli mecnieri iuristebi

miiCneven, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesi _ es aris kano-

niT mowesrigebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba im

mizniT, rom dadgindes ganaCeni. am ganmartebaSi aris WeS-

maritebis marcvali.

frang mecnier iuristebs sisxlis samarTlis procesis

arsi sxvadasxvagvarad aqvT gagebuli, yvela Sexedulebis

CamoTvla Sors wagviyvans, moviyvanT mxolod Jan pradel-

iseul xedvas, romelic sisxlis samarTlis process or

nawilad yofs: erTis mxriv _ sasamarTlo da mosamarTle

da meores mxriv sakuTriv procesi (sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis moZraoba). anviTarebs ra sakuTar mosazrebas, igi

wers, rom: ̀ sisxlis saproceso samarTali awesrigebs sar-

Celis instituts (mxedvelobaSia sajaro da samoqalaqo),

romlis wardgeniTac iwyeba saqmis warmoeba da aseve awes-

rigebs iusticiis organoebis status da organizacias, es

warmoeba ra Tqma unda gulisxmobs TviT warmoebis wess~.

zogierTi franguli iuridiuli doqtrina: `sisxlis sa-

marTlis process ganixilavs, rogorc mxolod kompeten-

turi saxelmwifo organoebis saqmianobis sistemas, mi-

marTuls sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sawarmoeblad~.

rac Seexeba amerikel mecnierebs, maT Sorisac azrTa

sxvadasxvaobaa sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsTan dakav-

SirebiT. kaliforniis universitetis profesori r. perkinsi

werda: `sisxlis samarTlis procesi _ esaa formaluri

meqanizmi, romelic dawesebulia materialuri sisxlis

samarTlis ganxorcielebisaTvis~, am ganmartebaSi marTlac

aris WeSmariteba. C. frikki ki SeniSnavda: `sisxlis samar-

Tlis procesi _ esaa samarTliT gawerili meTodi piris

dakavebis, sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganx-

ilvis, danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis, agreTve danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT

sasjelis gansazRvris Sesaxeb~.

dRes, amerikis umaRles iuridiul saswavleblebSi

gavrcelebul sisxlis samarTlis procesis saxelmZR-

vaneloebSi gvxvdeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis Semdegi

definicia: `rom sisxlis samarTlis procesi es aris is

procedura, romelsac gaivlis sisxlis samarTlis saqme

piris dapatimrebis momentidan sasjelis daniSvnis momen-

tamde~. aqve, imasac dasZenen, rom: àmerikuli sisxlis

14 15

samarTlis sistemis modeli gvevlineba SejibrebiTobisa da

braldebis modelad. sisxlis samarTlis procesi unda

abalansebdes braldebulis uflebasa da saxelmwifos in-

teresebs swrafi da efeqtiani marTlmsajulebis ganxor-

cielebis meSveobiT da ra Tqma unda samarTlianobisadmi

swrafviT~.

sxvadasxva xedvaa sisxlis samarTlis procesis ele-

mentebTan mimarTebaSic. ase magaliTad, m.s. strogoviCi

saubrobs ra sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsze, masSi

xedavs or ZiriTad elements: a) gamoZiebis organoebis,

prokuraturisa da sasamarTlos saqmianobas, aRmocenebuls

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis safuZvelze da

b) samarTlebrivi urTierToba, rogorc uSualod aRniSnul

organoebs Soris, aseve aRniSnul organoebsa da im mo-

qalaqeebsa da organizaciebs Soris, romlebzedac vrcel-

deba procesis mwarmoebel organoTa saqmianoba. rogoria

kavSiri sisxlis samarTlis procesis am or elements So-

ris? esaa _ kavSiri Sinaarsisa da formisa. sisxlis sap-

roceso samarTlebrivi urTierToba, romelic aRmocendeba

procesis mwarmoebel organoebs Soris danaSaulis winaaRm-

deg brZolis sferoSi aris samarTlebrivi forma, xolo

aRniSnuli organoebis saqmianoba aris sisxlis saproceso

samarTlebrivi urTierTobis Sinaarsi.

zogierT rusul saxelmZRvaneloSi sisxlis samarTlis

procesis sam elementzea saubari: a) sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul saxelmwifo or-

ganoTa, Tanamdebobis pirTa da im pirTa saqmianoba, romlebic

wodebulni arian procesis monawileebad: b) sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqmis moZraobis Sedegad procesis monawileebs

Soris aRmocenebuli samarTlebrivi urTierTobani; g) pro-

cesis mwarmoebel pirTa da procesis sxva monawileTa

saqmianobisa da am saqmianobis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli

urTierTobebis samarTlebrivi mowesrigeba. aris mosazreba,

romelic sisxlis samarTlis procesSi oTx elements

gamoyofs.

saproceso literaturaSi xSirad daismis xolme

sakiTxi sisxlis samarTlis procesisa da marTlmsajuleb-sisxlis samarTlis procesisa da marTlmsajuleb-

is mimarTebis Sesaxebis mimarTebis Sesaxeb. rodesac sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesis cnebas vayalibebdiT, SevniSnavdiT, rom: `sisxlis

samarTlis procesi aris gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosa-

marTlis, sasamarTlosa da sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis sxva

monawileTa kanoniT mowesrigebuli saqmianoba~. sisxlis

samarTlis procesis bunebis gasaxsnelad vasaxelebT iseT

elementebs, rogoricaa sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZrao-

bis dros saxelmwifo organoebisa da Tanamdebobis pirTa

saqmianoba, am organoebSi da Tanamdebobis pirebSi vgulisx-

mobT sasamarTlosac da mosamarTlesac. yovelive es ki,

xom ar niSnavs imas, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesi da

marTlmsajuleba identuri cnebebia an sisxlis samarTlis

procesi STanTqavs marTlmsajulebas. Tu marTlmsajulebas

viwro kuTxiT SevxedavT, masSi moviazrebT mxolod da

mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvas, romelic

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili sap-

roceso formiT mimdinareobs, maSin sisxlis samarTlis

procesi ufro farTo cnebad mogvevlineba da marTlmsa-

juleba mis mier STanTqmulad.

magram saqme imaSia, rom marTlmsajuleba gvevelineba

ra sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis erT-erT

formad ar daiyvaneba mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

ganxilvamde. aq, igulisxmeba agreTve administraciuli da

samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvac (zogierTi mecnieri sakon-

stitucio sasamarTlos mier saqmeTa ganxilvasac miiCnevs

16 17

marTlmsajulebad), romlebic mimdinareobs Sesabamisi sap-

roceso kanonmdeblobiT.

e.i. gamodis, rom marTlmsajuleba ufro farTo Sinaar-

sis mtvirTvelia, vidre sisxlis samarTlis procesi. magram

es ganacxadi sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom sisxlis samarT-

lis processa da marTlmsajulebas Soris mWidro kavSiri

ar arsebobs. am kavSirTan dakavSirebiT zemoT ukve aRvniS-

neT. damatebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom marTlmsajuleba saz-

rdoobs sisxlis samarTlis, samoqalaqo samarTlis sapro-

ceso da yvela im samarTlis normebiT, romlebic gamoiyen-

eba administraciuli, samoqalaqo Tu sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeTa ganxilvisas. misi iuridiuli safuZveli ufro

farToa. sisxlis samarTlis procesi ki saproceso moq-

medebaTa Catarebis wess adgens da gansazRvravs sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso normebiT.

amdenad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, Tu marTlmsajuleba erTis

mxriv gagebuli iqneba, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

ganxilva (viwro formiT), maSin sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesi ufro farTo Sinaarsis gamodis. aseT SemTxvevaSi, igi

saproceso kanonis CarCoebSi aqcevs ara mxolod sasamarT-

los saqmianobas sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas,

aramed sasamarTlomdel warmoebasac (winaswar gamoZiebas),

romelic mimdinareobs sasamarTlosaTvis.

meores mxriv, Tu marTlmsajulebaSi moviazrebT ara

mxolod da mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvas,

aramed samoqalaqo da sxva saqmeTa ganxilvis wess, maSin

marTlmsajuleba Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi datvirTviT ufro

farTo cneba iqneba, rameTu ukve igi moicavs, rogorc

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis, ise samoqalaqo saproceso

samarTalis, administraciuli saproceso samarTlis da sxva

samarTlis normebs (saerTod, ganasxvaveben marTlmsajuleb-

is ganxorcielebis iseT formebs, rogoricaa: sisxlis,

samoqalaqo, konstituciuri, administraciuli da zogierT

qveynebSi saarbitraJo warmoeba.

saproceso literaturaSi xSirad gvxvdeba gamoTqma

sisxlissamarTalwarmoeba, igi Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi dat-

virTviT igivea, rac sisxlis samarTlis procesi.

$2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis $2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis

amocanebi da mizaniamocanebi da mizani

specialur iuridiul literaturaSi gvxvdeba ter-

minebi sisxlis samarTlis procesi; sisxlis saproceso

samarTali; sisxlis samarTlis procesi, rogorc mecniere-

ba; sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc samarTlis

dargi; aris Semoklebuli variantic sisxlis procesi, rom-

lis Sinaarsobriv datvirTvaSidac moiazreben yvela zemoT

xsenebuli terminebis Sinaarsac, rac Cveni SexedulebiT

arasworia. ra Tqma unda yvela zemoT xsenebuli termine-

bis Sinaarsobriv datvirTvaSi mWidro kavSiri arsebobs,

urTierTs asazrdoeben, magram aris maT Soris gansxvavebac

(kvlevis es sfero metad rTuli da sainteresoa, is ar

jdeba saxelmZRvanelos farglebSi, vfiqrobT, samomavlod

es problema asaxvas hpovebs monografiul gamokvlevaSi).

sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsze visaubreT, mogvianebiT

SevexebiT, sisxlis samarTlis process, rogorc mecnierebas

da rogorc samarTlis dargs. magram Cndeba kiTxva: saqarT-

velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis pirvel

muxlSi moqceuli sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-

blobis amocanebi, romel sferos mivakuTvnoT _ sisxlis

samarTlis process, rogorc mecnierebas, Tu, rogorc sa-

18 19

marTlis dargs, Tu gavxadoT iseTi zogadi terminis kuT-

vnileba, rogoricaa sisxlis samarTlis procesi?

termini sisxlis samarTlis procesi, romelic iu-

ridiul literaturaSi, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi xSirad

gamoiTqmis mtvirTvelia yvela zemoT xsenebuli termine-

bis Sinaarsisa. Tuki gvxvdeba gamoTqma sisxlis samarTlis

procesis amocanebi, swori iqneba Tuki am gamonaTqvamSi

vigulisxmebT sisxlis samarTlis procesis, rogorc dar-

gis amocanebs. ramdenadac sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kanonmdebloba ar gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis proce-

sis, rogorc mecnierebis amocanebs da meorec, sisxlis

samarTlis procesi, rogorc samarTlis dargi aris ra

saproceso normebis erToblioba, es normebi ki qmnian sisx-

lis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis erTian, mwyobr

sistemas, logikuri iqneba Tu davaskvniT, rom sisxlis

samarTlis procesis amocanebSi igulisxmeba sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis, rogorc samarTlis dargis amocanebi

(sisxlis samarTlis procesis, rogorc mecnierebis amo-

canebi sxvaa, amis Sesaxeb mogvianebiT gveqneba saubari).

mainc, ra amocanebi dgas sisxlis samarTlis procesis,

rogorc samarTlis dargis winaSe Sesasruleblad? Tu sisx-

lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis pirvel muxls davesesx-

ebiT (es dasesxeba sulac ar gulisxmobs imas, rom sisxlis

samarTlis procesi, rogorc samarTlis dargi daiyvaneba sisx-

lis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaze. ara, es ase araa,

sisxlis samarTlis procesi, rogorc samarTlis dargi ufro

farTo Sinaarsis mtvirTvelia da sxva saproceso insti-

tutebTan erTad sisxlis saproceso kanonmdeblobasac moicavs).

es amocanebia: daadginos danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRm-daadginos danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRm-

dego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani da misi Camdeni piri; dego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani da misi Camdeni piri;

uzrunvelyos kanonis sworad gamoyeneba, ar dauSvas udana-uzrunvelyos kanonis sworad gamoyeneba, ar dauSvas udana-

Saulo piris msjavrdeba; daicvas adamianis uflebebi da Saulo piris msjavrdeba; daicvas adamianis uflebebi da

Tavisuflebebi; sazogadoebaSi daamkvidros kanonis, human-Tavisuflebebi; sazogadoebaSi daamkvidros kanonis, human-

izmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscema.izmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscema.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba (sisxlis samarTlis

procesi) iwyeba momxdar iuridiul faqtTan dakavSirebiT,

rodesac aris monacemebi danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSne-

bis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb. sisxlis samarTlis procesi

mimdinareobs imitom, rom: dadgindes danaSaulis an sxva dadgindes danaSaulis an sxva

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani da marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani da

misi Camdeni piri.misi Camdeni piri. (e.i. gadaiWras sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesis winaSe mdgari erT-erTi amocana). aRniSnuli amocanis

Sesruleba miRweulad rom CaiTvalos, unda dadgindes: a)

danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqto-

brivi garemoebani da b) misi Camdeni piri.

modiT axla gavarkvioT ras niSnavs _ dadgindes dana-

Saulis faqtobrivi garemoebani, aq upirveles yovlisa

igulisxmeba aRdgenil iqnes maqsimaluri srulyofilebiT,

yovelmxriv da obieqturad yvela is garemoeba, ra viTare-

baSidac sinamdvileSi iqna Cadenili sisxlis samarTlis

kanoniT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba. gamovlenil

iqnes danaSaulis yvela epizodi da marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedebis Camdeni yvela piri, danaSaulis gamomwvevi mizeze-

bi da pirobebi.

danaSaulis faqtobrivi garemoebebis srulyofiladsrulyofilad

Seswavla, upirveles yovlisa niSnavs mtkicebulebaTa

aucilebeli erTobliobis miRebas, romelTa meSveobiTac

SesaZlebeli gaxdeba mtkicebis saganSi Semavali garemoebe-

bis dadgena. naTeli moefineba danaSaulis Cadenis xerxsa

da saSualebas, danaSaulis motivs, danaSaulebrivi gziT

mopovebuli qonebis adgilsamyofels, gamokveTs marTl-

sawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camden pirs (pirebs) da sxv. calkeu-

20 21

li saxis sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisa da sasa-

marTloSi ganxilvis dros mtkicebulebaTa srulyofileba

SeiZleba sxvadasxvarigadac iqnes danaxuli. mTavari isaa,

konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi imdeni raodenobis

mtkicebuleba iyos, rom safuZveli Seqmnas swori gadaw-

yvetilebis misaRebad (mag. dadgenilebis gamosatanad piris

braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi misacemad da braldebis

warsadgenad, sasamarTlo sxdomis dasaniSnavad, ganaCenis

dasadgenad da a.S.).

rac Seexeba moTxovnas _ yovelmxriv iqnes Seswavlili

danaSaulis faqtobrivi garemoebebi, gulisxmobs imas, rom

amomwuravad iqnes Secnobili yvela is garemoeba, romelic

Sedis mtkicebis saganSi da didi mniSvneloba aqvs sisxlis

samarTlis saqmisaTvis. faqtobriv garemoebaTa yovelmxriviyovelmxrivi

Seswavla safuZvels qmnis wamoweul da Semowmebul iqnes

momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT yvela SesaZlo versia. swori

mimarTuleba misces gamoZiebas da maSasadame, gamoricxos

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganx-

ilvis calmxrivoba da arasrulyofileba, aqedan gamomdinare

ki ukanono da dausabuTebeli ganaCenis gamotana.

obieqturobaobieqturoba _ gulisxmobs procesis mwarmoebel pirTa

(aseve procesis sxva monawileTa) midgomas sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmeSi arsebuli garemoebebisa da mtkicebulebebis

Sesaswavlad. am sityvis Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvidan is

gamomdinareobs, rom saqmis gamoZiebisa Tu sasamarTlo ganx-

ilvis dros sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Cabmuli pirebi

unda iyvnen miukerZoebelni. dainteresebulni imiT, rom

erTnairi gulmodginebiT gairkves braldebulis rogorc

mamxilebeli, ise gamamarTlebeli, agreTve maTi pasuxismge-

blobis damamZimebeli da Semamsubuqebeli garemoebani.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileebma obieqtur-

obis grZnoba, rom daicvan, kanonmdebels amis garantad maTi

misamarTiT damkvidrebuli aqvs acilebisa da TviTacilebis

instituti, aseve rig SemTxvevebSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobac.

obieqturobisobieqturobis institutis arseboba, imis garanticaa,

rom Tavidan aviciloT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZie-

bisa Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvis calmxrivoba da sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis garemoebebi SeviswavloT yoveli mxri-

dan.

Tu dairRva danaSaulis faqtobrivi garemoebebis

dadgenis zemoT xsenebuli moTxovnebidan romelime mainc

(mniSvneloba ara aqvs es iqneba-srulyofileba, yovelmx-srulyofileba, yovelmx-

rivoba Tu obieqturobarivoba Tu obieqturoba) es iqneba: an sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis Sewyvetis an gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis

gamotanis an zemdgomi instanciis mxridan ganaCenis Secv-

lis safuZveli.

ra arsia Cadebuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis iseT

amocanaSi, rogoricaa: dadgindes sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego dadgindes sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani?qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani? uwinares yovlisa unda

iTqvas, rom `sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba~ am SemTx-

vevaSi, rogorc wesi ar moiazrebs-samoqalaqo an adminis-

traciul marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas (aseT qmedebaTa

arsebobis SemTxvevaSi faqtobrivi garemoebebi dadgindeba

Sesabamisi samoqalaqo da administraciuli saproceso

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT), aq, isev da isev igulisxmeba

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli marTl-

sawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgena,

magram mxedvelobaSia miRebuli iseTi marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedeba, rodesac ar arsebobs danaSaulis yvela niSani

(brali). sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, es qmedeba Cadenilia bra-

lis gamomricxvel garemoebebSi (mag. Seuracxaoba asakis

22 23

gamo, Seuracxaoba fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo da a.S.). rac

SemdgomSi safuZveli xdeba piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebisa, misi dausjelobisa.

qmedeba ki rCeba marTlsawinaaRmdegod.

garda amisa, ̀ sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqto-

brivi garemoebebis dadgenaSi~, aseve unda vigulisxmoT

iseTi SemTxvevac, roca Tavidan zustad araa gamokveTili

Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba samarTaldarRvevis

romel sferos miekuTvneba. ufro zustad rom vTqvaT,

Tavidan, arsebuli faqtobrivi garemoeba iZleva safuZvels

saqmeze sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis

gamoyenebisaTvis, magram gamoZiebis procesSi gamoikveTeba,

rom saxezea administraciuli samarTaldarRveva. amis Sem-

deg, saqmeze gamoyenebuli iqneba adminiatraciuli sapro-

ceso kanonmdebloba.

rogorc ukve zemoT SevniSneT, sisxlis samarTlis

procesis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani amocanaa: daadginos da-daadginos da-

naSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni pirinaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni piri.

am amocanis Sesruleba SesaZlebeli xdeba momxdar faqtTan

dakavSirebiT yvela savaraudo versiis SemowmebiT, sruli

moculobiT saproceso moqmedebebis CatarebiT da mtkice-

bulebaTa SekrebiT. danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedebis Camdeni piris dadgena savaldebuloa imdenad, ram-

denadac unda movaxdinoT im realobis aRdgena, ra viTare-

baSidac Caidina pirma marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba, rom misi

braleuloba gamovkveToT da aqedan gamomdinare, SevZloT

samarTlianobis aRdgena, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs marTlsawi-

naaRmdego qmedebiT gamowveuli zianis gamosworeba, ziani-

sa da marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT tol-

fasovani sasjelis Sefardeba. danaSaulis Camdeni piris

samarTliani msjavrdeba safuZveli unda gaxdes misi gamo-

sworebisa, aRzrdisa, im azrovnebis Camoyalibebisa, rom

danaSauli dausjeli ar darCeba.

braleuli piris msjavrdeba yovelTvis dafuZnebuli

iqneba kanonze da aqedan gamomdinare, Sesrulebuli sisxlis

samarTlis procesis iseTi amocana, rogoricaa _ ar dauSvas ar dauSvas

udanaSaulo udanaSaulo (swori iuridiuli azrovnebidan gamomdinare

ùdanaSaulo~-s nacvlad unda iyos àrabraleuli~, sasa-

marTlo gansjis gansasjeli piris ̀ braleuloba~, ̀ arabraleu-

lobis~ sakiTxs da amis Semdeg dasdebs mas msjavrs. gana

logikuria, sasamarTlom gansajos gansasjeli piris ùdana-

Saulobis~ an ̀ damnaSaveobis~ sakiTxi, da amis Semdeg miiCnios

igi `damnaSaved~ da dasdos msjavri?) piris msjavrdeba.

udanaSaulo (arabraleuli) piris msjavrdeba acilebuli

iqneba, Tu aRdgeba is realoba, romelSidac mimdinareobda

sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedeba. swored aRdgenili realuri suraTi xdeba imis sa-

fuZveli, rom, Tu braldeba waredgina arabraleul pirovne-

bas, Sewydes mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, an/da

sasamarTlom gamoitanos gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis iseTi amocana, rogoricaa

_ uzrunvelyos kanonis sworad gamoyenebauzrunvelyos kanonis sworad gamoyeneba, uwinares yov-

lisa gulisxmobs yvela sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moq-

medebaTa, agreTve saproceso dokumentebis Sesabamisobas

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonebis moTxovnebisadmi.

mniSvnelovania sisxlis samarTlis kanonis sworad gamoy-

enebac. gamomZiebelma, prokurorma, mosamarTlem kargad unda

icodes qveyanaSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba da is saerTaSor-

iso normatiuli aqtebi, romelTac gamoyeneba aqvT saxelm-

wifoSi. isini saqmianobis dros sworad unda flobdnen

codnas calkeuli kanonebis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb, aseve sworad

unda ganumartavdnen kanonis Sinaarss sisxlis samarTlis

24 25

procesis monawileebs. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamar-

Tle, rodesac kargad floben codnas kanonebis Sinaarsis

Sesaxeb, procesis sxva monawileebsac amomwuravad, sru-

lyofilad ganumartaven da uxsnian maT uflebebsa da

movaleobebs, aZleven SesaZleblobas realizeba gaukeTon

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT miniWebul

saproceso uflebebs da dakisrebul saproceso movaleobebs.

gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis aseTi saqmiani

damokidebulebiT Tavidan iqneba acilebuli sagamoZiebo da

sasamarTlo Secdomebi, xolo kanonis sworad gamoyeneba ki

uzrunvelyofili.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis aseve mniSvnelovani amo-

canaa _ daicvas adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebidaicvas adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi.

saqarTvelos konstituciis meore Tavi mTlianad adamianis

uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs eTmoba, igi im suliskveTebi-

Taa gamsWvaluli, rom adamiani, misi uflebebi da Tavisu-

flebebi samyaros yvelaze umaRlesi faseulobaa. maTi

aRiareba da dacva saxelmwifos sapatio movaleoba. saqarT-

velos sakanonmdeblo organos mier miRebuli nebismieri

kanoni adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis aRiarebasa

da dacvas emsaxureba. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsic mowodebulia Tavisi kuTxiT daicvas

yvela im adamianis uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi da kanonieri

interesebi, vinc Cabmulia sisxlis samarTlis procesSi,

mniSvneloba ara aqvs es iqneba is pirovneba, romlis mi-

marTac xorcieldeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, Tu

procesis sxva monawile, romelic sxvadasxva safuZvlis

gamoa sisxlis samarTlis procesSi.

saqarTvelos konstituciaze dayrdnobiT sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesi aRiarebs da icavs pirovnebis Rirsebis

xelSeuvalobas, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas da a.S.

pirovnebis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa SezRudva SeiZle-

ba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul

SemTxvevebSi da farglebSi, isic, yovelTvis upiratesoba

unda mieniWos SezRudvis yvelaze msubuq formas.

sisxlis samarTlis procesi ara mxolod acxadebs ada-

mianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvas, aramed awesebs

garantiebsac maT sarealizaciod. ase magaliTad, Tu pro-

cesis monawiles ukanono saproceso moqmedebiT ziani mi-

adga, kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT ufleba aqvs srulad

ainazRauros miyenebuli ziani; TviT saproceso movaleobis

dakisrebac procesis ama Tu im monawilisadmi, xom erT-

erTi mniSvnelovani garantiaa procesis sxva monawilis

uflebis realizaciisa da a.S.

sainteresod gamoiyureba sisxlis samarTlis procesis

iseTi amocana, rogoricaa sazogadoebaSi daamkvidros sazogadoebaSi daamkvidros

kanonis, humanizmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativis-kanonis, humanizmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativis-

cemacema. aRniSnuli amocanis Sesruleba mniSvnelovania, rameTu

igi warmoaCens TviT saxelmwifos saxes. sazogadoebaSi

kanonisadmi pativiscema maSin Cndeba, rodesac kanonis Si-

naarsi realurad miesadageba adamianis sulier bunebas,

gamoxatavs zrunvas misi uflebebisa da kanonieri inter-

esebis dasacavad, awesebs garantiebs kanoniT miniWebuli

uflebebis, Tavisuflebebis realizaciisaTvis. TviT saxelm-

wifo moxele, mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli moq-

medeben kanonis farglebSi, yovelgvari mikerZoebis gareSe

da icaven princips kanonis winaSe yvelas Tanasworobisa.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocana daamkvidros sa-daamkvidros sa-

zogadoebaSi humanizmis ideebis pativiscemazogadoebaSi humanizmis ideebis pativiscema Sesruldeba,

Tu TiToeuli saproceso normis Sinaarsis gamoxatuleba

iqneba gafrTxileba da zrunva adamianze, mis uflebebze,

Tavisuflebebze, kanonier interesebze. amisaTvis sisxlis

26 27

samarTlis procesma farTod unda gauRos karebi im saer-

TaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebsa

da normebs, romlebic amkvidreben adamianis uflebaTa, Tav-

isuflebaTa, kanonieri interesebis dacvis savaldebuloobas.

kargia, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kanonmdeblobam aRniSnuli amocana lozungad ki ar da-

tova, aramed praqtikulad gadadga nabiji da humanizmis

ideebis pativiscemas gza gauxsna uamravi saproceso norme-

bis SemoRebiT (mag. udanaSaulobisa da Tavisuflebis pr-

ezumfcia, marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomoba, samarTliani

procesi da swrafi marTlmsajuleba, kanoniereba da sasa-

marTlos damoukidebloba, saproceso kanonis ukuZala,

rodesac amiT umjobesdeba braldebulis an msjavrdebulis

mdgomareoba da sxva mravali).

sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocanis-kanonis, human-

izmis ideebis pativiscemis damkvidrebas sazogadoebaSi

mivyavarT samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscemamdesamarTlianobis ideebis pativiscemamde. unda

iTqvas, rom kanonis, humanizmisa da samarTlianobis ideebi

erTian mTlianobas qmnian, urTierTs avseben, erTi romelimes

gamokleba danarCenis arasrulyofilebas gamoiwvevs. Tuki

sazogadoeba gamoxatavs pativiscemas kanonis, masSi gatare-

buli humanuri ideebis mimarT (amis safuZvels iZleva

saproceso normebis Sinaarsi da sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo

praqtika, e.i. Sefaseba obieqturia), gana amas ar mivyavarT

samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscemamde? Tavis mxriv, samar-

Tlianobis ideebis pativiscemas isic amyarebs, roca sap-

roceso gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros obieqturad iqneba

gaTvaliswinebuli procesis monawilis pirovneba da Cade-

nili danaSaulis simZime.

rac Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizanssisxlis samarTlis procesis mizans, am

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saproceso literaturaSi sxva-

dasxva xedvaa. magram, gabatonebulia mosazreba, rom: sisx-

lis samarTlis procesis mizania sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze

WeSmaritebis dadgena, danaSaulis Camdeni piris braleu-

lobis dadgena da samarTliani dasja, arabraleuli adami-

anis dacva usafuZvlo braldebisagan da moqalaqeebze,

aRmzrdelobiTi zemoqmedebis moxdena.

rogor gavigoT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmarite-

bis dadgena? sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis

dadgena gulisxmobs imas, rom Tu, sisxlis samarTlis

kanoniT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba sinamd-

vileSi moxda, aRdgenil iqnes igi iseTive saxiT da faq-

tobrivi garemoebebiT, ra viTarebaSidac mimdinareobda, da

ra Tqma unda dadgenil iqnes danaSaulis an sxva marTl-

sawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni pirovneba.

xolo, Tu danaSauli an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedeba sinamdvileSi ar CaudeniaT da gamoZiebis dawyebas

safuZvlad daedo Seumowmebeli monacemebi, WeSmaritebis

dadgena imaSi mdgomareobs, Sewydes winasasamarTlo gamoZie-

ba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis

ar arsebobis gamo.

Tu danaSauli an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba Cade-

nil iqna, da braldeba waredgina ara im pirovnebas vinc

igi Caidina, aramed sxvas, romelzedac usafuZvlo eWvi

gaCnda _ WeSmaritebis dadgena iqneba arabraleuli pirovne-

bis reabilitacia, misgan gaumarTlebeli braldebis moxsna.

xolo konkretul faqtTan dakavSirebiT, Tu vin Caidina

danaSauli an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba WeSmarite-

bis sakiTxi Ria, gadauwyveteli rCeba, manam, sanam konkre-

tul pirovnebas ar daadgenen.

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSic federaluri normati-

uli aqtebiT gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze

28 29

obieqturi WeSmaritebis dadgena, igi, aseve mowonebulia

sxvadasxva Statebis umaRlesi sasamarTloebis mxridanac.

magram dResdReobiT sisxlis samarTlis procesis mxareebi

ufro miiswrafvian miaRwion samSvidobo SeTanxmebas,

rogorc Cans sazogadoebis wevrebisaTvis ufro Rirebulia

sazogadoebrivi keTildReoba, davebis, winaaRmdegobebis

daZleva mSvidobiani gziT, vidre saqmeze dadgenil iqnes

obieqturi WeSmariteba.

bolo periodSi rusul enaze gamocemul sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis saxelmZRvaneloebSi sisxlis samarTlis

procesis mizani da amocanebi gaigivebulia1.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocanebze, mizanze, zemoT

mocemuli msjelobidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

Zalian didi principuli mniSvneloba ara aqvs sakiTxs,

sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizani da amocanebi gaigive-

buli iqneba Tu cal-calke iqneba isini danaxuli (gaazre-

buli). miT umetes maSin, rodesac sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kanonmdeblobis amocanebis Sinaarsobrivi dat-

virTva TiTqmis emTxveva sisxlis samarTlis procesis mi-

zans (sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenas).

Cven mainc vfiqrobT, rom sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kanonmdeblobis amocanebi is saSualebaa, romelTa

meSveobiT mivdivarT sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznamde,

mizani ki konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmar-

itebis dadgenaa (ar daiyvaneba mxolod da mxolod dana-

Saulis an sxva marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi

garemoebebis da misi Camdeni piris dadgenamde, ufro didi

Sinaarsis mtvirTvelia).

1 Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ, ïîä ðåä., Ê.Ô. Ãóöåíêî, Ì., 1998. ñ. 14. Óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, îòâ., ðåä., È. Ë. Ïåòðóõèí, 2-å èçäàíèå, Ì., 2006. ñ. 6-7.

$3. saproceso forma da misi $3. saproceso forma da misi

mniSvnelobamniSvneloba

saproceso formasaproceso forma _ sisxlis samarTlis procesis erT-

erTi fundamenturi kategoriaa. saproceso formis arse-

boba avaldebulebs sasamarTlos, mosamarTles, prokurors,

gamomZiebels sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan dakavSirebuli

nebismieri saproceso moqmedeba Caataron sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kanoniT winaswar dadgenili wesebisa da pirobe-

bis dacviT. aRniSnul moTxovnaTa Seusrulebloba Sefas-

deba, rogorc kanonis darRveva, kanonis darRveviT Catare-

buli saproceso moqmedebebis Sedegebi ki ver iqnebian

iuridiuli Zalis matarebelni, e.i. ar gamodgebian mtkice-

balebad. maSasadame, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saproceso for-

ma sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZiebisa Tu sasamarT-

loSi ganxilvis dros gvevlineba kanonierebis dacvis ga-

rantadac. im mimarTulebis mimcemad, rom Sesruldes

sisxlis samarTlis procesis winaSe mdgari amocanebi da

dadgindes WeSmariteba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. aseve,

saproceso forma Tavisi bunebiT qmnis safuZvels sisxlis

samarTlis procesSi monawile moqalaqeebis uflebebisa da

kanonieri interesebis dasacavad.

saproceso formis maxasiaTebeli Tvisebebia: sayovel-sayovel-

Taoba, erTianoba, savaldebulooba.Taoba, erTianoba, savaldebulooba.

sayovelTaobasayovelTaoba unda gavigoT ise, rom erTi da igive

kategoriis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZiebisa Tu

sasamarTloSi ganxilvis dros gamoiyeneba is erTiani

wesebi, romelic dadgenilia sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kanonmdeblobis mier. raginda martivadac Candes sisx-

lis samarTlis saqme, Tu sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesebi safuZvelas ar iZleva,

30 31

sasamarTlo, mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli ufle-

bamosilni ar arian Tavisi mixedulobis mixedviT moaxdinon

mocemuli saqmis gamoZiebis an sasamarTloSi ganxilvis

Sekveca, gafarToeba.

saproceso formis erTianobaerTianoba gamyarebulia imiT, rom

saqarTvelos umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi organo-parla-

menti axorcielebs ra sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas mTel

teritoriaze, iRebs mocemul teritoriaze moqmed erTian

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobas.

saproceso formis savaldebuloobasavaldebulooba ki mdgomareobs

imaSi, rom zustad da mkacrad unda iqnes Sesrulebuli is

moTxovnebi, romelic dadgenilia saproceso formiT. Tuki

moxdeba saproceso formis darRveviT saproceso aqtis

Sedgena an gnebavT mtkicebulebis miReba, amas Sedegad

mohyveba uflebamosili piris mier aRniSnuli saproceso

aqtis gauqmeba, xolo mtkicebuleba miCneuli iqneba dauS-

vebel mtkicebulebad.

Znelia warmosadgenad, miRweuli iqnes sisxlis samar-

Tlis procesis mizani (sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze dadg-

indes WeSmariteba) Tu daculi ar iqna saproceso moqmede-

baTa Catarebisas saproceso forma. sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli wesebisa da pi-

robebis dacviT saproceso moqmedebaTa Catareba upirveles

yovlisa xom, swored procesis monawileebis uflebebisa

da kanonieri interesebis dacvas emsaxureba. sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqmis moZraobis Sedegad miRebuli saproceso

Sedegebi sarwmuno unda iyos ara mxolod da mxolod

mosamarTlisaTvis, sasamarTlosaTvis, prokurorisaTvis,

gamomZieblisaTvis, aramed yvela imaTTvisac vinc Cabmulia

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi (mniSvneloba ara aqvs pro-

cesis monawile dainteresebulia Tu ara saqmis SedegebiT).

amitom, SesaZlebeli rom gaxdes, Semowmdes ramdenad iyo

daculi saproceso forma winasasamarTlo gamoZiebisa da

sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros, da aqedan gamomdinare

Semowmdes miRebuli saproceso Sedegebis sarwmunooba,

aucilebelia dafiqsirdes werilobiTi formiT, teqnikuri

saSualebebis gamoyenebiT gamoZiebis da sasamarTloSi saqmis

ganxilvis mimdinareoba srulad.

e.i. SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saproceso formis Sinaar-

siT aqcenti keTdeba sasamarTlos, prokuraturis da gamoZie-

bis organoebis, saproceso kanonmdeblobiT mowesrigebul

saqmianobaze, romelic gansazRvrul CarCoebSia moqceuli

da rac savaldebuloa dacul iqnes. ase magaliTad, saqarT-

velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 23-e Tavi

eZRvneba winasasamarTlo gamoZiebas. sadac naTqvamia, rom

gamomZiebeli, prokurori valdebulni arian daiwyon wina-

sasamarTlo gamoZieba danaSaulis Sesaxeb informaciis miRe-

bis SemTxvevaSi. Tu gamomZiebeli daiwyebs winasasamarTlo

gamoZiebas, dauyovnebliv unda acnobos prokurors. saqarT-

velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 36-e Tavi

eTmoba sagamoZiebo moqmedebebs da maTi Catarebis wesebs,

sadac miTiTebulia, ra moTxovnebis dacviT iqnes Catareb-

uli esa Tu is sagamoZiebo moqmedeba (dakiTxva iqneba es

Tu Cxreka, amoReba, daTvaliereba, sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti

da a.S.). saproceso kanonmdebloba gansazRvravs pirisaTvis

braldebis wardgenis wessa da formas, rom braldebis

wardgenas win uZRvis prokuroris dadgenileba piris bral-

debulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb (kanonmdeblo-

biT, sworadaa SeniSnuli, rom braldebis wardgenisaTvis

unda iyos Sekrebili mtkicebulebaTa da informaciaTa is

erToblioba, romelic sakmarisia gonivruli eWvisaTvis-

konkretulma pirma Caidina danaSauli) da a.S.

32 33

saproceso formis Sinaarsi moicavs erTobliobas im sa-

marTlebrivi moTxovnebisa, romelic daculi unda iyos ama

Tu im saproceso aqtis Sedgenisas. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs

calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis amsaxveli oqmebis Sedgenis

wesi da forma, ganaCenis Sedgenis wesi da forma, saapelacio

da sakasacio saCivrebis Sedgenis wesi da forma da a.S.

saproceso formis SinaarsSi Cadebuli samarTlebrivi

moTxovnebisadmi formaluri midgoma SeuTavsebelia sap-

roceso formis bunebisadmi. im wesebisa da pirobebis

Sesruleba, romelic moazrebulia saproceso formaSi,

niadags qmnis drois mcire monakveTSi miRweul iqnes

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgena da mo-

qalaqeTa uflebebis, kanonieri interesebis dacva. xolo

saproceso formiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebisa da pirobe-

bis daucveloba, araTu WeSmaritebamde migviyvans konkre-

tul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, aramed piriqiT, dagva-

Sorebs mas da gamoiwvevs moqalaqeTa uflebebis, kanonieri

intresebis ignorirebas.

istoriam, Sav laqad Semounaxa Cvens sazogadoebas me-20

saukunis 30-iani wlebis movlenebi. rodesac saproceso

formis SinaarsSi uaryofiTad aisaxa qveynis imdroindeli

politikuri reJimi. Sekvecili saproceso forma politi-

kur danaSaulobebze, Cadenili e.w. `xalxis mtrebis~ mier,

ganixileboda daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomebze, braldebuls

ufleba ar hqonda yoloda damcveli, ganaCeni sisruleSi

mohyavdaT dauyovnebliv, ikrZaleboda Suamdgomloba Sewy-

alebis Sesaxeb, `mtkicebulebaTa dedoflad~ iTvleboda

braldebulis mxridan bralis aRiareba, sxva mtkicebuleba

arc ki iyo saWiro. e.i. dakarguli iyo, rogorc sisxlis

samarTlis procesis mizani, ise adamianic. amitom sasurve-

lia sisxlis samarTlis procesis mecnierebam kvleva im

mimarTulebiT warmarTos, rom, rogorc saproceso formis

Sinaarsobrivi datvirTva, ise, nebismieri saproceso insti-

tuti gamoxatavdes zrunvas adamianze (am mxriv, ra Tqma

unda, didi roli unda iTamaSos qveyanaSi arsebulma poli-

tikurma reJimma).

zemoT arsebul msjelobas Tu davemyarebiT, SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom saproceso forma aris sisxlis samarTlis saproceso forma aris sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli im wesebisa da saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli im wesebisa da

pirobebis erToblioba, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmis pirobebis erToblioba, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

moZraobasTan dakavSirebiT Casatarebel saproceso moqmede-moZraobasTan dakavSirebiT Casatarebel saproceso moqmede-

bebs garkveul CarCoSi aqcevs.bebs garkveul CarCoSi aqcevs.

aRniSnuli ganmartebiT SevecadeT mokled, magram yov-

lismomcvelad Camogveyalibebina saproceso formis cneba.

saproceso literaturaSi gvxvdeba misi sxvadasxva ganmarte-

bebic, magram Sinaarsobrivad ZiriTadad mainc Tanxvdebian1.

$4. saproceso garantiebis arsi$4. saproceso garantiebis arsi

zogadad garantia raimes uzrunvelyofas niSnavs. sisx-

lis samarTlis procesSi miRweuli rom iqnes mizani-Ti-

Toeul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgena,

aucilebelia saproceso garantiebis arseboba. e.i. SeiZle-

ba vTqvaT, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesSi saproceso

garantiebi is saSualebaa, romelic uzrunvelyofs: a) sa-

marTliani marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebasa da

b) moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da kanonieri intresebis dacvas.

1 . Ì. Ñ. Ñòðîãîâè÷, Êóðñ ñîâåòñêîãî óãîëîâíîãî ïðîöåññà, Ì., ò.1., 1968. ñ., 51; Êóðñ ñîâåòñêîãî óãîëîâíîãî ïðîöåññà, îáùàÿ ÷àñòü, ïîä ðåä., À. Ä. Áîéêîâà è È. È. Êàðïåöà, Ì., 1989. ñ. 121; Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ, ïîä ðåä., Ê. Ô. Ãóöåíêî, Ì., 1998. ñ. 21. sisxlis samarTlis procesi, a. faliaS-

vilis redaqtorobiT, Tb., 2002 w. gv. 6; Óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî Ðîññèéñêîé ôåäåðàöèè, îòâ., ðåä., È. Ë. Ïåòðóõèí. Ì., 2006. ñ. 7.

34 35

aRniSnuli mimarTebiT saproceso garantiebis bunebis gax-

snas im daskvnamde mivyavarT, rom sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesis nebismier institutSi Tu principSi unda davinaxoT

(moviazroT) saproceso garantia, ramdenadac yvela isini

emsaxurebian samarTliani marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas

da moqalaqeTa uflebebis, kanonieri interesebis dacvas.

sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesSi monawile moqalaqeebisaTvis saproceso garantiebi

aris maTi uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvis

saSualeba da imavdroulad saSualeba, yovelmxriv, srulad

da obieqturad iqnes sisxlis samarTlis saqme gamoZiebuli

da sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetili.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawile moqalaqeebisaT-

vis dawesebuli saproceso garantiebis daucveloba migviy-

vans samarTliani procesis xelyofamde, sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis araswor, arasrulyofil, calmxriv gamoZiebamde da

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebamde. rac saboloo jamSi

uaryofiTad warmoaCens mTeli saxelmwifo aparatis saqmi-

anobas, SebRalavs iseT Rirebulebebs, rogoricaa demokra-

tia da humanuroba.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba sisxlis

samarTlis procesis monawiles, rogorc sisxlis sapro-

ceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqts aniWebs ufle-

bebs kanonieri interesebis dasacavad, magram mxolod

uflebis miniWeba ar aris sakmarisi sakuTari interese-

bis dasacavad. realurad, rom isargeblos procesis

monawilem Tavisi uflebebiT, warmarTos isini sakuTari

Tavis dasacavad, saproceso kanoni adgens mTel rig sap-

roceso garantiebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sisxlis samar-

Tlis procesis monawileTa saproceso uflebebsa da

garantiebs Soris mWidro urTierTkavSiria, urTierTs

ganapirobeben (procesis monawiles Tu ar mieca sapro-

ceso uflebebi, arc dadgeba sakiTxi am uflebebis re-

alizebisa, Tu dacvis saSualebebis Sesaxeb), magram maTi

aseTi siaxlove sulac ar iZleva safuZvels, rom pro-

cesis monawileTa saproceso uflebebi da garantiebi

gavaigivoT. saproceso uflebebi danaxuli unda iqnes,

rogorc sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis

subieqtis uflebamosileba mosTxovos Sesabamis organoebs

an sxva pirebs garkveuli moqmedebis Sesruleba an misi

Sesrulebisagan Tavis Sekaveba, xolo saproceso garan-

tiebi ki is saSualebaa, romelmac unda uzrunvelyos

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqtis

saproceso uflebebis realuri ganxorcieleba, maTi

dacva. msjeloba naTeli rom iyos moviyvanoT aseTi

magaliTi. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis 76-e muxlSi gadmocemulia braldebulis ufle-

bebi. romelTa meSveobiTac mas SeuZlia daicvas Tavi

wardgenili braldebisagan. es uflebebia: icodes romeli

danaSaulis CadenaSia braldebuli, iyolios damcveli,

dumilisa da kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekave-

bis ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli da sxva. ra sapro-

ceso garantiebs iZleva kanonmdebeli braldebulis

aRniSnuli uflebebis realurad ganxorcielebisaTvis.

maTi dacvisaTvis? aseTi saproceso garantiebis rigSi

SeiZleba davasaxeloT uflebamosili piris (gamomZiebeli,

damkavebeli moxele) movaleoba-dakavebis momentSi an, Tu

dakaveba ar xdeba-braldebulad cnobisTanave dauyovnebliv,

aseve nebismieri dakiTxvis win braldebuls acnobon mis-

Tvis gasageb enaze saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-

eqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli romeli danaSaulis CadenaSi

arsebobs mis mimarT eWvi. braldebuls gadascen dakave-

36 37

bis oqmis an, Tu dakavebuli ar aris braldebulad cno-

bis dadgenilebis asli. aseve, braldebuls ganemartos,

Tuki igi airCevs dumilis uflebas mis realizebas am-

yarebs kanonmdeblis neba, rom dumilis ufleba ar Sei-

Zleba gamoyenebul iqnes braldebulis braleulobis

damadasturebel mtkicebulebad. braldebulma unda

icodes, rom dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis

Sekavebis uflebiT sargebloba garantirebulia imiT, rom

pasuxis gacemaze uari ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mis

sawinaaRmdegod. braldebulis mxridan dacvis uflebis

realurad ganxorcielebis garantiaa, misi SesaZlebloba

Tavi daicvas damoukideblad an arCeuli damcvelis meS-

veobiT, romlis Secvlis uflebac aqvs nebismier dros,

xolo Tu is uqonelia, sakuTari interesebi daicvas

saxelmwifos xarjze daniSnuli damcvelis mier. bral-

debulis dacvis uflebis realizebas ganamtkicebs kanon-

mdeblis neba, rig SemTxvevebSi savaldebulo wesiT moxdes

braldebulis interesebis dacva. braldebulis dacvis

uflebas realurs, garantirebuls xdis kanonmdeblis

moTxovnac-gonivruli dro da saSualeba mieces bralde-

bulsa da mis damcvels dacvis momzadebisaTvis.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi,

dazaralebuls rogorc procesis monawiles, sakuTari in-

tresebis dasacavad aseve aniWebs rig uflebebs: gamomZie-

belTan an prokurorTan waradginos mtkicebulebebi, Suam-

dgomlobiT mimarTos prokurors mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxo-

vis, sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis, garemoebaTa Semow-

mebisa da saqmesTan dakavSirebuli sxva sakiTxebis Seswav-

lis Taobaze da a.S. dazaralebulma, rom SeZlos sapro-

ceso kanoniT miniWebuli uflebebis realurad ganxor-

cieleba, gamomZiebeli, prokurori, sasamarTlo movaleni

arian, piris dazaralebulad cnobisTanave mas ganumarton

uflebebi da aseve, dazaralebuls winaswar Seatyobinon

saproceso moqmedebebis Catarebis adgili da dro. dazarale-

bulma sakuTar uflebebSi garkveva da maTi dacva, rom

ganaxorcielos xarisxianad, kanonmdebeli mas warmomadgen-

lis yolis uflebasac aZlevs.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileebis (mxedveloba-

Si gvyavs, rogorc braldebuli, dazaralebuli, aseve mow-

mec da procesis sxva monawileebic) uflebebis realurad

ganxorcielebas emsaxureba iseTi saproceso institutebi,

rogoricaa: saCivari, Suamdgomloba, saproceso forma, TviT

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis monawilis

movaleoba, aRniSnuli institutebi Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi

datvirTviT, xom procesis monawileebis uflebebis cxovre-

baSi gatarebis saSualebebia da saboloo jamSi saproceso

garantiebTan erTad sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznis-

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenis miRwevas

emsaxurebian.

amdenad, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom: saproceso garantiebi saproceso garantiebi

aris sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT dadgenili aris sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT dadgenili

saSualebebi, romlebiTac uzrunvelyofilia samarTliani saSualebebi, romlebiTac uzrunvelyofilia samarTliani

marTlmsajulebisa da moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da kanonieri marTlmsajulebisa da moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da kanonieri

interesebis dacvis ganxorcieleba.interesebis dacvis ganxorcieleba.

38 39

$5. saproceso funqciis arsi da saxeebi$5. saproceso funqciis arsi da saxeebi

sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizani _ sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmeze dadgenil iqnes WeSmariteba, dadgenil iqnes

danaSaulis Camdeni piris braleuloba da igi samarTlianad

daisajos, dacul iqnes arabraleuli adamiani usafuZvlo

braldebisagan da ganxorcieldes moqalaqeebze aRmzrdelo-

biTi zemoqmedebis moxdena, miRweul rom iqnes, saWiroa

momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrulma Tanamdebobis pirebma,

daiwyon saproceso kanoniT miniWebuli uflebamosilebis

ganxorcieleba. kerZod, Caataron mTeli rigi sagamoZiebo

moqmedebebi, raTa moipovon mtkicebulebebi, rom darwmund-

nen saxeze arsebuli iuridiuli faqti namdvilad Sedegia

sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego

qmedebisa, da Tuki irwmunes yovelive aRniSnuli, daadginon

piri, visac braldeba unda warudginon.

rodesac dadgindeba piri, romelsac braldeba unda

waredginos, e.i. ganxorcieldes misi misamarTiT sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi devna, Tavs iCens saproceso kanoniT miniWe-

buli ufleba _ pirma Tavi daicvas wardgenili braldebi-

sagan, mtkicebulebaTa da sxvadasxva monacemebis moyvaniT

uaryos wardgenili braldeba an Seimsubuqos pasuxismge-

bloba. rogorc winasasamarTlo gamoZiebis, ise sasamarT-

loSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis dros dadgenil

unda iqnes ara mxolod da mxolod is garemoebebi, rom-

lebic adastureben piris braldebas an amZimeben mis pasux-

ismgeblobas, aramed is garemoebebic, romlebic saubroben

braldebulis sasargeblod, emsaxurebian mis gamarTlebas

an pasuxismgeblobis Semsubuqebas.

saboloo jamSi braldebulis saxiT sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxisgebaSi micemuli piris braleulobis Tu arabraleu-

lobis sakiTxi unda gadawyvitos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

arsebiTi ganxilvis safuZvelze sasamarTlom.

Cvens mier zemoT gadmocemul msjelobaSi, zogadad

daxasiaTebulia sisxlis saproceso samarTlis saqmianobis

ZiriTadi mimarTulebis arsi, romliTac faqtobrivad gax-

snilia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso funqciis buneba. rac

gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas vTqvaT, rom sisxlis samarTlis

procesSi ikveTeba oTxi ZiriTadi funqcia: 1) gamoZiebis;

2) braldebis; 3) dacvis da 4) sasamarTloSi sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis funqcia1.

amjerad TiToeuli maTgani mokled davaxasiaTod, ufro

vrclad da detalurad isini gadmocemuli iqneba wignis

Sesabamis TavebSi.

1) gamoZiebis funqcia.gamoZiebis funqcia. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsis 61-e muxlis mixedviT gamoZiebis fun-

qcias axorcieleben: saqarTvelos prokuraturis, saqarT-

velos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, saqarTvelos Tavdacvis

1 sisxlis saproceso samarTlis literaturaSi saproceso funqciis

sakiTxi araerTgvarovnadaa gadawyvetili, ase magaliTad, m.s. strogoviCi aRniS-

navda, rom `sisxlis samarTlis procesSi arsebobs sami ZiriTadi funqcia: a)

braldebis (sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis), b) dacvis da g) saqmis gadawyvetis

(Ñòðîãîâè÷ Ì.Ñ., êóðñ ñîâåòñêîãî óãîëîâíîãî ïðîöåññà, ò.1. 1968. ñ. 189); xolo r. d. raxunovi ki anviTarebda mosazrebas eqvsi saproceso funqciis

arsebobis Sesaxeb: a) saqmis gamoZieba, b) braldeba, g) dacva, d) samoqalaqo

sarCelis wardgena, e) samoqalaqo sarCelisagan Tavis dacva da v) saqmis gad-

awyveta (Ðàõóíîâ Ð.Ä., Ó÷àñòíèêè óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ïî ñîâåòñêîìó ïðàâó, 1961, ñ. 47-48); analogiur mosazrebas iziarebda p.s.

elkindi, im gansxvavebiT, rom samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenas da misgan Tavis

dacvas miiCnevda araZiriTad funqciebad (Ýëüêèíä Ï.Ñ. Ñóùíîñòü ñîâåòñêîãî óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîãî ïðàâî, èçä-âî ËÃÓ, 1963. ñ. 59-66): `sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis~ qarTul saxelmZRvaneloSi, romelic gamocemulia 2002

wels, saproceso funqciis oTx saxezea (a)gamoZiebis (braldebis), b) dacvis,

g) saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis, d) zedamxedvelobis) saubari, gv. 10.

40 41

saministros, saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros, saqarT-

velos finansTa saministros, saqarTvelos garemos dacvi-

sa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros sagamoZiebo dan-

ayofebis gamomZieblebi. isini TavianTi komptenciis farg-

lebSi valdebulni arian sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Caa-

taron yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamoZieba. gamo-

avlinon danaSaulis Cadenis yvela garemoeba; miiRon

zomebi danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis asanazRaure-

blad da danaSaulis xelSemwyobi mizezebisa da pirobebis

gamosavlenad da aRmosafxvrelad. sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa

Catarebis gziT moipovon mtkicebulebebi, riTac SeZleben

danaSaulis Camdeni yvela piris dadgenas. gamomZiebeli

erTnairad dainteresebuli unda iyos piris mimarT Sekri-

bos, rogorc gamamtyunebeli, ise gamamarTlebeli mtkice-

bulebebi, daadginos, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis damamZime-

beli, ise Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi. gamomZiebelma Tavi-

si obieqturi, miukerZoebeli, saqmisadmi profesiuli

midgomiT, maqsimalurad Tanabari pirobebi unda Seuqmnas

braldebisa da dacvis mxares sasamarTloSi paeqrobisaTvis.

gamomZiebels unda axsovdes, misi saqmianoba win uZRvis ra

sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvas, didi

pasuxismgebloba akisria. Tu winasasamarTlo gamoZieba

Catarebulia sworad da srulyofilad, mtkicebulebebic

akmayofilebs saproceso kanonis moTxovnebs, maSin sasa-

marTloc SeZlebs samarTliani marTlmsajulebis ganxor-

cielebas da kanonieri, dasabuTebuli da samarTliani

ganaCenis gamotanas. xolo Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqme

gamoZiebulia cudad, calmxrivad, arasrulyofilad, maSin

sasamarTlos gauZneldeba araTu samarTliani marTlmsa-

julebis ganxorcieleba, aramed saerTod sisxlis samarT-

lis saqmis ganxilva.

vexebiT ra gamoZiebis funqcias, unda gvaxsovdes, rom

winasasamarTlo gamoZiebis stadiaze ar wydeba da arc

SeiZleba wydebodes braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi mice-

muli piris braleulobis sakiTxi. braleulad braldebuli

(gansasjeli) SeiZleba cnos mxolod sasamarTlom da ara-

viTar SemTxvevaSi arc gamomZiebelma da arc prokurorma.

e.i. gamoZiebis funqciis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom

gamomZiebelma sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, obieqturi, mi-

ukerZoebeli midgomiT Caataros sruli moculobiT saga-

moZiebo moqmedebebi, raTa am gziT mopovebuli mtkicebule-

bebiT daadginos, rogorc danaSaulis an sxva marTlsawi-

naaRmdego qmedebis faqtobrivi garemoebani, ise am qmede-

baTa Camdeni piric. rom Seqmnas pirobebi braldebisa da

dacvis mxareebisaTvis sasamarTloSi sapaeqrod.

2) braldebis funqcia.braldebis funqcia. mas Semdeg, rac konkretul

faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamomZiebeli qvemdebareobis mixedviT

Caatarebs sruli moculobiT sagamoZiebo moqmedebebs da

moipovebs mtkicebulebebs, romlebic misi varaudiT sakma-

risia pirisaTvis braldebis warsadgenad, sisxlis samarT-

lis saqmes gadascems saproceso xelmZRvanelobis ganmax-

orcielebel prokurors. prokurori Seiswavlis, amowmebs,

afasebs: a) sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi arsebul TiToeul

mtkicebulebas, saproceso normebis moTxovnaTa dacviTaa

Tu ara isini mopovebuli? mtkicebulebebiT marTlac dg-

indeba qmedebis marTlsawinaaRmdego xasiaTi? saqmeSi arse-

buli mtkicebulebebiT marTlac dgindeba marTlsawinaaRm-

dego qmedebis Camdeni piri? saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebule-

bebi sakmarisia dasabuTebuli varaudisaTvis, rom pirma

Caidina danaSauli da SeiZleba mas braldeba waredginos?

aris yvela is garemoeba dadgenili, romlebic gavlenas

axdens piris pasuxismgeblobis xasiaTsa da xarisxze, axa-

42 43

siaTebs mis pirovnebas? dadgenilia Tu ara danaSaulis

Sedegad miyenebuli zianis xasiaTi da odenoba? am da sxva

rig sakiTxebs, rom gadawyvets prokurori, mas gamoaqvs

dadgenileba piris braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi mice-

mis Taobaze an gamomZiebels aZlevs Tanxmobas aseTi dadge-

nilebis gamotanis Taobaze (saqarTvelos sssk-is 282-e

muxlis pirveli nawili). braldebis wardgenasac anxor-

cielebs prokurori an gamomZiebeli. gamomZiebeli pirisaT-

vis braldebis wardgenis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv acnobebs

prokurors. kanonmdeblis es pozicia arasworad migvaCnia1,

ramdenadac Tu gamomZiebels, prokuroris TanxmobiT mieca

SesaZlebloba gamoitanos dadgenileba piris braldebulis

saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb, aseve braldebuls

warudginos braldeba, mas es ufleba tendenciurs, arao-

bieqturs gaxdis. misi interesi mimarTuli iqneba iqiTken,

rom moipovos da Sekribos mxolod braldebis damadas-

turebeli mtkicebulebebi, misTvis miuRebeli gaxdeba

gawios garkveuli Sroma gamamarTlebeli an Semamsubuqebeli

garemoebebis dasadgenad, rac gamoZiebas calmxrivs da aras-

rulyofils gaxdis. daamkvidrebs maxinj sagamoZiebo praq-

tikas, romlis mixedviTac prokurori yovelTvis Seecdeba

ara mxolod daeTanxmos gamomZiebels piris braldebulis

saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemaze da braldebis wardgenaze,

aramed daavalos kidev sabraldebo daskvnis Sedgenac, mo-

tivad is gamoiyenos, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebs

gamomZiebeli ufro icnobs, TviTon ki, rogorc prokurori

mxolod xels moawers sabraldebo daskvnas. amiT ki dai-

1 r. gogSeliZe, rogori unda iyos gamoZiebis xvalindeli dRe? saiubi-

leo krebuli, miZRv., Tsu iur. fak. 80 wlis., `saxelmwifosa da samarTlis

aqtualuri problemebi~, 2003 w. gv. 442-449: r. gogSeliZe, prokuraturis

roli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi, J., `samarTali~, 2002 w. #9-10; gv.

71-75.

kargeba prokurori, rogorc profesionali, romelic mxars

uWers braldebas da misi, rogorc braldebis mxaris pa-

suxismgebloba. es pasuxismgebloba gadanawilebul iqneba

prokurorsa da gamomZiebels Soris (maSin, rodesac

gamomZiebeli ar aris mxare). xolo gamomZiebeli, rogorc

gamoZiebis fanqciis ganmaxorcielebeli Sesustdeba, xarve-

ziani gaxdeba da dakargavs faqtis gamoZiebasTan mimarTe-

baSi miukerZoeblobisa da obieqturobis Tvisebas (garda

amisa, Seikveceba gamomZieblis profesionalad gazrdis

survili. is prokuroris miTiTebebs daelodeba).

mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, gamomZieblis funqciad darCes

faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba, xolo prokuroris funqciad

ki braldebis funqcia, sadac moazrebuli iqneba dadge-

nilebis gamotana piris braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi

micemis, braldebis wardgenisa da sabraldebo daskvnis Sed-

genis Sesaxeb. aseve, kanonmdebelma prokuroris movaleobad

unda aqcios braldebulis dakiTxva da ara SesaZleblobad

(uflebad), rogorc es gadawyvetilia moqmedi sisxlis sa-

marTlis saproceso kodeqsis 283-e muxlis pirveli nawil-

iT. braldebulis dakiTxva prokurors daexmareba ara mx-

olod Seamowmos, Seafasos saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebule-

bebi, aramed Caswvdes TviTon braldebulis pirovnebas da

amiT Seiqmnas Sinagani rwmena, gaimyaros sakuTari pozicia,

rogorc mxarem. yovelive zemoT Tqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT

Camoyalibdeba kontrolis didi meqanizmi adamianis ufle-

baTa da kanonier interesTa dacvis sferoSi.

maSasadame, unda iTqvas, rom braldebiTi funqcia,

rogorc sisxlis saproceso samarTlis funqcia, upirveles

yovlisa kompetenturi Tanamdebobis piris, organos bral-

debiTi saqmianobaa, mimarTuli imisken, rom mxilebul iqnes

danaSaulis Camdeni piri. meores mxriv, braldebiTi funqcia

44 45

gulisxmobs saxelmwifo bralmdeblis saqmianobas sasamarT-

loSi rogorc mxarisa, romelic braldebis gamamyarebeli

mtkicebulebebis moyvaniTa da maTi gamokvleviT cdilobs

daamtkicos gansasjelis braleuloba sisxlis samarTlis

kanoniT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis CadenaSi.

mesames mxriv, unda iTqvas, rom raki braldebiTi saqmi-

anoba mimarTulia konkretuli piris danaSaulis CadenaSi

mxilebisaken da misi msjavrdebisaken, igi uTanabrdeba (Tum-

caRa sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ufro farTo Sinaarsis

matarebelia, vidre braldebis) sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devnis institutsac. aqedan gamomdinare ki, raki sisxlis-

samarTlebriv devnas saqarTvelos sssk-is 55-e muxlis

mixedviT prokuratura axorcielebs, braldebiTi funqciis braldebiTi funqciis

gamtarebelic mxolod da mxolod am organos Tanamdebobis gamtarebelic mxolod da mxolod am organos Tanamdebobis

piri-prokurori unda iyos.piri-prokurori unda iyos.

amrigad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, rogorc sapro-

ceso saqmianoba mimarTulia konkretuli piris _ bralde-

bulis mimarT1, romelsac braldeba danaSaulis Cadena.

saproceso literaturaSi iyo sxva mosazrebac. zogierTi

swavluli iuristi miiCnevda, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devna xorcieldeba ara konkretuli piris mimarT, aramed

TviTon faqtis mimarTo2, rac arasworad unda miviCnioT.

TviTon sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis etimologiuri mniS-

vneloba gveubneba, rom devna xorcieldeba piris mimarT da

ara faqtisa. faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba iwyeba.

1 S. fafiaSvili, sisxlis samarTlis saqmisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devnis aRZvris problema sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. Tb., 1999 w. gv. 24.

Ì. Ñ. Ñòðîãîâè÷, Êóðñ ñîâåòñêîãî óãîëîâíîãî ïðîöåññà, ò. 1. Ì., 1968. ñ. 192-196.

2 Ì. À. ×åëüöîâ. Ñîâåòñêèé óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ, Ãîñþðèçäàò, 1951. ñ. 88-89. Óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî Ðîññèéñêîé ôåäåðàöèè. îòâ. ðåä. È. Ë. Ïåòðóõèí, Ì., 2006. ñ. 94.

daskvnis saxiT unda iTqvas, rom braldebiTi funqcia,

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna xorcieldeba ra konkretuli

piris mimarT, iwyeba winasasamarTlo gamoZiebis stadiaze

_ dadgenilebis gamotaniT piris braldebulis saxiT pa-

suxisgebaSi micemis Taobaze (magram, ramdenadac dRes mo-

qmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi icnobs eWvmi-

tanilis instituts, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna SeiZle-

ba iTqvas iwyeba maSinac, rodesac piris dakaveba xdeba

eWvmitanilis saxiT an dadgenileba gamoitaneba piris eWvmi-

tanilad cnobis Sesaxeb da grZeldeba manamde vidre ar

amoiwureba piris eWvmitanilad dakavebis vada da piri ar

gaTavisufldeba an vidre dadgenileba piris eWvmitanilad

cnobis Taobaze ar gauqmdeba braldebis warudgenlobis

gamo) da grZeldeba manamde, vidre sasamarTlo ar gamoitans

gamamtyunebel ganaCens da es ganaCeni ar Seva kanonier

ZalaSi. aseve, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna konkretuli

piris mimarT mTavrdeba Tu sasamarTlo gamoitans gamama-

rTlebel ganaCens an kidev Sewydeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devna an/da winaswari gamoZieba.

vexebiT ra sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas, gverds ver

avuqcevT kanonmdeblis xedvas am institutTan dakavSirebiT

da verc mis saxeebs. romelsac aseve gvawodebs kanonmdebeli

saqarTvelos moqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kode-

qsSi (sssk-is 23-e muxli) da uyuradRebodac ar toveben

saproceso literaturaSi.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

44-e muxlis 431-e punqtis mixedviT sisxlissamarTlebri-

vi devna _ es aris uflebamosili piris mier ganxorciele-

buli moqmedebaTa erToblioba, romlis mizania eWvmitanilis

an braldebulis mimarT sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kanonebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Ronis-

46 47

Ziebis gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa. aRniSnuli kodeqsis 23-e

muxli iZleva sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis saxeebis

CamonaTvalsac, esenia: sajaro, subsidiuri, kerZo-sajaro

da kerZo1. davaxasiaToT TiToeuli maTgani.

a) sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. sajaro sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi devna xorcieldeba yvela kategoriis dana-

Saulze, mniSvneloba ara aqvs es iqneba gansakuTrebiT

mZime, mZime Tu naklebad mZime kategoriis danaSauli. es

gasagebicaa, ramdenadac saxelmwifo Tavis Tavze iRebs

valdebulebas daicvas danaSauliT dazaralebuli adami-

anebi an organizaciebi. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsis 24-e muxlis mixedviT sajaro sisx-

lissamarTlebrivi devnis ganmaxorcielebeli subieqtebi

arian: prokurori da gamomZiebeli. isini miiReben Tu ara

informacias danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb, yvela SemTx-

vevaSi valdebulni arian daiwyon gamoZieba. mniSvneloba

ara aqvs iqneba Tu ara Setyobineba dazaralebulis, eWvmi-

tanilis, braldebulis Tu sxva piris mxridan. Tu gamomZie-

beli damoukideblad daiwyebs gamoZiebas, dauyovnebliv

acnobebs prokurors da unda miiRos misgan Tanxmoba. mas

Semdeg, rac gamomZiebeli moipovebs sakmaris mtkicebulebebs

da miiCnevs, rom safuZveli aqvs gamoitanos dadgenileba

konkretuli piris braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi

misacemad, valdebulia aseTi dadgenilebis gamosatanad

Tanxmoba miiRos prokurorisagan.

rac Seexeba prokurors, prokurori winaswari gamoZie-

bis stadiaze metad aqtiuri da farTo uflebamosilebis

1 zogierT literaturaSi asaxeleben sajaro-kerZo sisxlissamarTlebri-

vi devnis saxesac, romelic iwyeba, rogorc sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devna, magram mTavrdeba mxareTa SerigebiT, ix. Óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. ó÷åáíèê 2-å èçä., îòâ ðåä., È. Ë. Ïåòðóõèí, 2006. ñ. 94-108.

matarebeli subieqtia (saqarTvelos sssk-is 56-e muxli).

rogorc kanonmdeblobidan Cans, igi sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devnis ganxorcielebis uzrunvelsayofad winaswari gamoZie-

bis stadiaze axorcielebs saproceso xelmZRvanelobas da

Tavisi samarTlebrivi mdgomareobiT utoldeba komunisturi

periodis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT

uflebamosil prokurors, romelic winaswari gamoZiebis

stadiaze saprokuroro zedamxedvelobas axorcielebda.

vfiqrobT, aseTi Zveli standartiT prokuroris uflebam-

osilebis SenarCuneba iwvevs gamoZiebisa da sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis urTierTSi aRrevas da winaaRmdegobaSi

mosvlas SejibrebiT sisxlis samarTlis procesTan (es

problema sainteresoa da sxva kuTxiT kvlevis sagani).

prokurori damoukideblad iwyebs gamoZiebas, aseve

damoukideblad gamoaqvs dadgenileba piris braldebulis

saxiT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb;

uflebamosilia monawileoba miiRos nebismieri saxis saga-

moZiebo moqmedebaTa CatarebaSi, TviTon awarmoos winaswari

gamoZieba sruli moculobiT da a.S. winaswari gamoZieba

daasrulos sabraldebo daskvnis SedgeniT da asli gad-

asces braldebuls.

sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dros winaswari

gamoZieba warimarTeba obieqturad, yovelmxriv da sruli

moculobiT. sakmarisi da aucilebeli mtkicebulebebis

Sekrebis mizniT tardeba yvela saWiro da aucilebeli

mtkicebulebebi.

sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisas

misi mimdinareoba, rom usafuZvlod ar gaWianurdes da amiT

ar Seilaxos moqalaqeTa uflebebi da kanonieri inter-

esebi, maTi dacvis mizniT kanonmdebelma Seqmna meqanizmebi.

erT-erT aseT meqanizms warmoadgens dazaralebulis, misi

48 49

warmomadgenlis, samoqalaqo mosarCeles, agreTve im piris

mier, romlis mimarTac xdeba mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba, sa-

Civris Setana zemdgom prokurorTan an gamoZiebis adgilis

mixedviT raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, im motiviT,

rom saqmeSi aris sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis gansaxorcileblad, magram, ratomRac

gamomZiebels prokuroris TanxmobiT an prokurors ar

gamoaqvT dadgenileba piris braldebulad sisxlis samar-

Tlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb da iTxoven devnis

dawyebas.

sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisas

prokurori valdebulia Secvalos braldeba an uari Tqvas

braldebaze nawilobriv an mTlianad Tu saqmeSi arsebuli

mtkicebulebebi ar adastureben braldebas. prokuroris

aseTi gadawyvetileba savaldebuloa gamomZieblisaTvis.

garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac gamomZiebeli ar eTanxmeba

prokurors braldebis moculobis, qmedebis kvalifikaciis

sferoSi. aseT dros gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs Tavisi

mosazrebebi werilobiTi formiT da sisxlis samarTlis

saqme warudginos zemdgom prokurors, romelic auqmebs

qvemdgomi prokuroris miTiTebebs an gamoZiebas avalebs

sxva gamomZiebels. zemdgomi prokuroris gadawyvetileba

sabolooa. Tu prokurori sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis ganxilvisas uars ityvis braldebaze an Secvlis

braldebas gansasjelis sasargeblod, aucilebelia zem-

dgomi prokuroris Tanxmoba. magram, amasTan dakavSirebiT

kanonmdebeli ar azustebs, zemdgomi prokuroris es Tanx-

moba werilobiTi formis iyos Tu zepiri. kanonmdeblis

nebidan gamomdinare orive forma misaRebi unda iyos, magram

yovelgvari mosalodneli gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebis

mizniT zemdgomi prokuroris Tanxmoba unda iyos werilo-

biTi saxiT. miT umetes maSin, rodesac sasamarTloSi bral-

debis Secvlisas prokurori valdebulia sasamarTlos

warudginos braldebis axali werilobiTi formulireba.

TumcaRa isic sakamaToa, kanonmdebeli ratom avaldebulebs

prokurors braldebis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi warudginos

sasamarTlos axali werilobiTi formulireba? sasamarTlo

xom saqmes wyvets kanonis uzenaesobisa da Sinagani rwmenis

safuZvelze, Tuki, sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxil-

visas, rogorc kanonmdebeli SeniSnavs sssk-is 446-e muxlis

mesame nawilSi, prokurors Camouyalibda rwmena, rom bral-

deba, romelsac igi mxars uWerda ar dasturdeba valde-

bulia Tqvas uari braldebaze (es imperatiuli moTxovnaa),

maSin ratomRa unda iyos prokurori valdebuli sasamarT-

los warudginos braldebis axali werilobiTi formuli-

reba. gana aseTi mniSvnelovani unda iyos sasamarTlosaTvis

braldebis mxaris pozicia? maSin ra vuyoT dacvis mxaris

pozicias?


24-e muxlis merve nawilis mixedviT Tu prokurori sasa-

marTloSi uars ityvis braldebaze, sasamarTlo valdebulia

Sewyvitos sisxlis samarTlis saqme an gamoitanos gamama-

rTlebeli ganaCeni (aRniSnuli muxlis nawilis srulyo-

filebisaTvis kargi iqneboda kanonmdebels yuradReba mieq-

cia sssk-is 446-e muxlisaTvis).

b) subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. saqarT-

velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 23-e muxli

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis erT-erT saxed acxadebs sub-

sidiur sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas. subsidiuri sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi devna gvxvdeba mxolod da mxolod sasa-

marTloSi (aq igulisxmeba, rogorc pirveli instanciis

sasamarTlo, ise saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasa-

50 51

marTloebi) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas. ratom

sasamarTloSi da ara winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze? das-

mul kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaSi dagvexmareba TviTon sityva

`subsidiuris~ mniSvneloba da kanonmdeblis neba. sityva

`subsidiuri~ (subsidiarius) laTinuri warmoSobisaa da

qarTulad _ damxmares, damatebiTs niSnavs. sityvis es

mniSvneloba kanonmdebelma kargad miusadaga dazaralebulis,

misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis uflebas da saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 25-e muxlSi

ganacxada, rom dazaralebulsa da mis warmomadgenels

ufleba aqvT mxari dauWiron prokuroris mier formuli-

rebul saxelmwifo braldebas. aseTi mxardaWera ki Sei-

Zleba gamovlindes, rogorc sajaro ise kerZo-sajaro

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dros. dazaralebuli, misi

kanonieri warmomadgeneli prokurorTan, saxelmwifo bralm-

debelTan erTad amtkicebs ra gansasjelis braleulobas,

iTxovs mis dasjas, moqmedebs rogorc sajaro interesebis

damcveli. meores mxriv, misi monawileoba sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmeSi emsaxureba sakuTari interesebis, uflebebis

dacvas, romelic dairRva danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad.

swored am dros, rodesac dazaralebuli (misi warmomad-

geneli) prokurorTan erTad ganaxorcielebs kanoniT mini-

Webul uflebas _ icavs sakuTar interesebs, amtkicebs

konkretuli piris braldebas, abaTilebs gansasjelisa da

misi damcvelis poziciebs, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi

igi ukve moqmedebs, rogorc subsidiuri bralmdebeli.

ramdenadac saxelmwifo braldeba xorcieldeba mxolod

sasamarTloSi, subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ver

gamovlindeba winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze.

subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ara mxolod

imas gulisxmobs, rom dazaralebulma, misma kanonierma

warmomadgenelma sasamarTloSi mxari dauWiros prokuro-

ris mier formulirebul saxelmwifo braldebas, aramed am

saxeobis devnis bunebisaTvis isaa kidev damaxasiaTebeli,

rom Tu prokurori uars ityvis braldebaze an Secvlis

braldebas, dazaralebuls an mis warmomadgenels ufleba

aqvs sasamarTloSi mxari dauWiros winandel braldebas.

magram ara aqvT ufleba, gascdnen prokuroris mier for-

mulirebul saxelmwifo braldebis farglebs. (e.i. dazarale-

buli moklebulia SesaZleblobas, gansasjelis mimarT

wamowios axali braldeba, mas rCeba ufleba Secvalos

braldeba gansasjelis sasargeblod). aseT SemTxvevaSi

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ar wydeba, sasamarTlo ganagr-

Zobs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvas, sadac ukve

bralmdeblis rangSi gvevlineba dazaralebuli an misi

warmomadgeneli. prokurors ki ufleba aqvs aRar miiRos

monawileoba saqmis ganxilvaSi, ramdenadac man ukve daafiq-

sira sakuTari pozicia.1

subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna gamoyenebadi

rom iyos sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxil-

vis dros, mosamarTlem (sasamarTlom) sasamarTlo sxdomis

mosamzadebel stadiaze dazaralebuls, mis kanonier war-

momadgenels uflebebisa da movaleobebis ganmartebis mi-

cemis dros, subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis

ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT meti informacia unda

1 mas Semdeg, rac prokurori uars ityvis braldebaze an Secvlis bral-

debas, dazaralebuls, mis kanonier warmomadgenels ufleba mieces dauWiros

mxari winandel braldebas _ hyavs mowinaaRmdegeebi. argumentad is mohyavT,

rom ramdenadac dazaralebuls ara aqvs iuridiuli ganaTleba, mtkicebis

tvirTi gansasjelis braleulobis Sesaxeb gadava sasamarTloze; rom sasa-

marTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis gagrZelebis dros, dazarale-

buli ixelmZRvanelebs ara iuridiuli normebiT, aramed SurisZiebis grZno-

biT, ganawyenebis grZnobiT.

52 53

miawodos.

g) kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. saqarT-

velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 23-e muxlis

mixedviT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis erT-erTi saxea

kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, romlis arsic

kanonmdebels gaxsnili aqvs sssk-is 26-e muxlSi. aRniS-

nuli devnis Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom aq Seza-

vebulia erTmaneTSi sajaro da kerZo interesebi. kerZo-

sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis kerZo interesi

ikveTeba imaSi, rom igi iwyeba mxolod dazaralebulis

saCivriT da ar wydeba braldebulTan dazaralebulis Ser-

igebiT. TumcaRa gamonaklisi saxiT, garkveul SemTxvevaSi

kanonmdebeli uSvebs kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devnis ganxorcielebis dros braldebulTan dazaralebulis

Serigebasac (rac, vfiqrobT kargad warmoaCens aRniSnuli

devnis kerZo bunebas). es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi devnis gagrZelebam SeiZleba ziani miayenos

rogorc dazaralebuls, ise braldebuls. magaliTad, Svilad

ayvanis saidumloeba gaamJRavna ojaxis wevrma (vTqvaT be-

biam), dazaralebulma emociebze dayrdnobiT, Sesabamis

organoSi Seitana saCivari, daiwyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devna, magram misma gagrZelebam SeiZleba ziani miayenos

rogorc dazaralebuls, ise braldebuls. kerZod ki, Seiqm-

nas konfliqturi viTareba, dapirispireba ojaxis wevrebs

Soris da saqme mivides col-qmris ganqorwinebamdec, ufro

metad daziandes Svilad ayvanilis interesebi. aseT SemTx-

vevaSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis gagrZeleba zianis

mimyenebeli iqneba, rogorc dazaralebulisaTvis, ise bral-

debulisaTvis, amitom igi unda Sewydes. an aviRoT aseTi

martivi magaliTi: gaupatiurebis faqtze (mxedvelobaSia,

danaSauli gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

137-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT) dazaralebulis saCivriT

daiwyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. cnobili gaxda, rom

dazaralebulma da braldebulma Seqmnes ojaxi, dazarale-

buli fexmZimedaa, e.i. Serigdnen. aseT SemTxvevaSi, gana

logikuri iqneba da samarTliani gagrZeldes sisxlissa-

marTlebrivi devna, romelic zianis mimyenebeli iqneba

rogorc dazaralebulisaTvis, ise braldebulisaTvis? ra

Tqma unda, ara, da igi unda Sewydes.

kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis sajaro

xasiaTi vlindeba imaSi, rom prokurors ufleba aqvs

garkveul SemTxvevaSi daiwyos sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devna saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

26-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-

lobebidan, romelimes saxeze arsebobisas, maSinac ki, rode-

sac ar arsebobs dazaralebulis saCivari. kerZod ki maSin,

roca saqmes aqvs gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniS-

vneloba da imavdroulad dazaralebuls umweo mdgomareo-

bis an braldebulze damokidebulebis gamo ar SeuZlia

daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi. oRond

im pirobiT, rom qmedunarian dazaralebuls prokurori-

saTvis aqvs micemuli werilobiTi Tanxmoba sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis Taobaze. naTqvamidan gamom-

dinareobs, rom Tu dazaralebuli qmeduunaro iqneba, aseT

SemTxvevaSi prokurorma sakuTari iniciativiT unda ganax-

orcielos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.

yuradReba misaqcevia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsis 26-e muxlis meore nawilSi naTqvami

sityvebi: `saqmis gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniS-

vneloba~. vin unda Seafasos `saqme aris Tu ara gansa-

kuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis? gamoTqmulia

mosazreba, rom `konkretul~ SemTxvevaSi es Sefaseba mien-

54 55

dos procesis mwarmoebel organos, Tanamdebobis pirs~.1

migvaCnia, aseT zogad, lozungis magvar ganacxads: `saqmis

gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba~, bundovanebis,

orWofobis, marCielobis meti araferi Seaqvs normaSi,

amitom is, saerTod amoRebuli unda iyos normidan. kanon-

mdebelma Tavi unda aaridos aseTi zogadi frazebis nor-

maSi gamoyenebas.

kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas mikuTvnebu-

li danaSaulebi gvxvdeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis, rogorc adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTul dana-

SaulTa karSi, aseve ekonomikuri danaSaulis karSi.

adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa karSi,

kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas daqvemdebarebul

danaSaulTa ricxvSi moiazreba: a) sqesobrivi Tavisufleb-

isa da xelSeuxeblobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli zogierTi

danaSaulebi. esenia: gaupatiureba (saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxlis pirveli nawili); seq-

sualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba (saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 138-e muxlis pirveli nawili);

sqesobrivi kavSiris an seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvari mo-

qmedebis iZuleba (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeq-

sis 139-e muxli). CamoTvlil danaSaulTa sferoSi

dazaralebulis saCivris aucilebloba ganpirobebulia xe-

lyofis obieqtis TaviseburebiT. saqme imaSia, rom pirovne-

bis sqesobrivi Tavisufleba da xelSeuxebloba metad in-

timuri sferoa da masSi saxelmwifo, rom Caerios dazarale-

bulis neba unda iyos gamovlenili. dazaralebulis aseTi

nebis gamovlenad iTvleba momxdari faqtis Sesaxeb, misi

saCivriT mimarTva kompetenturi Tanamdebobis pirisadmi,

1 z. meiSvili, o. jorbenaZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis komentarebi, Tb., 2007 w., gv. 90.

saxelmwifo organosadmi. saCivriT mimarTva Tanxmobasac

niSnavs da imasac, rom dazaralebulma aitanos yvela is

uaryofiTi gancda (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Cvenebis micema

momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT, Sexvedra misTvis arasasur-

vel pirovnebasTan, sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertiza da

a.S.), rac mohyveba saxelmwifos mxridan mis intimur sfe-

oSi Carevas.

b) adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisufle-

bebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli zogierTi danaSaulebi. esenia:

sityvis Tavisuflebis xelyofa (saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-

marTlis kodeqsis 153-e muxli); piradi an ojaxuri said-

umlos xelyofa (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

157-e muxli); informaciis gacnobaze uaris Tqma an aras-

wori informaciis wardgena (saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-

Tlis kodeqsis 167-e muxli).1 ramdenadac CamoTvlili

danaSaulebi xelyofen konkretuli adamianis konstituci-

ur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devnis dawyebis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba

unda miiRos uSualod im pirovnebam, visac aseTi ziani

miadga. Tu pirovnebam saCivriT ar mimarTa samarTaldamcav

organoebs, maT gauWirdebaT imis gadawyveta Tu visi ufle-

bebi, romeli uflebebi Tu Tavisuflebebi dairRva, vis mier

dairRva.

g) ojaxisa da arasrulwlovnis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli

zogierTi danaSauli. magaliTad: Svilad ayvanis saidum-

1 kanonmdebels SeeZlo gaefarToebina adamianis konstituciuri uflebe-

bisa da Tavisuflebebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa wre, romlebzedac

gavrceldeboda kerZo-sajaro sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna (magaliTad, iseTi

danaSaulebiT, rogoricaa: adgilsamyofelis Tavisuflad arCevis uflebis xe-

lyofa (ssk-is 152-e muxli); piradi mimoweris, telefoniT saubris an sxvagvari

xerxiT Setyobinebis saidumloebis darRveva (ssk-is 159-e muxli); binis an sxva

mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva (ssk-is 160-e muxli) da a.S.

56 57

loebis gamJRavneba (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-

eqsis 175-e muxli). aRniSnuli danaSauli, ramdenadac xe-

lyofs mSoblisa da bavSvis uflebebsa da kanonier inter-

esebs, savaldebuloa iyos dazaralebulis saCivari, raTa

Sesabamis saxelmwifo organoebs gauadvildeT dazaralebu-

lis interesebis dacva.

rac Seexeba ekonomikuri danaSaulis karSi moqceul

danaSaulebs, kanonmdebelma iqidan kerZo-sajaro sisxlis-

samarTlebriv devnas miakuTvna: saavtoro, momijnave ufleb-

is mflobelisa da monacemTa bazis damamzadeblis uflebis

xelyofa (gaTvaliswinebuli saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-

Tlis kodeqsis 189-e muxliT) da samrewvelo sakuTrebis

uflebis xelyofa (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1891-e

muxli). Tu vixelmZRvanelebT saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-

Tlis kanonmdeblobiT, orive danaSaulis arsebobis SemTx-

vevaSi xelyofilia konkretuli pirovnebis saavtoro-

SemoqmedebiTi ufleba. daculi, rom iqnes piris saavtoro

uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi, TviTon pirovnebas unda

miaCndes, rom dairRva misi saavtoro _ SemoqmedebiTi

uflebebi, da Sesabamis saxelmwifo organoSi saCivris

SetaniT unda iTxovdes uflebebSi aRdgenas, kanonieri in-

teresebis dacvas. amitom kanonmdeblis nebis gamoxatva,

CamoTvlili danaSaulebi iyos kerZo-sajaro sisxlissa-

marTlebrivi devnis sfero logikuria.

d) kerZo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.kerZo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. kerZo sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi devnis Tavisebureba imaSi gamoixateba, rom

misi dawyebac da Sewyvetac damokidebulia mxolod

dazaralebulis nebis gamovlenaze, e.i. wina planzea wamoweu-

li kerZo interesebi. swored dazaralebuli gvevlineba

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganmaxorcielebel subieqtad,

kerZo bralmdeblad.

kerZo sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas mTeli rigi speci-

fikuri niSnebi axasiaTebs: a) igi iwyeba mxolod da mxolod

dazaralebulis saCivris safuZvelze; b) dasaSvebia

dazaralebulis braldebulTan Serigeba; g) Serigeba unda

moxdes mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos, aq igulisxmeba saapel-

acio da sakasacio instanciac) saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde;

d) mxareebi Serigebis SemTxvevaSi unda morigdnen sasa-

marTlo xarxjebis anazRaurebazec, Tu isini amis Taobaze

ver morigdebian, maSin maT sasamarTlo gadaunawilebs xar-

jebs; e) dazaralebulis braldebulTan (gansasjelTan)

Serigeba ar daiSveba Tu kerZo braldebis saqmeSi Caeba

prokurori; v) prokurori uflebamosilia Caebas kerZo

braldebis saqmeSi Tu: 1) amas werilobiT iTxoven mxa-

reebi; 2) amas werilobiT iTxovs mxolod dazaralebuli

an misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli; 3) saqmes gansakuTrebu-

li sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs; 4) amas moiTxovs

saxelmwifo interesebi; 5) amas moiTxovs sazogadoebrivi

i n t e r e s e b i ;

6) amas moiTxovs moqalaqeebis uflebebis dacva; z) kerZo

braldebis saqmeze mxareebs ufleba aqvT erTmaneTs war-

udginon braldebebi da Tuki safuZveli iqneba mosamarTle

Tavisi dadgenilebiT dazaralebuls cnobs braldebuladac,

xolo braldebuls _ dazaralebuladac.

kanonmdebelma kerZo sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas dau-

qvemdebara ori saxis danaSauli: janmrTelobis ganzrax

msubuqi dazianeba (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-

eqsis 120-e muxli) da cema (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

125-e muxli).

kerZo braldebis sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba bevr rame-

Si emsgavseba samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebas. Tu sajaro

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dros davis erT-erTi mxare

58 59

yovelTvis saxelmwifoa, da icavs sajaro interesebs,

kerZo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dros orive mxare

Tanasworobis sawyisze icavs mxolod Tavis sakuTar in-

teresebs. kerZo bralmdebeli ar flobs saxelmwifo ad-

ministrirebas, ara aqvs ufleba Caataros sagamoZiebo moq-

medebebi, mimarTos sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv

iZulebas. marTalia, prokuroris kerZo braldebis saqmeSi

CabmiT irRveva kerZo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis arsi

(amasTan dakavSirebiT srulyofas saWiroeben da Sinaarso-

briv Sesabamisobasac (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs kerZo bralde-

bis saqmeSi prokuroris Cabmis safuZvlebi) saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 27-e da 634-e

muxlebi), magram prioritetad mainc kerZo interesi unda

darCes.

kerZo braldebis saqmeebze miiRos gadawyvetileba, aseT

uflebamosil subieqtad gvevlineba mxolod sasamarTlo.

dazaralebulma saCivari werilobiTi formiT da xelmow-

eriT unda Seitanos danaSaulis adgilis mixedviT raionul

(saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi. saCivarSi dazaralebuli unda

aRwerdes danaSaulis faqts, mohyavdes cnobebi danaSaulis

Camdeni pirisa da danaSaulis Sesaxeb, gadmoscemdes mt-

kicebulebaTa CamonaTvalsa da Txovnas, rom mosamarTlem

ganixilos saqme. Tu mosamarTle saqmes miiRebs warmoebaSi,

braldebis mtkicebis tvirTi awevs dazaralebuls anu

kerZo bralmdebels. dazaralebuls ufleba aqvs hyavdes

advokati, romelic sasamarTlo procesSi monawileobas

miiRebs, rogorc misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli. dazarale-

buls, mis kanonier warmomadgenels (kerZo braldebis mx-

are), iseve, rogorc gansasjels ufleba aqvT sakuTari

interesebis dacvis mizniT, mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos)

winaSe dasvan Suamdgomlobebi mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis

mizniT. sasamarTlom mxareebs unda Seuqmnas Tanaswori

pirobebi paeqrobisaTvis, man obieqturad da miukerZoeblad

unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos, rogorc kerZo bralmde-

blis, ise gansasjelis mier aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi.

sasurveli iqneba, Tu kerZo braldebis saqmeTa gadawyvetis

dros mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) modave mxareebs Soris

arsebul davas morigebiT daasrulebs da amiT, SeunarCu-

nebs maT keTil-adamianur ganwyobas urTierTis misamar-

TiT.

SevexeT ra, mokled, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Ti-

Toeul saxes, maTi arsidan gamomdinare migvaCnia, rom

gamarTleba eqneba Tuki sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kanonmdeblobaSi damkvidrdeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis

ori saxe: sajaro da kerZo. es ori saxe srulyofilad

xsnis sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis bunebas.

3) dacvis funqcia.dacvis funqcia. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18

muxlis mixedviT adamianis Tavisufleba xelSeuvalia. ara-

vis ara aqvs imis ufleba adamians aRukveTos Tavisufleba

an sxvagvarad SeuzRudos piradi Tavisufleba sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebis an kanoniT gansazRvruli SemTxvevebis

gareSe. magram, Tu moxda aRniSnuli wesebis dacviT piris

dakaveba an dapatimreba, mas unda ganemartos dakavebis an

dapatimrebisTanave Tavisuflebis SezRudvis safuZveli da

misi uflebebi, maT Soris ufleba moiTxovos damcvelis

daxmareba, romelic unda dakmayofildes. e.i. SeiZleba iTq-

vas, rogorc ki moxdeba piris dakaveba eWvmitanilis saxiT

(an dadgenilebiT iqneba cnobili eWvmitanilad) an pirs

waredgineba braldeba, mas ufleba aqvs daicvas Tavi arse-

buli eWvisagan an wardgenili braldebisagan yvela kanon-

ieri saSualebiTa da meTodiT, an uSualod TviTon an

mowveuli damcvelis meSveobiT. zemoT mocemuli ganmarte-

60 61

bebidan imis Tqma gvinda, rom konkretuli piris mimarT

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyeba avtomaturad warmo-

Sobs dacvis meqanizms. Tu ar aris konkretuli piris mimarT

eWvi an braldeba, ar arsebobs sakuTari uflebebisa da

kanonieri interesebis dacvis moTxovnac, xolo, Tu gaCnda

safuZveli eWvisaTvis, rom pirma Caidina danaSauli an

waredgina pirs braldeba, dauyovnebliv aRmocendeba dacvis

aucileblobac. dacva Tanmdevia konkretuli piris mimarT

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisa. dacva aris

swored is saproceso funqcia, romlis meSveobiTac eWvmi-

tanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli, msjavrdebuli uflebam-

osilni arian realizacia gaukeTon kanoniT miniWebul

dacvis uflebas.

dacva, rogorc saproceso funqcia, upirveles yovlisa

gulisxmobs TviTon eWvmitanilis, braldebulis (gansasje-

lis) aqtiur moqmedebas sakuTari uflebebisa da kanonieri

interesebis dasacavad. am aqtiurobaSi unda vigulisxmoT

kanonmdeblis mier miniWebuli saproceso uflebebis efeq-

turad gamoyeneba. ase magaliTad, dumilis uflebis Senar-

Cuneba, riTac faqtobrivad piri uaryofs kanonsawinaaRmdego

qmedebaSi monawileobas; an gnebavT Cvenebis micema, riTac

piri uaryofs Semxeblobas momxdar faqtTan mimarTebaSi an

mohyavs garemoebebi, romliTac cdilobs gaabaTilos mis

mimarT arsebuli eWvi an wardgenili braldeba; mtkiceb-

ulebebis warmodgena eWvis, braldebis gasaqarwyleblad,

gnebavT samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad;

Suamdgomlobis gancxadeba ama Tu im sagamoZiebo moqmede-

bis Casatareblad da a.S. es yvelaferi xom eWvmitanilis,

braldebulis (gansasjelis) uflebebis, kanonieri inter-

esebis dacvas emsaxureba.

maRali samarTlebrivi doniT gamoirCeva eWvmitanilis,

braldebulis (gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis) uflebebis,

kanonieri interesebis dasacavad damcvelis monawileoba

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. damcveli sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi SeiZleba Caebas SeTanxmebiT, daniSvniT an savalde-

bulo wesiT.1 sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba

damcvels aRWuravs farTo uflebamosilebiT. igi uflebam-

osilia Sekribos dacvisaTvis saWiro monacemebi da isini

mtkicebulebaTa saxiT warudginos procesis mwarmoebel

organos; monawileoba miiRos eWvmitanilisa Tu braldebulis

monawileobiT an dacvis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul saga-

moZiebo moqmedebaSi, dausvas SekiTxvebi dasakiTxs, moiTxovos

oqmSi im monacemebis Setana, romlebic uaryofs braldebas

an amsubuqebs eWvmitanilisa Tu braldebulis (gansasjelis)

pasuxismgeblobas da sxva. e.i. yvela kanonieri saSualeba da

xerxi unda gamoiyenos im garemoebebis gamosavlenad, romlebic

amarTleben eWvmitanils an braldebuls (gansasjels,

msjavrdebuls), anda amsubuqeben mis pasuxismgeblobas, da

unda gauwios mas saWiro iuridiuli daxmareba.

amgvarad, dacva gulisxmobs TviTon eWvmitanilis an

braldebulis (gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis) da misi dam-

cvelis erTobliv saqmianobas.

maSasadame, dacva sisxlis samarTlis procesSi _ esaa dacva sisxlis samarTlis procesSi _ esaa

im saproceso moqmedebaTa erToblioba, romelic mimarTulia im saproceso moqmedebaTa erToblioba, romelic mimarTulia

imisaken, rom kanonieri saSualebisa da xerxis gamoyenebiT imisaken, rom kanonieri saSualebisa da xerxis gamoyenebiT

gamovlenil iqnes eWvmitanilis an braldebulis (gansasje-gamovlenil iqnes eWvmitanilis an braldebulis (gansasje-

lis, msjavrdebulis), rogorc gamamarTlebeli, ise pasux-lis, msjavrdebulis), rogorc gamamarTlebeli, ise pasux-

ismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoebani.ismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoebani.

4) sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxil-4) sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxil-

1 saqarTvelos sssk-is 81-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebulia dacvis erT-erT

saxed ìZulebiTi dacva~, ufro swori da Sinaarsobrivad gamarTuli iqneba

mas ewodos `savaldebulo dacva~.

62 63

visa da gadawyvetis funqcia.visa da gadawyvetis funqcia. saqarTveloSi mimdinare

demokratiuli procesebis monapovaria is, rom dRes, sisx-

lis samarTlis procesi SejibrebiTia. gamijnulia urTier-

Tisagan braldebis, dacvisa da sasamarTloSi sisxlis sa-braldebis, dacvisa da sasamarTloSi sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis funqciamarTlis saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis funqcia. bral-

debisa da dacvis funqciaTa bunebis yvelaze ufro sru-

lyofili gamovlena gvxvdeba sasamarTloSi sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmeTa ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis dros. sadac

braldebisa da dacvis mxareebs sruli Tanasworobis sa-

fuZvelze ufleba aqvT warmoadginon mtkicebulebani,

monawileoba miiRon maT gamokvlevaSi, ganacxadon Suamdgom-

loba da acileba, gamoTqvan sakuTari azri sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmis nebismier sakiTxze.

SejibrebiTobis principze agebuli mxareTa paeqroba

sajaroa, uSualo, zepiri, braldebis mxare Sekrebili mt-

kicebulebebiT sajarod cdilobs gansasjelis braleulo-

bis damtkicebas, xolo dacvis mxare (gansasjeli), aseve

sajarod cdilobs daicvas Tavi braldebisagan.

mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) mxareebs Tanaswor pirobebs

uqmnis mtkicebulebaTa warmosadgenad, qmnis safuZvels

saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da srulyo-

fili gamokvlevisaTvis. erTnairi gulmodginebiT arkvevs

gansasjelis rogorc mamxilebel, ise gamamarTlebel,

agreTve pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel da Semamsubuqebel

garemoebebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mosamarTle (sasamarTlo)

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze

Sekrebil mtkicebulebebs ki ar emyareba, aramed uSualod

axdens pirvelwyarodan mtkicebulebaTa miRebas, gamokvl-

evas da Sefasebas. mtkicebulebaTa aseTi safuZvliani Ses-

wavliTa da SefasebiT mosamarTlem (sasamarTlom) unda

SeinarCunos obieqturoba, miukerZoebloba, damoukideblo-

ba da gamoitanos kanonieri, dasabuTebuli da samarTliani

ganaCeni.

amdenad, gamoZiebis, braldebis, dacvisa da sasamarT-gamoZiebis, braldebis, dacvisa da sasamarT-

loSi saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis funqciaTa Sexamebam loSi saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis funqciaTa Sexamebam

unda uzrunvelyos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmarite-

bis dadgena, danaSaulis Camdeni piris msjavrdeba, ar-

abraleuli piris dacva dausabuTebeli braldebisagan.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis

saproceso funqcia ekuTvnis mxolod sasamarTlos. igi aris

uflebamosili arsebiTad ganixilos da gadawyvitos saqme

da gamoitanos gamamtyunebeli an gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni.

raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeebs ganixilavs pirveli instanciis wesiT. q. Tbili-

sisa da q. quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTloebis sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeTa palatebi ki ganixilaven saapelacio

saCivars, Setanils raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gan-

aCensa da sxva Semajamebel sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaze.

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeTa palata ganixilavs sakasacio saCivars, Setanils

saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gamotanil ganaCenze, ganCine-

basa da sxva Semajamebel sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaze.

agreTve ganixilavs saCivrebsa da wardginebebs sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeebze saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis

mier gamotanili da kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis,

ganCinebisa da sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileb-

is gadasinjvis Sesaxeb axlad aRmoCenil da axlad gamov-

lenil garemoebaTa gamo.

sasamarTlo instanciebSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

ganxilva da gadawyveta warmoebs erTpirovnulad an kole-

giurad. marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis dros mosamarTle

damoukidebelia, igi xelmZRvanelobs mxolod kanoniT da

64 65

Sinagani rwmeniT. aravis ara aqvs ufleba zegavlena moax-

dinos mosamarTleze da miuTiTos, rogor gadawyvitos

gansaxilveli saqme.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom: sasamarTloSi sasamarTloSi

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta, rogorc

saproceso funqcia gulisxmobs braldebisa da dacvis mxaris saproceso funqcia gulisxmobs braldebisa da dacvis mxaris

mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa uSualo gamokvlevasa da mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa uSualo gamokvlevasa da

Sefasebas, da amis safuZvelze gansasjelis braleulobisa Sefasebas, da amis safuZvelze gansasjelis braleulobisa

da pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebas.da pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebas.

$6. sisxlis samarTlis procesis $6. sisxlis samarTlis procesis

stadiebistadiebi

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba metad rTulia da

garkveul kanonzomierebas eqvemdebareba. igi moqceulia

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis CarCoebSi da mis

farglebSi moZraobs. saqarTvelos moqmed sisxlis samar-

Tlis saproceso kodeqss Tu davefuZnebiT, sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmis moZraoba, winsvla, pirobiTad ramdenime

safexurad anu stadiad SeiZleba davyoT. es safexurebia,

stadiebia: winaswari gamoZieba; pirveli instanciis sasa-

marTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva; saapelacio

sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva; sakasa-

cio instanciis sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

ganxilva; ganaCenisa da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis

gadasinjva axlad aRmoCenil da axlad gamovlenil gare-

moebaTa gamo; sasamarTlos ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da dadge-

nilebis aRsasruleblad miqceva. TiToeuli safexurisaTvis,

stadiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia procesis monawileTa

garkveuli wre, Sesabamisi saproceso uflebebiTa da mova-

leobebiT; gansazRvruli saproceso moqmedebebi; gadasaw-

yveti amocanebi; safexuris, stadiis dasruleba Semajamebeli

saproceso dokumentiT.

TiToeuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobas aRniS-

nuli safexurebis, stadiebis mixedviT, gamarTleba moeZeb-

neba. ramdenadac saboloo jamSi emsaxureba imas, rom dacul

iqnes TiToeuli moqalaqis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi da

ar moxdes arabraleuli piris msjavrdeba. stadiaTa aseTi

arseboba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, qmnis Tavisebur

garantias imisa, rom ar dairRves procesis monawileTa

kanoniT miniWebuli uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi, kanonieri

interesebi da Tuki aseTi ram moxda romelime stadiaze,

igi aucileblad gamovlindeba mis momdevno, Semdeg stadi-

aze da daeqvemdebareba gamosworebas. ase, rom aRniSnuli

stadiebi, erTmaneTs mxolod maSin Caenacvlebian, rodesac

gadaWrian konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze maT winaSe

mdgar amocanebs, xolo momdevno stadia mis winaSe mdgari

amocanebiT Tavis mxriv makontrolebeli etapicaa winamde-

bare stadiisa da safuZvelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

warmoebam gadainacvlos momdevno stadiaze. stadiaTa aseTi

Tanmimdevroba da maTi urTierTkavSiri gvaZlevs sisxlis

samarTlis procesis sistemas.

davaxasiaToT mokled (vrclad saubari iqneba wignis

Sesabamis TavebSi) TiToeuli safexuri, stadia.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis pirveli stadiaa _ wi-sisxlis samarTlis procesis pirveli stadiaa _ wi-

naswari gamoZieba.naswari gamoZieba. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, rogorc ki

miiReben informacias danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb TavianTi

kompetenciis farglebSi valdebulni arian daiwyon winas-

wari gamoZieba. gamomZiebeli dauyovnebliv acnobebs proku-

rors winaswari gamoZiebis dawyebis Taobaze. winaswari

gamoZiebis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom momxdar faqtTan

66 67

dakavSirebiT yvela faqtobrivi garemoebani iqnes obieq-

turad, yovelmxriv da srulyofilad gamoZiebuli, Seswav-

lili. Catarebuli iqnes yvela aucilebeli sagamoZiebo

moqmedeba, raTa saqmeSi moipovon sruli moculobiT saWiro

mtkicebulebebi. gamovlenil iqnes braldebulis, rogorc

mamxilebeli, ise gamamarTlebeli garemoebani. mas Semdeg

rac gamomZiebeli miiCnevs, rom momxdar faqtTan dakavSire-

biT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze daadgina yvela garemoeba

(gaTvaliswinebuli sssk-is 112-e muxliT), sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmes sabraldebo daskvnis Sesadgenad dauyovnebliv

ugzavnis prokurors. sabraldebo daskvna aris winaswari

gamoZiebis erT-erTi saxis Semajamebeli saproceso doku-

menti da safuZveli imisa, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqme

arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis gadaegzavnos sasamarTlos gansja-

dobis mixedviT.

Semdegi stadia aris _ pirveli instanciis sasamarT-Semdegi stadia aris _ pirveli instanciis sasamarT-

loSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva.loSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva. pirveli in-

stanciis wesiT saqmes ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo)

sasamarTlo. am stadiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta xdeba

arsebiTad, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom sasamarTlo (mosa-

marTle) mxareebs uqmnis Tanabar SesaZleblobebs daubrkole-

bliv warmoadginon da gamoikvlion mtkicebulebebi. ganax-

orcielon sakuTari funqciebi, daicvan sakuTari pozicie-

bi. e.i. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarT-

loSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva mimdinareobs

SejibrebiTobis pirobebSi, braldebis, dacvisa da saqmis

gadawyvetis funqciebis gamijvnis safuZvelze. mocemuli

stadiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom braldebis da dacvis

mxareebi Tavad uzrunvelyofen sasamarTlo sxdomaze mt-

kicebulebaTa warmodgenas da iReben aqtiur monawileobas

TiToeulis mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa gamokvl-

evaSi. xolo sasamarTlo mtkicebulebaTa uSualo gamokv-

levisa da mxareTa paeqrobis safuZvelze iqmnis Sinagan

rwmenas da kanonis uzenaesobisa da Sinagani rwmenis safuZ-

velze gadawyvets saqmes. gamoitans kanonier, dasabuTebul

da samarTlian ganaCens, romelic SeiZleba iyos gamamtyune-

beli an gamamarTlebeli. e.i. es stadia mTavrdeba iseTi

saproceso dokumentis SedgeniT, rogoricaa ganaCeni.

rac Seexeba, saapelacio sasamarTloSi sisxlis samar-saapelacio sasamarTloSi sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmis ganxilvis stadiasTlis saqmis ganxilvis stadias, igi gulisxmobs saapelacio

wesiT gasaCivrebuli raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos

ganaCenisa Tu sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis dasabuTe-

bulobis an/da kanonierebis Semowmebas. saapelacio in-

stanciis sasamarTlo valdebulia ganixilos sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqme da Caataros axali sasamarTlo gamoZieba.

saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa pal-

ata saapelacio wesiT ganixilavs ra sisxlis samarTlis

saqmes xelaxla gamoaqvs ganaCeni. axali ganaCeniT igi ufle-

bamosilia gaauqmos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gamam-

tyunebeli ganaCeni da mis nacvlad daadginos gamamarTle-

beli ganaCeni, aseve ufleba aqvs, gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis

nacvlad daadginos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni, e.i. daamZimos

msjavrdebulis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba. SeuZlia ucv-

lelad datovos raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gan-

aCeni an cvlilebebi Seitanos masSi. e.i. sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis saapelacio wesiT ganxilva sruldeba ganaCenis

dadgeniT.

sakasacio wesiT sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs sakasacio wesiT sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeTa palata.saqmeTa palata. sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrdeba saapelacio

sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis mier

68 69

gamotanili ganaCeni, ganCineba da sxva sasamarTlo gadaw-

yvetileba, romelic kasatoris azriT ukanonoa. magram aqve,

unda gvaxsovdes, rom saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palataSi sakasacio saCivari

daiSveba da sisxlis samarTlis saqme daeqvemdebareba ganx-

ilvas, Tu: a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebi-

sa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaT-

vis; b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gansx-

vavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze saqarTvelos uzenaesi

sasamarTlos manamde arsebuli praqtikisagan; g) saapelacio

sasamarTlos mier saqme ganxilulia mniSvnelovani samarT-

lebrivi an saproceso darRveviT, romelsac SeeZlo arse-

biTad emoqmeda saqmis ganxilvis Sedegze. CamoTvlil pi-

robaTagan romelimes Tu ar akmayofilebs saCivari, igi

daSvebuli ar iqneba da saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata sakasacio saCivars ar

ganixilavs. magram, Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlom

dauSva sakasacio saCivari da moxda sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis ganxilva ar unda damZimdes msjavrdebulis sapro-

ceso mdgomareoba. msjavrdebulis mdgomareobis gauarese-

bis motiviT sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo uflebam-

osilia gaauqmos sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da sisxlis

samarTlis saqme daabrunos xelaxali sasamarTlo ganxil-

visaTvis mxolod maSin, rodesac prokurorma, dazarale-

bulma, braldebis mxaris sxva warmomadgenelma _ sakasacio

saCivari Seitana swored msjavrdebulis samarTlebrivi

mdgomareobis gauaresebis motiviT, aseTive pozicia ekavaT

maT pirveli da saapelacio instanciebis sasamarTloebSi;

TavianT saCivars mxari dauWires uzenaesi sasamarTlos

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis sasamarTlo sxdo-

mazec.

sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis ganxilvas asrulebs ganCinebis saproceso dokumentis

SedgeniT. igi ganCinebiT iRebs romelime Semdeg gadawyvetile-

bas: ucvlelad tovebs ganaCens an ganCinebas, xolo saCivars

ki daukmayofileblad; auqmebs ganaCens da wyvets saqmes;

cvlis ganaCens msjavrdebulis sasikeTod; auqmebs ganaCens

da saqmes gzavnis axali sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis erT-erT stadias miekuT-erT-erT stadias miekuT-

vneba _ ganaCenisa da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis vneba _ ganaCenisa da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis

gadasinjva axlad aRmoCenil da axlad gamovlenil gare-gadasinjva axlad aRmoCenil da axlad gamovlenil gare-

moebaTa gamo.moebaTa gamo. aRniSnuli wesiT saqarTvelos saerTo sasa-

marTloebis mier gamotanil da kanonier ZalaSi Sesul

ganaCenebsa da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebze gadasin-

jvas axorcielebs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata, Tu iarsebebs axlad

aRmoCenili faqtobrivi garemoebani da axlad gamovlenili

samarTlebrivi garemoebani. ganCinebis saproceso dokumentis

SedgeniT sruldeba saCivris ganxilva.

saproceso stadia _ sasamarTlos ganaCenis, ganCinebisa saproceso stadia _ sasamarTlos ganaCenis, ganCinebisa

da dadgenilebis aRsasruleblad miqceva,da dadgenilebis aRsasruleblad miqceva, gulisxmobs imas,

rom sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba Sesruldes

(aRsruldes). saerTod unda iTqvas, rom yvela instanciis

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSi Sedis da

aRsasruleblad mieqceva miRebisTanave. gadawyvetilebis

gasaCivreba ar aCerebs mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlasa da

aRsrulebas. ganaCenis, ganCinebis an dadgenilebis aRsas-

ruleblad miqceva evaleba im sasamarTlos (mosamarTles),

romelmac gamoitana gadawyvetileba. sasamarTlo (mosa-

marTle) ganaCenis, ganCinebis, dadgenilebis aRmsrulebel

organos sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aslebTan erTad,

ugzavnis gankargulebas sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aR-

70 71

srulebis Sesaxeb.

Tu msjavrdebuls sasjelad daeniSna Tavisuflebis

aRkveTa, igi aRsasruleblad unda mieqces sasjel-aR-

srulebiT organoSi, xolo sasamarTlom Tu gamoitana

gansasjelis misamarTiT gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni an iseTi

ganaCeni, romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli Tavisuflebis

aRkveTasTan, igi unda aRsruldes ganaCenis gamocxadebisTa-

nave sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis stadiebis misamarTiT ze-

moT xsenebuli midgoma ar aris erTaderTi. anglosaqsonuri

samarTlis sistemis umravles qveynebSi sisxlis samarTlis

procesis Semdeg stadiebs gamoyofen: winasasamarTlo war-

moeba; sasamarTloSi saqmis winaswari ganxilva; sasamarTlo

ganxilva; saapelacio warmoeba da ganaCenis aRsruleba.

zogierT saxelmZRvaneloSi, romelic gankuTvnilia

amerikis iuridiuli saswavleblebisaTvis gadmocemulia

sisxlis samarTlis procesis 17 dasaxelebis stadia: 1)

danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba da misi

registracia; 2) gamoZieba dapatimrebamde; 3) dapatimreba;

4) dapatimrebis gaformeba; 5) dapatimrebis Semdeg monace-

mebis Sekreba; 6) braldebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRe-

ba; 7) saqmis sasamarTloSi wardgena; 8) sasamarTloSi

braldebulis pirveli gamocxadeba; 9) sasamarTloSi saqmis

winaswari mosmena; 10) nafic msajulTa didi Jiuris mier

saqmis Semowmeba; 11) sasamarTloSi sabraldebo aqtis an

danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb informaciis registracia; 12)

braldebulis azris gamovlena (gageba) sabraldebo aqtis

an danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb informaciis Taobaze; 13)

Suamdgomlobebis wardgena sasamarTlo ganxilvis dawyebamde;

14) saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva wardgenili braldebis farg-

lebSi; 15) sasjelis zomis gansazRvra; 16) gasaCivreba

(apelacia); 17) sasamarTlos mier sakiTxTa ganxilva ganaCenis

kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg. CamoTvlili stadiebis

gavla ar aris savaldebulo yvela kategoriis danaSau-

lisaTvis. ase magaliTad, naklebad mZime kategoriis dana-

Sauli ganixileba Sekvecili wesiT, ar aris savaldebulo

zemoT xsenebuli yvela stadiis gavla. garda amisa, gansa-

kuTrebiT mZime kategoriis danaSaulebze saqmis warmoebis

dros zogierTi stadia fakultaturi xasiaTis matarebelia

(maT sisxlis samarTlis saqme maSin gaivlis Tu Suamdgom-

loba iqna gancxadebuli romelime mxaris mier).

stadiebis gadmocemiT movaxdineT ra, sisxlis samarTlis

procesis erTiani sistemis warmoCena, mizanSewonilad mig-

vaCnia, aqve SevexoT saxelmZRvaneloebSi gadmocemul sisx-

lis samarTlis procesis kursis sistemis or, zogad da

kerZo nawilad dayofasac.

zogad nawilszogad nawils miakuTvneben im sakiTxebs, romelic saer-

Toa sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela stadiisaTvis. am

sakiTxTa rigs miakuTvneben: sisxlis samarTlis procesis

arsi, amocanebi; sisxlis samarTlis procesis kanonmde-

bloba; sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi; sisxlis

samarTlis procesis monawileni; mtkicebulebani da mt-

kiceba; sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi iZuleba; zogadi

nawilis sxva debulebani.

kerZo nawilskerZo nawils ki miakuTvneben Semdeg sakiTxebs: winaswari

gamoZiebis warmoebis zogadi debulebani; sagamoZiebo moq-

medebaTa Catarebis saproceso wesi; winaswari gamoZiebis

damTavreba da Sewyveta, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Se-

Cereba da Sewyveta; sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva

pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi; saqmis ganxilva saapel-

acio wesiT; saqmis ganxilva sakasacio wesiT; ganaCenisa da

sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gadasinjva axlad aRmo-

72 73

Cenil da axlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo; ganaCenis

aRsruleba; calkeuli kategoriis sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeTa warmoebis Taviseburebani.

sakiTxTa aseTi TanmimdevrobiT gadmocema da aTviseba,

aadvilebs siRrmiseul wvdomas sisxlis samarTlis proce-

sis calkeul institutebSi.

Tavi IITavi II

sisxlis saproceso samarTali da misi wyaroebi

$1. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis cneba$1. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis cneba

sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsis Sesaxeb naSromis

wina TavSi iyo saubari. amJamad yuradReba gvinda gavamax-

viloT sisxlis saproceso samarTlis bunebaze. es ori

cneba erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli, urTierTs

ganapirobeben. aseTi mWidro kavSiris gamo, xSirad maT

aigiveben, identur cnebebadac ki miiCneven, magram unda

iTqvas, rom miuxedavad maT Soris didi kavSirisa, mainc

arsebobs gansxvaveba. es gansxvaveba naTeli, rom gaxdes

kidev erTxel gavixsenoT, ra aris sisxlis samarTlis

procesi. SeniSnuli iyo, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesi,

upirveles yovlisa, TviTon sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

moZraobaa, am moZraobaSi igulisxmeba gamomZieblis, proku-

roris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlosa da sisxlis samarTal-

warmoebis sxva monawileTa sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kanoniT gansazRvruli saqmianoba.

rac Seexeba sisxlis saproceso samarTals _ igi aris sisxlis saproceso samarTals _ igi aris

samarTlis damoukidebeli dargi, saproceso normebis er-samarTlis damoukidebeli dargi, saproceso normebis er-

Toblioba, romelic adgens da gansazRvravs sisxlis sa-Toblioba, romelic adgens da gansazRvravs sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis monawileTa uflebebsa da movaleobebs, marTlis procesis monawileTa uflebebsa da movaleobebs,

da amave dros awesrigebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZ-da amave dros awesrigebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZ-

raobis Sedegad aRmocenebul urTierTobebs _ uSualod raobis Sedegad aRmocenebul urTierTobebs _ uSualod

procesis mwarmoebel pirebs Soris da procesis mwar-procesis mwarmoebel pirebs Soris da procesis mwar-

moebel pirebsa da procesis sxva monawileebs Soris, aseve moebel pirebsa da procesis sxva monawileebs Soris, aseve

TviT procesis sxva monawileebs Soris. e. i. sisxlis sap-TviT procesis sxva monawileebs Soris. e. i. sisxlis sap-

roceso samarTali procesis monawileTa saqmianobas (sisx-roceso samarTali procesis monawileTa saqmianobas (sisx-

lis samarTlis saqmis moZraobas) saproceso kanonis Car-lis samarTlis saqmis moZraobas) saproceso kanonis Car-

CoebSi aqcevs.CoebSi aqcevs.

zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cessa da sisxlis saproceso samarTals Soris gansxvaveba

SeiZleba mokled amdagvarad gamovxatoT: sisxlis samarT-

lis procesi aris procesis mwarmoebel pirTa da procesis

sxva monawileTa sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT

gansazRvruli saqmianoba, xolo sisxlis saproceso samar-

Tali aris saproceso normebis erToblioba, romelic

awesrigebs procesis mwarmoebel pirTa da procesis sxva

monawileTa saqmianobas, da am saqmianobis procesSi aRmo-

cenebul urTierTobebs.

maSasadame, unda iTqvas, rom sisxlis saproceso samar-

Tali proceduruli samarTalia. Tavisi saproceso norme-

biT adgens da gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa

gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis wess. iZl-

eva calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis proce-

durul wess (ra wesebis dacviT moxdes SemTxvevis adgilis

daTvaliereba, dakiTxva, eqspertizis daniSvna, mtkicebule-

baTa wyaroebis aRmoCena da maTgan informaciis miReba da

sxva).

saproceso normebiTsaproceso normebiT _ procesis mwarmoebeli orga-

noebi, Tanamdebobis pirebi, procesis sxva monawileni aR-

74 75

Wurvili arian garkveuli uflebebiTa da movaleobebiT,

rac qmnis imis pirobebs, rom danaSauli iqnes gamoZiebuli

da gaxsnili. danaSaulis gamoZieba, gaxsna operatiulad

rom moxdes, saproceso normebi gansazRvraven procesis

mwarmoebel pirTa mxridan Casatarebeli moqmedebebis Tan-

mimdevrobasac (magaliTad, ra SemTxvevaSi iqnes piri eWvmi-

tanilad cnobili; ra SemTxvevaSi moxdeba piris dakaveba

eWvmitanilis saxiT; rodis waredginos pirs braldeba;

rodis gadaeces prokurors sisxlis samarTlis saqme sa-

braldebo daskvnis Sesadgenad da a.S. an/da sasamarTlo

gamoZiebis dros mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisa da gamokvlevis

Tanmimdevroba).

sisxlis saproceso samarTali marTalia farTo ufle-

bamosilebiT aRWuravs procesis mwarmoebel pirebs, aZlevs

SesaZleblobas Tuki safuZveli iqneba gamoiyenon saproceso

samarTlebrivi iZulebiTi RonisZiebebi, magram maT parale-

lurad SemoRebuli aqvs braldebulis, dazaralebulis,

procesis sxva monawileTa uflebebis garantiaTa sistemac.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis SejibrebiTi forma,

romelic gansazRvravs saproceso funqciebs da am funqcie-

bis matarebel subieqtebs, aRiarebs braldebulis uflebas

dacvaze, SejibrebiTobas da arabraleulobis prezumfcias,

sazogadoebisaTvis misaRebia. e.i. socialuri kuTxiTsocialuri kuTxiT mo-

wonebas imsaxurebs.

sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc samarTlis

dargi erT mTlian sistemas warmoadgens. mis sistemur

mTlianobas amyarebs is, rom misi yvela instituti Sinaar-

sobrivad erTmaneTTanaa dakavSirebuli da urTierTs gana-

pirobeben. am mTlianobaSi Tu gamoCnda xarvezixarvezi, saqarTvelos

sssk-is meSvide muxlis meoTxe nawili uSvebs sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kanonis analogiiT gamoyenebis Sesa-

Zleblobas xarvezis gamosasworeblad, Tu amiT ar ilax-

eba adamianis uflebebi.

anglosaqsonuri samarTlis sistemaSi Semavali qveyneb-

is kanonmdebloba saproceso saqmianobas detalurad ar

awesrigebs. mosamarTleebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmes gad-

awyveten saerTo konstituciur principebze da sasamarTlo

precedentze dayrdnobiT. kontinenturi samarTlis siste-

maSi Semavali qveynebis kanonmdeblobiT gamomZiebelTa da

mosamarTleTa saqmianoba detaluradaa kanoniT mowesrige-

buli.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis TiToeuli normis Si-

naarsi zustad miuTiTebs samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis

obieqtze, subieqtze an subieqtebze, visac igi exeba, normis

gamoyenebis pirobebze, im uflebebze da movaleobebze, rom-

lebic aRmoucendebaT samarTlebrivi urTierTobis

monawileebs.

saproceso norma aris ra samarTlis normis saxe, yvela

is niSani gaaCnia, rac damaxasiaTebelia saerTod samarTlis

normisaTvis. magram, saproceso normas Taviseburebanic

gaaCnia, rac imaSi vlindeba, rom igi awesrigebs sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis gamoZieba-ganxilvis dros gamomZieblis,

prokuroris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlos saqmianobas da im

urTierTobebs, romelic aRmocendeba saproceso saqmianobis

dros zemoT aRniSnul pirebsa da procesis mwarmoebel

pirebsa da procesis sxva monawileebs Soris.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normaSi, iseve, rogorc

saerTod samarTlis normaSi, bolo periodamde gamoyofdnen

Semdeg sam nawils: hipoTeza, dispozicia, sanqcia.hipoTeza, dispozicia, sanqcia.

hipoTezahipoTeza miuTiTebs, Tu ra pirobebis, ra garemoebaTa

dadgomisas unda iqnes gamoyenebuli esa Tu is norma. ase

magaliTad, saqarTvelos sssk-is 473-e muxlis pirveli

76 77

nawili SeniSnavs `Tu gansasjelma sasamarTlos (mosamar-

Tlis) winaSe Tavi damnaSaved cno da es aRiareba nebay-

oflobiTia, ar iwvevs mxareTa davasa da sasamarTlos eWvs,

sasamarTlo gamoZieba sasamarTlo ganCinebiT (dadgenilebiT)

SeiZleba ar Catardes an Seikvecos~. am SemTxvevaSi hipoTezas hipoTezas

Seadgens normis is nawiliSeadgens normis is nawili, romelSic saubaria: ̀ gansasjel-

ma sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) winaSe Tavi damnaSaved cno

da es aRiareba nebayoflobiTia, ar iwvevs mxareTa davasa

da sasamarTlos eWvs~, ai, am aRniSnuli pirobebis SemTx-

vevaSi SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli dasaxelebuli norma,

romelic exeba sasamarTlo gamoZiebis arCatarebas an Sekve-

cas.

dispoziciadispozicia aris normis is nawili, romelSic aRwer-

ilia misi Sinaarsis ganmsazRvreli qcevis wesi, e.i. miTiTe-

bulia imaze, Tu ra uflebebi da movaleobebi gauCndebaT am

normiT mowesrigebuli urTierTobis monawileebs hipoTeza-

Si aRniSnuli pirobebisa da garemoebebis dadgomis SemTx-

vevaSi. moviyvanoT magaliTisaTvis saqarTvelos sssk-is 70-e

muxlis pirveli nawilis Sinaarsi `dazaralebuli an misi

uflebamonacvle valdebulia gamocxaddes gamomZieblis,

prokuroris, sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT, gulaxdilad acnobos

yvelaferi, rac saqmesTan dakavSirebiT icis, da upasuxos

dasmul SekiTxvebs, ar gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakavSirebiT

misTvis cnobili garemoebebi~. aRniSnul magaliTSi dispozi-

cias warmoadgens dazaralebulis an misi uflebamonacvlis

valdebuleba _ gamocxaddes da gulaxdilad acnobos yve-

laferi, rac icis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT da upasuxos das-

mul SekiTxvebs; amasTanave ar gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakav-

SirebiT misTvis cnobili garemoebebi (normis Sinaarsinormis Sinaarsi).

rac Seexeba sanqciassanqcias, igi aris normis is nawili, romel-

Sic miTiTebulia, Tu ra Sedegi moyveba normis Seusrule-

blobas, dispoziciaSi aRniSnuli moTxovnis darRvevas, e.i.

sanqciaSi gamoxatulia is iZulebiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebani,

romliTac uzrunvelyofilia saproceso normis moTxovnaTa

Sesruleba. magaliTisaTvis davefuZnoT isev saqarTvelos

sssk-is 70-e muxlis meore da mesame nawilebs: `dazarale-

bulis arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi

igi SeiZleba iZulebiT moiyvanon~; `dazaralebuls cru Cve-

nebis micemisaTvis ekisreba pasuxismgebloba saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e muxlis Sesabamisad~.

(gamoxatulia iZulebiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebaiZulebiTi xasiaTis RonisZieba).

sisxlis saproceso samarTalSi saubroben ra sanqciis

iZulebiT xasiaTze. calke gamoyofen mis ufleba-aRdgeniT

mniSvnelobasac. mxedvelobaSia is garemoeba, rodesac dair-

Rva an SeizRuda procesis romelime monawilis uflebebi

da kanonis darRvevis es faqti gamosworebuli iqneba. ase

magaliTad, piris dakavebis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv ecnobeba

ra prokurors, igi uflebamosilia gaecnos sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmis masalebs, dakiTxos dakavebuli, mousminos

gamomZiebels da Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna an/

da gamoZieba da gaaTavisuflos dakavebuli, Tuki gamovlin-

deba dakavebis arakanoniereba da dausabuTebloba. aseve,

gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis gamotana, rac tolfasovania

braldebis uaryofisa da sxva.

yuradReba misaqcevia sanqciis iseTi Tvisebac, rogori-

caa aRmkveTi xasiaTis matarebloba. mxedvelobaSia is ga-

remoeba, rodesac pirs aRekveTeba garkveuli qceva, raTa

uzrunvelyofil iqnes saproceso moqmedebis Catareba.

magaliTad, mosamarTlis gankargulebiT wesrigis darRve-

visaTvis gansasjeli gaZevebul iqna sasamarTlo sxdomis

darbazidan, moiyvanes ra igi sasamarTlo sxdomis darba-

zSi ganaCenis, ganCinebis an dadgenilebis gamocxadebis dros,

78 79

man kvlav ganagrZo wesrigis darRveva. aseT SemTxvevaSi

gansasjeli isev iqneba gaZevebuli da saproceso gadaw-

yvetileba gamocxaddeba mis gareSe. xolo sasamarTlo

ganaCenis, ganCinebis Tu dadgenilebis asli, amis Semdeg mas

Cabardeba xelweriliT.

iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia sxvadasxva Sexed-

uleba samarTlis normis struqturisa da misi elementeb-

is Sesaxeb. amJamad gavrcelebulia mosazreba, rom samarTlis

norma Sedgeba ori nawilisaganori nawilisagan: 1) deskrifciuli nawilideskrifciuli nawili

anu is faqtobrivi urTierToba, romelic nebadarTulia,

akrZalulia an moTxovnilia da 2) normatiuli nawilinormatiuli nawili,

romelic ambobs, es faqtobrivi urTierToba akrZalulia,

nebadarTulia Tu moTxovnilia. calke gamoyofen samarTlis

normis struqturis or ZiriTad elementsor ZiriTad elements: 1) faqtobrivi faqtobrivi

Semadgenloba,Semadgenloba, romelic gansazRvravs iuridiuli Sedegis

winapirobebs da 2) iuridiuli Sedegi,iuridiuli Sedegi, romelic dgeba maSin,

rodesac saxezea normis faqtobrivi Semadgenloba.1

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso literaturaSi saubro-

ben imis Sesaxebac, rom saproceso normebi TavianTi moq-

medebis mixedviTac araerTgvarovania. ase magaliTad, zogi-

erTi normis Sinaarsi gavrcelebas hpovebs sisxlis samar-

Tlis procesis yvela stadiaze. maT ricxvs unda mivakuT-

vnoT sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi. zogi norma

ki moqmedebs winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze an mxolod

sasamarTloSi. zogic ki vrceldeba calkeul sagamoZiebo

moqmedebebze.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebi maTSi gamoxat-

uli moTxovnebis savaldebulo Zalis xasiaTis mixedviT

iyofian: imperatiul da dispoziciur normebad.imperatiul da dispoziciur normebad. sisxlis

1 g. xubua, samarTlis Teoria, Tb., 2004 w., gv. 52-57.

samarTlis saproceso normebis umravlesoba, swored rom

imperatiuli xasiaTisaa, ramdenadac awesebs procesis

monawileebisaTvis valdebulebas an savaldebulo qcevis

wess. xolo rodesac procesis monawileebs, magaliTad,

braldebuls, dazaralebuls saproceso norma aZlevs

SesaZleblobas isargeblos ama Tu im uflebiT (ganacxados

Suamdgomloba, Seitanos saCivari da a.S.), saproceso nor-

ma dispoziciuri xasiaTisaa.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normis struqturis

codna safuZvels qmnis Tavidan iqnes acilebuli Secdome-

bi normis Sefardebis procesSi.

$2. sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi $2. sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi

urTierTobaniurTierTobani

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis, rogorc samarTlis

dargis Seswavla ar SeiZleba dayvanil iqnes sisxlis sa-

marTlis saproceso normebis gazepirebamde. swavlebis

aseTi forma miiRebda formalur da dogmatur xasiaTs.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis normebis SeswavlasTan

erTad, Seswavlili unda iyos maTi moqmedebac, e.i. sapro-

ceso normebis realizacia saproceso samarTlebriv urT-

ierTobebSi.

magram, ra aris TviT sisxlis saproceso samarTlebri-

vi urTierTobis aRmocenebis safuZveli? sisxlis sapro-

ceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis aseT safuZvlad gvev-

lineba iuridiuli faqti,iuridiuli faqti, romelic rig SemTxvevebSi faq-

tobriv SemadgenlobasTanaa dakavSirebuli. ase magaliTad,

Tu winaswari gamoZiebis dasawyebad momxdari faqti _ da-

naSaulis niSnebis matarebeli, sakmarisi safuZvelia sap-

roceso samarTlebrivi urTierToba aRmocendes gamoZiebis

80 81

mwarmoebel pirsa (gamomZiebeli, prokurori) da mowmes

Soris; momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT, faqtobrivi garemoe-

bebis dasadgenad, romelic specialur codnas saWiroebs,

rom aRmocendes sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urT-

ierToba eqspertsa da gamomZiebels (prokurors) Soris

faqtobriv garemoebebTan (iuridiuli faqti) erTad unda

iyos samarTlebrivi safuZvelic _ dadgenileba (iuridiuli

faqti) eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb.

iuridiul faqtad da, maSasadame, sisxlis saproceso

samarTlebrivi urTierTobis warmoSobis safuZvlad Sei-

Zleba mogvevlinos, procesis monawilis moqmedebaprocesis monawilis moqmedeba. ase

magaliTad, damcvelis Suamdgomloba (moqmedeba) gamomZie-

blis winaSe, esa Tu is sagamoZiebo moqmedeba Catardes misi

monawileobiT, warmoSobs sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv

urTierTobas gamomZiebelTan, romelic valdebulia ganixi-

los Suamdgomloba da uaris SemTxvevaSi, uari daasabuTos.

aseve, msjavrdebulis saapelacio saCivari (moqmedeba) aval-

debulebs saapelacio sasamarTlos ganixilos igi da a.S.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis war-

moSobis safuZveli SeiZleba iyos, iseTi iuridiuli faqti,

rogoricaa viTarebaviTareba. magaliTad, Tu viTarebis Secvlis

Sedegad qmedeba aRar aris saSiSi.

nebismieri movlena, SemTxvevanebismieri movlena, SemTxveva SeiZleba gaxdes sisxlis

saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis warmoSobis safuZ-

veli. magaliTad, amnistia, warmoSobs saproceso samarT-

lebrivi urTierTobis subieqtisaTvis _ braldebulisaTvis

(gansasjelisaTvis) uflebas moiTxovos sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyveta, Tu mis

mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba moxvda amnis-

tiis aqtSi, xolo prokurori, mosamarTle (sasamarTlo)

valdebulni arian daakmayofilon braldebulis (gansasje-

lis) moTxovna.

SeiZleba iTqvas, gamomZieblis (prokuroris, mosamarT-

lis) nebismier dadgenilebasa da sasamarTlos nebismier

ganCinebas, romelic avaldebulebs procesis monawiles

Seasrulos garkveuli qmedeba (moqmedeba an umoqmedoba),

iuridiuli faqtis mniSvneloba aqvs da maSasadame, warmo-

Sobs sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv urTierTobebs

(magaliTad, winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze mowmis an

dazaralebulis iZulebiT moyvana mosamarTlis brZanebiT,

mosamarTlis brZaneba braldebulis binaSi Cxrekis Catare-

bis Sesaxeb da a.S.).

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierToba

mravalmxrivia, igi SeiZleba aRmocendes, rogorc uSualod

procesis mwarmoebel organoebsa da Tanamdebobis pirebs

Soris, ise procesis mwarmoebel pirebsa da procesis sxva

monawileebs Soris, romlebic Cabmulni arian sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesSi, aseve TviT procesis sxva monawileebs

Soris.

iseve, rogorc nebismieri samarTlebrivi urTierToba,

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobac Sedgeba:

subieqtebisagan, obieqtisagan, uflebisagan da movaleo-

bisagan.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis sub-sub-

ieqtebadieqtebad gvevlinebian erTis mxriv, saxelmwifo organoebi

da misi warmomadgenlebi, procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi

(gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle) da meores mxriv,

moqalaqe (romelic SeiZleba iyos: eWvmitanili, braldeb-

uli, msjavrdebuli, dazaralebuli, mowme, eqsperti, spe-

cialisti, Tarjimani da a.S.), procesis monawile.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis obieq-

tia yovelive is, risTvisac da ris gamoc warmoiSoba mo-

82 83

cemuli urTierToba, magaliTad, mowmis dakiTxvisas sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeze arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis

dasadgenad miRebuli Cveneba, dazaralebulis dakiTxva

saqmeze arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dasadgenad

miRebuli Cveneba da a.S.

rac Seexeba uflebebsauflebebsa da movaleobebsmovaleobebs sisxlis sapro-

ceso samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi, es aris gamomZieblis,

prokuroris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlos da yvela im piris

(dazaralebuli, braldebuli, mowme da a.S.) uflebebi da

movaleobebi, romlebic monawileoben konkretul sapro-

ceso samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis nebi-

smier monawiles aqvs uflebebi da akisria movaleobebi. ase

magaliTad, dazaralebuls aqvs ufleba ganacxados ac-

ileba, warmoadginos mtkicebulebani, gaasaCivros proku-

rorTan, saCivris uaryofis SemTxvevaSi _ zemdgom proku-

rorTan gamomZieblis da prokuroris moqmedeba da gadaw-

yvetileba, garkveul SemTxvevaSi _ sasamarTloSi, amave

dros valdebulia gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris,

sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT da gulaxdilad acnobos yve-

laferi, rac saqmesTan dakavSirebiT icis.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi

saxelmwifo organoebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi (gamomZie-

beli, prokurori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo) asruleben

kanoniT dakisrebul saxelmwifo movaleobas. es movaleobe-

bi, rom Seasrulon gamomZiebelma, prokurorma, mosamarTlem

_ kanonmdebeli maT aRWuravs uflebebiT, romelsac ganax-

orcieleben konkretul sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv

urTierTobaSi. ase magaliTad, saxelmwifo aZlevs SesaZle-

blobas gamomZiebels, prokurors, mosamarTles (sasamarT-

los), Tu arsebobs amis safuZvlebi, kanoniT dadgenili

wesiT, sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawilis (eWvmita-

nili, braldebuli) mimarT gamoiyenos sisxlis saproceso

samarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZieba. magram sisxlis sapro-

ceso samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi braldebulis mimarT

iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamoyeneba, aris gamomZieblis, proku-

roris, mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) ufleba, da braldebuls

SeuZlia gaasaCivros procesis mwarmoebel pirTa moqmedeba,

amtkicos, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi maT ar hqondaT safuZ-

veli gamoeyenebinaT saproceso samarTlebrivi iZulebis

RonisZiebis konkretuli saxe (mag. dapatimreba). e.i. Sei-

Zleba iTqvas, rom sisxlis saproceso samarTlebriv urT-

ierTobaSi moqalaqeebTan erTad monawile saxelmwifo

organoebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi arian samarTlis sub-

ieqtebi da am statusiT ganaxorcieleben saproceso kano-

niT miniWebul uflebebs. aseTi aqcenti unda gakeTdes maT

saproceso movaleobebzec. procesis mwarmoebel pirebs

valdebuleba ekisrebaT ara mxolod saxelmwifos winaSe,

aramed, rogorc konkretuli saproceso samarTlebrivi

urTierTobis subieqts _ braldebulis, mowmis da proce-

sis nebismieri monawilis mimarT.

ase magaliTad, Tu moxda piris dakaveba eWvmitanilis

saxiT, unda dakmayofildes dauyovnebliv misi moTxovna

damcvelis mowvevis Taobaze. aq, saxelmwifos nebaa gamoxat-

uli da misi Sesruleba savaldebuloa gamomZieblisaTvis

(prokurorisaTvis) da meores mxriv, rogorc samarTlis

subieqtisaTvis movaleoba eWvmitanilis mimarTac, misces

eWvmitanils SesaZlebloba ganaxorcielos kanoniT miniWe-

buli ufleba.

garkveuli sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTier-

Tobebi aRmocendeba mxareebs Soris, sasamarTloSi sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis dros, rodesac mxareebi

84 85

monawileobas iReben warmodgenili mtkicebulebebis gamokv-

levaSi da eZlevaT SesaZlebloba kiTxvebi dausvan da-

sakiTxad gamoZaxebul pirebs. am SemTxvevaSi procesis

monawileebs Soris aRmocenebul urTierTobebs akontro-

lebs TviTon sasamarTlo (mosamarTle).

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sisxlis saproceso samarTlebri-

vi urTierTobani, sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawile-

Ta realuri moqmedebis (Sinaarsis) gamoxatvis mxolod

garegnuli iuridiuli mxarea. misi elementebis urTierT-

kavSiri niadags qmnis miRweul iqnes sisxlis samarTlis

procesis mizani.

amdenad, sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTier-amdenad, sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTier-

Toba, esaa sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebiT mowes-Toba, esaa sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebiT mowes-

rigebuli urTierToba, romelic warmoiSoba saxelmwifos rigebuli urTierToba, romelic warmoiSoba saxelmwifos

organoebsa, mis warmomadgenlebsa da moqalaqeebs Soris organoebsa, mis warmomadgenlebsa da moqalaqeebs Soris

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamo.sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamo.

$3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis $3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis

wyaroebiwyaroebi

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso norma gamoxatulebas

hpovebs kanonSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom yvela kanonebi, rom-

lebic exeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebasa da sasa-

marTloSi saqmis ganxilvas, e.i. Seicavs saproceso normebs,

warmoadgens sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyaroebs.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis ZiriTad wyaros war-

moadgens saqarTvelos konstitucia,saqarTvelos konstitucia, romelic miRebulia

1995 wlis 24 agvistos. igi Seicavs normebs, romlebic

gvevlineba sisxlis saproceso samarTlis principebad an

ZiriTad debulebad. ase magaliTad, saqarTvelos konsti-

tuciis me-17 muxli, romelic saubrobs: adamianis pativi

da Rirseba xelSeuvalia; dauSvebelia adamianis wameba,

arahumanuri, sastiki an pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli

mopyroba da sasjelis gamoyeneba; da konstituciis me-18

muxli, romelic exeba adamianis Tavisuflebis xelSeu-

valobas; dasaSvebobas adamianisaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTi-

sa an piradi Tavisuflebis sxvagvari SezRudvisa sasamarT-

los gadawyvetilebiT, safuZvlad daedo sisxlis sapro-

ceso samarTlis iseT princips, rogoricaa `pirovnebis

xelSeuxebloba, misi pativisa da Rirsebis dacva.

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxlis mexuTe nawilis

Sinaarsi: `dakavebul an dapatimrebul pirs, dakavebis an

dapatimrebisTanave SeuZlia moiTxovos damcvelis dax-

mareba, rac unda dakmayofildes~, da konstituciis 42-e

muxlis mesame nawili: `dacvis ufleba garantirebulia~,

safuZveli gaxda Camoyalibebuliyo sisxlis saproceso

samarTlis principi: eWvmitanilis, braldebulisa da gan-

sasjelis dacvis uflebis uzrunvelyofa;

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-20 muxli exeba: adamianis

piradi cxovrebis, piradi saqmianobis adgilis, piradi

Canaweris, mimoweris, satelefono saubris da sxva saxis

teqnikuri saSualebiT miRebuli Setyobinebebis xelSeux-

eblobas; aseve, Sesvlis akrZalvas sacxovrebel binaSi da

sxva mflobelobaSi mflobel pirTa nebis sawinaaRmdegod;

Tu ar aris sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba an kanoniT gaT-

valiswinebuli gadaudebeli aucilebloba, safuZvlad

daedo sisxlis saproceso samarTlis princips: `piradi

cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba~;

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-40 muxli, romelic

Tavisi SinaarsiT ùdanaSaulobis prezumfcias~ asaxavs,

sruli SinaarsiT iqna gadmotanili sisxlis saproceso

86 87

samarTlis principad;

saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis meSvide nawili:

`kanonis darRveviT mopovebul mtkicebulebas iuridiuli

Zala ara aqvs~, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis erT-erTi

saxelmZRvanelo debulebaa da man asaxva hpova sisxlis

saproceso samarTlis principSi: `kanoniereba da adamianis

bunebiTi uflebebi~; amave muxlis, merve nawili: aravin ar

aris valdebuli misces Tavisi an im axlobelTa sawinaaRm-

degod Cveneba, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba kanoniT~, sisx-

lis saproceso samarTlis mniSvnelovani debulebaa~.

saqarTvelos konstituciis mexuTe Tavi mTlianad sasa-

marTlo xelisuflebas exeba. sadac mocemulia marTlmsa-

julebis ganxorcielebis mniSvnelovani debulebebi: rom

marTlmsajulebas axorcieleben saerTo sasamarTloebi;

mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damoukidebelia da emor-

Cileba mxolod konstitucias da kanons; sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, Secvla an SeCereba SeuZlia mx-

olod sasamarTlos kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT da a.S.

amave TavSi saubaria sisxlis samarTlis procesis iseT

sawyisebze, rogoricaa: sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis ganxilva Ria sxdomaze; samarTalwarmoebis ena; sa-

marTalwarmoebis ganxorcieleba mxareTa Tanasworobisa da

SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze.

rogorc vxedavT saqarTvelos konstitucia sisxlis

saproceso samarTlisaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani wyaroa,

misi ZiriTadi debulebebi, sawyisebi konstituciidan modis.

saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-

bebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebi da normebi bebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebi da normebi

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobis nawilebia. amis

dasturia saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis meore

nawilis Sinaarsic, sadac naTqvamia: `saqarTvelos saerTa-

Soriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, Tu igi ar ewinaaRm-

degeba saqarTvelos konstitucias, konstituciur SeTanx-

mebas aqvs upiratesi iuridiuli Zala Sidasaxelmwifoe-

brivi normatiuli aqtebis mimarT~. e.i. SeiZleba iTqvas,

saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis ierarqiaSi saqarTvelos

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, saqarTvelos

konstituciisa da konstituciuri SeTanxmebis mere ufro

didi iuridili Zala gaaCnia, vidre saqarTvelos sxva nor-

matiul aqtebs (mxedvelobaSia saqarTvelos organuli

kanoni, saqarTvelos kanoni). aqedan gamomdinare àdamianis

uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli

konvencia~, iTvleba ra saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis

nawilad, aRiarebuli unda iqnes sisxlis saproceso samar-

Tlis wyarod. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyarod aRi-

arebul unda iqnes agreTve gaerTianebuli erebis orga-

nizaciis generaluri asambleis mier 1948 wels miRebuli

àdamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia~. aRniSnuli

saerTaSoriso aqtebi mravlad Seicaven sisxlis saproceso

samarTlis sawyisebs (principebs), magaliTad: sisxlissa-

marTalwarmoebis Riaoba; braldebulis dacvis uflebis

uzrunvelyofa; udanaSaulobis (arabraleulobis) prezum-

fcia; pirovnebis xelSeuxebloba, misi pativisa da Rirse-

bis dacva; moqalaqeTa Tanasworoba kanonisa da sasamarTlos

winaSe; piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba da sxva. sisxlis

saproceso samarTlis wyarod unda miviCnioT yvela is

saerTaSoriso aqti, romelic fizikur da iuridiul pirebs

aZlevs SesaZleblobas daicvan TavianTi uflebebi da kanon-

ieri interesebi, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis gamoZiebis,

ise sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis safexurze.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis umTavresi wyaro-sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsia, masSia Tavmoyrili yvela

88 89

is normebi, romlebiTac faqtobrivad wesrigdeba sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis moZraobis Sedegad aRmocenebuli sapro-

coeso samarTlebrivi urTierTobebi, rogorc uSualod

procesis mwarmoebel pirebs Soris (gamomZiebeli, proku-

rori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo), ise procesis mwarmoebel

pirebsa da procesis sxva monawileebs (dazaralebuli,

braldebuli, mowme da sxva) Soris.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, rogorc sisx-

lis saproceso samarTlis wyaro saqarTvelos saxelmwifos

sinamdvileSi mogvevlina 1923 wlidan. rodesac 1923 wlis

17 agvistos miRebuli iqna saqarTvelos pirveli sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi. aRniSnuli kodeqsi mniS-

vnelovani iyo imiT, rom igi adgils uTmobda demokratiul

institutebs, dasaSvebad miiCnevda sisxlis samarTlis

procesSi damcvelis monawileobas, iTvaliswinebda sakasa-

cio wesiT ganaCenis gasaCivrebas. detalurad gadmoscemda

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi

saqmis ganxilvis wess da a.S.


ufro srulyofil saxes warmoadgenda saqarTvelos uzen-

aesi sabWos mier 1960 wlis 30 dekembers miRebuli sisx-

lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelic ZalaSi

Sevida 1961 wlis 1 martidan. xsenebuli kodeqsi miRebul

iqna sisxlis samarTlis politikis humanizaciis periodSi.

ramac garkveuli asaxva hpova kidec sisxlis samarTlis

procesSi. ase magaliTad, danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi

gamoikveTa sazogadoebis aqtiuri roli. SesaZlebeli iyo

braldebulis gadacema Tavdebobis qveS an sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmis masalebis gadacema amxanaguri sasamarTloebi-

saTvis da arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis komisiisaTvis, riTac

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoeba faqtobrivad wydeboda;

damcveli daiSveboda winaswari gamoZiebis damTavrebis mo-

mentidan: gafarTovda dazaralebulis saproceso uflebebi;

detalurad gaiwera calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis

Catarebis wesi; sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisas

da saqmis sakasacio warmoebis dros, SemoRebul iqna Se-

jibrebiTi procesis sawyisebi da a.S.

saqarTveloSi, me-20 saukunis 90-ian wlebSi mimdinare

politikurma movlenebma, iTamaSa ra garkveuli roli

saxelmwifos aRmSeneblobiT saqmianobaSi, gamoiwvia qveya-

naSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis reformirebac. reforma Seexo

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsac, da saqarTvelos

parlamentma 1997 wlis 25 noembers miiRo axali sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi. magram masSi uamravi cvli-

lebeba Sevida da dadga aucilebloba axali sisxlis sa-

marTlis saproceso kodeqsis misaRebad, marTlac, drois

umokles monakveTSi saqarTvelos parlamentma 1998 wlis

20 Tebervals, miiRo axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsi, romelic amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maiss da dResac

moqmedebs. aCqarebuli tempiT miRebul saproceso kodeqsSi

bevri xarvezi gaipara, ramac gamoiwvia is, rom normalurad

arc ki iyo amoqmedebuli kodeqsi, masSi ukve cvlilebebis

Setana daiwyo da am cvlilebebis Setana dRemde grZel-

deba. moqmedi saproceso kodeqsis am mdgomareobaSi yofnam

Seamzada niadagi, isev axali sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kodeqsis misaRebad, momzadebulia proeqtic. sain-

teresoa proeqtSi arsebuli axali institutebi gauZleben

Tu ara gamocdas, romelsac maT umzadebs sagamoZiebo da

sasamarTlo praqtika, misaRebi iqneba Tu ara sazogadoe-

brivi cnobierebisaTvis, amas dro gviCvenebs.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis wyaroebia, aseve: or-

ganuli kanoni ̀ saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~, organuli

90 91

kanoni `saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~: or-

ganuli kanoni `sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~, or-

ganuli kanoni ̀ sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb;

organuli kanoni `saqarTvelos prokuraturis Sesaxeb~;

kanoni òperatiul-samZebro saqmianobis Sesaxeb~; kanoni

àdvokatTa Sesaxeb~ da saerTod, yvela is kanoni, romel-

ic Seicavs saproceso normebs da exeba sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvas.

romanul-germanuli samarTlis sistemis qveynebSi sisx-

lis saproceso samarTlis wyarod aRiarebulia kanoni,

xolo saerTo samarTlis sistemaSi Semavali qveynebi sa-

marTlis wyarod aRiareben `sasamarTlo precedents~.

`sasamarTlo precedenti~ warmoadgens samomavlod gamosay-

enebel samarTlebriv normas. rac imas niSnavs, rom: sasa-

marTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic miRebul iqna konkretul

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, SemdgomSi savaldebulo xdeba

ara marto amave sasamarTlosaTvis, aramed imave instanci-

is an qvemdgomi sxva sasamarTlosTvisac analogiuri saqmee-

bis ganxilvisas (inglisi, aSS, kanada).

calke gamoyofen religiuri samarTlis sistemis qveyneb-

sac, sadac samarTlis wyaroebia ZiriTadad yurani, keTil-

Sobiluri qcevis wesebi, Cveulebebi (afrika, madagaskari,

indoeTi da bevri sxva muslimanuri qveyana).

$4. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis $4. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis

formebiformebi

mecnierTa kvlevis sagania ara mxolod calkeuli sapro-

ceso institutis warmomavloba da misi istoriuli ganvi-

Tareba, aramed TviTon sisxlis saproceso samarTalic.

mecnierTa interesebis sferoa ara mxolod is, warmoa-

Cinon calkeuli saproceso institutis sawyisi da misi

ganviTarebis istoria, aramed, aseve miakvlion TviTon sisx-

lis saproceso samarTlis safuZvlebsac. yoveli eri

daucxromeli SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis Sedegad qmnida, da

dResac qmnis Tavisi qveynis ekonomikur, politikur, so-

cialur, ideologiur, religiur safuZvlebze dafuZnebul

Sesabamis samarTlis sistemas, xolo samarTlis sistemaSi

arsebuli samarTlebrivi institutebis daxvewiloba Sesa-

Zleblobas iZleva warmodgena viqonioT TviT xalxis mar-

TlSegnebis doneze. amitomac, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis

istoriuli ganviTarebis kuTxiT dainteresebam, sruliad

logikurad wamowia sakiTxi gadmovceT sisxlis saproceso

samarTlis ganviTarebis calkeuli etapebi.

iuridiul literaturaSi zogjer saubroben sisxlis

saproceso samarTlis iseT istoriul tipebze, rogoricaa:

monaTmflobeluri, feodaluri, burJuaziuli da social-

isturi1; zogierTi avtori gvTavazobs iseT istoriul

tipebs, rogoricaa: 1). pirvelyofili-Temuri; 2) uZvelesi

civilizaciis (egvipte, babiloni da sxva); 3) klasikuri

(uZvelesi saberZneTi, uZvelesi romi); 4) adrindeli bral-

debiTi (sabraldebo); 5) Suasaukuneebis inkviziciuri (sam-

Zebro); 6) Tanamedrove humanuri, SejibrebiTi2; gadmoscemen

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis formebsac: braldebiTi (sa-

braldebo) procesi, samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesi,

SejibrebiTi procesi, Sereuli procesi3.

1 Ì. À. ×åëüöîâ-Áåáóòîâ – Êóðñ óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîãî ïðàâà, Ñ. Ïåòåðáóðã, 1995 ñ. 5-6.

2 Óãîëîâíî-ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, 2-îå èçäà-íèå, îòâ. ðåä. È.Ë. Ïåòðóõèí, Ì., 2006, ñ. 36-37.

3 Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ, ó÷åáíèê ïîä. ðåä. Ãóöåíêî, Ê. Ô., Ì., 1998. ñ. 19-20.

92 93

marTebulad migvaCnia sisxlis saproceso samarTlis

ganviTarebis etapebi gadmovceT sisxlis saproceso samar-

Tlis formebis mixedviT. ramdenadac sazogadoebis ganvi-

Tarebis ama Tu im safexurze moqmedebda an braldebiTi an

samZebro, SejibrebiTi Tu Sereuli procesi.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis braldebiTi formisaTvis sisxlis saproceso samarTlis braldebiTi formisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli iyo is, rom bralmdebels gansakuTrebuli

mdgomareoba eWira. masze iyo damokidebuli sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis dawyebac da Sewyvetac. bralmdeblad, Cveu-

lebriv gamodioda is piri, romelsac danaSaulis Cadenis

Sedegad ziani miadga. braldebuli ki upirispirdeboda

bralmdebels sasamarTloSi da ekamaTeboda mas braldebis

Taobaze, cdilobda gaebaTilebina braldeba. sasamarTlo ki

mxareTa Soris davas gadawyvetda im monacemebis safuZvelze,

rasac mxareebi warudgendnen mas. sasamarTlo gamodioda

arbitris rolSi, ar iRebda monawileobas mtkicebulebaTa

mopovebaSi, is mxolod Tvalyurs adevnebda, rom mxareTa

Soris kamaTi warmarTuliyo dadgenili wesebis dacviT da

gamohqonda gadawyvetileba.

procesis es forma braldebiTad iwodeboda imitom, rom

gamokveTili iyo dazaralebulis, rogorc bralmdeblis

matareblis pozicia. misi nebis gamovlenaze iyo damokide-

buli sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva

(sxvaTaSoris samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvac), dazaralebulis

siCivari edeboda safuZvlad saqmis sasamarTloSi warmoebas.

winasasamarTlo gamoZieba saerTod ar arsebobda, mtkiceb-

ulebaTa Sekrebisa da maTi sasamarTloSi wardgenis tvir-

Ti mTlianad mxareebze iyo gadasuli.

braldebiTi procesi iyo sajaro da zepiri. sasamarTlos

winaSe ar idga amocana sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze daed-

gina materialuri WeSmariteba. iTvleboda, rom WeSmar-

iteba momdinareobs RmerTisgan da amitom mis dasadgenad

mimarTavdnen iseT meTodebs, rogoric iyo orTabrZola,

ordalebi, fici.

procesis braldebiTi forma arsebobda e.w. monaTmflo-

belur sazogadoebaSi da feodaluri sazogadoebis garkveul

periodamde (dasavleT evropaSi samZebro (inkviziciuri)

procesis niSnebi gaCnda XIII saukuneSi, Tumca mis parale-

lurad iyo braldebiTi procesic).

braldebiTi procesi Secvala samZebro (inkviziciurma) samZebro (inkviziciurma)

procesma.procesma. aris mosazreba, rom samZebro (inkviziciuri)

procesi nasesxebia saeklesio praqtikidan. magram imasac

dasZenen, rom TviT kaTolikurma eklesiam SeiTvisa inkviz-

iciuri procesis ZiriTadi principebi saero samarTlidan,

es principebi SemdgomSi ise daamuSava, ganaviTara, rom

sxvadasxva saxelmwifoTa saproceso samarTalma masabaZ

nimuSad aqcia.

samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

iyo is, rom braldebis funqcia, dacvis funqcia da sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis gadawyvetis funqcia Tavmoyrili iyo erTi

pirovnebis mosamarTlis xelSi. is ganaxorcielebda konk-

retul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamoZiebis, braldebis

da garkveuli doziT dacvis funqciebsac. braldebuls

araviTari uflebebi ar gaaCnda, mas ar SeeZlo monawileo-

ba mieRo sasamarTlo procesSi, daecva sakuTari Tavi

braldebi sagan. is ufro aRiqmeboda gamokvlevis obieqtad

da ara procesis subieqtad. dazaralebuli ki iTvleboda

mxolod da mxolod momCivnad. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samZe-

bro (inkviziciuri) procesisaTvis mxareTa paeqroba

sasamarTlo Si ucxo iyo. iTvleboda, rom inkvizitor-mosa-

marTle iyo valdebuli efiqra Seekriba saqmeze braldebu-

lis rogorc mamxilebeli, ise gamamarTlebeli mtkicebule-

94 95

bebi. mosamarTle amodioda braldebulis braleulobis

prezumfciidan. braldebuls unda daemtkicebina Tavisi ar-

abraleuloba.

samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesi _ es iyo daxuruli

procesi, sasamarTlo sxdomaze xalxi ar daiSveboda, mosa-

marTle saqmis gadawyvetis dros efuZneboda mxolod

werilobiT masalas, dakiTxvis oqmebs da aqtebs, ar ax-

denda braldebulis, mowmeebis dakiTxvas.

samZebro (inkviziciur) procesTanaa uSualod dakavSire-

buli wamebis meTodis gamoyeneba braldebulis mimarT, raTa

misgan mieRoT aRiareba danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb. bralde-

bulis mxridan danaSaulis Cadenis aRiareba iTvleboda

`mtkicebulebaTa dedoflad~ da sakmarisad msjvardebisaTvis.

saerTod wameba ganixileboda, rogorc saSualeba dasakiTxi

pirisagan Cvenebis misaRebad ama Tu im faqtTan dakavSirebiT.

iyo aseTi xedvac gabatonebuli, rom qals ufro naklebad

unda endo, misi Cveneba naklebad sarwmunoa, vidre mamaka-

cisa; aseve Raribi adamianis mier micemuli Cveneba ufro

naklebad sarwmunoa vidre mdidari adamianisa.

samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesi krZalavda sasamarTlo

sxdomaze xalxis daswrebas, magram samagierod moiwvevdnen

maT ganaCenis aRsrulebis dros. ganaCenis gasaCivreba ar iyo

gaTvaliswinebuli. ganaCenis gadasinjva (~revizia~) SesaZle-

beli iyo saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis piris iniciativiT.

ganasxvavebdnen gamamtyunebel, gamamarTlebel ganaCensa

da ganaCens, romelic gansasjels tovebda eWvis qveS. es

eWvi, danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb adamians mTeli sicocxlis

manZilze Sav laqad Tan dayveboda.

samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesis Tanmdevi iyo `das-

menis~ institutis gaaqtiureba, daxvewa (dasmena didi xnis

winaTac arsebobda). dasmena niSnavda konkretuli piris

gawbilebas sxvis TvalSi da mosamarTlisaTvis warmoebis

dawyebis sababs Seadgenda, Sedegi ki sasjelis Sefardeba

iyo. samZebro (inkviziciurma) procesma yvelaze ufro dax-

vewili saxe miiRo e.w. feodalur sazogadoebaSi, absolu-

turi monarqiis dros (es exeba yvela saxelmwifos).

rac Seexeba sisxlis saproceso samarTlis Sereul sisxlis saproceso samarTlis Sereul

formasformas, rogorc mas sisxlis samarTlis procesis Teo-

riaSi eZaxian, man Secvala samZebro (inkviziciuri) pro-

cesi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samZebro (inkviziciur) proce-

sis Sesustebas xeli Seuwyo safrangeTis 1789 wlis

burJuaziulma revoluciam. mogvianebiT, dasavleT evropis

sxva qveynebSic momxdarma revoluciebma uaryves samZebro

(inkviziciuri) procesi da gza dauloces sisxlis samar-

Tlis procesis e.w. burJuaziul formas, Sereul formas.

ratom ewoda sisxlis samarTlis procesis am formas

Sereuli. upirveles yovlisa imitom, rom masSi Sezavebuli

aRmoCnda samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesisa da SejibrebiTi

procesis elementebi. amas mohyva is, rom TviTon sisxlis

samarTlis procesSi gamoikveTa ori ZiriTadi stadia, age-

buli or sxvadasxva principze: winaswari gamoZieba agebuli or sxvadasxva principze: winaswari gamoZieba agebuli

samZebro principebze,samZebro principebze, gamoZiebas erTpirovnulad anxor-

cielebs gamomZiebeli. winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze bral-

debuli ar warmoadgens mxares, is mxolod gamokvlevis

obieqtia da saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvasaqmis sasamarTlo ganxilva, romelic mimdinare-

obs sajarod, zepirad, SejibrebiTobis principis SejibrebiTobis principis safuZve lze.

bralmdebeli, rogorc mxare sasamarTlos warudgens piris

braldebis damadasturebel mtkicebulebebs, xolo bral-

debuli, rogorc mxare uflebamosilia imarTlos Tavi wayene-

bu li braldebisagan an TviTon an damcvelis daxmarebiT.

Sereuli procesi uSvebda SejibrebiTi elementebis

gamovlenas winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze, (magaliTad,

96 97

damcvelis daSveba winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze). unda

aRiniSnos isic, rom sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis ganxilva wminda SejibrebiT xasiaTs ar atarebda,

mosamarTle ar iyo mxareTa paeqrobis pasiuri mayurebeli,

igi aqtiurad xelmZRvanelobda sasamarTlo gamoZiebis mim-

dinareobas, da mtkicebulebebs afasebda Sinagani rwmenis

safuZvelze.

amdenad, samZebro (inkviziciuri) da braldebiTi pro-samZebro (inkviziciuri) da braldebiTi pro-

cesebiscesebis elementebis gaerTianeba `Sereva~ iZleva safuZvels,

procesis aseT sistemas ewodos Sereuli. magram, es ise ar

unda gavigoT TiTqosda meqanikurad moxda ori sxvadasxva

formis procesebis elementebis gaerTianeba, ra Tqma unda

ara. elementebi SemoqmedebiTad iqna damuSavebuli da faqto-

brivad miRebul iqna axali, erTiani procesis sistema, rom-

lis ZiriTad principad gamocxadda SejibrebiTobaSejibrebiToba, TumcaRa

inarCunebda samZebro (inkviziciuri) procesis elementebs.

Sereuli procesi win gadadgmuli nabiji iyo samZebro

(inkviziciur) procesTan SedarebiT, progresuli iyo im-

denad, ramdenadac masSi aisaxa iseTi demokratiuli insti-

tutebi, rogoricaa: sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis Seji-

brebiToba, braldebulis ufleba dacvaze, sajarooba,

zepiroba, am demokratiuli institutebis danergviT didi

kulturuli winsvla moxda marTlmsajulebis ganxor-

cielebisa da organizaciis sferoSi.

Sereulma procesma upirvelesi asaxva hpova safrange-

Tis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi (1808 w) da

SemdgomSi gavrcelda sxva qveynebis kanonmdeblobaSic

(upiratesad kontinentur evropaSi, germaniaSi, italiaSi,

avtriaSi, belgiaSi).

SejibrebiTi procesi.SejibrebiTi procesi. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis es

forma ufro Tanamedrovea da ZiriTadad adgils ikavebs

anglosaqsonuri samarTlis sistemis qveynebSi (inglisi,

kanada, avstralia, aSS). istoriulad procesis es forma

Camoyalibda inglisSi, Semdeg gavrceleba hpova mis yofil

koloniebSi, TumcaRa unda iTqvas, rom SejibrebiTi pro-

cesis niSnebi farTod gamoCnda romanul-germanuli (kon-

tinenturi) samarTlis sistemis qveynebis kanonmdeblobaSic.

SejibrebiTi procesisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia, Semdegi speci-

fikuri niSnebi: saproceso funqciebi gamijnulia urTier-

Tisagan, sasamarTlo ganaxorcielebs mxolod marTlmsa-

julebis funqcias da braldebisa da dacvis mxareebs

uqmnis saWiro pirobebs mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisaTvis,

maTi yovelmxrivi da sruli gamokvlevisaTvis. sasamarT-

loSi mxareTa dava monaTlulia, rogorc dava saxelmwi-

fosa da moqalaqes Soris, romelmac Caidina danaSauli.

mosamarTle mxareTa am davaSi miukerZoebeli arbitria, is

mxolod Tvalyurs adevnebs, rom ar dairRves kamaTis

wesebi da gamoavlinos gamarjvebuli. sasamarTlo mtkice-

bulebebs afasebs Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze, TumcaRa

SenarCunebulia formalur mtkicebulebaTa Teoriis

garkveuli elementebic, magaliTad, Tu braldebuli aRi-

arebs brals safuZvelia gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamosa-

tanad. SejibrebiToba figurirebs winaswari gamoZiebis

stadiazec. ase magaliTad, inglisSi bralmdebeli damoukide-

blad moipovebs mtkicebulebebs da warudgens mas mom-

rigebel mosamarTles, es ukanaskneli gamoiZaxebs bralde-

buls, warudgens braldebis damadasturebel monacemebs da

aZlevs gansazRvrul dros, Tavis dacvis mizniT Sekribos

da warmoadginos mtkicebulebebi. yvela aucilebel sapro-

ceso moqmedebas momrigebeli mosamarTle atarebs mxareTa

(bralmdeblis, braldebulis) moTxovniT. sasamarTlo

gamoZieba iyofa or nawilad, pirveli nawili eTmoba bralm-

98 99

debels, sadac igi warmoadgens Tavis mtkicebulebebs da

aqedan gamomdinare argumentacias piris braleulobis Ses-

axeb; meore nawili mTlianad eTmoba braldebulsa da mis

damcvels, romlebic braldebis sawinaaRmdegod warmoadgenen

Tavis mtkicebulebebs da mosazrebebs. mosamarTle, rogorc

wesi ar ereva maT kamaTSi.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis zemoT dasaxelebulma

formebma, es iqneba: braldebiTi, samZebro (inkviziciuri)braldebiTi, samZebro (inkviziciuri),

Sereuli Tu SejibrebiTiSereuli Tu SejibrebiTi, Tavis droze didi roli iTamaSa

ama Tu im qveynis samarTlis kulturaSi. isini erTmaneTs

enacvlebodnen, qmnidnen ufro daxvewil, progresul sap-

roceso institutebs da safuZvels imisa, rom ufro meti

yuradRebis qveS moqceuliyo adamiani, Tavisi uflebebiT,

TavisuflebebiT da kanonieri interesebiT. magram Tu, ram-

denad xorcieldeba adamianis uflebebis, Tavisuflebebis,

kanonieri interesebis dacva ama Tu im qveynis kanonmdeblo-

biT, es damokidebulia TviT qveynis ekonomikur, politikur,

socialur, ideologiur da mTel rig garemoebebze. amitom,

sulac ar aris gasakviri, Tuki sisxlis saproceso samar-

Tlis xsenebuli formebi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi garkveuli

TaviseburebebiT gvxvdeba, TumcaRa inarCuneben im saerTo

niSnebs, romelic damaxasiaTebelia procesis calkeuli

formisaTvis.

$5. sisxlis saproceso samarTali iuridiul $5. sisxlis saproceso samarTali iuridiul

mecnierebaTa sistemaSimecnierebaTa sistemaSi

sisxlis saproceso samarTals, rogorc samarTlis erT-

erT dargs aqvs normaTa erToblioba, Tavisi regulirebis

sagani, riTac igi gansxvavdeba samarTlis sxva dargebisagan.

magram miuxedavad didi gansxvavebisa, sisxlis saproceso

samarTals, rogorc samarTlis erTiani sistemis Semadgenel

nawils kavSiri aqvs samarTlis sxva dargebTan.

gansakuTrebuli mWidro kavSiri arsebobs sisxlis sap-sisxlis sap-

roceso samarTalsa da materialur sisxlis samarTals roceso samarTalsa da materialur sisxlis samarTals

Soris.Soris. maT Soris mWidro kavSirs xazi, rom gausvan mec-

nierebi SeniSnaven xolme _ sisxlis saproceso samarTali

sisxlis samarTlis garSe usagno iqnebodao. es naTqvami

misaRebia, ramdenadac mxolod sisxlis samarTali gansaz-

Rvravs Tu ra aris danaSauli, romeli qmdeba (moqmedeba

an umoqmedeba) CaiTvalos danaSaulad da rogori iuridi-

uli Sedegi mohyves mis Cadenas. xolo sisxlis saproceso

samarTlis normebiT gansazRvrulia, rogor, rogori Tan-

mimdevrobiT dadgindes danaSaulis Semadgenlobis arse-

boba ama Tu im qmedebaSi, rogor dadgindes danaSaulis

Camdeni konkretuli piri. zemoT gadmocemuli, praqtikulad

imas niSnavs, rom sisxlis samarTlis normebis gamoyeneba

gaZneldeboda sisxlis saproceso samarTlis gareSe, xolo

am ukanasknelis normebi dakargavdnen azrs, usargeblo

iqnebodnen sisxlis samarTlis normebis gareSe. SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom orives arseboba erTmaneTs avsebs da efeqturs

xdis danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolas.

sisxlis saproceso samarTals kavSiri aqvs samoqalaqo sisxlis saproceso samarTals kavSiri aqvs samoqalaqo

saproceso samarTalTansaproceso samarTalTan. samarTlis es ori dargi awesrigebs

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis sferoSi aRmocenebul

urTierTobebs. amitom maT aqvT mTeli rigi msgavsi insti-

tutebi da principebi, mtkicebis erTnairi saSualebebi. maT

Soris arsebulma kavSirma, zogierT mecniers gauRviZa idea,

sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeTa gansaxilvelad

Seqmniliyo erTiani saproceso kodeqsi. aris mosazreba imis

Sesaxebac, rom sisxlis saproceso samarTali da samoqalaqo

100 101

saproceso samarTali samosamarTlo samarTlis Semadgeneli

nawilebia.mosazrebebi sainteresoa, problematuri da

damoukidebel kvlevas moiTxovs.

sisxlis saproceso samarTalssisxlis saproceso samarTals udavod mWidro kavSiri

aqvs, iseT iuridiul mecnierebasTan, rogoricaa kriminal-kriminal-

istikaistika. kriminalistika Tavdapirvelad xom sisxlis samar-

Tlis procesis mecnierebaSi Camoyalibda. mas miiCnevdnen

sisxlis samarTlis procesis gagrZelebad. siaxlove sisx-

lis saproceso samarTalsa da kriminalistikas Soris,

SeiZleba aseTi sityvebiTac gamovxatoT: kriminalistika

emsaxureba sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi normebis re-

alizaciis taqtikur-teqnikuri meTodebis SemuSavebas. Tu

sisxlis saproceso samarTali Seiswavlis da gansazRvravs

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi

saqmis ganxilvis saproceso wess, adgens calkeul saga-

moZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis procedurul wess; kriminal-

istika SeimuSavebs im teqnikur saSualebebs, taqtikur

xerxebsa da meTodebs, romelTa gamoyenebiTac calkeuli

saproceso moqmedeba Sedegiani xdeba. mxolod da mxolod

sisxlisa da sisxlis saproceso normebis gamoyenebiT

SeuZlebelia Sedegiani aRmoCndes esa Tu is saproceso mo-

qmedeba. saproceso moqmedebis Catarebas maSin aqvs azri,

rodesac igi garkveul cnobebs iZleva ama Tu im faqtTan

dakavSirebiT. aseTi cnobebis miReba ki SesaZlebeli xdeba,

kriminalistikis mier mowodebuli teqnikuri saSualebebis,

taqtikuri xerxebis, meTodebisa da rekomendaciebis gziT,

romlebic ra Tqma unda Tu ar ewinaaRmdenebian saproceso

kanonis moTxovnebs.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlisa da kriminalistikis

mecnierebis axlo kavSirze isic metyvelebs, rom kriminal-

istikis mecnierebis mier SemuSavebuli taqtikuri xerxi

xSirad gamxdara sisxlis saproceso samarTlis kuTvnili

instituti. ase magaliTad, sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti, Cven-

ebis adgilze Semowmeba, amosacnobad wardgena pirvelad

kriminalistikis mecnierebaSi aRmocendnen, rogorc taqti-

kuri xerxebi, da SemdgomSi maT asaxva hpoves sisxlis

saproceso samarTalSi damoukidebeli sagamoZiebo moqmede-

bebis saxiT.

kavSiri ikveTeba sisxlis saproceso samarTalsa da sisxlis saproceso samarTalsa da

kriminilogias Soris.kriminilogias Soris. Tu kriminologiis amocanaa: daadgi-

nos danaSaulis Cadenis mizezebi da pirobebi, SeimuSaos

maTi aRmofxvris gzebi da saSualebebi, sisxlis saproceso

samarTali gansazRvravs gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo orga-

noebis reagirebis saproceso formebs danaSaulis Cadenis

mizezebisa da pirobebis aRmofxvrisaTvis, amave dros adgens

Sesabamisi wardginebis an sasamarTlos kerZo ganCinebis

Setanis wesebsa da pirobebs.

sisxlis saproceso samarTalssisxlis saproceso samarTals kavSiri aqvs iseT damx-

mare iuridiul disciplinebTan, rogoricaa: sasamarTlo sasamarTlo

medicina, sasamarTlo fsiqiatria.medicina, sasamarTlo fsiqiatria.

sasamarTlo medicinasasamarTlo medicina _ medicinis mecnierebis dargia,

misi miRwevebi xSirad gamoyenebadia sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeTa sworad da obieqturad gamoZiebisaTvis da sasamarT-

loSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis. ase magaliTad, sikvdilis gamom-

wvevi mizezebis gamosavlenad, adamianis asakis dasadgenad,

sisx lis jgufis gansazRvrisaTvis da a.S. iniSneba xolme sasa-

marTlo samedicino eqspertiza, romlis drosac gamokvleva

unda Catardes saproceso wesebisa da saproceso normebis

dacviT. xolo sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertis mier

momzadebuli daskvna ki, iseve, rogorc yvela sxva saxis

eqspertis daskvna iTvleba mtkicebulebis erT-erT saxed.

igive SeiZleba iTqvas sasamarTlo fsiqiatriazecsasamarTlo fsiqiatriazec.

102 103

gamomZiebeli, mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) xSirad mimarTaven

xolme dasaxmareblad sasamarTlo fsiqiatrebs. gansa-

kuTrebiT maSin, rodesac wamoiWreba sakiTxi braldebulis

(gansasjelis) Seracxaobis Sesaxeb. aqac pirovnebis gamokv-

levis dros ama Tu im meTodis gamoyenebis dros daculi

unda iyos sisxlis saproceso samarTlis normebis moTx-

ovnebi da wesebi. xolo sasamarTlo fsiqiatris mier

momzadebuli daskvna iTvleba mtkicebulebis saxed, romlis

Semowmebisa da Sefasebis sakiTxebi, aseve mowesrigebulia

sisxlis saproceso samarTliT.

$6. sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc $6. sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc

mecniereba.mecniereba.

sisxlis saproceso samarTali, rogorc mecniereba iu-

ridiuli mecnierebis nawilia. igi aris erTian sistemaSi

moyvanili codna saerTod sisxlis samarTlis procesze da

sisxlis saproceso samarTalze, rogorc samarTlis darg-

ze. e.i. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sisxlis saproceso samarTlis,

rogorc mecnierebis Seswavlis sagania: sisxlis saproceso

samarTlis Teoria, romelic SeimuSavebs: a) danaSaulis

winaaRmdeg brZolis demokratiul principebs, formebs da

saSualebas; b) ayalibebs axal saproceso institutebs da

iZleva maT ganmartebas; g) Seiswavlis sisxlis saproceso

samarTlis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebas; d) Teoriulad

gaiazrebs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis

praqtikulad (realurad) gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.

magram, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecnierebis Ses-

wavla ver moxerxdeba srulyofilad, Tu swavleba dae-

fuZneba mxolod da mxolod arsebuli saproceso normeb-

isa da institutebis aRweras. moqmedi saproceso normeb-

isa da institutebis yovelmxriv SeswavlasTan, analizTan

erTad unda moxdes maTi istoriuli kuTxiTac gamokvleva,

danaxva, maTi srulyofis mizniT. e.i. axsnili unda iyos

yvela is obieqturi kanonzomiereba, romelic safuZvlad

daedo ama Tu im saproceso normis Tu institutis aRmo-

cenebas. maSasadame, sisxlis saproceso mecnierebam unda

axsnas, daadginos da miuTiTos Tu ra obieqturi garemoe-

bebi ganapirobeben ama Tu im saproceso normebisa Tu in-

stitutebis mocemuli saxiT Camoyalibebas.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecnierebam, rom axsnas

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis ganviTare-

bis kanonzomiereba, srulyos saproceso normebisa da in-

stitutebis Sinaarsi, unda moaxdinos sxvadasxva qveynebis

sisxlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis Seswavla, analizi, maTi

sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikis ganzogadeba. dain-

teresdes yovelive axali institutiT, daxvewili, sru-

lyofili saproceso normiT, ramdenad efeqturad muSaoben

isini da uzrunvelyofen sisxlis samarTlis procesis

miznis miRwevas. axali saproceso institutis Tu daxvewili

samarTlis normis aRmoCena romelime sxva qveynis sapro-

ceso kanonmdeblobaSi imas ar niSnavs, rom igi Cveni qveynis

kanonmdeblobaSi meqanikurad aisaxos, mecnierebis daniS-

nulebaa axali saproceso institutebi Tu saproceso

normebi Seiswavlos, axsnas maTi warmoSobis obieqturi

garemoebani da ise miusadagos sazogadoebriv yofierebas,

sazogadoebis moTxovnebs.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecniereba ZiebaSi unda

iyos, ikvlevdes, nergavdes da ganmartebas aZlevdes axal

saproceso institutebsa Tu saproceso normebs, realobi-

dan gamomdinare unda Wvretdes mosalodnel saproceso

urTierTobebs da sakanonmdeblo xarvezis Tavidan acileb-

104 105

is mizniT srulyofdes saproceso kanonmdeblobas.

danaSaulma, romelmac ar icis saxelmwifos sazRvrebi

da erTnairad miuRebelia nebismieri saxelmwifos sazoga-

doebisaTvis, sasurveli iqneba Tu mis winaaRmde sabrZolve-

lad, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecniereba izrunebs

daaxlovos sxvadasxva qveynebis saproceso kanonmdebloba

erTmaneTTan.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecnierebam srulyo-

filebas, rom miaRwios farTod unda gamoiyenos kvlevis

iseTi meTodebi, rogoricaa: istoriul-samarTlebrivi,

SedarebiTi-samarTlebrivi, formalur-logikuri, sociolo-

giuri, statistikuri da yvela is meTodi, romelic uz-

runvelyofs mis ganviTarebas da sazogadoebrivi moTxov-

nilebis dakmayofilebas.

sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecnierebis safuZvlebi

mravali saukunis winaT aRmocenda. es safuZvlebi gvxvdeba

rogorc evropis, ise aziis, amerikis qveynebSi. qarTuli

samarTlis istoriamac Semogvinaxa uZvelesi samarTlis

Zeglebi, dawyebuli bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wigniT

da damTavrebuli vaxtang VI samarTlis wigniT, romlebic

metyveleben aRniSnuli mecnierebis wanamZRvrebis Sesaxeb.

sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRlebasTan erTad sru-

lyofilebas moiTxovs yovelive garemomcveli, romelic

sazogadoebas gars akravs. maT Soris daxvewas iTxovs sap-

roceso normebic da institutebic. gansakuTrebuli yura-

dReba mainc gadatanilia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kanonmdeblobis srulyofasa da daxvewaze. es

yuradReba gamowveulia qveyanaSi Secvlili politikuri

viTarebiT, romelsac Sedegad mohyva axali samarTlebrivi

urTierTobebis, axali saproceso normebisa da institute-

bis gaCena, maT ki, Sesabamisad moiTxoves axleburi gan-

marteba da saboloo jamSi axali sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kanonmdeblobis Seqmna.

qarTveli da ucxoeli mecnierebis publikaciebSi, dis-

kusiebi mimarTulia iqiTken, rom xeli Seuwyon saproceso

normebis, rogorc xarisxian komentars, ise axali sapro-

ceso institutebis amoqmedebas.

amdenad, sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecniereba, esaa sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mecniereba, esaa

moZRvreba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis moZRvreba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis

ganviTarebisa da srulyofis kanonzomierebaTa Sesaxeb.

106 107

Tavi III Tavi III

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis moqmedebis farglebi


moqmedeba droSimoqmedeba droSi

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisa Tu sasamarT-

loSi saqmis ganxilvisas, didi mniSvneloba aqvs codnas

imis Sesaxeb romeli saproceso kanoniT isargeblos,

rogorc procesis mwarmoebelma pirma (gamomZiebeli, proku-

rori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo) ise procesis sxva monawilem

(dazaralebulma, eWvmitanilma, braldebulma da a.S.). am

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT pasuxs iZleva saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mesame muxlis pirveli

nawili, sadac naTqvamia: `sisxlis samarTlis procesSi

gamoiyeneba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoni, romelic

moqmedebs winaswari gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis

dros~. upiratesoba moqmed, axal saproceso kanons imitom

eZleva, rom igulisxmeba igi ufro daxvewili SinaarsiTaa

warmodgenili vidre Zveli. is ufro srulyofilad awes-

rigebs saproceso moqmedebebis Catarebis wess da amave

dros, uzruvnelyofs procesis monawileTa kanoniT mini-

Webuli uflebebis realizebas. e.i. qmnis samarTliani mar-

Tlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis garantias.

rodesac saubaria moqmedi saproceso kanonis gamoyen-

ebaze, bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva, rodis iZens saproceso

kanoni iuridiul Zalas, rodis amoqmeddeba igi, da saval-

debulo xdeba misi gamoyeneba. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda

gvaxsovdes, rom kanoni (maT Soris saproceso kanonic

igulisxmeba), rogorc amas ambobs saqarTvelos konsti-

tuciis 68-e muxlis meeqvse nawili ZalaSi Sedis misi

oficialur organoSi gamoqveynebidan meTxuTmete dRes, Tu

sxva vada ar aris dadgenili. Tu saproceso kanonSi mi-

TiTebulia misi ZalaSi Sesvlis vada, vTqvaT 2008 wlis 1

dekemberi, igi moqmedebas iwyebs am vadis dadgomis dRi-

dan.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis droSi moqmede-

basTan mimarTebaSi, yovelTvis wamoiwevs xolme sakiTxi _

saproceso kanons aqvs Tu ara ukuqceviTi Zala, e.i. vr-

celdeba Tu ara igi im urTierTobebze da faqtebze, rom-

lebsac adgili hqondaT mis ZalaSi Sesvlamde. amasTan

dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis mesame muxlis meore nawili, Semdeg ganmartebas

iZleva: `sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonSi Setanili

cvlilebebi iwvevs winaT gamotanili saproceso aqtis

gauqmebas an Secvlas, Tu amiT umjobesdeba eWvmitanilis,

braldebulis, gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis mdgomareoba~.

amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saproceso kanons ukuqcevi-

Ti Zala mxolod da mxolod im gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi

aqvs, rodesac saproceso kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebi

iwvevs winaT gamotanili saproceso aqtis gauqmebas an

Secvlas da amiT umjobesdeba eWvmitanilis, braldebulis,

gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis mdgomareoba. ase magaliTad,

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi sawyis

etapze iTvaliswinebda saqmis gamoZiebisas braldebulis 3

TviT patimrobas. SemdegSi, rodesac sssk-is 162-e muxlSi

cvlileba ganxorcielda braldebulis patimrobis vada 2

TviT ganisazRvra. Tu piri braldebulis saxiT dapatimre-

buli iyo aRniSnul muxlSi cvlilebebis Setanamde da

Sefardebuli hqonda 3 TviT patimroba, masze unda gavr-

108 109

celdes cvlilebis Semdeg miRebuli patimrobis 2 Tviani

vada. an/da moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi

iTvaliswinebda eWvmitanilis uflebas Sexvedroda damcvels

marto, dReSi ara umetes erTi saaTisa. magram mas Semdeg,

rodesac sssk-is 73-e muxlis pirveli nawilis d) punqtSi

cvlileba Sevida, eWvmitanils ufleba mieca pirispir

marto Sexvedrisa damcvelTan, Sexvedris raodenobisa da

xangrZlivobis SeuzRudavad. Tu piri eWvmitanilis saxiT

dakavebuli iyo aRniSnul muxlSi cvlilebebis Setanamde,

da mas mouswro cvlilebam 73-e muxlis pirveli nawilis

d) punqtSi, masze unda gavrceldes cvlilebis Semdeg

miRebuli ufleba Sexvdes damcvels marto pirispir, Sex-

vedris raodenobisa da xangrZlivobis SeuzRudavad. Tu

aRniSnuli cvlilebiT umjobesdeba dazaralebulis, samo-

qalaqo mosarCelis mdgomareoba gamodis saproceso kanons

maSin ar miecema ukuqceviTi Zala.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis droSi moqmede-

bas unda daukavSiroT saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi xarvez-

is arsebobis sakiTxic. sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praq-

tikaSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas iseTi viTareba, rodesac samarT-

lebrivi TvalsazrisiT gansaxilveli da gadasawyveti

sakiTxi ar iyos gaTvaliswinebuli da mowesrigebuli sap-

roceso samarTlis arcerT normaSi. sakiTxi ki iTxovs

mowesrigebas, rogori moviqceT mivmarToT saproceso

kanonis analogiiT gamoyenebas? dasaSvebia igi sisxlis

samarTlis procesSi? amasTan dakavSirebiT pasuxs iZleva

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis meS-

vide muxlis meoTxe nawili, sadac naTqvamia: `kanonmde-

blobaSi xarvezebis arsebobisas dasaSvebia sisxlis samar-

Tlis saproceso kanonis analogiiT gamoyeneba, Tu amiT ar

ilaxeba adamianis uflebebi~. maSasadame, sisxlis samarTlis

procesi uSvebs gauTvaliswinebeli saproceso urTierTobis

samarTlebrivi mowesrigebisaTvis gamoyenebuli iqnes yve-

laze ufro msgavsi urTierTobis momwesrigebeli norma,

Tu amasTan erTad ar ilaxeba adamianis uflebebi.

garda amisa aris meore SezRudvac, romlis Sesaxebac

kanonmdebeli saubrobs saqarTvelos sssk-is 133-e muxlis

meore nawilSi: ̀ sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi iZuleb-

is gamoyenebisas analogiis an kanonis ganvrcobiTi gan-

marteba dauSvebelia~. kanonmdeblis aseTi imperatiuli

akrZalva gasagebia, rameTu sisxlis saproceso samarT-

lebrivi iZulebis RonisZiebis gamoyeneba niSnavs ra adami-

anis ama Tu im ZiriTadi uflebis SezRudvas, nebadarTuli

unda iyos mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.

Tu danaSaulis simZimis xarisxidan gamomdinare kanoni ar

iTvaliswinebs piris mimarT iseTi aRmkveTi RonisZiebis

gamoyenebas, rogoricaa patimroba, igi ar unda iqnes gamoy-

enebuli. magaliTad, cemisa da janmrTelobis ganzrax msub-

uqi dazianebis dros.


moqmedeba sivrceSimoqmedeba sivrceSi

rodesac vexebiT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis

moqmedebas sivrceSi, wina planze wamoiwevs teritoriulo-

bis principi. es principi Cadebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis meoTxe muxlis pirvel

nawilSi, sadac naTqvamia: `danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis

miuxedavad, sisxlis samarTlis procesi saqarTvelos

teritoriaze xorcieldeba saqarTvelos konstituciisa da

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis

110 111

Sesabamisad~. aRniSnuli normis Sinaarsi saubrobs saqarT-

velos konstituciasTan erTad sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kanonmdeblobis iuridiul Zalaze konkretulad

gansazRvrul geografiul sivrceSi. kerZod miuxedavad

imisa, saqarTvelos teritoriis romel nawilSi iqneba

danaSauli Cadenili samarTalwarmoeba ganxorcieldeba

saqarTvelos konstituciisa da saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-

marTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.

magram, naTeli rom iyos saproceso kanonis sivrceSi

moqmedebis sakiTxi, mizanSewonilia ganisazRvros, Tu ra

moiazreba cnebaSi `teritoria~. mas miekuTvneba: qveynis

mTeli miwis teritoria (xmeleTi) saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

sazRvris farglebSi; teritoriuli sanapiro wylebi (e.i.

garkveuli siganis zRvis zoli), Sinagani nacionaluri

wylebi (mdinareebi, tbebi, xelovnuri wyalsacavebi da a.S.);

miwis wiaRi saxelmwifos sazRvrebis farglebSi; sahaero

sivrce saqarTvelos saxelmwifos miwisa da wylis teri-

toriis zeviT.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos teritoriad iTvleba saqarT-

velos droSiT an amosacnobi niSniT saqarTvelos farglebs

gareT myofi sahaero Tu sazRvao xomaldi. aRniSnul xomal-

debze Tu Cadenili iqna danaSauli an sxva marTlsawinaaRm-

dego qmedeba, samarTalwarmoebis dros gamoyenebuli iqneba

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba,

Tu saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiTa da SeT-

anxmebiT sxva ram ar aris dadgenili. ra vigulisxmoT

kanonmdeblis am bolo gamonaTqvamSi. moviyvanoT aseTi

magaliTi: qarTuli gemi imyofeba TurqeTis navsadgurSi da

gemze moxda danaSauli. Tu saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis

saxelmwifoebs Soris dadebuli iqneba saerTaSoriso

xelSekruleba imis Taobaze, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi saqarT-

velos gemze danaSaulis Cadenisas gavrceldes mxolod

TurqeTis iurisdiqcia, gamoyenebuli iqneba TurqeTis sisx-

lis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba da ara saqarT-

velosi.

saerTod, unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-

marTlis kanoni aRiarebs ̀ sayovelTaobis~ anu ̀ suyvelgano-

bis~ princips. romlis mixedviTac qarTul gemze, romelic

imyofeba TurqeTis navsadgurSi da masze moxda danaSauli,

am qmedebis mimarT gavrceldeba rogorc saqarTvelos, aseve

TurqeTis iurisdiqcia. e.i. damnaSaves, Tavisi sisxlis sa-

marTlis kanonisa da saproceso kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebiT

gaasamarTlebs is saxelmwifo, romelsac xelSi Cauvardeba

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni1.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-

bloba SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ucxo saxelmwifos

teritoriazedac, Tu es gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba saerTa-

Soriso xelSekrulebiTa da SeTanxmebiT.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo teritoriad iTvleba, aseve

misi saelCos teritoria ucxo saxelmwifoSi, romelzedac

vrceldeba saqarTvelos iurisdiqcia. Tu, saqarTvelos

moqalaqe, romelic diplomatiuri imunitetiT sargeblobs,

agreTve sazRvargareT myofi misi ojaxis wevrebi Caidenen

danaSauls da nebayoflobiT ar daTanxmdebian adgilsamyo-

feli qveynis kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebaze, maTze gavrcel-

deba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-

bloba.

gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, Tu es gaTvaliswinebulia

saqarTvelosa da romelime ucxo saxelmwifos Soris dade-

buli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT an SeTanxmebiT, saqarT-

1 m. turava, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb., 2002

w. gv. 16.

112 113

velos teritoriaze ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlosa Tu

sagamoZiebo organoebis SuamdgomlobiT garkveuli sasa-

marTlo Tu sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis dros SeiZle-

ba gamoynebul iqnes ucxo saxelmwifos sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kanonmdebloba. amasTan unda gvaxsovdes, rom

sasamarTlo moqmdeba Catardeba saqarTvelos iusticiis

ministris davalebiT, xolo sagamoZiebo moqmedeba Sesrul-

deba saqarTvelos generaluri prokuroris an mis mier

saamiso uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili prokuroris

davalebiT.


moqmdeba ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqisa da moqmdeba ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqisa da

moqalaqeobis armqone pirTa mimarTmoqalaqeobis armqone pirTa mimarT

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoni vrceldeba

rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqeebze, ise ucxo saxelmwifos

moqalaqeebze da moqalaqeobis armqone pirebzec.

ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqeebidan unda gamovyoT is

pirebi da maTi ojaxis wevrebi, romlebic sargebloben

diplomatiuri imunitetiT. aseTi CamonaTvali mocemulia

saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv aqtebSi. maT Soris venis 1961

wlis saerTaSoriso konvenciaSi diplomatiur urTierTo-

baTa Sesaxeb, aseve venis 1962 wlis konvenciaSi sakonsulo

urTierTobaTa Sesaxeb, venis 1975 wlis konvenciaSi uni-

versaluri xasiaTis saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan saxelm-

wifoTa warmomadgenlobis Sesaxeb. aseTi uflebis matareb-

el pirebad SeiZleba davasaxeloT diplomatiuri warmo-

madgenlobis xelmZRvanelebi, elCebi, despanebi, saelCoTa

mrCevlebi, maTi ojaxis wevrebi, ucxo saxelmwifoTa me-

Taurebi sxva saxelmwifoSi oficialuri vizitiT yofnisas,

saparlamento da samTavrobo delegaciebis wevrebi da zo-

gierTi sxva. diplomatiuri imunitetis mqone pirebisa da

maTi ojaxis wevrebis mimarT saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-

Tlis saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso

moqmedeba tardeba mxolod maTi TxovniT an TanxmobiT.

dauSvebelia aRniSnul pirTa dakaveba, moyvana, dapatimreba.

saproceso moqmedebaTa Catarebis Sesaxeb Txovna an Tanx-

moba, diplomatiuri imunitetis mqone pirebisagan gamoTx-

ovil unda iqnes saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministros

meSveobiT. aseve, diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobis mier

dakavebul SenobaSi da teritoriaze daTvaliereba, Cxreka,

amoReba da sxva saproceso moqmedeba tardeba mxolod

diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobis meTauris TxovniT an Tanx-

mobiT, es Txovna an Tanxmoba gamoTxovil unda iqnes saqarT-

velos sagareo saqmeTa saministros meSveobiT. diplomati-

uri warmomadgenlobis mier dakavebul SenobaSi daTvaliere-

bis, Cxrekis, amoRebis Tu sxva saproceso moqmedebis

Catarebisas monawileobas unda iRebdes prokurori da

saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministros warmomadgeneli.

SevexeT ra ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqeTa diploma-

tiur imunitets saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kanonmdeblobis gavrcelebis kuTxiT, mizanSewonilia

aqve gamovyoT saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa garkveuli wre,

romlebic maRali Tanamdebobis gamo garkveuli privilegie-

biT sargebloben. am maRali Tanamdebobis pirebs miekuT-

vnebian: saqarTvelos prezidenti, saqarTvelos parlamentis

wevri, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevri,

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos wevri da saqarTvelos

sxva saerTo sasamarTlos mosamarTle, saqarTvelos kon-

trolis palatis Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos saxalxo dam-

114 115

cveli. aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis pirebis privilegiebiT

aRWurva ganpirobebulia imiT, rom uzrunvelyofili iqnes

saxelisuflebo Stos damoukidebloba, romlebsac isini

warmoadgenen, da aqedan gamomdinare Seiqmnas normaluri

pirobebi Sesabamisi saxelmwifo funqciis efeqturad ganx-

orcielebisaTvis. maRali Tanamdebobis pirebis privilegie-

biT aRWurva sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom Tu isini danaSauls

Caidenen dausjelni darCebian. aq saubaria aRniSnuli pire-

bis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis, da-

patimrebisa da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso iZulebis

sxva RonisZiebis gamoyenebis im gansakuTrebul wesze,

romelic gamokveTa kanonmdebelma saqarTvelos konstitu-

ciaSi, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kode-

qsSi da sxva kanonebSi.

ase magaliTad, saqarTvelos konstituciis 75-e muxli

SeniSnavs, rom: saqarTvelos prezidenti xelSeuvalia.

Tanamdebobaze yofnis dros ar SeiZleba misi dapatimreba

an sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micema. saqarTvelos

sssk-is 144-e muxlic dasZens, rom: saqarTvelos preziden-

tis dakaveba maSinac ki ar daiSveba, Tundac mas waaswron

danaSaulis Cadenisas an CadenisTanave. saqarTvelos prezi-

dentis xelSeuvalobis garantia ar niSnavs imas, rom Tu

igi Caidens danaSauls mas pasuxismgebloba ar daekisreba.

ra Tqma unda mas pasuxismgebloba daekisreba, magram saubar-

ia pasuxismgeblobis gansakuTrebul wesze, romelic gan-

sazRvrulia saqarTvelos konstituciis 63-e muxliT,

kerZod, Tu saqarTvelos prezidenti daarRvevs konstitu-

cias, Caidens danaSauls, misi Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis

sakiTxis aRZvris ufleba aqvs parlamentis sruli Semad-

genlobis aranakleb erT mesameds. sakiTxi daskvnisaTvis

gadaecema uzenaes sasamarTlos an sakonstitucio sasamarT-

los. Tu uzenaesma sasamarTlom Tavisi daskvniT daadas-

tura prezidentis qmedebaSi danaSaulis Semadgenlobis

arseboba, an sakonstitucio sasamarTlom-konstituciis

darRveva, daskvnis ganxilvis Semdeg parlamenti sruli

Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT iRebs gadawyvetilebas, rom

kenWisyraze daisvas impiCmentis wesiT Tanamdebobidan pr-

ezidentis gadayenebis sakiTxi. prezidenti impiCmentis

wesiT Tanamdebobidan gadayenebulad CaiTvleba, Tu am gad-

awyvetilebas mxari dauWira parlamentis sruli Semadgen-

lobis aranakleb orma mesamedma.

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrs, isic

Tavisi uflebamosilebis periodSi sargeblobs garkveuli

privilegiebiT. kerZod, Tu ar iqna saqarTvelos parlamen-

tis Tanxmoba, ar daiSveba parlamentis wevris dakaveba an

dapatimreba, misi binis, manqanis, samuSao adgilis an pi-

radi gaCxreka. gamonaklisia danaSaulis faqtze waswreba,

aseT SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos parlamentis wevri SeiZleba

dakavebul iqnes da wardgenili policiis dawesebulebaSi

an sxva samarTaldamcav organoSi. magram misi dakavebis

Taobaze dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos parlaments. Tu par-

lamenti ar miscems Tanxmobas parlamentis wevris dakave-

bis Taobaze, igi dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisufldes.

xelSeuxeblobis uflebiT sargeblobs mosamarTle. es

iqneba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos wevri, sakonsti-

tucio sasamarTlos wevri Tu saqarTvelos sxva saerTo

sasamarTlos mosamarTle mniSvneloba ara aqvs. ar daiS-

veba dasaxelebuli sasamarTlo rgolebis mosamarTleTa

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micema, dakaveba an dapa-

timreba, maTi binis, manqanis, samuSao adgilis an piradi

gaCxreka, Tu ar iqneba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos

wevrze da saerTo sasamarTlos mosamarTleze saqarTvelos

116 117

uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris Tanxmoba, xolo sa-

konstitucio sasamarTlos wevrze saqarTvelos sakonsti-

tucio sasamarTlos Tanxmoba. gamonaklisia mosamarTleTa

danaSaulis faqtze waswreba, aseT SemTxvevaSi dauyovnebliv

unda ecnobos Sesabamisad saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-

los Tavmjdomares an saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasa-

marTlos. Tu isini ar miscemen Tanxmobas dakavebuli an

gnebavT dapatimrebuli saqarTvelos uzanaesi sasamarTlos

wevri an saerTo sasamarTlos mosamarTle an/da sakonsti-

tucio sasamarTlos wevri dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisu-

fldes.

privilegiebiT sargebloben aseve saqarTvelos kontro-

lis palatis Tavmjdomare da saqarTvelos saxalxo dam-

cveli. maTzec iseTive wesebi vrceldeba, rogoric zemoT

dasaxelebul maRali Tanamdebobis pirebze. maTi dakavebis

an dapatimrebis Tu sxva saxis sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze Tanxmoba

miRebuli unda iyos saqarTvelos parlamentisagan.

Tavi IVTavi IV

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebis sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebis

cneba da sistemacneba da sistema

cnobilia, rom kanonebi legitimuria anu maT aqvT sa-

marTlebrivi Sinaarsi imdenad, ramdenadac isini pasuxoben

samarTlis principebis moTxovnebs. isini ubralo iuridiuli

ideebi ki ar aris, aramed samarTlisa da samarTlianobis

zogadsavaldebulo, obieqturad aucilebeli kriteriumebi.

`principi~ laTinuri sityvaa da ZiriTad debulebas,

sawyiss niSnavs. principebi garkveuli periodis manZilze

arsebobdnen Teoriulad gaucnobiereblad. droTa ganmav-

lobaSi isini gamoeyvnen samarTals rogorc gansazRvruli

iuridiuli ideebi da maTi ganmtkiceba moxda kanonSi sa-

marTlebrivi wanamZRvrebis saxiT. saTanado aRiarebis mop-

ovebis Semdeg aRniSnulma ideebma SeiZines SedarebiTi

damoukidebloba da amJamad warmoadgenen moqmedi kanonmde-

blobis Tavisebur barometrs.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi aris umniS-

vnelovanesi debulebebi, romlebic gansazRvraven procesis

mTel sistemas, misi stadiebis Sinaarsa da formas, mis

bunebasa da daniSnulebas. isini uzrunvelyofen samarTal-

warmoebis amocanebis warmatebiT gadawyvetas.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi SeiZleba gan-

isazRvros rogorc konstituciiTa da kanonebiT ganmtkice-

buli fuZemdebluri samarTlebrivi ideebi, romlebic gan-

sazRvraven rogorc mTeli procesis, aseve misi calkeuli

institutebis arssa da mniSvnelobas.

118 119

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebs axasiaTebs

garkveuli niSnebi: a) sisxlis samarTlis procesis princ-

ipebs aqvT obieqturi xasiaTi. maTSi asaxulia samarTlebri-

vi da zneobrivi ideebi, rac dominirebs sazogadoebaSi; b)

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi warmoadgenen

saxelmZRvanelo debulebebs. yvela maTgani savaldebuloa

procesis mwarmoebeli organosaTvis da samarTalwarmoe-

baSi monawile sxva pirebisaTvis. garda amisa, aRniSnuli

principebi warmoadgenen saxelmZRvanelos kanonmdeblisaT-

visac, radgan axali kanonis miRebisas kanonmdebeli valde-

bulia gaiTvaliswinos isini da uzrunvelyos axali kanonis

debulebebis Sesabamisoba am pripcipebTan; g) sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis principebi ganmtkicebulia kanonSi, maT

aqvT zusti formulireba da imperatiuli xasiaTi.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebis umravlesoba

mocemulia saqarTvelos konstituciaSi (amitom maT xSir-

ad konstituciur principebs uwodeben), saqarTvelos or-

ganul kanonSi saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb (ris gamoc

maT xSirad marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis principebs

uwodeben), saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsSi (amitom maT sisxlis samarTlis procesis princ-

ipebs uwodeben) da mTel rig saerTaSoriso-samarTlebriv

aqtebSi.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi qmnian erTian

sistemas. marTalia, yvela princips aqvs Tavisi Sinaarsi,

magram isini moqmedeben erTmaneTTan kavSirSi. TiToeuli

principi warmoadgens sxva principis ganxorcielebis ga-

rantias. isini xSirad erTmaneTs avseben da ganapirobeben.

am sistemaSi Sedis: kanoniereba da adamianis bunebiTi ufle-

bebi; sasamarTlo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba da damoukide-

bloba; Tanasworoba kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe;

udanaSaulobis prezumfcia; eWvmitanilis, braldebulisa

da gansasjelis dacvis uflebis uzrunvelyofa; pirovnebis

xelSeuxebloba, misi pativisa da Rirsebis dacva; piradi

cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba; sajarooba da dispoziciuroba;

sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiToba; saproceso

SeTanxmeba; sisxlis samarTlis procesis saqveynooba; sisx-

lis samarTlis procesis ena; saqmis garemoebTa yovelmxri-

vi, obieqturi da sruli gamokvleva; mtkicebulebaTa Se-

faseba Sinagani rwmeniT; sisxlis samarTlis procesis

uSualoba da zepiroba; saproceso moqmedebisa da gadaw-

yvetilebis gasaCivrebis Tavisufleba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom principebis roli yvelaze ufro re-

liefurad aris gamoxatuli SejibrebiT samarTalwarmoe-

baSi. aRniSnul sistemaSi Semavali principebi yvela ar aris

TanabarmniSvnelovani. arsebobs zogadsamarTlebrivi, uni-

versaluri tipologiuri da instituciuri principebi.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis procesis me-6 muxlis

Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis process safuZvlad udevs

kanonierebis, pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis, misi Rirsebis

pativiscemis, humanizmis, demokratiulobis, samarTliano-

bisa da Tanasworuflebianobis zogadsamarTlebrivi princ-

ipebi. dasaxelebuli zogadsamarTlebrivi principebidan,

SeiZleba iTqvas, gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia kanoniere-

bis princips, radgan igi warmoadgens sxva principebis

Sinaarsis ganmsazRvrels. kanonierebis cneba emTxveva sasa-

marTlo proceduris samarTlianobis moTxovnebs, warmoad-

gens erTgvar veqtors.

rac Seexeba universalur tipologiur sawyisebs isini

uSualod Seadgenen SejibrebiTobis arss. isini akontrole-

ben samarTalwarmoebis yvela institutebs da amitom maT-

Tvis gverdis axveva yovelTvis xdis process araSejibre-

120 121

biTs. aseT sawyisebs warmoadgens mosamarTleTa damoukide-

blobisa da mxareTa Tanasworobis principebi, eWvmitanilis,

braldebulis, dacvis uflebiT uzrunvelyofa. maT gareSe

samarTliani SejibrebiToba ubralod SeuZlebelia. magram

arian principebi, romlebic warmoiSobian tipologiuri

sawyisebisagan da maTi moqmedebis sfero SedarebiT Sez-

Rudulia. isini marTaven samarTalwarmoebis ara yvela

instituts, aramed mxolod calkeul maTgans. isini Sei-

Zleba davaxasiaToT rogorc samarTalwarmoebis instituci-

uri principebi. maT miekuTvneba: sasamarTlo ganxilvis

uSualoba da zepiroba; mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba Sinagani

rwmeniT. rac Seexeba SejibrebiTobis princips, igi war-

moadgens sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela principis

zogad, saerTo safuZvels. SejibrebiToba principi ar aris

mxolod, aramed es aris samarTalwarmoebis tipi. amitom

procesis yvela princips aqvs SejibrebiTi Sinaarsi an

ganicdis mis gavlenas.

ganvixiloT sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebi

cal-calke.

1. kanoniereba da adamianis bunebiTi uflebebi.1. kanoniereba da adamianis bunebiTi uflebebi.

kanoniereba aris universaluri zogadsamarTlebrivi

principi. igi gulisxmobs saxelmwifo organoebis, sazoga-

doebrivi, kerZo, komerciuli, kooperatiuli organizacie-

bis, Tanamdebobis pirebisa da calkeuli moqalaqeebis mier

saqarTvelos konstituciis, sxva kanonebis da kanonqvemde-

bare aqtebis ganuxrel Sesrulebas.

kanonierebis principis Sinaarsi moicavs kanonis uzen-

aesobas da savaldebulobas. Tavis mxriv, kanonis uzenae-

sobis uzrunvelyofa saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi cx-

ovrebis yvela sferoSi SesaZlebelia mxolod da mxolod

kanonierebis principis Tanmimdevruli gatarebis pirobeb-

Si.

zogadsamarTlebrivi mniSvnelobis garda mocemuli

principi sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi specifikuri sapro-

ceso Sinaarsis matarebelia. danaSaulis gaxsna, braleuli

piris mxileba, mis mimarT samarTliani sasjelis daniSvna,

udanaSaulo piris msjavrdebis dauSvebloba, moqalaqeTa

uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva sisxlis samarTal-

warmoebaSi SesaZlebelia mxolod da mxolod kanonierebis

principis umkacresi dacvis pirobebSi.

aRniSnuli principi ganmtkicebulia saqarTvelos sssk

me-7 muxlSi da misi arsi gamoixateba moTxovnaSi zustad

da ganuxrelad iyos Sesrulebuli saqarTvelos konsti-

tucia, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi da sxva

kanonebi gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis, fizikuri

da iuridiuli pirebis da sisxlis samarTlis procesis

sxva monawileTa mier.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo

ganxilvis wesi dadgenilia saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da

saproceso kanonmdeblobiT. aRniSnuli wesi saqarTvelos

mTel teritoriaze erTiani da savaldebuloa procesis

yvela monawilisaTvis. kanoni ara mxolod avaldebulebs

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis monawileebs, procesis mwar-

moebel organos daicvan kanonis moTxovnebi, aramed miu-

TiTebs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul pasuxismgeblobazec da

ukanono saproceso aqtis gauqmebaze saqarTvelos konsti-

tuciisa da saproceso kanonmdeblobis darRvevis SemTx-

vevaSi.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi kanonierebis principi

ufro konkretulad gulisxmobs procesis mwarmoebeli

organos Tanamdebobis pirTa movaleobas saqmis warmoebisas

122 123

ganuxrelad daicvan kanonis moTxovnebi procesis nebismier

stadiaze, saproceso moqmedebebi ganaxorcielon kanonis

safuZvelze da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso for-

miT, TavianT gadawyvetilebebs safuZvlad daudon materi-

aluri da saproceso kanonis normebi, ar gadauxvion kanonis

moTxovnas saproceso iZulebiTi RonisZiebis Sefardebisas,

mtkiced daicvan mtkicebulebaTa Sekrebisa da damagrebis

saproceso wesi, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisas ar

dauSvan kanonis darRveviT mopovebuli mtkicebulebebis

gamoyeneba.

winaswar gamoZiebaSi kanonierebis principis dacva, up-

irveles yovlisa, gulisxmobs danaSaulis swraf da srul

gaxsnas, braleuli piris mxilebas, mis micemas pasuxisge-

baSi braldebulis saxiT, yvela saWiro saproceso moqmede-

bis Catarebas mtkicebulebaTa Sekrebisa da gamokvlevis

mizniT, konkretul pirTa cnobas dazaralebulad, samo-

qalaqo mosarCeled, samoqalaqo mopasuxed, maTTvis ufle-

ba-movaleobebis ganmartebas da am ufleba-movaleobaTa

realizaciis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofas.

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisas kanonierebis prin-

cipis dacva gulisxmobs sasamarTlos mier saqmeTa ganxil-

vas kanonis safuZvelze da kanonis Sesabamisad. cxadia, am

moTxovnis Sesrulebis gareSe saerTod marTlmsajulebis

ganxorcielebaze saubari zedmetia. am principis dacviT

xorcieldeba saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgena da kanonieri,

dasabuTebuli, samarTliani gadawyvetilebis gamotana.

kanonierebis principidan gamomdinare saqarTvelos

saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb organuli kanonis me-7

muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle miva

im daskvnamde, rom mis mier gamosayenebeli saproceso

kanoni arakonstituciuria, igi uflebamosilia SeaCeros

saqmis ganxilva da mimarTos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis arakonstituciurad

cnoba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos prerogativaa. sisxlis

samarTlebrivi devna sasamarTloSi Cerdeba sakonstitucio

sasamarTlos mier saboloo gadawvetilebis miRebamde.

maraTalia, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi

aregulirebs saproceso samarTlebriv urTierTobebs, magram

ar aris gamoricxuli praqtikaSi aRmoCndes iseTi urTier-

Toba,. romelic ar aris mowesrigebuli saproceso normebiT.

am SemTxvevaSi kanoni uSvebs analogiis gamoyenebas, Tu amiT

ar ilaxeba adamianis uflebebi. amasTan saqarTvelos ssskð_

133-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad analogiis gamoyeneba

ar daiSveba sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi iZulebis

RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebisas. sakiTxis amgvari gadawyveta

kanonmdeblis mier savsebiT marTebulia, radgan saproceso

kanonmdeblobiT zogjer izRudeba adamianis bunebiTi ufle-

bebi. aRniSnuli SezRudvebi zustad aris dadgenili kanoniT

da kanoniTvea gansazRvruli maTi gamoyenebis wesi. amitom

metad mniSvnelovania adamianis konstituciuri uflebebisa

da Tavisuflebebis SezRudva ganxorcieldes saproceso

kanonis umkacresi dacvis pirobebSi.

danaSaulis gaxsna da braleul pirTa mxileba sisxlis

samarTlis procesSi xorcieldeba mtkicebulebebis meSveo-

biT, romlebic kanoniT dadgenili wesiT aris mopovebuli.

kanonis darRveviT miRebul mtkicebulebebs ki iuridiuli

Zala ara aqvs. kanonis darRveviT miRebulad iTvleba mt-

kicebulebebi, romlebic mopovebulia im piris mier, visac

ara aqvs uflebamosileba Sekribos isini, aseve Tu mtkice-

bulebebi miRebulia kanoniT gauTvaliswinebeli wyarodan,

an miRebulia ZaladobiT, muqariT, motyuebiT, SantaJis da

sxva ukanono meTodebis gamoyenebiT. aseTi gziT mopovebu-

124 125

li mtkicebulebebi dauSveblad miiCneva.

kanonierebis principi sisxlis samarTlis procesis sxva

principebTan imyofeba zogadisa da kerZos TanafardobaSi.

yvela principi da TiToeuli cal-calke emsaxureba kanonie-

rebis pirdapir da uSualod uzrunvelyofas da TiToeuli

principis darRveva warmoadgens (gulisxmobs) kanonierebis

principis darRvevas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kanoniereba yov-

lismomcveli principia da mas gansakuTrebuli adgili

ukavia sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi moqmed zogadsamarT-

lebriv principebs Soris.

2. sasamarTlo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba da damoukide-2. sasamarTlo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba da damoukide-

bloba.bloba.

sasamarTlo xelisufleba saxelmwifo xelisuflebis

erT-erTi saxea. igi xorcieldeba konstituciuri kontro-

lis, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis da kanoniT dadge-

nili sxva formebis meSveobiT.

sasamarTlo xelisufleba gamoxatavs saxelmwifos nebas.

radganac saxelmwifo xelisuflebis wyaroa xalxi (saqarT-

velos konstituciis me-5 muxli), sasamarTlo xelisufle-

ba aris xalxis suverenuli nebis gamoxatuleba. sasamarT-

lo asrulebs saxelisuflebo uflebamosilebas. mas gad-

awyvetileba gamoaqvs saqarTvelos saxeliT. sasamarTlo

xelisuflebis konstituciuri roli vlindeba iuridiuli

xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi, gansxvavebiT politikuri

xelisuflebisagan, romelsac ganasaxiereben xelisuflebis

danarCeni ganStoebebi. sasamarTlo xelisufleba sakanonm-

deblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis winaSe angariS-

valdebuli ar aris. saqarTvelos konstituciis 82-e mux-

lis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo xelisufleba damoukidebelia

da mas axorcieleben mxolod sasamarTloebi.

sasamarTlos xelisuflebis uflebamosilebaSi Sedis

saxelmwifo organoTa da Tanamdebobis pirTa gadawyvetile-

bebisa da moqmedebebis kanonierebasa da dasabuTebulobaze

kontroli sasamarTloSi maTi gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi. cx-

adia, sasamarTlo kontroli xorcieldeba winaswar gamoZie-

baSic sxvadasxva formiT. kerZod, mxolod mosamarTlis

gadawyvetilebiT aris SesaZlebeli winaswar gamoZiebaSi

piris mimarT iseTi sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi

iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba, romlebic zRudaven piris

konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs. sasamarTlo

kontrolis erT-erT formas warmoadgens aseve gamoZiebis

an prokuroris moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebis kanonierebis

Semowmeba maTi sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi.

sasamarTlo xelisuflebis umTavresi funqcia marTlm-

sajulebis ganxorcielebaa. mas axorcieleben saerTo sasa-

marTloebi. swored isini arian uflebamosilni damnaSaved

scnon piri da dauniSnon mas sasjeli, xolo marTlsawi-

naaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni piris mimarT gamoiyenon samedi-

cino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZieba.

sasamarTlo xelisuflebis damoukidebloba uzrunve-

lyofilia marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis kanoniT

dadgenili saproceso formiT, rac niSnavs imas, rom mar-

Tlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis TviT proceduram unda

uzrunvelyos mosamarTlis Tavisufleba nebismieri zemoq-

medebis da zegavlenis miuxedavad. sasamarTlo ganxilvis

saproceso wesebis dacva uzrunvelyofs sasamarTlo gad-

awyvetilebaTa kanonierebas, dasabuTebulobas da samar-

Tlianobas, procesis monawileTa uflebebisa da interese-

bis dacvas. arc erT saxelmwifo organos da Tanamdebobis

pirs ufleba ara aqvs zedamxedveloba gauwios sasamarTlos

da mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas. sasamarTlo gadaw-

126 127

yvetilebis gauqmeba, Secvla an SeCereba SesaZlebelia mx-

olod sasamarTlo wesiT.

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 1994 wlis

13 oqtombers miRebuli mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis,

efeqtianobisa da rolis Sesaxeb N 12 rekomendaciis Tanax-mad, amnistiis, Sewyalebis an msgavsi SemTxvevebis garda

xelisuflebas an administracias ar unda SeeZlos raime

iseTi gadawyvetilebis miReba, romelic gauqmebs sasamarT-

los gadawyvetilebas ukuZaliT.

saqarTvelos sssk me-8 muxlis Tanaxmad, mosamarTle

damoukidebelia da emorCileba mxolod saqarTvelos kon-

stituciasa da kanonebs.

mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba SesaZlebelia maTi mx-

olod kanonisadmi damorCilebis pirobebSi. saqmis ganxil-

visas wamoWril yvela sakiTxs mosamarTle wyvets mxolod

kanonis safuZvelze, Sinagani rwmenis Tanaxmad, romelic

mas uyalibdeba saqmis garemoebebis srulyofili, yovelmxri-

vi da obieqturi gamokvlevisa da mtkicebulebaTa Sefase-

bis Sedegad. mosamarTle ar aris damokidebuli winaswar

gamoZiebaSi gamomZieblisa da prokuroris mier gakeTebul

daskvnebze, iseve rogorc ar aris damokidebuli saqmis

ganxilvisas mxareTa mier gamoTqmul mosazrebebze.

sasamarTlo xelisuflebis damoukidebloba gansazRvravs

sxvadasxva instanciis sasamarTloSi mosamarTleTa urT-

ierTdamokidebulebas. I instanciis sasamarTlo ar aris

damokidebuli sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlos daskvnebze,

roca uzenaesi sasamarTlo abrunebs saqmes xelaxali sasa-

marTlo ganxilvisaTvis. igi damoukidebelia ara mxolod

mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis, aramed sisxlis samarTlis

kanonis gamoyenebisa da sasjelis daniSvnis sakiTxSic.

sakiTxis sxvagvari gadawyveta gamoiwvevda zemdgomi sasa-

marTlos gadawyvetilebisaTvis normatiuli aqtis Zalis

miniWebas.

mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba unda iyos uzrunvelyo-

fili ara mxolod instituciurad, garedan Carevis akrZal-

viT, aramed Signidan personaluri Tavisuflebis garantie-

biT. sasamarTlo kolegiis yoveli mosamarTle gadaw-

yvetilebis miRebisas uflebamosilia Tavisuflad gamoxatos

Tavisi mosazreba yvela gansaxilvel sakiTxze. miRebul

gadawyvetilebasTan uTanxmoebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia gamox-

atos Tavisi gansakuTrebuli azri werilobiT da daurTos

saqmes. mosamarTle Tu Rebulobda monawileobas erT in-

stanciaSi igive saqmis ganxilvisas mas ufleba ara aqvs

monawileoba miiRos sxva instanciaSi, radgan is ar unda

iyos SeboWili sakuTari STabeWdilebebiT, mis mier adre

gamoxatuli mosazrebebiT am saqmis gamo.

sasamarTlo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba da damoukide-

bloba marTlmsajulebis samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofis

winapirobaa. misi Sinaarsi Rrmad demokratiuli, zneobrivi

da humanuria. mosamarTlem gadawyvetileba unda miiRos

kanonisa da Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze, miukerZoeblad

saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze dayrdnobiT.

am principis Sesruleba SeuZliaT mosamarTleebs, rom-

lebic gamoirCevian maRali profesionalizmiT da gansa-

kuTrebuli zneobriv-fsiqologiuri TvisebebiT _ simam-

aciT, xasiaTis simtkiciT, samarTlianobis maRali grZnobiT,

sakuTari damoukideblobis gacnobierebiT, raTa win aR-

udgnen nebismier zemoqmedebas da TavianTi movaleoba Sea-

srulon ise, rogorc amis moiTxovs kanoni da Sinagani

sindisis xma.

mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis garantiebi gansaz-

Rvrulia saqarTvelos konstituciiT, organuli kanoniT

128 129

saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb, organuli kanoniT ùzen-

aesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~.

mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba garantirebulia mosa-

marTleTa korpusis formirebisa da maTi ganTavisuflebis

gansakuTrebuli wesiT; mosamarTleTa xelSeuxeblobiT;

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi Carevis akrZalviT;

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis kanoniT dadgenili pro-

ceduriT; sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis miRebis saidumloe-

bis da misi gaxmaurebis dauSveblobis dacviT; mosa m a rTleTa

upativcemulobis gamo pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebiT; mosa-

marTleTa maRali statusis Sesabamisi materialuri da

socialuri uzrunvelyofiT; mosamarTleTa usafrTxoebis

saxelmwifo dacviT; mosamarTleTa saqmianobisaTvis aucile-

beli organizaciul-teqnikuri da sainformacio pirobebis

SeqmniT; mosamarTleTa TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis

sistemiT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom SemuSavebulia sasamarTlo reformis

koncefcia, sadac miTiTebulia, rom konstituciaSi unda

aisaxos sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli Stoebis formire-

bis, marTvis, uflebamosilebis Sewyvetisa da sxva sakiTx-

ebis msgavsad mosamarTleTa Seucvlelobis principi, sasa-

marTlo xelisuflebis marTvis organos iusticiis umaR-

lesi sabWos Seqmnis wesi da funqciebi, sasamarTlo wyo-

bilebis Secvlis safuZvlebi, mosamarTleTa finansuri

uzrunvelyofisa da sasamarTloTa finansuri damoukide-

blobis garantiebi.

3) Tanasworoba kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe3) Tanasworoba kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe

es principi zogadsamarTlebrivi principia. igi ganmt-

kicebulia konstituciis me-14 muxlSi, romlis Tanaxmadac

yvela adamiani dabadebiT Tavisufalia da kanonis winaSe

Tanasworia ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqe-

sisa, religiisa, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebisa,

erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebisa, warmo-

Sobisa, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacxovrebeli

adgilisa.

aRniSnuli principi moqmedebs srulad sisxlis samar-

TalwarmoebaSi. marTalia, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi ar

arsebobs pirovnebis erTiani statusi. saqmeSi monawile

TiToeul pirs aqvs gansazRvruli saproceso statusi da

igi ganisazRvreba ara qonebrivi, socialuri da sxva faq-

torebiT, aramed imis mixedviT Tu romeli subieqtis

uflebebiT aris is aRWurvili, anu ra ufleba-movaleobe-

bis matarebelia, kerZod, braldebulis, dazaralebulis,

damcvelis, mowmis da a.S.

kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis principis

saerTaSoriso bazas warmoadgens adamianis uflebaTa dacvis

sayovelTao deklaraciis me-7 da me-8 muxlebi, romlebic

faqtobrivad asaxulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-

eqsis me-9 muxlis SinaarsSi. am muxlis pirveli nawilis

Tanaxmad, yvela Tanasworia kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe.

rasis, erovnebis, enis, sqesis, socialuri warmoSobis,

qonebrivi da Tanamdebobrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli

adgilis, religiisadmi damokidebulebis, rwmenis, agreTve

sxva garemoebebis miuxedavad.

sxva garemoebebSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT politikuri

da sxva Sexedulebebi, eTnikuri kuTvnileba, wodebrivi

mdgomareoba da a.S.

rogorc vxedavT, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi kanon-

isa da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis principis arsi

gamoixateba imaSi, rom arc qonebrivi da Tanamdebobrivi

mdgomareoba, arc ganaTleba, arc regiliisadmi damokideb-

130 131

uleba ar qmnian araviTar privilegias an safuZvels saqme-

Si monawile arc erTi piris diskriminaciisaTvis da gav-

lenas ar axdenen saqmis msvlelobaze.

procesis yvela subieqti Tanasworia kanonis winaSe.

TiToeul maTgans Tavisi saproceso mdgomareobis farg-

lebSi aqvs SesaZlebloba isargeblos kanoniT gaTval-

iswinebuli saproceso uflebebiT da Seasrulos dakisre-

buli movaleobebi. im pirebs, romlebsac ama Tu im gare-

moebis gamo ara aqvT sxvebis Tanabari SesaZlebloba ganax-

orcielon TavianTi uflebebi, kanoni maTTvis adgens

damatebiT garantiebs, magaliTad, damcvelis savaldebulo

monawileobis, Tarjimnis monawileobis garantiebs da a.S.

kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis principi

dakavSirebulia sasamarTlosa da samarTlis erTianobis

Sesaxeb debulebasTan. saxelmwifoSi ar arsebobs sasa-

marTlo, romelic privilegias mianiWebda calkeuli kat-

egoriis pirebs an kidev maT diskriminaciaze iqneboda da-

fuZnebuli. kanonis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo sistema erTiania.

yvela moqalaqisaTvis erTi da igive sasamarTlo da aseve

erTiani kanonmdebloba arsebobs, romelic yvelas mimarT

Tanabrad gamoiyeneba.

aRniSnuli principis Sesabamisad, sisxlis samarTal-

warmoebis procesis yvela subieqti Cayenebulia Tanabar

pirobebSi da aqvT erTnairi SesaZlebloba daicvan TavianTi

uflebebi da interesebi gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi. am

principis dacvis gareSe SeuZlebelia kanonierebis uzrun-

velyofa, samarTliani da dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis

miReba.

kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe yvelas Tanasworoba

gulisxmobs imasac, rom yvela procesis monawile valde-

bulia daicvas sisxlis samarTlis kanoni da misi darRve-

visaTvis ikisros pasuxismgebloba. pasuxisgebaSi micema ki

xdeba yvelasaTvis saerTo-saproceso wesebis dacviT. magram

am saerTo wesidan arsebobs gamonaklisi. sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxisgebaSi micemis, dapatimrebis da sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso iZulebis sxva RonisZiebis gamoyenebis gansa-

kuTrebuli wesi gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos konstituciiT,

saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiTa da SeTanx-

mebebiT, saproceso kanoniT da sxva kanonebiT.

aRniSnuli gansakuTrebuli wesi vrceldeba saqarTvelos

prezidentis, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevris, uzen-

aesi sasamarTlos wevrisa da sxva saerTo sasamarTlos

mosamarTlis, kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomaris, saxalxo

damcvelis, generaluri prokuroris, diplomatiuri imu-

nitetis mqone piris, aseve sisxlis samarTlis saerTa-

Soriso sasamarTlos im warmomadgenlis mimarT, romelic

Tavisi uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebisas sisxlis samar-

Tlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis Sesabamisad

sargeblobs imunitetiT.

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis gansakuTreb-

uli wesi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dasaxelebuli Tanamde-

bobis pirebi xelSeuxeblobis uflebiT sargebloben da

maTi pasuxisgebaSi micemisaTvis saWiroa saTanado organos

an Tanamdebobis piris Tanxmoba. es garemoeba ar niSnavs

aRniSnul pirTa mimarT privilegiis dawesebas, aramed war-

moadgens garantias maTi saqmianobis warmatebiT ganxor-

cielebisaTvis.

kanonis Tanaxmad, dauSvebelia aRniSnul pirTa mier

privilegiebisa da imunitetis gamoyeneba sisxlis samarT-

lebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavis asarideblad.

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Semdeg maTze

vrceldeba erTiani materialuri da saproceso kanonmde-

132 133

bloba.

4) udanaSaulobis prezumfcia4) udanaSaulobis prezumfcia. es principi asaxulia

saqarTvelos konstituciaSi, sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kodeqsSi, saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv dokumentebSi,

kerZod, adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi,

samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso

paqtSi, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropul konvenciaSi.

udanaSaulobis prezumfciis sakanonmdeblo formuli-

reba aseTia: braldebuli udanaSaulod iTvleba manam,

sanam mis mier danaSaulis Cadena ar damtkicdeba kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT da ar dadgindeba kanonier ZalaSi

Sesuli sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT (sssk me-10

muxli, I naw).am normaSi xazgasmulia trivialuri debuleba, rom

sasamarTloa erTaderTi organo, romelic uflebamosilia

cnos piris damnaSaved da rom piris damnaSaved cnoba

SesaZlebelia erTaderTi saproceso aqtiT _ sasamarTlos

gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT. arc erTi saxelmwifo organo da

arc erTi Tanamdebobis piri ar aris uflebamosili gan-

sazRvros da daadginos piris braleuloba. es mxolod

sasamarTlos prerogativaa.

udanaSaulobis prezumfcia ar aris procesis mwarmoe-

beli ama Tu im organos Tanamdebobis piris piradi Sexed-

uleba, subieqturi mosazreba, aramed warmoadgens obieqtur

samarTlebriv debulebas. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, rom-

lebmac braldeba warudgines pirs, cxadia, Tvlian mas

braleulad. mxolod kanoni Tvlis mas arabraleulad,

udanaSaulod.

termini `prezumfcia~ pirobiTi xasiaTisaa. igi laTi-

nuri sityvaa da niSnavs varauds, gulvebas. igi gulisxmobs

winaswar dadgenil debulebas, romelic moqmedebs manam,

sanam ar iqneba damtkicebuli sawinaaRmdego.

Tanamedrove periodSi ̀ prezumfcias~, ̀ varaudi~, nakle-

bad Seesabameba , radgan `kanoni Tvlis~ da ara

varaudobs~.1

udanaSaulobis prezumfciidan gamomdinare samarTlebri-

vad da zneobrivad dauSvebelia publikaciebi da masobrivi

informaciis saSualebebiT gamosvlebi, sadac braldebuli

wodebulia damnaSaved, xolo winaswari gamoZiebis monace-

mebi miCneulia rogorc saboloo.

udanaSaulobis prezumfciis mixedviT aravin ar aris

valdebuli amtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba. braldebis mt-

kicebis tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels. bralmdebels ufle-

ba aqvs uari Tqvas braldebaze (sssk me-10 muxlis me-2

naw). aRniSnuli debulebidan gamomdinare braldebuli ar

aris valdebuli moiZios da warmoadginos mtkicebulebebi,

romlebic uaryofen mis mier danaSaulis Cadenas an mis

monawileobas danaSaulis CadenaSi. aseTi mtkicebulebebis

mopoveba mxolod uflebaa misi da ara movaleoba. Tu bral-

debuli ver warmoadgens misi braldebis gamomricxav faq-

tobriv monacemebs, es srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom igi

damnaSavea. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, romlebmac moaxdines

braldebis formulireba da warudgines igi braldebuls,

swored isini arian valdebulni amtkicon kidec bralde-

bulis mier danaSaulis Cadena. amasTan, prokurori sasa-

marTloSi Tu mivida im daskvnamde, rom warmodgenili

mtkicebulebebi ar aris sakmarisi braldebis dasamtkice-

blad, kanoni mas aZlevs uflebas uari Tqvas braldebaze

da aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo wyvets saqmis warmoebas

1 Êàñóìîâ ×.Ñ. Ïðåçóìïöèÿ íåâèíîâíîñòè â ñîâåòñêîì ïðàâå, Áàêó, 1984, ñ. 21-22.

134 135

an gamoaqvs gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni.

aRsaniSnavia, rom braldebis mxares akisria ara marto

braldebis mtkicebis tvirTi, aramed dacvis mxaris das-

abuTebis uaryofis tvirTic. cxadia, aq saubaria dacvis

mxaris safuZvliani argumentebisa da dasabuTebis uaryo-

faze.

amasTan erTad, saproceso kanoni iTvaliswinebs mtkice-

bis tvirTis e.w. specialur saxes. mtkicebulebaTa dauS-

veblobis Sesaxeb dacvis mxaris mier dayenebuli Suamdgom-

lobis ganxilvisas dacvis mxaris mier warmodgenili

mosazrebebis uaryofis tvirTi awevs prokurors, rac See-

sabameba saerTo wess. magram sxva SemTxvevaSi mtkicebis

tvirTi awevs im mxares, romelmac Suamdgomloba ganacxada.

magaliTad, dacvis mxare Tu daayenebs Suamdgomlobas aRkve-

Tis RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, manve unda amtkicos

gauqmebis safuZvlebis arseboba anu mtkicebis tvirTi am

SemTxvevaSi akisria dacvis mxares.

udanaSaulobis prezumfciis Sinaarsi Seicavs aseve

metad mniSvnelovan debulebas. kerZod, mtkicebulebaTa

Sefasebis dros warmoSobili yovelgvari eWvi, romelic

ar dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes

braldebulis (msjavrdebulis) sasargeblod.

cnobilia, rom mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba xdeba maTi

dasaSvebobis, Sesaxebobis, sakmarisobis da sarwmunoobis

gaTvaliswinebiT. Tu braldebulis braldeba utyuari mt-

kicebulebebiT ar dasturdeba da misi udanaSaulobis Ses-

axeb mtkicebis procesSi gaCndeba eWvi, igi unda iyos

gamoyenebuli ara braldebulis sazianod, aramed mis

sasargeblod, radgan gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni ar SeiZleba

efuZnebodes varauds, albaTobas, eWvebs. igi unda iyos

damyarebuli mxolod da mxolod erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul

utyuar mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobaze.

udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da misi ganxorcielebis

garantiebi TiTqmis yvela demokratiuli saxelmwifos

kanonmdeblobaSia asaxuli. igi sisxlis samarTlis proce-

sis qvakuTxedia da amave dros adamianis uflebebis da

Tavisuflebebis dacvis myari garanti1.

5) eWvmitanilis, braldebulisa da gansasjelis dacvis 5) eWvmitanilis, braldebulisa da gansasjelis dacvis

uflebis uzrunvelyofa.uflebis uzrunvelyofa.

eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis, dacvis ufle-

ba _ es aris uflebaTa erTgvari kompleqsi, rac ki maT

gaaCniaT procesSi, radgan ufleba misces Cveneba, warmoadgi-

nos mtkicebulebebi, aRZras Suamdgomloba da a.S. emsaxureba

braldebulis dacvas sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnisagan.

dacvis uflebis uzrunvelyofa sisxlis samarTlis

procesis fundamenturi principia. saqarTvelos konsti-

tuciis 42-e muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, dacvis ufle-

ba garantirebulia. swored am uflebaSi naTlad aris

gamoxatuli marTlmsajulebisa da pirovnebis interesebis

urTierTkavSiri. Tu braldebuls ar Caudenia danaSauli,

maSin dacvis ufleba xels uwyobs misTvis wayenebuli

braldebis uaryofas. xolo Tu is braleulia, maSin dacvis

ufleba xels uwyobs misi pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubeqebeli

garemoebebis gamovlenas. amiT xorcieldeba marTlmsa-

julebis amocanebis uzrunvelyofa-braleulTa mxileba da

1 qarTvel samarTalmcodneebs Soris dRemde ar aris erTsulovneba udana-

Saulobis prezumfciis dasaxelebaze. mecnierTa nawili mas arabraleulobis

prezumfcias uwodebs. aRniSnul sakiTxze ixileT: g. naWyepia, danaSaulis Se-

madgenloba, rogorc arabraleulobis prezumfciis safuZveli, J. `samarTali~,

1992, N 8-9. a. SuSanaSvili, udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, saiubileo krebuli,

givi inwkirveli _ 70, Tb., 1996; a. kaxniaSvili, udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da

misi ganxorcielebis garantiebi sasamarTlomdel stadiebze, Tb., 1998.

136 137

samarTliani dasja, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi ar-

abraleulTa micemisa da dasjis dauSvebloba.

dacvis ufleba moqmedebas iwyebs konkretuli piris

eWvmitanilis saxiT dakavebis an braldebulis dapatimre-

bis momentidan da igi mTavrdeba saproceso saqmianobis da

Sesabamisi saproceso urTierTobis damTavrebasTan erTad.

dacvis uflebiT uzrunvelyofis principi realizdeba

Semdeg formebSi: a) dacvis ganxorcieleba uSualod eWvmi-

tanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis mier. aRniSnuli

pirebi uflebamosilni arian TviTon, uSualod daicvan Tavi

wardgenili braldebisagan da amisaTvis gamoiyenon kanoniT

miniWebuli uflebebi, kerZod, miscen Cveneba an uari Tqvan

masze, waradginon mtkicebulebebi, ganacxadon acileba,

aRZran Seumdgomloba, monawileoba miiRos gansasjelma

sasamarTlo kamaTSi da gaasaCivros sasamarTlos gadaw-

yvetileba;

b) dacvis ganxorcieleba damcvelis mier. dakavebis an

dapatimrebisTanave dasacav pirs ganemarteba sxva ufle-

bebTan erTad damcvelis ayvanis ufleba. damcveli moi-

wveva braldebulis an misi axloblebisa da naTesavebis

mier misi TxovniT. braldebuls ufleba aqvs hqondes Sex-

vedra damcvelTan pirispir pirvel dakiTxvamde, pirveli

dakiTxvis Semdeg Sexvedrebis raodenobisa da drois miuxe-

davad garda kanoniT dadgenili gamonaklisi SemTxvevisa,

rac eWvmitanils exeba (sssk 73-e muxlis qvepunqti);

g) gamomZiebeli, prokurori, sasamarTlo movaleni arian

miiRon zomebi damcvelis monawileobis uzrunvelsayofad

advokatTa gaerTianebis meSveobiT daniSvniT an iZulebiTi

dacvis arsebobisas. procesis mwarmoebeli organo valde-

bulia dasacav pirs ganumartos uflebebi, misces SesaZle-

bloba daicvas Tavi kanoniT nebadarTuli yvela saSualebiT,

uzrunvelyos misi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva.

garda amisa, dacvis uflebis uzrunvelyofis principi

moicavs e.w. dacvis saproceso garantiebs, rac kanonSia

mocemuli. aseT garantiebs warmoadgens: udanaSaulobis

prezumfcia, romlis mixedviTac braldebis mtkicebis

tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels da yovelgvari eWvi gani-

marteba braldebulis sasargeblod; kanonis darRveviT

mopovebuli mtkicebulebebis dauSveblad miCneva; sauaresod

Semobrunebis dauSvebloba, saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT

sasamarTlos ganaCenis gasaCivrebis Tavisufleba da a.S.

saqarTvelos sssk me-11 muxlis, II naw. Tanaxmad, dacvis uflebiT unda iyos uzrunvelyofili eWvmitanilis, bral-

debulis, gansasjelis garda piri, romlis mimarTac war-

moebs saqme samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis

gamosayeneblad, agreTve msjavrdebuli gamamarTlebeli

ganaCenis an sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileb-

is gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi.

iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom

dacvis uflebiT unda iyos uzrunvelyofili ara mxolod

dasaxelebuli pirebi, aramed yvela is piri, romlebic jer

ar imyofebian eWvmitanilis an braldebulis statusSi, mag.

piri gamoZaxebulia mowmis saxiT dasakiTxad, sacxovrebel

binaSi tardeba Cxreka da a.S.1 ver daveTanxmebiT avtors,

radgan dacva sWirdeba mxolod da mxolod eWvmitanils

da braldebuls, anu pirs, romlis mimarTac ukve arsebobs

eWvi an braldeba danaSaulis CadenaSi da maT upirispird-

eba dacva, anu dacva aris sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis

sawinaaRmdego funqcia, xolo yvela sxva danarCen pirebs

sWirdebaT iuridiuli daxmarebis gaweva, romlebsac maT

1 Смирнва А.В., Êàëèíîâñêèé – Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ, Ì., 2005, ñòð. 83.

138 139

aRmouCenT advokati.

damcveli movalea gamoavlinos braldebulis bralis

gamamarTlebeli an misi pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli

garemoebebi da amisaTvis gamoiyenos kanoniT gaTvaliswineb-

uli yvela saSualeba da xerxi. damcvelis monawileoba

procesSi ar uzRudavs dasacav pirs mis kuTvnil uflebebs.

mas aqvs ufleba damcvelis monawileobis paralelurad

uSualod TviTon daicvas Tavi wardgenili braldebisagan

da amisaTvis gamoiyenos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela

saproceso ufleba.

dacvis uflebiT uzrunvelyofis pricnipi moqmedebs

sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela stadiaze. igi warmoad-

gens kanonieri da dasabuTebuli ganaCenis gamotanis wina-

pirobas. aRniSnuli principis ignorireba warmoadgens

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis arsebiT darRvevas,

rac iwvevs ganaCenis gauqmebas.

6) pirovnebis xelSeuxebloba,6) pirovnebis xelSeuxebloba, misi pativisa da Rirse-

bis dacva. es principi ganmtkicebulia mTel rig saerTa-

Soriso samarTlebriv aqtebSi. kerZod: adamianis uflebaTa

sayovelTao deklaraciis me-3 muxli adgens: `yovel adami-

ans aqvs sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblo-

bis ufleba~;

evropuli konvenciis me-5 muxlis Tanaxmad, aravis ar

SeiZleba SeezRudos Tavisufleba sxvagvarad, Tu ara kano-

niT dadgenili proceduris Sesabamisad;

samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTa-

Soriso paqtSi aRniSnulia, rom yovel adamians aqvs Tav-

isuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.

saerTaSoriso standartebis gaTvaliswinebiT saqarT-

velos konstitucia amkvidrebs ra adamianis, moqalaqis

primats, acxadebs _ àdamianis Tavisufleba xelSeuvalia~

(saqarTvelos konstituciis me-18 muxli).

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi

akonkretebs konstituciur normas da ganvrcobilad war-

moadgens pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis Sinaarss. kerZod,

saqarTvelos sssk me-12 muxlis Tanaxmad, yovel adamians

aqvs Tavisuflebis, piradi xelSeuxeblobis, pativisa da

Rirsebis dacvis ufleba.

sagulisxmoa, rom Tavisufleba absoluturi cneba ar

aris. igi SezRudulia kanoniT. S. monteskie werda: Tav-

isufleba aris ufleba akeTo yvelaferi, rac kanoniT aris

nebadarTuli.

kanonis Tanaxmad, Tavisuflebis aRkveTa an piradi Tav-

isuflebis sxvagvari SezRudva dauSvebelia sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebis gareSe. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ar

sWirdeba mxolod moklevadian dakavebas, rasac SeiZleba

adgili hqondes ara umetes 48 saaTisa. piris dapatimreba

an eqspertizisaTvis samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavseba

SeiZleba mxolod mosamarTlis brZanebiT an sasamarTlos

ganCinebiT (dadgenilebiT).

braldebulis Tavisuflebis xelSeuvaloba SeiZleba

SeizRudos da mis mimarT iyos gamoyenebuli winaswari

patimroba mxolod kanonieri safuZvlis arsebobisas, ker-

Zod, Tu arsebobs gonivruli eWvi da faqtobrivi monace-

mebi rom braldebuli miimaleba, ganagrZobs danaSaulebriv

saqmianobas an SemdgomSi SesaZloa kvlav Caidinos axali

danaSauli, xels SeuSlis gamoZiebas, gaanadgurebs mtkice-

bulebebs.

kanonieri safuZvlis arsebobisas aris aseve SesaZlebeli

piris Tavisuflebis SezRudva da misi moTavseba eqspert-

izisaTvis samedicino dawesebulebaSi. kerZod, Tu arsebobs

140 141

gonivruli eWvi da sakmarisi faqtobrivi monacemebi, rom

pirma marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba Caidina Seuracxad mdgo-

mareobaSi an aseTi qmedebis Cadenis Semdeg gaxda Seuracx-

adi da sajaro usarfTxoebis interesebi moiTxovs mis

izolirebas, mosamarTlis brZanebiT aseTi piri unda iyos

moTavsebuli samedicino dawesebulebaSi.

danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanilis dakavebis vada ar

unda aRematebodes 72 saaTs, xolo braldebulis winaswari

patimroba _ 9 Tves.

dakavebulsa da dapatimrebuls dauyovnebliv unda ec-

nobos dakavebisa Tu dapatimrebis mizezi, safuZveli da

danaSauli, romlis CadenaSic igi eWvmitanilia an romlis

Cadenac mas bralad edeba. aseve unda ganemartos dakave-

bulsa da dapatimrebuls ufleba daicvas sakuTari Tavi

piradad an isargeblos damcvelis daxmarebiT. damcveli

daiSveba eWvmitanilis dakavebis an braldebulis saxiT

piris dapatimrebis momentidan. eWvmitanilis dakavebis an

braldebulis dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gamomZiebelma unda

Seatyobinos ojaxis wevrebs.

kanonis Tanaxmad, mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli

valdebulni arian dauyovnebliv gaaTavisuflon ukanonod

dakavebuli, dapatimrebuli Tu sxvagvarad TavisuflebaSez-

Ruduli piri.

ukanonod da dausabuTeblad TavisuflebaSezRudul

pirs aqvs misTvis miyenebuli zianis srulad anazRaurebis

ufleba.

reabilitaciis iuridiul safuZvels warmoadgens gama-

marTlebeli ganaCeni, agreTve dadgenileba (ganCineba) sisx-

lis samarTlebrivi devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sew-

yvetis Sesaxeb sssk 28-e muxlis I nawilis à-~ `d~, ì~,

`k~ da `m~ qvepunqtebSi da imave muxlis II nawilis à~ da

`g~ qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi

pirs unda aunazRaurdes qonebrivi, fizikuri da moraluri

ziani.

kanoni krZalavs procesis monawileTa Tu sxva pirTa

mimarT sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi, agreTve

maTi pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi meTodebis gamoyene-

bas.

pirovnebis Rirsebisa da pativis xelSeuvaloba, upirve-

les yovlisa, umniSvnelovanesi konstituciuri principia.

`yovel adamians aqvs Rirseba, ris gamoc dauSvebelia igi

iyos raime saqmianobis obieqti an instrumenti. Rirseba

gamomdinareobs adamianad yofnisagan. Rirseba adamians ar mie-

niWeba saxelmwifosagan (prezidentis, paralamentis an sasa-

marTlos mier). igi imanenturia adamianad yofnisaTvis~1.

sssk me-12 muxlis me-7 nawilis Tanaxmad sagamoZiebo

Tu sasamarTlo moqmedebebis Catarebisas akrZalulia

pirovnebis mimarT meZieblobis, muqaris, SantaJis, wamebis,

fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri Zaladobis sxva xerxebis gamoyen-

eba. dauSvebelia dakavebulisa da dapatimrebulis mimarT

samedicino eqsperimentis Catareba, Zilis, wylis, sakvebis

akrZalva an zRvrul normaze metad SezRudva, iseT pi-

robebSi Cayeneba, romlebic mavne zegavlenas axdens adamianis

janmrTelobaze da laxavs mis Rirsebas.

rogorc vxedavT, kanoni krZalavs dakavebuli da dapa-

timrebuli piris mimarT wamebis, Zaladobis gamoyenebas, rac

SeiZleba iyos gamoxatuli fizikuri da fsiqikuri zemoq-

medebis zomebis gamoyenebiT, kerZod, ikrZaleba rogorc cema,

fizikuri tkivilis miyeneba, aseve piris daSineba, misi Cay-

eneba uimedo mdgomareobaSi, sistematuri damcireba da

1 k. kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi, Tb., 2003, gv. 89, 92.

142 143

Seuracxyofa, rac fsiqikur tramvas iwvevs. cxadia, ikrZa-

leba samedicino eqsperimentis Catareba, ramac SeiZleba

gamoiwvios mexsierebis daqveiTeba, azrovnebis damaxinjeba,

safrTxe Seuqmnas adamianis janmrTelobasa da sicocxles.

kanonis Tanaxmad, ikrZaleba sicocxlisa da janmrTe-

lobisaTvis saSiSi, maTi pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi

meTodebis gamoyeneba ara mxolod dakavebuli da dapatim-

rebuli piris mimarT, aramed dazaralebulis, mowmis da

procesis nebismieri monawilis mimarT.

sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebebi, romlebic ex-

eba pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobas mxolod gamonaklis SemTx-

vevaSi SeiZleba Catardes iZulebiT. saerTo wesidan gamon-

aklisi uSualod kanoniT unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli.

magaliTad, dazaralebuli da mowme iZulebiT SeiZleba

Seamowmon mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca eWvmitanili an

braldebuli moiTxovs Semowmebas, danaSaulis CadenaSi misi

mamxilebeli Cvenebis gabaTilebis mizniT. mowmisa da

dazaralebulis iZulebiT Semowmeba SeiZleba mxolod mosa-

marTlis brZanebiT (sssk 353-em). aseve dauSvebelia

dazaralebulisa da mowmis iZulebiTi eqspertiza da nimu-

Sis aReba saeqsperto kvlevisaTvis, garda veneriuli Tu

sxva infeqciuri daavadebis dadgenisa da agreTve im SemTx-

vevebisa, roca eWvmitanili an braldebuli moiTxovs im

dazaralebulis Cvenebis Semowmebas, romelic amxels mas

danaSaulis CadenaSi. dazaralebulisa da mowmis iZulebiTi

eqspertizac dasaSvebia mxolod mosamarTlis brZanebis

safuZvelze (sssk 368, 379-mm).

kanoni calsaxad miuTiTebs rom gamomZiebeli, proku-

rori, mosamarTle valdebulni arian sisxlis samarTlis

procesis yvela stadiaze daicvan procesis monawileTa

pativi da Rirseba, sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa

Catarebisas ar gamoiyenon iseTi saSualebebi da meTodebi,

romlebic safrTxes Seuqmnian procesis monawileTa sic-

ocxlesa da janmrTelobas, Selaxaven maT pativsa da Rirse-

bas.

7) piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba7) piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba

`piradi cxovrebis~ cneba moicavs adamianis cxovrebis

im sferos, romelic mxolod mas ekuTvnis da ar eqvemde-

bareba sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos mxridan kontrols,

Tu mas marTlzomieri xasiaTi aqvs.

piradi cxovrebis sfero _ es aris urTierTdamokide-

buleba ojaxSi, _ urTierToba da kavSirebi sxva adami-

anebTan; piradi dRiurebis, werilebis da Canawerebis Si-

naarsi; cxovrebis wesi da adamianis arsebobis yvela sxva

garemoeba, romelsac TviTon ar Tvlis saWirod an SesaZle-

blad gaaxmauros; garemoebebi, romlebic konfidencialuri

xasiaTisaa _ SesaZlebelia igi exebodes adamianis janmrTe-

lobas, seqsualur orientacias da a.S.

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba konstituciiTa (me-20

muxli) da saproceso kodeqsiT (sssk me-13 mux) garantire-

buli principia.

kanonis Tanaxmad, mimowera, safosto gzavnili, piradi

Canaweri, satelegrafo Setyobineba, satelefono saubari,

sxva teqnikuri saSualebiT gadmocemuli an miRebuli pi-

radi xasiaTis informacia xelSeuxebelia. piradi xasiaTis

informaciis xelSeuxebloba gulisxmobs kavSiris saidum-

loebas, rac imas niSnavs rom informacia Setyobinebebis,

saubrebis Taobaze SeiZleba iyos gacemuli mxolod misi

gamgzavnis, adresatis an misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis

mier. sxva teqnikur saSualebebSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT

teletaipi, kompiuteruli kavSiri, eleqtronuli fosta

144 145

da sxv.

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba moicavs sacxovrebeli

binis an sxva mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobasac. sacxovreb-

el binas miekuTvneba: saxli, agaraki, koteji da a.S. sxva

mflobelobaSi igulisxmeba droebiTi sacxovrebeli bina,

saerTo sacxovrebeli, sastumro, farexi, sawyobi, damxmare

nageboba da a.S.

sacxovrebeli binis an sxva mflobelobis daTvaliere-

ba, mflobel pirTa nebis sawinaaRmdegod, agreTve Cxreka,

amoReba, safosto-satelefono korespodenciaze, safosto

gzavnilze yadaRis dadeba da qonebis CamorTmeva SeiZleba

mxolod mosamarTlis brZanebiT an sasamarTlos ganCinebiT

(dadgenilebiT). Tu arsebobs kanoniT dadgenili gadaude-

beli aucilebloba, aRniSnuli saproceso moqmedebebi

SeiZleba Catardes mosamarTlis brZanebis gareSe, magram

maTi kanoniereba da dasabuTebuloba unda Seamowmos mosa-

marTlem maT Sesaxeb masalebis wardgenidan araugvianes 24

saaTisa.

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba moicavs aseve Semow-

mebis, eqspertizis, sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catarebisas

piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb cnobebis gamJRavnebis dauSve-

blobas. ar unda gamJRavndes piradi xasiaTis cnobebi,

romelTa saidumlod dacvac pirs saWirod miaCnia. gamomZie-

beli, prokurori, mosamarTle valdebulia xelwerili

CamoarTvas saproceso moqmedebis monawiles da gaafrTxi-

los igi, raTa man ar gaamJRavnos aRniSnuli cnobebi. sasa-

marTlo ganxilvis dros piradi intimuri xasiaTis cnobeb-

is gaxmaurebis Tavidan asacileblad sxdoma SeiZleba

Catardes daxurulad. Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze ki aseTi

cnobebi SeiZleba gamoqveyndes mxolod im piris TanxmobiT,

romelsac igi exeba.

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis garantias warmoad-

gens: a) pirad cxovrebaSi TviTneburi Carevis dauSveblo-

ba; b) piris Tanxmobis gareSe konfidencialuri infor-

maciis gamJRavnebis dauSvebloba; g) pirad cxovrebaSi

dausabuTebeli Carevis gamo miyenebuli zianis anazRaure-

bis ufleba; d) darRveuli uflebis sasamarTlo dacvis

SesaZlebloba.

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba daculia aseve sisxlis

samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobiT. kerZod, sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxismgebloba dawesebulia piradi an ojaxuri saidumloe-

bis xelyofisaTvis (ssk 157-e m.); kerZo saubris saidumloe-

bis darRvevisaTvis (ssk 158-e m.) piradi mimoweris, tele-

foniT saubris an sxvagvari xerxiT Setyobinebis saidumloe-

bis darRvevisaTvis (ssk 159-e m.), binis an sxva mflobelo-

bis xelSeuxeblobis darRvevisaTvis (ssk 160-e m.).

8) sajarooba da dispoziciuroba8) sajarooba da dispoziciuroba

upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesi sajaro bunebisaa. igi miekuTvneba sajaro

samarTlis dargs. igi awesrigebs saxelmwifo organoTa

saqmianobas da maT urTierTdamokidebulebas moqalaqeebTan.

prokuraturis mier ganxorcielebuli sisxlis samarT-

lebrivi devnisa da braldebis funqcia saxelmwifos sa-

jaro amocanaa. sssk-is me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad, gamomZiebeli,

prokurori, mosamarTle da sasamarTlo, romlebic moqmede-

ben sajaro interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, valdebulni ar-

ian daadginon danaSauli da misi Camdeni piri.

sajaroobis principi gasdevs mTeli saqmis warmoebas

da uzrunvelyofs rogorc procesis saerTo amocanebis

Sesrulebas, ise misi calkeuli stadiebis uSualo amo-

canebis ganxorcielebas. sisxlis samarTlis procesis

146 147

stadiebis xasiaTis, formisa da amocanebis gaTvaliswinebiT

es principi vlindeba sxvadasxvagvarad.

winaswar gamoZiebaSi sajaroobis principi gamoixateba

imaSi, rom gamomZiebeli, prokurori movaleni arian dana-

Saulis niSnebis arsebobisas daiwyon gamoZieba. kanoni am

moTxovniT avaldebulebs procesis mwarmoebeli organos

Tanamdebobis pirebs imoqmedon moqalaqeTa da mTlianad sa-

zogadoebis interesebSi, romlebic dainteresebulni arian

danaSaulTan efeqturi brZolis warmoebiT. gamomZiebeli,

romelic atarebs winaswar gamoZiebas, uflebamosilia Caa-

taros saqmeze yvela aucilebeli da saWiro kanoniT gaT-

valiswinebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, gamoiyenos saTanado

saproceso iZulebis RonisZiebebi. sajarooba vlindeba im-

aSic, rom prokurori, gamomZiebeli movaleni arian sakuTari

iniciativiT Sekribon da gamoavlinon mtkicebulebebi, rom-

lebic uaryofen dakavebuli piris mimarT arsebul eWvs an

braldebulis mimarT wardgenil braldebas. aseve mkacrad

unda iyos daculi kanoniT dadgenili wesi eWvmitanilisa

da braldebulisaTvis miyenebuli zianis anaRzaurebis Ses-

axeb, rac maT miadgaT Tanamdebobis pirTa ukanono moqmede-

bis Sedegad.

sajaroobis principis socialur _ samarTlebrivi arsi

vlindeba saxelmwifos interesebis organul SerwymaSi

moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvasTan.

pirovnebis kanonieri interesebis dacva sisxlis samarTlis

procesSi gamomdinareobs saxelmwifos, sazogadoebis in-

teresebidan. metic, kanonis Tanaxmad, pirad kanonier in-

teresebs aqvs prioriteti danaSaulis gaxsnisa da damnaSavis

dasjis sajaro interesebTan SedarebiT. procesis

monawileebs ganemartebaT TavianTi uflebebi da gamomZie-

beli, prokurori uqmnian maT saTanado pirobebs, raTa es

uflebebi realurad iyos uzrunvelyofili. saqmeSi

monawile pirTa uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis

dacva warmoadgens saxelmwifo organoebis sajaro-samarT-

lebriv movaleobas da Seadgens sajaroobis sawyisis ele-

ments.

sasamarTlos sajaro roli mdgomareobs mxareebisaTvis

saTanado pirobebis SeqmnaSi, raTa maT SeZlon kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebuli uflebamosilebis praqtikuli realiza-

cia. braldebisa da dacvis mxareebs SeuZliaT Tavisuflad

gankargon TavianTi materialur-samarTlebrivi da sapro-

ceso uflebebi, gavlena moaxdinon rogorc sisxlis sa-

marTlebrivi devnis dawyebaze, aseve sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis gadawyvetaze.

unda aRiniSnos, rom sssk me-14 muxlis pirveli nawili

Seicavs erTgvar uzustobas, radgan miuTiTebs sasamarTlos

valdebulebaze daadginos danaSauli da misi Camdeni piri.

mosamarTle da sasamarTlo ar arian uflebamosilni Caa-

taron kanoniT gaTvaliswilebuli yvela saproceso moq-

medeba, rogorc sakuTari iniciativiT, ise dainteresebuli

piris SuamdgomlobiT. sasamarTlo ar aris sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis organo es uflebamosileba rom ganaxor-

cielos.

sajaroobasTan erTad samarTalwarmoebaSi arsebobs

dispoziciuri sawyisi. dispoziciuri (kerZo) sawyisi vlin-

deba kerZo da kerZo _ sajaro braldebis saqmeebze, sadac

dazaralebulia uflebamosili daiwyos sisxlis samarT-

lebrivi devna. amasTan Tu mxareebi Serigdebian kerZo

braldebis saqmeze gamoZieba da sisxlis samarTlebrivi

devna, rogorc wesi, wydeba. gamonakliss warmoadgens am

kategoriis saqmeTa warmoebaSi prokuroris monawileoba,

rac gamoricxavs sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyve-

148 149

tas.

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi dispoziciuri sawyisis

moqmedebis gafarToeba gulisxmobs kanonmdeblis mier yura-

dRebis gaZlierebas moqalaqeTa uflebebis, Tavisuflebeb-

isa da interesebis mimarT, uzrunvelyofs saproceso

saqmianobaSi pirovnebis, sazogadoebis da saxelmwifos in-

teresebis urTierTSerwymas.

procesis dispoziciuri sawyisi vlindeba imaSic, rom

prokuroris uari braldebaze iwvevs sisxlis samarT-

lebrivi devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetas an

gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis gamotanas Tu dazaralebuli ar

ewinaaRmdegeba mas. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs sa-

jaroobis principis SezRudvas, magram ara uaryofas.

kerZo braldebis saqmeze sasamarTlos sajaro roli

vlindeba imaSi, rom is saxelmwifos saxeliT Rebulobs

zomebs, raTa Serigdnen mxareebi da aRdges sazogadoebrivi

mSvidoba. sazogadoebrivi mSvidobis damkvidrebisaken aris

mimarTuli inglisis, aSS-s, avtriis, iaponiis da sxva gan-

viTarebuli qveynebis gamocdileba davebis e.w. alterna-

tiuli gadawyvetis sferoSi. arakonfliqturi da Semrige-

bluri procedurebidan yvelaze ufro gamokveTil alter-

nativas warmoadgens mediacia. braldebuli da dazaraleb-

uli sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis organos an sasamarTlos

nebarTviT cdiloben gadawyviton konfliqti mediaciuri

SeTanxmebis farglebSi da amisaTvis mimarTaven mesame pirs

Suamavlad. mediaciis gamoyenebis aucilebel pirobas war-

moadgens piris braleulobis damadasturebeli sarwmuno

mtkicebulebebis arseboba, braldebis mier bralis aRi-

areba da orive mxaris mzadyofna Semrigeblur proce-

durebSi monawileobaze. Semrigebluri SeTanxmebis safuZ-

velze garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas SesaZlebelia

gamotanili iyos gadawyvetileba sisxlis samarTlebrivi

devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.

9) sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiToba9) sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiToba

SejibrebiToba sisxlis samarTlis procesis qvakuTxe-

dia, radgan procesi xorcieldeba mxareTa Tanasworobisa

da SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze.

mxareTa Tanasworobisa da SejibrebiTobis principis

ZiriTad elements warmoadgens braldebisa da dacvis fun-

qciebis gamoyofa marTlmsajulebis funqciisagan da maTi

gamijvna erTmaneTisagan, mxareebis aRWurva Tanabari sap-

roceso uflebebiT TavianTi funqciis ganxorcielebisas

da sasamarTlos dominirebuli roli gadawyvetilebis

miRebaSi.

marTlmsajuleba SejibrebiTia maSin, roca sasamarTlo

ganxilvis mxareebs SeuZliaT aqtiurad da Tanabar sawyise-

bze amtkicon TavianTi poziciis utyuaroba, moiyvanon

amisaTvis argumentebi, ganmarton faqtebi da movlenebi,

waradginon mtkicebulebebi. amasTan sasamarTlo mizanmi-

marTulad kontrols uwevs mxareTa moqmedebas, uzrunve-

lyofs kanoniT dadgenili sasamarTlo ganxilvis wesebis

ganuxrel dacvas.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawile mxareebi Sei-

Zleba daiyos maT mier Sesrulebuli saproceso funqciis

mixedviT. braldebis funqcias axorcielebs prokurori,

dazaralebuli, misi warmomadgeneli, samoqalaqo mosarCele

da misi warmomadgeneli. dacvis funqcias axorcielebs

eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli, damcveli, samoqalaqo

mopasuxe da misi warmomadgeneli1. swored CamoTvlili

1 z. meiSvilisa da o. jorbenaZis mier 2007 wels gamocemul `saqarT-

velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis komentarebSi (gv. 66) aRniS-

150 151

pirebi arian dapirispirebuli mxareebi procesSi, xolo

saqmis gadawyvetis funqcias sasamarTlo axorcielebs.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom mxareTa Tanasworoba gulisx-

mobs mxolod sufTa saproceso aspeqts anu mxareebi mx-

olod procesualurad arian Tanabarni, rac gulisxmobs

mxareTa aRWurvas Tanabari uflebebiTa da movaleobebiT.

kerZod, maT Tanabrad aqvT ufleba gaecnon saqmis masalebs,

ganacxadon acileba, aRZran Suamdgomloba, waradginon mt-

kicebulebebi, monawileoba miiRon mtkicebulebaTa gamokv-

levaSi, gaasaCivron ukanono gadawyvetileba. mxareebs aqvT

erTnairi SesaZlebloba gamoiyenon samarTlebrivad daSve-

buli saproceso saSualebebi TavianTi poziciis, Sexedule-

bebis da moTxovnaTa dasabuTebisaTvis da meore mxaris

moTxovnebisa da mtkicebulebebis gasaqarwyleblad.

samarTlianoba moiTxovs, rom mxareebi imyofebodnen

Tanabar mdgomareobaSi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Sejibrebi-

Toba gadaizrdeba sisxlis samarTlebriv angariSsworebaSi.

Tumca ufro swori iqneboda gveTqva, mxareebi imyofebian

miaxloebiT Tanabar mdgomareobaSi, radgan prokuroris,

rogorc sisxlis samarTlebrivi mdevnelis saproceso sta-

tusi ar emTxveva braldebulisa da misi damcvelis sapro-

ceso statuss. TviT sasamarTlo sxdomazec ki, sadac mxa-

reebs aqvT garegnulad TiTqmis identuri uflebebi _

waradginon da gamoikvlion mtkicebulebebi, aRZran Suam-

nulia, rom TiTqos dacvis funqcia ekisrebaT mSobels da sxva kanonier

warmomadgenlebsac, rac ar aris swori. kanonis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlovani

mowmis dakiTxva tardeba pedagogis an kanonieri warmomadgenlis Tandaswre-

biT. 7 wlamde asakis mowmis dakiTxva SeiZleba mSoblis an sxva kanonieri

warmomadgenlis TanxmobiT. magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom mSobeli an sxva

warmomadgeneli dacvis funqcias axorcieleben. moqmedi sssk-is mniSvnelovan

monapovars warmoadgens mSoblebis, naTesavebis, megobrebis, sazogad. organiza-

ciebis ganTavisufleba dacvis movaleobisagan, rac maT ekisrebodaT sabWoTa

kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze.

dgomloba, gamovidnen sasamarTlo kamaTSi da a.S. _

mTlianobaSi maTi saproceso mdgomareoba ar emTxveva, rad-

gan mtkicebis tvirTi awevs bralmdebels, xolo yovelgvari

eWvi ganimarteba braldebulis sasargeblod.

mxareTa Tanasworoba da SejibrebiToba, marTalia, erT-

gvarad SezRuduli formiT, magram mainc xorcieldeba

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze. SezRudva gamoixateba imaSi,

rom winaswar gamoZiebaSi prokurori axorcielebs sisxlis

samarTlebrivi devnis funqcias da TviTonve Rebulobs

saqmis gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT yvela sakiTxze gadaw-

yvetilebas. braldebuli da damcveli ganaxorcieleben

dacvis funqcias iseT pirobebSi, roca maT ara aqvT mt-

kicebulebaTa Segrovebisa da wardgenis Tanabari SesaZle-

bloba. iq, sadac braldeba da saqmis gadawyveta gaerTianeb-

ulia erTi piris xelSi, cxadia, SejibrebiTobas naklebi

adgili rCeba (Tu saerTod rCeba adgili), Tumca isic aR-

saniSnavia, rom kanonis Tanaxmad, dawesebulia sasamarTlo

kontroli gamomZieblisa da prokuroris im saproceso

moqmedebaze, romelic dakavSirebulia moqalaqeTa konsti-

tuciuri uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis SezRudvasTan.

eWvmitanils, braldebuls, damcvels da procesis sxva

monawiles kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ufleba aqvT sasamarT-

loSi gaasaCivron gamomZieblis an prokuroris uari Suam-

dgomlobis, saCivrisa da gancxadebis dakmayofilebaze.

magaliTad, sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sisxlis

samarTlebrivi devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis

Sesaxeb prokuroris dadgenileba, eqspertizis daniSvnaze

uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gamomZieblis an prokuroris dadge-

nileba.

mxareTa Tanasworoba da SejibrebiToba sruli saxiT

vlindeba sasamarTloSi. sasamarTlo ar asrulebs dacvisa

152 153

da braldebis funqcias. igi movalea mxareebs Seuqmnas sa-

Tanado pirobebi maTi saproceso uflebebis realizaciisaT-

vis, pirvel rigSi ki mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisaTvis, maTi

yovelmxrivi da sruli gamokvlevisaTvis, Tvalyuri adevnos

mxareTa moqmedebebis kanonierebas da uzrunvelyos saqmeze

WeSmaritebis dadgena.

iuridiul literaturaSi samarTliand aris aRniSnuli,

rom SejibrebiToba inarCunebs Tavis mniSvnelobas maSinac,

rodesac prokurori da damcveli erTsulovanni arian gan-

sasjelis arabraleulobis Sesaxeb TavianT daskvnebSi. maT

Soris polemikis ararseboba ar aerTianebs braldebisa da

dacvis funqciebs da TiToeuli maTgani saqmis garemoebebs

aSuqebs Tavisi saproceso funqciis farglebSi.

SejibrebiToba braldebisa da dacvis mxareTa uflebaa

_ Tanabar sawyisebze daicvan TavianTi mosazrebebi sasa-

marTlos winaSe da ara movaleoba erTmaneTTan Caeban sa-

marTlebriv davaSi. braldebisa da dacvis funqciebis da-

pirispireba ar gulisxmobs saxelmwifo bralmdeblisa da

gansasjelis kanonieri interesebis dapirispirebas. saxelm-

wifo bralmdebeli saqmeSi icavs saxelmwifos intresebs,

braldebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi igi aRiarebs sabral-

debo daskvnis Sedgenisas daSvebul Secdomebs an sasamarT-

loSi braldebis daumtkiceblobas, magram ar iTavsebs

dacvis funqcias, anu am SemTxvevaSic ar erTiandeba bral-

debisa da dacvis funqciebi.

kanonmdebeli Seecada sasamarTlos mier ganxorciele-

buli saqmis gadawyvetis funqcia gaewminda braldebisa da

dacvis elementebisagan da amiT gadadga nabiji win Seji-

brebiTobis principis ganviTarebaSi. kerZod, aikrZala sasa-

marTlos mier axali braldebis wayeneba gansasjelis da

axal pirTa mimarT; damatebiT gamoZiebaSi sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmis dabruneba dasaSvebi gaxda mxolod prokuro-

ris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze da ara sasamarTlos ini-

ciativiT; braldebulis mier bralis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi,

e.i. roca aRar aris dava braldebulTan, sasamarTlos Seu-

Zlia ar gaagrZelos mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva da ar

Caataros sasamarTlo gamoZieba srulad; prokuroris mier

braldebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas daeTanxmeba

dazaralebuli sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqme an gam-

oitanos gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni. Tumca, samarTlianoba

moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom es ukanaskneli debuleba meores

mxriv, arRvevs mxareTa Tanasworobis princips, radgan

upiratesobas braldebis mxares aniWebs da misi moTxovna

saqmis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb savaldebulo xdeba sasamarTlosaT-

vis, maSin rodesac dacvis mxaris mier igive moTxovnis

dayenebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos aseTi valdebuleba ar

akisria. garda amisa, kanonis aRniSnuli moTxovna arRvevs

mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis universalur principsac,

radgan, kanonis Tanaxmad mosamarTle damoukidebelia da

SeboWili ar aris mxareTa mosazrebebiT.

mxareTa Tanasworoba da SejibrebiToba warmoadgens

mxareTa uflebebis da kanonieri interesebis realizaciis

garants. swored es principi aniWebs ganaCens gansakuTrebul

damajereblobas da amaRlebas mis samarTlebriv mniS-

vnelobas.

SejibrebiToba ara mxolod sisxlis samarTlis proce-

sis principia, aramed igi warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis

procesis tips. mxareTa Tanasworoba da mosamarTleTa

damoukidebloba erTbliobaSi qmnian SejibrebiTi procesis

`myar konstruqcias~. SejibrebiTi samarTalwarmoebis yvela

sxva instituciuri principi logikurad gamomdinareobs am

ori fundamenturi sawyisidan.

154 155

10) saproceso SeTanxmeba10) saproceso SeTanxmeba

saproceso SeTanxmebis instituti saproceso kanonmde-

blobaSi XIV1 Tavis saxiT iqna SemoRebuli 2004 wlis 13

Tebervals. amave dros sssk-is me-151 muxliT ganisazRvra

saproceso SeTanxmeba rogorc sisxlis samarTlis procesis

principi da misi Sinaarsi Camoyalibda Semdegnairad: sap-

roceso SeTanxmeba xorcieldeba sasamarTlos damoukide-

blobis principis dacviT. saproceso SeTanxmebis mizania

swrafi da efeqtiani marTlmsajulebis uzrunvelyofa.

unda aRiniSnos, rom Tanamedrove sisxlis samarTlis

procesSi aqtiurad yalibdeba daCqarebuli, swrafi samar-

Talwarmoebis tendencia.

swrafi marTlmsajuleba gulisxmobs saproceso ekonomi-

is uzrunvelyofas, e.i. drois, Zalebis, saSualebebis da-

zogvas. mosamarTlem unda uzrunvelyos swrafad da efeq-

tianad saqmeTa gadawyveta da mxareebs Seuqmnas saTanado

pirobebi, raTa maT SeZlon sakuTari poziciis dacva zed-

meti droisa da finansuri danaxarjebis gareSe, xelovnuri

dabrkolebis gareSe. swrafi da efeqtiani marTlmsajule-

ba gulisxmobs saqmis ganxilvas da gadawyvetas usafuZvlo

gaWianurebis gareSe da umokles droSi optimaluri gad-

awyvetilebis miRebas.

rac Seexeba saproceso SeTanxmebis arss igi mdgomare-

obs SemdegSi: sasamarTlos saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe

gamoaqvs ganaCeni. saproceso SeTanxmebis safuZveli SeiZle-

ba iyos SeTanxmeba bralze an sasjelze. saproceso SeTanx-

mebis safuZvelze prokurors ufleba aqvs moiTxovos

braldebulisaTvis sasjelis Semcireba an danaSaulTa er-

Tobliobisas miiRos gadawyvetileba misTvis braldebis

Semsubuqebis an nawilobriv moxsnis Taobaze. gansakuTrebul

SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos generalur prokurors SeuZlia

sasamarTlos mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT braldebulis

sasjelisagan srulad gaTavisuflebis moTxovniT, rasac

safuZvlad udevs braldebulis TanamSromloba sagamoZiebo

organoebTan da Tanamdebobis piris an gansakuTrebiT mZime

danaSaulis Camdeni piris vinaobis gamovlena.

marTalia, saproceso SeTanxmeba SedarebiT axali in-

stitutia, magram man sakmaod farTod daimkvidra adgili

sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi da kritikis miuxe-

davad didi warmatebiT gamoiyeneba. migvaCnia, rom es insti-

tuti garkveul daxvewas moiTxovs da saTanado cvlile-

bebis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebelia SenarCunebuli iyos

kanonmdeblobaSi, magram ara rogorc sisxlis samarTlis

procesis principi, radgan igi ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis mTel rig fundamentur sawyisebs.

upirveles yovlisa, saproceso SeTanxmeba winaaRmde-

gobaSia sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiTobasTan.

saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebisas sruliad ignorirebulia

dazaralebulis interesebi. mas saproceso SeTanxmebis sa-

fuZvelze gamotanili ganaCenis gasaCivrebis uflebac ara

aqvs.

saproceso SeTanxmeba winaaRmdegobaSia saqmis garemoe-

bebis yovelmxrivi, srulyofili, obieqturi gamokvlevis

principTan. rogorc winaswar gamoZiebaSi, aseve sasamarT-

loSi saqmis garemoebebi unda iyos gamokvleuli yovelmxriv,

srulad da obieqturad. saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebisaT-

vis sakmarisia bralis aRiareba da aRiarebis nebayoflobi-

TobaSi sasamarTlos darwmuneba. saqmis garemoebebis

yovelmxrivi, sruli, obieqturi gamokvleva aris WeSmar-

itebis dadgenis safuZveli. WeSmaritebis dadgena warmoad-

gens sisxlis samarTlis procesis uSualo mizans. sapro-

156 157

ceso SeTanxmebis dadebisas ki WeSmaritebis dadgenaze

laparaki zedmetia.

saproceso SeTanxmeba ewinaaRmdegeba mtkicebulebaTa

Sinagani rwmeniT Sefasebis princips, romlis Tanaxmadac,

braldebulis aRiareba, Tu is ar dasturdeba sxva mtkice-

bulebebiT sakmarisi ar aris mis mier danaSaulis Cadenis

Sesaxeb daskvnisaTvis. ganaCeni SeiZleba efuZnebodes mxolod

erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas.

saproceso SeTanxmeba ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis samarTlis

procesis uSualobisa da zepirobis princips, romlis Ta-

naxmadac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad udevs

mxolod is mtkicebulebebi, romlebic gamokvleuli iyo

sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa monawileobiT. saproceso

SeTanxmebis safuZvelze ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi ki

ar warmoebs mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva.

saproceso SeTanxmeba ewinaaRmdegeba sajaroobasa da

dispoziciurobas. sajarooba moiTxovs gamomZiebelma,

prokurorma, mosamarTlem daadginon danaSauli da misi

Camdeni piri, Caataron yvela saproceso moqmedeba, rogorc

sakuTari iniciativiT, ise dainteresebuli piris Suamdgom-

lobiT, rac saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebisas ar xorciel-

deba. aseve ignorirebulia dispoziciurobis sawyisi, radgan,

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe

ganaCenis gamotanisas ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli dazarale-

bulis interesebi.

saproceso SeTanxmeba garkveulawilad ewinaaRmdegeba

kanonis da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis, saproceso

moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis Tavisuflebis

da sxva principebs.

11) sisxlis samarTlis procesis saqveynooba11) sisxlis samarTlis procesis saqveynooba

moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi ganasx-

vavebs saqveynoobisa da sajaroobis cnebebs erTmaneTisagan

da orive cal-calke principis saxiT aris Camoyalibebuli.

iuridiul literaturaSi avtorTa nawili (magaliTad, a.T.

koni, a.p. CebiSevi-dmitrievi, n.a. nekliudovi, m.s. strogovi-

Ci) TiTqmis aigivebda am or cnebas procesSi. avtorTa

nawili ki (magaliTad k.k. arsenievi, v.n. palauzovi, v.k.

sluCevski, i.a. foinicki) Tvlida, rom sajarooba igive

oficialuroba procesis damoukidebeli principia, romel-

sac unari aqvs iarsebos saqveynoobis principTan erTad.

àdamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis

Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia iTvaliswinebs yoveli adamianis

uflebas samarTlianad da sajarod iyos misi saqme ganxi-

luli. sajaroobis cneba faqtobrivad ganmartebulia ada-

mianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli sasamarTlos gadaw-

yvetilebebSi, sadac ZiriTadad gatarebulia azri, rom

sajarooba es aris is, rac xelmisawvdomia farTo sazoga-

doebisaTvis, anu sajarooba gaTanabrebulia procesis

saqveynoobasTan.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis saqveynooba, upirveles

yovlisa, gulisxmobs saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTloSi Ria

sxdomaze, sajarod, saqveynod. moqalaqes 16 wlis asakidan

ufleba aqvs daeswros saqmis ganxilvas. saqveynoobis prin-

cipis safuZvelze sazogadoebas eZleva SesaZlebloba Seafa-

sos procesis mimdinareoba da Sedegebi da amiT moaxdinos

sasamarTlos saqmianobis Taobaze sazogadoebrivi azris

formireba. saqveynooba uzrunvelyofs procesis mwarmoe-

beli organos saqmianobaze socialur kontrols, sasa-

marTlo xelisuflebis avtoritetis amaRlebas. rodesac

sasamarTlo sxdomaTa darbazSi mxolod mxareebi monawileo-

ben da ara farTo sazogadoebrioba, es garemoeba Sejibre-

158 159

biTobas uzRudavs dinamizms da simZafres, TiTqos mosamar-

Tlis, prokuroris, damcvelis pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba

naklebia. cxadia, udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlo

Senobis garegan da Sinagan iers, garemos. iuridiul lit-

eraturaSi samarTlianad aris aRniSnuli, rom samarTal-

warmoeba ara mxolod gulisxmobs marTlmsajulebis ganx-

orcielebas, aramed unda gamoiyurebodes rogorc marTlm-

sajuleba.

saqveynoba gulisxmobs imasac, rom sasamarTlo pro-

cesi iyos gaSuqebuli masmediis saSualebebiT, rac unda

ganxorcieldes saproceso kanonis farglebSi. sasamarTlo

pativiscemiTa da gagebiT unda moekidos masmediis miswrafe-

bas gaaSuqon sasamarTlo saqmianoba, magram ar unda uSlides

xels sasamarTlo procesis Catarebas da ar unda iyos

gamoyenebuli rogorc sasamarTlos mimarT zemoqmedeba.

saproceso kodeqsi cvlilebebis Setanamde (2007 w. 11

ivlisi) uSvebda sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas foto,

kino, videogadaRebas, audioCanawers, radioTi da tele-

viziiT procesis translacias sasamarTlos motivirebuli

gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze. aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebebis

gamoyenebis akrZalvac daSvebuli iyo sasamarTlos gadaw-

yvetilebebiT. amasTan masobrivi informaciis saSualebebs

SeeZloT Tavisuflad gaeSuqebinaT sasamarTlo procesis

mimdinareoba da Sedegebi, oRond am dros maT unda exelmZ-

RvanelaT udanaSaulobis prezumfciis principiT.

kanonSi Sesuli cvlilebebis Sedegad ara mxolod sasa-

marTlo sxdomis darbazSi, aramed sasamarTlos SenobaSic

ki saerTod akrZalulia da dauSvebelia saqmis ganxilvis

foto, kino da videogadaReba, garda im SemTxvevisa, rode-

sac aRniSnuli xorcieldeba sasamarTlos mier. sasamarTlo

uflebamosilia gaavrcelos mis xelT arsebuli sasamarT-

lo procesis foto, kino da videogadaRebis masalebi, Tu

es ar ewinaaRmdegeba kanons.

`saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ organuli kanonis

me-12 muxlis Tanaxmad daSvebulia sasamarTlo sxdomis

stenografireba da audioCawera sasamarTlos mier dadge-

nili wesiT. es imas niSnavs, rom procesis monawileebs,

sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi myof pirebs sasamarTlos

winaswari nebarTvis safuZvelze eqnebaT SesaZlebloba

moaxdinon sasamarTlo sxdomis audioCawera, rac SeiZleba

SeizRudos aseve mosamarTlis, sasamarTlos motivirebuli

gadawyvetilebiT. marTalia, nebarTvis gacemisas ar aris

kanonSi miTiTebuli saproceso aqtis gamotanis aucile-

blobaze, magram radganac SezRudva moiTxovs sasamarTlo

gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, unda vivaraudoT, rom nebarT-

vis gacema (anu kanonSi miTiTebuli sasamarTlos mier

dadgenili wesis gamoyeneba) praqtikulad unda ganxor-

cieldes saTanado saproceso gadawyvetilebis gamotanis

safuZvelze.

aris Tu ara kanonis aRniSnuli moTxovna saqveynoobis

principis SuzRudva?

erTis mxriv, bolo periodSi saqarTvelos saerTo

sasamarTloebSi Catarebulma gaxmaurebulma procesebma

cxadyves, rom masmediis mier videomasalis safuZvelze

ganxorcielebulma sasamarTlo procesis gaSuqebam farTo

sazogadoebas misca SesaZlebloba Tvalyuri edevnebina

sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros mimdinare procesebi-

sadmi, eqscesebisadmi da Seefasebina sasamarTlos mier

miRebuli gadawyvetilebis samarTlianoba da kanoniereba.

meores mxriv, aRmoCnda, rom aRniSnuli videomasala,

reportaJi, siuJeti masmediis mier SeiZleba gamoyenebuli

iyos ama Tu im politikuri jgufis, klanis interesebis

160 161

sazianod Tu sasargeblod. unda vaRiaroT, rom masmedia

pirdapir Tu arapirdapir, magram aSkarad zemoqmedebas axdens

sasamarTloze. videokamerebi, rogorc teqnikuri gamoyeneb-

is TvalsazrisiT, aseve fsiqologiuri kuTxiTac xels

uSlis sasamarTlos _ misi yuradReba koncentrirebuli

iyos mxolod da mxolod gansaxilveli saqmis garemoebebis

mimarT. amasTan erTad, telekamerebi sxdomaTa darbazSi

uneburad iwveven procesis monawileTa pirad cxovrebaSi

farTo auditoriis Carevas. amitom dauSvebelia pirdapiri

translacia sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazidan. demokratiu-

lobis maRali xarisxi da sazogadoebis socialuri kon-

trolis aucilebloba ar SeiZleba davupirispiroT mo-

qalaqeTa piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobisa da mosa-

marTleTa damoukideblobis saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv

principebs.

sasamarTlo sxdomis fiqsacia sxvadasxva teqnikuri

saSualebebiT unda ganxorcieldes uSualod sasamarTlos

mier da dainteresebul mxares, Tu procesis sxva monawiles

unda mieces SesaZlebloba saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi miiRos

Sesabamisi masala.

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evrop-

uli konvenciis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, presa da sazoga-

doeba SesaZlebelia ar iyos daSvebuli sasamarTlo ganx-

ilvis msvlelobis mTel manZilze an mis nawilze demokra-

tiul sazogadoebaSi arsebuli zneobis, sazogadoebrivi

wesrigis an erovnuli uSiSroebis mosazrebebidan gamom-

dinare, aseve Tu amas moiTxovs arasrulwlovanis inter-

esebi, anda mxareTa piradi cxovrebis dacva, anda gansa-

kuTrebul garemoebaTa gamo, rodesac saqveynoobiT dar-

Rveuli iqneboda marTlmsajulebis interesebi.

saqveynoobis principis SezRudvis dasaxelebuli safuZ-

vlebi mocemulia aseve samoqalaqo da politikuri ufle-

bebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtis me-14 muxlSi.


me-16 muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs sasamarTlos ufle-

bamosilebas Caataros mTlianad an nawilobriv daxuruli

sasamarTlo sxdoma saxelmwifo, samsaxurebrivi an komer-

ciuli saidumloebis dacvis mizniT, agreTve piradi mimow-

eris da satelegrafo Setyobinebis sasamarTlo sxdomaze

gamoqveynebisas, Tu amaze Tanaxma ar aris piri. garda amisa,

mxaris moTxovniT mTlianad an nawilobriv daxarul sasa-

marTlo sxdomaze ganixileba arasrulwlovanis danaSaulis

saqme, sqesobrivi danaSaulis, adamianiT vaWrobis (trefik-

ingis) danaSaulis da sxva kategoriis saqmeebi, raTa ar

gaxmaurdes cnobebi saqmeSi monawile pirTa intimuri an

piradi cxovrebis saidumloebis Sesaxeb, rodesac amas

moiTxovs procesis monawilisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis an

axlo naTesavebis piradi usafrTxoebis dacva.

garda amisa, daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganix-

ileba sagamoZiebo organoebis wardgineba (Suamdgomloba)

piris konstituciuri uflebebis SemzRudveli saproceso

iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis da saproceso moqmedebebis gamoy-

enebis mizniT sasamarTlo brZanebisa da dadgenilebis

gamoTxovis Taobaze, garda aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyene-

bis SemTxvevisa. Tumca sssk 160-e muxlis me-6 nawilis

Tanaxmad, am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSic SesaZlebelia sxdomis

daxurva wesrigis dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.

miuxedavad imisa, saqme Ria sxdomaze iyo ganxiluli

Tu daxurul sxdomaze, miRebuli gadawyvetileba cxad-

deba saqveynod.

aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesis saqvey-

nooba moicavs ara mxolod saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTloSi

162 163

Ria sxdomaze, aramed SuzRuduli formiT, magram mainc igi

moicavs winaswari gamoZiebis stadiasac.

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze saqveynooba gulisxmobs

gamomZieblis, prokuroris gadawyvetilebiT winaswari

gamoZiebis masalebis gaSuqebas masmediis saSualebebiT, _

presaSi, radioTi, televiziiT.

winaswari gamoZiebis monacemebis naadrevma gaxmaurebam

SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos danaSaulis gaxsnas. amitom

gamoZiebis monacemebi sajaro SeiZleba gaxdes mxolod im

moculobiT, rogorc amas miiCneven gamomZiebeli da proku-

rori.

cxadia, aRniSnuli masalis gaxmaurebisas dasaxele-

bulma Tanamdebobis pirebma unda daicvan udanaSaulobis

prezumfciis principi.

sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi ar daiSveba 16 wels

miuRweveli piri, Tu igi ar aris mxare an mowme. aseve ar

daiSveba SeiaraRebuli piri, Tu is ar aris iusticiis

saministros sabadrago samsaxuris TanamSromeli, romlis

daSveba sxdomis darbazSi moxdeba sasamarTlo sxdomis

Tavmjdomaris nebarTviT.

12) sisxlis samarTlis procesis ena12) sisxlis samarTlis procesis ena

saqarTvelos konstituciidan gamomdinare sisxlis sa-

marTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-17 muxli adgens, rom

sisxlis samarTlis procesi xorcieldeba qarTul enaze,

afxazeTSi _ agreTve afxazur enaze.

kanoni gansazRvravs ra samarTalwarmoebis enas, imavdrou-

lad sisxlis samarTlis procesis TiToeul monawiles aZlevs

Tavisi mSobliuri enis gamoyenebis uflebis garantias.

saproceso kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, Tu saqmis ganxil-

vaSi monawile pirma ar icis samarTalwarmoebis ena, mas

ufleba aqvs misces Cveneba, gaakeTos gancxadeba, aRZras

Suamdgomloba, Seitanos saCivari, gamovides sasamarTloSi

mSobliur enaze an im enaze, romelic ukeT icis. amasTan

procesis monawiles, romelmac ar icis, an arasaTanadod

icis procesis ena daeniSneba Tarjimani. Tarjimnis xarjebs

saxelmwifo aanazRaurebs.

samarTalwarmoebis enis ar mcodned iTvleba piri,

romelsac ar esmis an cudad esmis samarTalwarmoebis ena

da ar Seswevs unari Tavisuflad ganmartos mocemul enaze

esa Tu is terminebi an garemoebebi, rac dakavSirebulia

saqmis warmoebasTan.

samarTalwarmoebis enis ar mcodne piris TarjimniT

uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqma ganixileba rogorc sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kanonis arsebiTi darRveva. Tarjimani

SeiZleba iyos mxolod is piri, romelic Tavisuflad flobs

samarTalwarmoebis enas da im enas, romelic procesis

monawilisaTvis mSobliuria an romelic man ukeT icis.

Tarjimanis Sromis anazRaureba xdeba saxelmwifos xarjze.

dauSvebelia procesis mwarmoebeli Tanamdebobis piris mier

Tarjimnis movaleobis Sesruleba.

marTalia, saproceso dokumentebi unda iyos Sedgenili

saxelmwifo enaze, magram maTi aslebi braldebuls, gan-

sasjels da procesis sxva monawiles unda gadaeces Tavis

mSobliur enaze, an im enaze Targmnili, romelic man ukeT

icis. roca ganaCeni cxaddeba imavdroulad unda iyos is

Tarjimnis mier gadaTargmnili gansasjelis mSobliur enaze,

an im enaze, romelic man ukeT icis.

sagamoZiebo da sxva saproceso moqmedebebSi Tarjimnis

monawileoba uzrunvelyofs samarTalwarmoebis enis arm-

codne piris uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvas,

imavdroulad ki xels uwyobs procesis mwarmoebel orga-

164 165

nos miiRos sruli da zusti informacia dasakiTxi piri-

sagan, ganmartebis, Cvenebis mimcemi pirisagan.

kanonmdebeli mxedvelobaSi iRebs imas, rom Tarjimnis

daxmarebiTac ki Zalze Znelia sakuTari Tavis dacvis

uflebis ganxorcieleba im pirisaTvis, romelmac ar icis

samarTalwarmoebis ena, amitom savaldebulo wesiT uSvebs

damcvelis monawileobas rogorc winaswar gamoZiebaSi, aseve

sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis saxelmwifo enaze ganx-

orcielebis principi gulisxmobs imasac, rom gamomZiebeli,

prokurori da mosamarTle movaleni arian kargad flobd-

nen saxelmwifo enas. enis ar codna an arasaTanadod cod-

na maT xels uSlis jerovnad Seasrulon TavianTi sapro-

ceso movaleobebi Tarjimnis daxmarebiTac ki da arTmevs

SesaZleblobas mosamarTles monawileoba miiRos saTaTbiro

oTaxSi gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, sadac Tarjimnis Sesvla

dauSvebelia.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis saxelmwifo enaze ganx-

orcielebis principi SesaZlebels xdis yvela moqalaqisaT-

vis iyos xelmisawvdomi da gasagebi sisxlis samarTalwar-

moeba. igi amave dros warmoadgens saqmeSi monawile yvela

piris kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis garan-

tias miuxedavad erovnuli kuTvnilebisa, igi aseve war-

moadgens procesis monawileTa uflebebisa da kanonieri

interesebis dacvis garantiasac. sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesis saxelmwifo enaze ganxorcielebis principi warmoad-

gens erovnuli Tanasworobis saxelmwifoebrivi garantiis

gamovlenas. amave dros, igi qmnis saqmis garemoebebis

yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamokvlevis pirobebs,

uzrunvelyofs saqveynoobis, zepirobis, mxareTa Tanasworo-

bis, SejibrebiTobis da sxva sawyisebis realizacias.

13) saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da 13) saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da

sruli gamokvlevasruli gamokvleva


me-18 muxlis Tanaxmad, gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosa-

marTle da sasamarTlo valdebulni arian utyuarad daadg-

inon moxda Tu ara danaSauli, vin Caidina igi da gaarkvi-

on mtkicebis sagnis yvela sxva garemoeba sisxlis samarT-

lis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. saqmis garemoebebis gamokvl-

eva unda iyos yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da sruli.

aRniSnuli principis moqmedeba vrceldeba sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis yvela stadiaze _ rogorc winaswar

gamoZiebaSi, aseve sasamarTloSi.

saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxrivi gamokvleva gulisxmobs

saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone yvela garemoebis, garemoe-

baTa calkeuli mxareebis da saqmesTan kavSirSi myofi,

Sesaxebi mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevas. yovelmxrivi gamokv-

leva moicavs aseve saqmeze yvela SesaZlebeli versiis

wamoyenebas da Semowmebas, rac xels uwyobs saqmis gamoZie-

bis mimarTulebis gansazRvras da iZleva SesaZleblobas

Tavidan iyos acilebuli calmxrivoba saqmis warmoebaSi.

saqmis garemoebebis sruli gamokvleva gulisxmobs mt-

kicebis saganSi Semavali yvela garemoebis dadgenas. saqmis

garemoebebis sruli gamokvleva moicavs yvela im piris

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemas, romlebmac da-

naSauli Caidines braldebulTan erTad, TanamonawileobiT,

aseve braldebulis mier Cadenili yvela qmedebis, qmedebis

calkeuli epizodebis dadgenas. saqmis garemoebebis sruli

gamokvleva aseve gulisxmobs danaSaulis Cadenis xerxis,

saSualebis, motivis gansazRvrasac. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelo-

bis mqone garemoebebis arasruli gamokvleva iwvevs ganaCenis

166 167

gauqmebas.

saqmis garemoebebis obieqturi gamokvleva gulisxmobs

imas, rom Tanabrad iyos gamokvleuli braldebulis rogorc

mamxilebeli da misi pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli gare-

moebebi, aseve braldebulis gamamarTlebeli da misi pasux-

ismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi. obieqturoba

samarTlebrivi da zneobrivi moTxovnaa. igi gulisxmobs

gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis miukerZoeblobas,

maT mier gadawyvetilebis miRebas saqmis faqtobrivi masalis

mixedviT da gamoricxavs maTi mxridan subieqtivizms, ten-

denciurobas, rasac saboloo jamSi mivyavarT sabraldebo

gadaxramde.

aRniSnuli principis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare eWvmita-

nilis, braldebulisa da damcvelis yvela gancxadeba da

saCivari udanaSaulobisa Tu naklebi bralis, danaSaulSi

sxva pirTa monawileobis, danaSaulis gamoZiebis an sasa-

marTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros kanonierebis sxva dar-

Rvevebis Taobaze guldasmiT unda Semowmdes.

saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi

gamokvleva gamoricxavs mtkicebis procesSi ukanono da

arazneobrivi saSualebebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.

magaliTad, braldebulisagan an procesis sxva subieqtebi-

sagan Cvenebis CamorTmevas Zaladobis, muqaris, SantaJis da

sxva ukanono meTodebis gamoyenebiT.

gamomZiebeli, prokurori movaleni arian miiRon kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi,

sruli, obieqturi gamokvlevis uzrunvelsayofad, raTa

saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebi dadgindes im saxiT, rogorc

maT hqondaT sinamdvileSi adgili. sasamarTlo inarCunebs

ra obieqturobasa da miukerZoeblobas uzrunvelyofs

braldebisa da dacvis mxareebs saqmis garemoebebis

yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamokvlevisaTvis sa-

Tanado pirobebiT, maT Soris mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaSi

monawileobis SesaZleblobiT.

gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis miukerZoe-

bloba gulisxmobs imas, rom aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis

pirebi ar unda iyvnen dainteresebuli saqmis SedegiT, rac

gamoricxavs maT monawileobas samarTalwarmoebaSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom udanaSaulobis prezumfciis principis

realizacia praqtikulad problematuri iqneboda kanoni

procesis mwarmoebeli organosagan rom ar moiTxovdes

saqmis garemobebis yovelmxriv, obieqtur da srul gamokv-

levas. Tavis mxriv, aRniSnuli principis dacvis garantias

warmoadgens braldebis mtkicebis movaleobis braldebu-

lisaTvis dakisrebis akrZalva.

saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi, sruli, obieqturi

gamokvlevis principi udevs safuZvlad sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeTa gaerTianebasa da gamoyofas, piris braldebulis

saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemas, sabraldebo daskvnis Sedgenas,

ganaCenis gamotanas.

saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi, sruli, obieqturi

gamokvleva uzrunvelyofs saqmeze kanonieri, dasabuTebuli

da samarTliani gadawyvetilebis miRebas, saqmeSi monawile

pirTa uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvas da rac

yvelaze mniSvnelovania saqmis garemoebebis, yovelmxrivi,

sruli, obieqturi gamokvleva aris sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenis Seucvleli winapiroba.

14) mtkicebulebis Sefaseba Sinagani rwmeniT14) mtkicebulebis Sefaseba Sinagani rwmeniT

mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba mtkicebis procesis erT-erTi

etapia. mtkicebis procesi aris Semecnebis procesi, sadac

dgindeba WeSmariteba. mtkicebis procesis elementebi _

mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba, damagreba, Semowmeba da Sefaseba,

168 169

urTierTkavSirSia, erTi mTliani procesia. praqtiulad

warmoudgenelia mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba, damagreba da

Semowmeba maTi Sefasebis gareSe.

unda iTqvas, rom mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba ar aris mx-

olod saxelmwifo organoTa monopolia. mtkicebulebebs

afaseben rogorc procesis mwarmoebeli saxelmwifo orga-

nos Tanamdebobis pirebi, aseve procesis is monawilenic,

romelTac damoukidebuli saproceso interesi gaaCniaT

saqmeSi (eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli, maTi dam-

cveli, dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli, samoqalaqo

mosarCele, samoqalaqo mopasuxe da maTi warmomadgeneli).

amasTan gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis mier mt-

kicebulebaTa Sefasebis safuZvelze sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeze miiReba gadawyvetileba, xolo procesis danarCeni

monawileebis mier mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba qmnis bazas

saCivris, gancxadebis, Suamdgomlobis SedgenisaTvis.

mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba es aris sisxlis samarTlis

procesis subieqtebis azrobrivi saqmianobis Sedegi, romel-

ic moicavs mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxebobis, dasaSvebobis,

utyuarobis da sakmarisobis dadgenas.

mtkicebelebaTa Sesaxeboba gulisxmobs mis damokideb-

ulebas sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan. mocemuli saqmis

Sesaxebia mtkicebuleba, romelic naTels hfens saqmis Tun-

dac erT romelime garemoebas, erT detals da aqedan

gamomdinare kavSirSia am saqmesTan.

mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba gulisxmobs mis vargisian-

obas. uvargisia, dauSvebelia mtkicebuleba, Tu misi mop-

ovebisas darRveulia saproceso kodeqsis moTxovnebi. mt-

kicebuleba dauSveblad miiCneva procesis mwarmoebeli

organos Tanamdebobis piris dadgenilebiT da igi saqmidan

unda iyos amoRebuli.

mtkicebulebaTa utyuaroba gulisxmobs mis saimedoobas,

sarwmunoobas. utyuaria mtkicebuleba, romlis sarwmunoo-

bis xarisxi maRalia.

mtkicebulebaTa sakmarisoba gansazRvravs mtkicebis

farglebs. sakmarisoba mxolod mtkicebulebaTa raodenobas

ar gulisxmobs. igi mtkicebulebaTa Tvisobriv maxasiaTeb-

elsac warmoadgens. SeiZleba iTqvas, sakmarisoba wminda

SefasebiTi kategoriaa. aris Tu ara sakmarisi saqmeze

Sekrebili mtkicebulebebi piris damnaSaved cnobis Sesaxeb

gadawyvetilebis misaRebad _ procesis mwarmoebelma or-

ganom da Tanamdebobis pirma unda Seafason.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-19 muxlis

Tanaxmad, araviTar mtkicebulebas ara aqvs winaswar dadge-

nili Zala. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle da sasa-

marTlo mtkicebulebebs afaseben TavianTi Sinagani rwmeniT.

rwmena ar aris arc intuicia, arc varaudi. rwmena fsiqolo-

giur literaturaSi ganixileba rogorc gare samyaros

Semecnebis Sedegi. procesualistebi ganixilaven rwmenas

`SinaganTan~ erTad, rogorc mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis me-

Tods, saSualebas, kriteriums, rogorc mtkicebulebaTa

Sefasebis Sedegs.

mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba Sinagani rwmeniT ar niSnavs

mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas subieqturi mosazrebebisa da

piradi Sexedulebebis safuZvelze. Sinagani rwmena unda

emyarebodes saqmis masalebis yovelmxriv, srulyofil da

obieqtur gamokvlevasa da Seswavlas. amasTan sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesSi gansazRvrulia mtkicebulebebis Tav-

isufali Sefaseba. rac imas niSnavs, rom procesis mwar-

moebeli organos erTi Tanamdebobis piris mier mtkiceb-

ulebebis Sefasebis Sedegi savaldebulo ar aris meore

pirisaTvis. gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle cal-

170 171

calke, damoukideblad afaseben yvela mtkicebulebebs.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis subieqtebi mtkicebule-

baTa Sefasebisas xelmZRvaneloben kanoniT da marTlSegnebiT.

es imas niSnavs, rom mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebisas unda iyos

gamoyenebuli saproceso kanonis normebi. aucilebelia mt-

kicebulebaTa Sefasebis subieqts hqondes moqmedi sapro-

ceso kanonmdeblobis saTanado codna da misi analizisa da

ganzogadebis unari.

kanonis Tanaxmad, arc erT mtkicebulebas ara aqvs wi-

naswar dadgenili Zala. es imas niSnavs, rom ar arsebobs

prioritetuli mtkicebuleba. iyo periodi, roca eqspertis

daskvnas, bralis aRiarebas upiratesoba eniWeboda. cxadia,

es Secdoma iyo. bralis aRiareba calsaxad ar niSnavs imas,

rom danaSauli braldebulis mier aris Cadenili, radgan

bralis aRiarebas SeiZleba adgili hqondes sxvadasxva mo-

tiviT, kerZod, ufro mZime danaSaulis Cadenis dafarvis

gamo, axlobeli adamianis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismge-

blobisagan ganTavisuflebis mizniT, kriminaluri avto-

ritetis saxelis damkvidrebis motiviT, angarebis, muqaris,

SantaJis gamo da a.S. amitom bralis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi

saqmis garemoebebi unda iyos gamokvleuli srulad da

yovelmxriv iseve, rogorc bralis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi.

kanonis Tanaxmad, bralis aRiareba, Tu is ar dasturdeba

sxva mtkicebulebebiT, sakmarisi ar aris mis mier danaSau-

lis Cadenis Sesaxeb daskvnisaTvis. ganaCeni SeiZleba efuZne-

bodes mxolod erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul mtkicebulebaTa

erTobliobas. yvela mtkicebuleba unda iyos Sefasebuli

rogorc cal-calke, izolirebulad, ise mTlianobaSi

saqmeze Sekrebil yvela masalaTa erTobliobaSi.

mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba erTobliobaSi ar niSnavs imas,

rom mniSvneloba aqvs mxolod zogad STabeWdilebas, aramed

imas, rom ar aris gamorCeuli arc erTi maTgani. ganaCenis

aRwerilobiT-samotivacio nawilSi sasamarTlom unda daas-

abuTos ratom ar eTanxmeba ama Tu im mtkicebulebas, an

ratom udevs ganaCens safuZvlad sxva mtkicebulebas.

mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba unda iyos damyarebuli saqmis

masalebis yovelmxriv, srul, obieqtur gamokvlevaze. mt-

kicebulebaTa Sefasebazea damokidebuli ZiriTadi sapro-

ceso gadawyvetilebebis (braldebis wayeneba, aRkveTis

RonisZiebebis SerCeva, Secvla, gauqmeba, winaswari gamoZie-

bis SeCereba, Sewyveta, sabraldebo daskvnis Sedgena, gan-

aCenis Sedgena) miReba.

mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba Sinagani rwmeniT warmoadgens

gamomZieblis da prokuroris mier kanoniT dadgenil far-

glebSi gadawyvetilebis miRebisas damoukideblobis erT-erT

winapirobas, mosamarTleTa damoukideblobisa da maTi mx-

olod kanonisadmi daqvemdebarebis principis realizaciis

winapirobas.

15) sisxlis samarTlis procesis uSualoba da zepi-15) sisxlis samarTlis procesis uSualoba da zepi-

robaroba

sisxlis samarTlis procesis uSualoba gulisxmobs,

upirveles yovlisa, gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis

valdebulebas saqmis warmoebisas uSualod, TviTon dakiTx-

on braldebuli, gansasjeli, dazaralebuli, mowme; Seis-

wavlon da moisminon eqspertis daskvna, Seamowmon nivTieri

mtkicebuleba. sasamarTlom ganaCens safuZvlad unda daudos

mxolod is mtkicebulebebi, romlebic uSualod gamoikvlia

da ganixila sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa monawileobiT.

mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva sasamarTloSi unda ganxor-

cieldes sasamarTlos sruli SemadgenlobiT. dauSvebelia

erT-erT mosamarTles daevalos romelime sasamarTlo mo-

qmedebis Catareba.

172 173

uSualobis principis ZaliT procesis mwarmoebeli

organos Tanamdebobis pirma uSualod unda aRiqvas yvela

mtkicebuleba da uSualod unda Seafasos isini.

uSualobis principi moicavs moTxovnas, rom gamomZie-

belma, prokurorma, mosamarTlem faqtobrivi monacemebi

miiRos pirvelwyarodan, piradad gamoikvlios isini da aseve

uSualod gamoiyenos saqmeze Tavisi daskvnebis dasasabuTe-

blad. procesis mwarmoebelma organom da Tanamdebobis

pirma uSualod unda dakiTxos TviTmxilveli mowme, uSu-

alod unda gamoikvlios dokumentis dedani, nivTieri mt-

kicebulebebi. pirvelwyarod unda iyos miCneuli ara mx-

olod dokumentis dedani an sagnis originali, aramed piri,

romelmac Seadgina dokumenti, waradgina mocemuli sagani.

pirvelad mtkicebulebebs ufro meti sizuste da saime-

dooba axasiaTebs, vidre nawarmoeb mtkicebulebebs, radgan

isini yovelTvis gaSualebulni arian da maTi gamoyeneba

yovelTvis zrdis arasruli informaciis miRebis albaTobas,

magram im SemTxvevaSi, roca pirveladi mtkicebulebebi

miuwvdomelia sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs gamoiyenos nawar-

moebi mtkicebulebebi.

uSualobis principi moicavs sasamarTloSi sagamoZiebo

moqmedebaTa oqmebisa da sxva dokumentebis gamoqveynebas

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebiT. mocemuli oqmebi

asaxaven gamomZieblis mier sxvadasxva moqmedebaTa aRqmis

Sedegebs da warmoadgenen pirvelad mtkicebulebebs. gamokv-

levisa da gamoqveynebis gareSe sasamarTlo ar aris ufle-

bamosili daeyrdnos am mtkicebulebebs ganaCenSi. uSualo-

bis principis ZaliT saqmis ganxilva unda mimdinareobdes

sasamarTlos ucvleli SemadgenlobiT da uwyvetad1, rac

1 samwuxarod, moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT sasamarTlo ganxilvis uwyvetobis

principi gauqmebulia. arada uwyvetobis principis mixedviT sasamarTlos uSu-

uzrunvelyofs mosamarTlis mier mtkicebulebaTa aRqmis

mTlianobas da xels Seuwyobs misi Sinagani rwmenis sworad

formirebas.

aRniSnuli principis meSveobiT mxareebi Sedian uSualo

kontaqtSi erTmaneTTan da sasamarTlosTan, eZlevaT re-

aluri SesaZlebloba aqtiurad miiRon monawileoba yvela

mtkicebulebis gamokvlevaSi, romlebic SeiZleba daedos

safuZvlad ganaCens.


me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad uSualobis principidan gadaxveva

dasaSvebia mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.

kerZod, sssk 473-e muxlis Tanaxmad Tu gansasjelma Tavi

damnaSaved scno da es aRiareba nebayoflobiTia, ar iwvevs

sasamarTlos eWvs da mxareebic ar arian winaaRmdegni,

sasamarTlo gamoZieba SeiZleba ar Catardes da sasamarTlo

gadavides sasamarTlo kamaTze. aseve, kanonSi 2006 wlis

28 aprils Sesuli cvlilebebiT saapelacio wesiT saqmis

ganxilvisas daiSveba mxolod saapelacio instanciaSi war-

modgenili saqmisaTvis axali mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva,

xolo pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi gamokvleuli

yvela mtkicebuleba miiCneva gamokvleulad, garda calkeu-

li gamonaklisisa. uSualobis principis SezRudva saapel-

acio instanciaSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, faqtobrivad azrs

ukargavs gasaCivrebas, radgan apelacia arsebiTad saqmis

xelaxla ganxilvas gulisxmobs.

uSualoobasTan erTad sssk me-20 muxliT reglamen-

tirebuli zepirobis principi.

zepiroba warmoadgens procesis monawileTa kontaqtis

formas erTmaneTTan da procesis mwarmoebel organosTan.

alod unda aReqva da daemaxsovrebina mxolod mocemuli saqmis masalebi da am

saqmis ganxilvis uSualo STabeWdilebiT unda Sesuliyo saTaTbiro oTaxSi.

174 175

kanonis Tanaxmad, winaswar gamoZiebasa da sasamarTlo

ganxilvis dros dakiTxuli piri Cvenebas iZleva zepirad.

dakiTxvac xorcieldeba zepirad. Cveneba oqmSi unda iqnes

Setanili.

marTalia, zepiroba gamoiyeneba winaswar gamoZiebaSic,

magram igi srulad vlindeba sasamarTloSi. zepirobis pi-

robebSi ufro meti SesaZleblobaa sasamarTlom SeinarCu-

nos obieqturoba da damoukidebloba amasTanave, ufro

srulad realizdeba mxareTa Tanasworobac, radgan mxa-

reebi roca procesSi pirispir imyofebian zepiri forma

xdeba maTi urTierTobis yvelaze xelsayreli saSualeba.

sasamarTlo ganxilvis zepiroba gamoixateba imaSic, rom

mtkicebuleba mosamarTlem unda aRiqvas zepirad da igi

aseve zepirad unda iyos ganxiluli procesis monawileTa

mier. sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa werilobiTi gaformeba (oqmis

Sedgena) ki xels uwyobs maT sworad fiqsacias da exmare-

ba zemdgom sasamarTlos Seamowmos sasamarTlos mier miRe-

buli gadawyvetilebis kanoniereba da dasabuTebuloba.

zepiroba gansazRvravs procesis subieqtebis urTier-

Tobas, warmoadgens maTi sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis formas

da mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis meTods. am principis Zal-

iT saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone yvela masala, yvela

saproceso moqmedeba, sasamarTlo sxdomaze wamoWrili

yvela sakiTxi gadmoicema zepiri formiT. sasamarTlom unda

moisminos zepirad Cvenebebi, mxareTa ganmartebebi, gancxa-

debebi, Suamdgomlobebi, gamoqveynebuli oqmebi da sxva

dokumentebi, aseve sabraldebo da dacviTi sityvebi, gan-

sasjelis sabolo sityva.

rac Seexeba oqmebis da sxva dokumentebis gamoqveynebas,

am SemTxvevaSi zepirobis principi uSualobis princips

erwymis. amasTan zepirobis principi gulisxmobs imasac,

rom faqtobrivi monacemebi SeZlebisdagvarad unda gamom-

dinareobdes mtkicebulebaTa wyarodan zepirad da ara

mxolod dokumentidan, romelsac SenarCunebuli aqvs

werilobiTi forma. roca nivTieri mtkicebulebebia saqmeSi,

unda daikiTxos is piri, romelmac waradgina sagani, nivTi

an miiRo monawileoba maT aRmoCenaSi da amoRebaSi, radgan

fizikuri piris sityvieri ganmartebis gareSe sagani, nivTi

arasakmarisad informaciuli iqneba. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

sasamaroTlos ganaCeni unda iyos dafuZnebuli mxolod im

mtkicebulebebze, romlebic gamokvleuli iyo sasamarTlo

procesze. aseTi gamokvleva ki unda moxdes zepiri formiT.

amasTan kanoni uSvebs zepirobis proncipis SezRudvasac.

kerZod, moyvanis Sesaxeb (sssk 175-e m. me-4 naw.), qonebaze

yadaRis dadebis Sesaxeb (sssk 197-e m.) sasamarTlo brZane-

bis gamotanis Taobaze Suamdgomloba sasamarTlos mier

ganixileba zepiri mosmenis gareSe; saqarTvelos uzenaesi

sasamarTlos did palataSi sasamarTloSi wesrigis dar-

Rvevis Sesaxeb mosamarTlis gankargulebaze saCivari ganix-

ileba zepiri mosmenis gareSe (sssk 208-e m.); saapelacio

sasamarTlo zepiri mosmenis gareSe ganixilavs saCivars

naklebad mZime kategoriis danaSaulTa saqmeebze, aseve sa-

Civars mxolod sasjelis Semcirebis Taobaze (sssk 529-e

m.).

sisxlis samarTlis procesis uSualoba da zepiroba

warmaodgens SejibrebiTobisa da saqveynoobis principis

realizaciis saSualebas.

16) saproceso moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebis gasa-16) saproceso moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebis gasa-

Civrebis Tavisufleba.Civrebis Tavisufleba.

gasaCivrebis Tavisufleba saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi

principia. igi gaTvaliswinebulia mraval saerTaSoriso

176 177

dokumentSi, kerZod, samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa

Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtis me-4 muxlSi, adamianis ufle-

baTa da TavisuflebaTa Sesaxeb evropis konvenciis me-5

mexlSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa

dacvis konvencia iTvaliswinebs nebismieri piris uflebas

mimarTos evropul sasamarTlos (romelic mdebareobs

strasburgSi) siCivriT. aRniSnuli sasamarTlo saCivars

gansaxilvelad iRebs mxolod mas Semdeg, rac gamoyenebuli

iyo dacvis yvela saSualeba 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi Sesabam-

isi saxelmwifo organoebis mier saboloo gadawyvetileb-

is miRebis Semdeg. saqme ganixileba Ria sasamarTlo sxdo-

maze sajaroobis principis dacviT.

saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, TiToeul mo-

qalaqes garantirebuli aqvs misi uflebebisa da Tavisufle-

bebis sasamarTlo dacva. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasa-

marTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT araerTxel miiCnia ara-

konstituciurad gasaCivrebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis gamo

sssk-is normebi, ris safuZvelzec amJamad daiSveba sasa-

marTlo wesiT gasaCivreba, kerZod, saqmis Sewyvetis, qone-

baze yadaRis dadebis, sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi wes-

rigis darRvevisa da mosamarTlis SeuracxyofisaTvis dapa-

timrebis gamoyenebisas miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis da a.S.

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis ufleba am-

cirebs sasamarTlo Secdomebis albaTobas da kanonieri da

samarTliani gadawyvetilebis miRebis winapirobas warmoad-

gens. swored amitomac aris sasamarTloSi mimarTvis da

Sesabamisad gasaCivrebis ufleba garantirebuli konsti-

tuciiTa da saerTaSoriso normebiT.


21-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarT-

los moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes

sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawilis mier.

procesis mwarmoebeli organo ara mxolod movalea

ganumartos es ufleba procesis subieqtebs, aramed uzrun-

velyos kidec isini am uflebis ganxorcielebis SesaZle-

blobiT.

gasaCivrebis Tavisufleba moqmedebs rogorc sasamarT-

loSi, aseve winaswar gamoZiebaSi. magaliTad, gamomZieblis

moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba saCivrdeba prokurorTan.

prokuroris moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba gasaCivrdeba zem-

dgom prokurorTan; gamomZieblis, prokuroris moqmedeba an

gadawyvetileba aseve SeiZleba gasaCivrdes uSualod sasa-

marTloSi; aRkveTis RonisZebis saxiT dapatimrebis gasa-

Civreba SeiZleba saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo

kolegiaSi; msjavrdebuls, dazaralebuls, samoqalaqo

mosarCeles, samoqalaqo mopasuxes ufleba aqvT pirveli

instanciis sasamarTlos ganaCeni gaasaCivron aranakleb or

sasamarTlo instanciaSi.

amasTan, saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gasaCivrebis Tav-

isufleba yovelTvis ar aris uzrynvelyofili. magaliTad,

kanonis Tanaxmad, braldebulis saxiT sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxismgeblobaSi micemis Sesaxeb dadgenileba ar SeiZle-

ba gasaCivrdes dacvis mxaris mier sasamarTloSi, rac

gasaCivrebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvas warmoadgens.

sayuradReboa saproceso kanonis moTxovna, kerZod, sssk

21-e muxlis II nawilis Tanaxmad, organos, romelic process

awarmoebs ufleba ara aqvs, saCivari gamoiyenos saCivris

Semtani piris an im piris sazianod, romlis interesebis

dasacavadac igi iyo Setanili, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca

sxva pirma an organom Seitana sawinaaRmdego xasiaTis sa-

Civari, anda saCivris Semowmebisas dadginda sxva garemoe-

178 179

bebi. magaliTad, saapelacio sasamarTlos ufleba ara aqvs

gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis nacvlad gamoitanos gamamtyune-

beli ganaCeni an sxvagvarad gaauaresos msjavrdebulis

mdgomareoba, Tu saqmis gadasinjva xdeba mxolod gansasje-

lis, damcvelis saapelacio saCivris safuZvelze (sssk

540-e m. I naw), magram Tu prokurorma, dazaralebulma

Seitanes saapelacio saCivari swored am moTxovniT da maT

aseTi pozicia ekavaT pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi,

saapelacio instancias ufleba aqvs gamoitanos gamamarTle-

beli ganaCenis nacvlad gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni an sxvag-

varad gaauaresos msjavrdebulis mdgomareoba.

Tavi VTavi V

procesis monawileni

$1. sasamarTlo$1. sasamarTlo

saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis Tanaxmad:

`yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Tavis uflebaTa da Tavisufle-

baTa dasacavad mimarTos sasamarTlos. yoveli piri unda

gansajos mxolod im sasamarTlom, romlis iurisdiqciasac

eqvemdebareba misi saqme.~

`sasamarTlo is erTaderTi organoa, romelsac eniWeba

saxelmwifos saxeliT saqmeze:

a) marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis,

b) procesSi monawile pirTa konstituciuri uflebe-

bis da Tavisuflebebis SemzRudvel saproceso moqmedebebze

nebarTvis gacemis,

g) gamomZieblisa da prokuroris qmedebebze da aqtebze

saCivrebis ganxilvis, d)sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gad-

awyvetilebis kanonierebis da dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis,

gadasinjvis an Secvlis uflebamosileba.

swored es ganapirobebs sasamarTlos gansakuTrebul

adgils procesis mwarmoebel pirTa sistemaSi.

sasamarTlos kompetencias ganekuTvneba:sasamarTlos kompetencias ganekuTvneba:

1. brZanebis gacema moqalaqeTa konstituciuri ufle-

bebisa da Tavisuflebebis SemzRudvel Semdeg saproceso

moqmedebaTa Sesaxeb: braldebulis dapatimreba da patimro-

bis vadis gagrZeleba; braldebulis mimarT sxva aRkveTis

RonisZiebis gamoyeneba; samedicino dawesebulebaSi eqsper-

tizisaTvis piris moTavseba; safosto-satelegrafo kore-

spondenciaze da safosto gzavnilze yadaRis dadeba, maTi

180 181

Semowmeba da amoReba; Cxreka da amoReba; sacxovrebeli

binis an sxva mflobelobis daTvaliereba mflobel pirTa

nebis sawinaaRmdegod; eWvmitanilisa da braldebulis qone-

baze yadaRis dadeba, Tanamdebobidan (samuSaodan) maTi ga-

dayeneba.

2. sssk iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis mier

ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlo da sagamoZiebo organoebi-

saTvis sasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis gagzavnis SesaZleblobas,

rac regulirdeba Sesabamis saxelmwifosTan dadebuli

ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi xelSekrulebebiT.

3. sssk sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) uflebas aZlevs

calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Casatareblad davaleba

gaugzavnos imave an qvemdgom sxva sasamarTlos (mosamar-

Tles), Tu am moqmedebis Catareba SeuZlebelia sasamarTlo

ganxilvis adgilas, magram dauSvebelia sasamarTlo davaleb-

is gagzavna zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlosTvis. magali-

Tad, quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlos ss saqmeTa saapel-

acio palata ar aris uflebamosili sasamarTlo davaleba

gaugzavnos saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos ss saqmeTa

palatas.

4. sasamarTlos mier kerZo ganCinebis (dadgenilebis)

gamotana:

a) moqalaqeTa uflebebis darRvevisa Tu kanonis sxva dar-

RvevaTa gamovlenisas, romlebic daSvebuli iyo winas-

wari gamoZiebis an qvemdgomi sasamarTlos mier saqmis

ganxilvisas.

b) sawarmos, dawesebulebis an organizaciisaTvis infor-

maciis miwodebis mizniT moqalaqis mier sazogadoe-

brivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas maRali Segnebulobis,

vaJkacobis gamovlenis Sesaxeb, ramac xeli Seuwyo da-

naSaulis aRkveTas an gaxsnas.

g). saxelmwifo organos, sazogadoebrivi organizaciis,

politikuri gaerTianebis an Tanamdebobis piris yura-

dRebis miqcevis mizniT saqmeze dadgenili kanonis dar-

Rvevis faqtze, danaSaulis Cadenis mizezsa da xelSew-

yob pirobebze, romlebic saWiroebs saTanado zomebis

miRebas.

kerZo ganCineba (kerZo dadgenileba) gamotanisTanave

unda gadaegzavnos adresats, romelmac 1 Tvis vadaSi unda

acnobos sasamarTlos gatarebuli zomebis Sesaxeb.

sssk adgens sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) movaleobas

zepiri mosmenis gareSe saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis

SemTxvevaSi mxares misces SesaZlebloba, werilobiT war-

moadginos mosazrebebi sasamarTloSi mxaris mier gansax-

ilvelad Setanil SuamdgomlobasTan dakavSirebiT.1

5. marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba: sasamarTlo war-

moadgens sisxlis samarTlis procesis umTavres subieqts,

romelic axorcielebs saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis fun-

qcias. mxolod sasamarTlos aqvs saqmeze marTlmsajuleb-

is ganxorcielebis ufleba. mxolod sasamarTlos aqvs

ufleba scnos piri damnaSaved misTvis Seracxuli danaSau-

lis CadenaSi da ganusazRvros mas konkretuli saxis da

zomis sasjeli.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze marTlmsajulebis ganx-

orcielebis uflebamosileba eniWeba: raionul (saqalaqo)

sasamarTlos, saapelacio sasamarTlos da saqarTvelos

uzenaes sasamarTlos. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba krZa-

1. sssk sisxlis samarTlis saqmis zepiri mosmenis gareSe pirveli in-

stanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis SesaZleblobas ar iTvaliswinebs. sssk

uSvebs saapelacio da sakasacio instanciebis sasamarTloebis mier zepiri

mosmenis gareSe zogierTi saCivris (da ara sisxlis samarTlis saqmis) ganx-

ilvis SesaZleblobas. amasTan am SemTxvevaSi ixileba ara Suamdgomloba,

aramed–saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari.

182 183

lavs specialuri da sagangebo sasamarTloebis Seqmnas.

samxedro sasamarTloebis Seqmna daiSveba mxolod saomari

mdgomareobis dros da saerTo sasamarTloebis sistemaSi.

sasamarTlo ar aris SeboWili zemdgomi instanciis

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebiT, Tu isini zRudaven mosa-

marTlis Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze ganaCenis gamotanis

SesaZleblobas. mosamarTle damoukidebelia rogorc

saxelmwifo da TvimmarTvelobis adgilobrivi organoebis,

saxelmwifo da politikuri gaerTianebis mxridan zewolis-

agan, aseve zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos da Tanamdebo-

bis pirebis Carevisagan maT saqmianobaSi gadawyvetilebis

miRebaze zegavlenis mizniT. sasamarTlo axorcielebs

yvela zomas saqmis swori, samarTliani da drouli gadaw-

yvetisaTvis. Tavis saqmianobaSi sasamarTlo damoukidebelia

da emorCileba mxolod kanons.

sasamarTlo arsebiTad ganixilavs saqmes da axdens

gamoZiebis organoebis da dacvis mxaris mier warmodge-

nili mtkicebulebebis detalur da safuZvlian gamokvl-

evas. arc erTi mxaris pozicias, arc erT mtkicebulebas

sasamarTlosaTvis winaswar dadgenili Zala ara aqvs. sasa-

marTlo valdebulia yovelmxriv da sruli moculobiT

Seiswavlos saqmis masalebi, moisminos procesis yvela

monawilis Cvenebebi, uSualod Seamowmos da Seafasos

saqmeSi arsebuli yvela mtkicebuleba, maT Soris dacvis

specialuri saSualebebis gamoyenebis gziT mopovebuli.

procesis SejibrebiTobis da mowmeTa Tanabar pirobebSi

dakiTxvis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT sssk 1091

muxli krZalavs saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros sasamarT-

loSi procesis monawilis dakiTxvas misi vinaobis gasaid-

umloebiT an identificirebis SecvliT. uSualobis prin-

cipidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos ganaCeni SeiZleba eyrd-

nobodes mxolod sasamarTlos mier uSualod Seswavlil

mtkicebulebebs, amitomac, sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas

procesis yvela monawile unda daikiTxos uSualod. sasa-

marTlos ganaCeni gamoaqvs saqmeSi arsebuli yvela mtkice-

bulebis Seswavlis, Semowmebis da sakuTari Sinagani rwmenis

safuZvelze.

sasamarTlo valdebulia gamoitanos kanonieri, das-

abuTebuli da samarTliani ganaCeni da am mizniT uzrun-

velyos saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxrivi da sruli Ses-

wavla.

sasamarTlos saqmianoba emyareba kanonis da sasamarTlos

winaSe Tanasworobis, SejibrebiTobis, saqveynoobis, sasa-

marTlos damoukideblobis, miukerZoeblobis, saqmis gare-

moebaTa yovelmxriv, srulyofilad da obieqturad ganxil-

vis, saqmeTa erTpirovnulad da kolegialurad ganxilvis,

sasamarTlos Semadgenlobis ucvlelobis, ganaCenis Sinagani

rwmenis safuZvelze dadgenis da sxva principebs.

sasamarTlo ar aris sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis

organo, igi ar axorcielebs arc braldebis da arc dacvis

funqcias. sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvisas dacvis da

braldebis funqciebi gamijnulia da sasamarTlo axorcie-

lebs saqmis ganxilvis funqcias. uzrunvelyofs monawile

subieqtebis mier kanonierebis dacvas da maTi uflebebis

da kanonieri interesebis xelSeuxeblobas. mxarisaTvis

upiratesobis miniWebis gareSe Tanabar SesaZleblobebs

uqmnis mxareebs uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvisaTvis;

saWiro pirobebs uqmnis braldebis da dacvis mxareebs mt-

kicebulebebis wardgenisaTvis, maTi yovelmxrivi da sruli

gamokvlevisaTvis, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis nebismier

sakiTxze sakuTari azris gamoTqmis, acilebis da Suamdgom-

lobis gancxadebisaTvis.

184 185

sasamarTlo valdebulia Tavi Seikavos mtkicebulebaTa

Ziebisagan vinaidan mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCena, warmodgena da

gamokvleva mxareTa kompetencias ganekuTvneba. magram Tu

mxares uZneldeba mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCena-wardgena, daex-

maros mas mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovaSi.

sasamarTlo saqmes ixilavs erTpirovnulad an kole-

gialurad 3 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT, xolo uzenaesi

sasamarTlos didi palata _ 9 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.

yvela mosamarTle Tanabaruflebiania da Tanabrad

monawileobs saqmis ganxilvaSi. yvela mosamarTles saqmis

ganxilvisas mtkicebulebaTa ganxilvaSi monawileobisa da

gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis Tanabari ufleba aqvs. Sesabam-

isad, ganaCenic xmaTa umravlesobiT gamoitaneba. arc erT

mosamarTles ara aqvs ufleba Tavi Seikavos xmis micemisa-

gan.

kerZod, saqarTvelos sssk-is Tanaxmad saqmeTa erT-

pirovnulad ganxilvas, rogorc wesi, axorcieleben:

1. magistrati mosamarTleebi-saproceso iZulebis

RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb da sssk gaTvaliswinebul

sxva SemTxevevebSi, magram, Tu raionul (saqalaqo) sasa-

marTloSi aris mosamarTleTa sakmarisi raodenoba kole-

giuri SemadgenlobiT saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, erTpirovnu-

lad saqmis ganmxilvel magistrat mosamarTles SeuZlia

daadginos saqmis kolegiuri ganxilva sami mosamarTlis

SemadgenlobiT, Tu:

a) saqmis ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlo praqtikisaTvis;

b) saqme faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT

gansakuTrebuli sirTuliT xasiaTdeba.

imavdroulad raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo ufle-

bamosilia daadginos gansakuTrebiT mZime kategoriis dana-

SaulTa sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze saqmeTa kolegialu-

rad ganxilva.

2. saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis mosa-

marTle erTpirovnulad ganixilavs saCivrebs saproceso

samarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZiebis gamoyenebaze, maTi vadis

gagrZelebaze da sss kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva sakiTx-

ebze.

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos, saapelacio sasa-

marTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqmeebs ganixilavs kolegiurad, 3 mosamarTlis

SemadgenlobiT. magram saqarTvelos organuli kanoni

`saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb“ iTvaliswinebs

didi palatis mier gansakuTrebiT rTuli kategoriis

saqmeTa ganxilvas sakasacio wesiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu:

1. saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens iSviaT samarTlebriv

problemas;

2. sakasacio palata ar iziarebs saapelacio sasamarTlos

mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas;

3. sakasacio palata ar iziarebs didi palatis mier adre

Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas

saCivrebsa da wardginebebs axlad aRmoCenil da axlad-

gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze

saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mier gamotanili da

kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da sxva

Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvis

Sesaxeb saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmeTa palata ixilavs kolegiurad sami mosamarTlis

SemadgenlobiT.

gansjadobagansjadoba _ marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze uar-

is Tqma dauSvebelia. sasamarTlo gansjadobis mixedviT

valdebulia ganixilos sisxlis samarTlis saqme, wardgine-

186 187

ba, Suamdgomloba moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebis

SemzRudveli saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, sa-

Civari gamomZieblisa da prokuroris ukanono moqmedebebi-

sa da aqtebis gamo.

aravis ar SeiZleba aRekveTos ufleba misi saqme ganix-

ilos im sasamarTlom an im mosamarTlem, romlis gansja-

dobasac is kanoniT ganekuTvneba. saqarTvelos konsti-

tuciis 42-e muxlis Tanaxmad yoveli piri unda gansajos

mxolod im sasamarTlom romlis iurisdiqciasac eqvemde-

bareba misi saqme. gansjadobis kanoniT dadgenili wesis

Secvla dauSvebelia, Tumca aqedan arsebobs gamonaklisic.

rogorc wesi, raionuli, saqalaqo, sasamarTlos gan-

sjadobas mikuTvnebul sakiTxTa wre farToa sxva sasamarT-

loebTan SedarebiT da moicavs praqtikulad yvela katego-

riis sisxlis samarTlis saqmes misi simZimis da sirTu-

lisda miuxedavad. amasTan, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-

los ss saqmeTa palatisagan gansxvavebiT kanoni ar iTva-

liwinebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mier Tavisi

iurisdiqciis daTmobis SesaZleblobas sxva (magaliTad

saapelacio an uzenaesi sasamarTlos) sasamarTlos sasarge-

blod.

im sasamarTlos gansazRvrisas, romelmac unda ganixi-

los saqme, mxedvelobaSi miiReba sasamarTlos kompetencia.

imisaTvis rom dadgindes romeli sasamarTlos gansjadia

konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis saqme unda moxdes konk-

retuli saqmis Taviseburebebis da sasamarTlos kompe-

tenciis Sedareba-Tanxvedra. kanoniT pirdapir gaTval-

iswinebul SemTxvevebSi braldebuls ufleba aqvs airCios

sasamarTlos Semadgenloba, romelmac unda ganixilos

saqme.

gansjadobis sakiTxi wydeba prokuroris mier sasamarT-

loSi saqmis warmarTvisas da mosamarTlis mier. gansjado-

bis maregulirebeli sssk-is normebis mizania saqmis swrafi,

sruli da obieqturi ganxilvis uzrunvelyofa. am norme-

bis dacva SesaZleblobas aZlevs sasamarTlos saqme ganix-

ilos mowmeTa da saqmis SedegiT dainteresebul pirTa

umravlesobis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, gaiTval-

iswinos calkeuli kategoriis danaSaulTa (magaliTad

samxedro) specifika. amdenad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas,

rom yoveli saqme ixilebodes im sasamarTlos mier romlis

gansjadicaa. braldebuls ufleba aqvs icodes romeli

sasamarTloa kanonis mixedviT uflebamosili ganixilos

misi saqme. gans jadoba zustad unda iyos gansazRvruli

kanoniT da ar unda iyos damokidebuli saqmis sirTulis

`gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis~ subieqtur

kriteriumze, an procesis mwarmoebeli piris mier sakuTari

Sexedulebisamebr sasamarTlos arCevaze.

gansjadobis saxeebi:gansjadobis saxeebi:

saqarTvelos ss saproceso kanondebloba iTvaliswinebs

2 saxis gansjadobas:

1. sagnobrivs da

2. teritoriuls

1. sagnobrivi gansjadoba dgindeba kanoniT danaSaulTa

garkveuli kategoriis konkretuli sasamarTlosaTvis mi-

kuTvnebis gziT. swored am niSniT xdeba imis dadgena Tu

romel sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos aRniSnuli saqme,

gaimijnos saerTo da samxedro sasamarTloTa kompetencia.

swored sagnobrivi kompetencia iZleva SesaZleblobas gan-

isazRvros saqmeTa ganawileba sxvadasxva donis saerTo

sasamarTloebs Soris. igi adgens kanonis mier pirdapiri

miTiTebis gamoyenebis gziT raionuli, saapelacio da sakasa-

cio instanciis sasamarTloTa kompetencias.

188 189

amave dros, sssk gansazRvravs raionul (saqalaqo)

sasamarTlos da magistrati mosamarTlis komptenecias

mikuTvnebul sakiTxebs. magistrati mosamarTleebi pirveli

instanciis wesiT ganixilaven Suamdgomlobebs saproceso

samarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebis da sssk

gaTvaliswinebul sxva sakiTxebze.

raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo pirveli instanciiT

ganixilavs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebsa da masalebs kano-

niT dadgenili gansjadobis Sesabamisad. raionuli

(saqalaqo) sasamarTlo pirveli instanciiT aseve ganixi-

lavs Suamdgomlobebs saproceso samarTlebrivi iZulebis

RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebaze, maTi vadis gagrZelebaze da sss

kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva sakiTxebze im adminis-

traciul-teritoriul erTeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs

magistrati mosamarTle.

kerZod, sssk 48-e muxlis Tanaxmad, raionuli sasamarT-

los gansjadobas miekuTvneba saqmeebi mis samoqmedo teri-

toriaze Cadenil yvela kategoriis danaSaulze, kerZo

braldebis saqmeebi, Suamdgomlobebi moqalaqeTa konsti-

tuciuri uflebebis SezRudvasTan da saproceso iZulebis

sxva RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli sagamoZiebo da opera-

tiul-samZebro moqmedebebis Catarebis da maTi vadis gagr-

Zelebis Sesaxeb, aseve saCivrebi gamomZieblisa da proku-

roris ukanono moqmedebebze da uaryofil Suamdgomlobe-

bze.

saapelacio sasamarTlos gansjadia saapelacio saCiv-

rebi mis samoqmedo teritoriaze raionuli (saqalaqo)

sasamarTloebis mier pirveli instanciiT gamotanil gan-

aCenebsa da sxva Semajamebel sasamarTlo gadawyvetile-

bebze.

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeTa palatis gansjadia sakasacio saCivrebi saqarTvelos

saapelacio sasamarTloebis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa

palatebis mier gamotanil ganaCenebsa da sxva gadaw-

yvetilebebze, saCivrebi kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul, pirveli

instanciis sasamarTloebis mier gamotanil gadawyvetile-

bebze, ganaCenebisa da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis

gadasinjva axlad gamovlenil da axlad aRmoCenil gare-

moebaTa gamo, preiudiciasTan dakavSirebuli da sss kod-

eqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva sakiTxebis ganxilva (magal-

iTad muxli 2591)

raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos esoden farTo kom-

petencia gamowveulia imiT, rom swored es sasamarTloebi

warmoadgenen sasamarTlo sistemis ZiriTad rgols.

2. teritoriuli gansjadoba _ saSualebas iZleva erTi

donis sasarTloebs Soris kompetenciis gamijnvisa. Tu

sagnobrivi kompetenciis SemTxvevaSi pirdapir aris dadge-

nili danaSaulTa konkretuli Semadgenlobebis konkretu-

li sasamarTlos mier ganxilvis valdebuleba, terito-

riuli gansjadoba kidev ufro akonkretes mas da gansaz-

Rvravs sagnobrivi kompetenciis farglebSi konkretuli

danaSaulis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos.

1. rogorc wesi, sisxlis samarTlis saqme ganixileba

sasamarTloSi danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis mixedviT, xolo

Tu arsebobs danaSaulTa an erTi danaSaulis epizodTa

erToblioba, – yvelaze mZime danaSaulis an danaSaulis

epizodis Cadenis adgilis mixedviT.

2. winaswari gamoZiebis warmoebis adgilis mixedviT

moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebis SezRudvasTan da

saproceso iZulebis sxva RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli

sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo br-

Zanebis gacema, gamomZieblisa da prokuroris ukanono moq-

190 191

medebebis gamo Setanili saCivrebis gadawyveta, gamoZiebis

organoebisa da prokuroris mier uaryofili Suamdgom-

lobebis ganxilva.

sssk iTvaliswinebs am zogadi normidan gamonakliss da

adgens:

1. saproceso SeTanxmebis da sasjelisagan srulad gaTa-

visuflebis SemTxvevebSi ss saqmes ganixilavs sasamarT-

lo winaswari gamoZiebis damTavrebis adgilis mixed-

viT.

2. sasamarTlos Secvla zemdgomi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris

mier im SemTxvevaSi Tu procesis 105-e muxliT gaTval-

iswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas acilebuli iqna

raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos an saapelacio sasa-

marTlos mTeli Semadgenloba sakiTxs imave donis sxva

sasamarTloSi warmarTvis Sesaxeb wyvets zemdgomi

sasamarTlo instanciis Tavmjdomare. magram aq saerTod

ar aris miTiTebuli is kriteriumebi, romelTa safuZ-

velzec unda iqnes SerCeuli sxva raionuli (saqalaqo)

sasamarTlo aRniSnuli saqmis gansaxilvead, rac praq-

tikulad subieqturi gadawyvetilebis miRebis da dis-

kreciis farTo SesaZleblobas iTvalisiwnebs.

3. saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa da SeT-

anxmebaTa Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos moqalaqis mimarT

ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos ganaCenis saqarTvelo-

Si aRsrulebis sakiTxs gansjadobis dacviT, msjavrde-

bulis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT ganixilavs saqarT-

velos sasamarTlo.

4. ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da dadgenilebis gamomtani sasa-

marTlo wyvets ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da dadgenilebis

aRsasruleblad miqcevisas wamoWril iseT sakiTxebs,

rogorebicaa: ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba, jarimis,

sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sromis, Tavisuflebis

SezRudvis, gamasworebeli samuSaos sasjelis sxva

RonisZiebiT Secvla. magram Tu ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da

dadgenilebis aRsruleba xdeba ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da

dadgenilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos samoqmedo teri-

toriis gareT, am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebul

sakiTxebs wyvets imave donis sasamarTlo, xolo Tu

ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da dadgenilebis aRsrulebis adg-

ilze imave donis sasamarTlo ar arsebobs – zemdgomi

sasamarTlo. yvela SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gadaw-

yvetilebis asli egzavneba ganaCenis, ganCinebisa da

dadgenilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos.

5. sasjelis moxdis adgilze raionuli (saqalaqo) sasa-

marTlos dadgenilebiT wydeba iseTi sakiTxebi, rogor-

icaa: avadmyofobis an xandazmulobis gamo sasjelis

moxdisagan ganTavisufleba, sasjelis moxdis gada-

vadeba, sasjelis moxdisagan pirobiT vadamde ganTavisu-

fleba, sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi

sasjeliT Secvla, patimrobis saxiT sasjelis

mosaxdelad im piris gagzavna, romelsac pirobiT Tav-

isuflebis aRkveTa daeniSna.

6. msjavrdebulis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT raion-

uli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT wydeba

iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa: pirobiTi msjavris

gamosacdeli vadis Semcireba an gazrda anda pirobiTi

msjavris gauqmeba da msjavrdebulis gagzavna ganaCeniT

dadgenili sasjelis mosaxdelad, im msjavrdebulis

sasjelis moxdisagan ganTavisufleba, romlis mimarTac

gadavadebulia ganaCenis aRsruleba, ganaCenis aRsruleb-

is gadavadebis gauqmeba da msjavrdebulis gagzavna

ganaCeniT dadgenili sasjelis mosaxdelad.

192 193

7. sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis adgilis mixedviT gad-

audebel SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlis brZanebis gareSe

Catarebuli amoRebis, Cxrekis, sacxovrebeli binis an

sxva mflobelobis daTvalierebis SemTxvevaSi, proku-

rorma 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi unda acnobos da sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis masalebi gadasces im magistrat mosa-

marTles, (xolo misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi-im Sesabamis

raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos), romlis samoqmedo

teritoriazec Catarda aRniSnuli sagamoZiebo moq-

medeba. amasTan, SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli teritoria ar

warmoadgendes winaswari gamoZiebis teritorias (sssk

muxli 290).

imavdroulad sssk ar iTvaliswinebs raionuli

(saqalaqo) sasamarTloebs Soris kompetenciis gamijvnas

iseTi SemTxvevebisaTvis, rodesac rTuli an praqtikulad

SeuZlebelia danaSaulis Cadenis konkretuli adgilis

gansazRvra (magaliTad qurdoba Cadenili Tbilisi-baTumis

mimarTulebiT moZrav matarebelSi). rogorc wesi aq gam-

oiyeneba danaSaulis winaswari gamoZiebis dasrulebis

teritoriis principi, romlis Tanaxmad, aseTi saqmeebi im

sasamarTlos gansjadia, romlis samoqmedo teritoriazec

ganxorcielda winaswari gamoZieba da sxva.

sakiTxi saqmis qvemdebareobis Sesaxeb ganxiluli da

gadawyvetili unda iqnes winaswari gamoZiebis mwarmoebeli

organos mier sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gansjadobis mixed-

viT Sesabamis raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi wargzavnis

stadiaze. swored am etapze unda iqnes gancxadebuli Suam-

dgomloba gansjadobis Secvlis Taobaze. imavdroulad sssk

ar iTvaliswinebs procesis subieqtebis mxridan gansjado-

bis Secvlis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRZvris da am Suam-

dgomlobis safuZvelze gansjadobis Secvlis SesaZleblobas,

Tumca maT aniWebs mTlianad sasamarTlosaTvis acilebis

gancxadebis SesaZleblobas.

sssk Tanaxmad, erTaderTi subieqti, romelsac ufleba

aqvs gansjadobis Secvlis SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos zemdgom

sasamarTlos aris saqmis mwarmoebeli prokurori da masac

sasamarTlos gansjadobis Secvlis moTxovna SeuZlia an:

1. mowmeTa/ dazaralebulTa umravlesobis adgilsamyofelis; an

2. winaswari gamoZiebis damTavrebis adgilis sasamarT-

loTi.

kerZod, zemdgomi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare uflebam-

osilia prokuroris SuamdgomlobiT sisxlis samarTlis

saqme gansaxilvelad gadasces sxva sasamarTlos winaswari

gamoZiebis damTavrebis adgilis an saqmeSi monawile

dazaralebulTa da mowmeTa umravlesobis adgilsamyofelis

mixedviT.

imavdroulad saqarTvelos konstituciis 42.2-e muxlis

da samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTa-

Soriso paqtis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad yoveli piri unda

gansajos mxolod im sasamarTlom, romlis iurisdiqciasac

eqvemdebareba misi saqme. amdenad, saqmis gansjadobis Secv-

la erTi mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze meore mxaris

interesebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe garkveulwilad ewi-

naaRmdegeba zemoT aRniSnul debulebebs, vinaidan sssk ar

iTvaliswinebs gansasjelis azris gaTvaliswinebas maSin,

rodesac swored mas eniWeba da exeba ufleba Tavisi saqmis

im sasamarTlos mier ganxilvaze, romlis iurisdiqciasac

eqvemdebareba misi saqme.

Tu sasamarTlo an mosamarTle daadgens, rom Semosuli

saqme am sasamarTlos gansjadi ar aris, misi ganCinebiT

(dadgenilebiT) saqme gadaecema gansjadobis mixedviT. davas

gansjadobis Sesaxeb wyvets zemdgomi sasamarTlos mosa-

194 195

marTle dasabuTebuli dadgenilebiT.

acilebaacileba - adamianis uflebaTa dacvis mniSvnelovan ga-

rantias warmoadgens. gansasjelis mier sasamarTlos im

Semadgenlobis arCeva (acilebis gancxadebis gziT), romel-

sac misi azriT, SeuZlia misi saqme ganixilos samarTlianad,

obieqturad da miukerZoeblad.

TiToeul mosamarTles ufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRos

mxolod im sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi, sadac igia daniS-

nuli. mas ara aqvs sxva sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi

monawileobis ufleba. imavdroulad dauSvebelia saqmis

sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi

Sediodes saqmeSi monawile pirebTan naTesaur an sxvagvar

kavSirSi myofi piri.

kanoni adgens mosamarTleTa miukerZoeblobis garan-

tiebs. sss kodeqsi krZalavs mosamarTlis monawileobas

saqmis ganxilvaSi im SemTxvevaSi, Tu:

a) igi ar iyo Tanamdebobaze daniSnuli an arCeuli

kanoniT dadgenili wesiT;

b) saqme ar aris am sasamarTlos gansjadi;

g) igi monawileobs an winaT monawileobda imave saqme-

Si, rogorc eWvmitanili, braldebuli, damcveli, dazarale-

buli, samoqalaqo mosarCele, samoqalaqo mopasuxe, eqsper-

ti, specialisti, Tarjimani, damswre, mowme, anda bralde-

bulis, eWvmitanilis, dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosar-

Celis an samoqalaqo mopasuxis kanonieri warmomadgeneli;

d) mas am saqmis mwarmoebel Tanamdebobis pirTan an „g“

qvepunqtSi aRniSnul sxva pirebTan naTesauri, megobruli

an sxva axlobluri urTierToba aqvs;

e) igi winaT monawileobda imave saqmis warmoebaSi,

rogorc gamomZiebeli, prokurori an sasamarTlo sxdomis

mdivani.

v) monawileobda pirveli da meore instanciebis sasa-

marTloebSi an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa da axlad

gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganxilvaSi. magram

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palataSi saqmis

ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis monawileobis gamomricxav gare-

moebas ar warmoadgens adre amave saqmis sakasacio wesiT

ganxilvaSi misi monawileoba.

v) aris sxva garemoebebi, romlebic eWvs badebs mis

obieqturobasa da miukerZoeblobaSi.

sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomare-raionul (saqalaqo)

sasamarTlo sxdomas Tavmjdomareobs am sasamarTlos Tav-

mjdomare an mosamarTle, xolo sxva sasamarTlo sxdomas,

– am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare, Tavmjdomaris moadgile an

sasamarTlos wevri. Tu Tavmjdomare gamoeTiSa sxdomas,

mis movaleobas asrulebs asakiT ufrosi mosamarTle.

sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomare warmarTavs sxdomas,

mosamarTleTa TaTbiris mimdinareobas; axorcielebs sss

kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul yvela saproceso moqmedebas,

rac aucilebelia mtkicebulebaTa yovelmxrivi, sruli da

obieqturi gamokvlevisa da WeSmaritebis dasadgenad, mxa-

reebs aZlevs SesaZleblobas, daubrkoleblad warmoadginon

da gamoikvlion mtkicebulebani; ganxilvas ganaridebs yve-

lafers, rasac kavSiri ara aqvs saqmesTan; uzrunvelyofs

kanonierebasa da samarTlianobas saqmis ganxilvisas; mxareebs

ganumartavs maT uflebebs; uzrunvelyofs sasamarTlos

darbazSi wesrigis dacvas; sxdomis darbazidan aZevebs wes-

rigis damrRvevs da akisrebs mas fulad jarimas sss kod-

eqsiT dadgenili wesiTa da odenobiT (ix. muxli 208). misi

gankargulebebi wesrigis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT savalde-

buloa mxareebisa da sasamarTlo darbazSi myofi pirebi-

saTvis. romelime mxaris an sxva piris pretenziebi Tavmj-

196 197

domaris moqmedebaTa gamo SeaqvT sasamarTlo sxdomis

oqmSi da maT sasamarTlos Semadgenloba ganixilavs imave

sxdomaze.

sasamarTlos aparati:sasamarTlos aparati:

sasamarTlos saqmianobis srulyofilad, efeqturad da

droulad ganxorcieleba mniSvnelovanwilad aris damok-

idebuli sasamarTlos aparatis saqmianobis xarisxze da

maT kvalificiurobaze. swored amitom, saqarTvelos or-

ganuli kanonebi `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ da

`saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~ detalurad

adgenen im moTxovnebs, rac waeyeneba mosamarTleTa TanaSem-

weebs.

mosamarTlis TanaSemwed SeiZleba dainiSnos piri,

romelsac aqvs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba da rogorc

wesi, gavlili aqvs samTviani saswavlo kursi samosamarTlo

swavlebis centrSi, an aqvs mosamarTled, prokurorad,

gamomZieblad, agreTve advokatad muSaobis erTi wlis

gamocdileba, anda saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos,

afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis uzenaesi

(umaRlesi) sasamarTloebis, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarT-

los konsultantad muSaobis aranakleb 1 wlis gamocdile-

ba, agreTve piri, romelsac Cabarebuli aqvs mosamarTlis

sakvalifikacio gamocda. mosamarTlis TanaSemwes kanonmde-

blobiT dadgenili wesiT Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanam-

debobidan aTavisuflebs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare.

mosamarTlis TanaSemwe mosamarTlis davalebiT amzadebs

sisxlis samarTlis saqmes sasamarTlo sxdomaze gansaxil-

velad, iRebs moqalaqeebs, maT gancxadebebs, procesis

monawileebs atyobinebs sasamarTlo sxdomis drosa da

adgils, amzadebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis proeqtebs,

agreTve saproceso dokumentebis aslebs da, kanonis moTx-

ovnaTa Sesabamisad, maT gadascems samarTalwarmoebis

monawileebs, uzrunvelyofs nivTier mtkicebulebaTa dacva-

Senaxvas, mosamarTlis davalebiT asrulebs saqmis ganxil-

vasTan dakavSirebul sxva movaleobebs da mosamarTles

uwevs sxva teqnikur daxmarebas.

mosamarTlis TanaSemwis uflebamosileba pirobiTad

SeiZleba daiyos:

1. saorganizacio-teqnikur; da

2. samarTlebriv sakiTxebad

aqedan umniSvnelovanesia samarTlebrivi funqcia, rom-

lis Tanaxmad mas gaaCnia sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis

proeqtebis momzadebis da moqalaqeTa miRebis uflebam-

osileba, saqmeTa momzadeba sasamarTlo sxdomebze gansax-

ilvelad, saTanado sasamarTlo prqtikis masalebis da

samarTlebrivi literaturis moZieba da a.S., rac erTis

mxriv xels uwyobs mosamarTlis TanaSemwis profesiul

daostatebas da meore mxriv Sesabamis daxmarebas uwevs

mosamarTles.

sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani_ amowmebs, gamocxaddnen

Tu ara sasamarTlo procesze gamoZaxebuli pirebi, da amis

Taobaze moaxsenebs sasamarTlos; Tavmjdomaris winadadeb-

iT sajarod kiTxulobs saproceso dokumentebs, awarmoebs

sasamarTlo sxdomis oqms.

sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani valdebulia srulad da

sworad Caweros oqmSi sasamarTlos moqmedeba da gadaw-

yvetileba, agreTve sasamarTlo sxdomis yvela monawilis

moqmedeba, gancxadeba, Suamdgomloba, Cveneba da axsna-gan-

marteba. oqmis momzadebisas mdivans ufleba aqvs gamoiyenos

stenografia, diqtofoni da sxva teqnikuri saSualebani. Tu

oqmis gamo arsebobs SeniSvnebi, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani

iZleva axsna-ganmartebas. oqmis Sinaarsis gamo Tavmjdomar-

198 199

esTan uTanxmoebis SemTxvevaSi mdivans ufleba aqvs gamoTq-

vas Tavisi SeniSvna an Sesagebeli da gaugzavnos isini

gansaxilvelad zemdgomi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares.

sssk iTvaliwinebs sasamarTlos sxdomis mdivnis ac-

ilebis safuZvlebs da adgens, rom sxdomis mdivani

monawileobas ver miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis war-

moebaSi, Tu:

a) igi ar iyo Tanamdebobaze daniSnuli kanoniT dadgenili

wesiT;

b) igi monawileobs an winaT monawileobda imave saqmeSi,

rogorc eWvmitanili, braldebuli, damcveli, dazarale-

buli, samoqalaqo mosarCele, samoqalaqo mopasuxe,

eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani, damswre, mowme, anda

braldebulis, eWvmitanilis, dazaralebulis, samo-

qalaqo mosarCelis an samoqalaqo mopasuxis kanonieri

warmomadgeneli;

d) mas am saqmis mwarmoebel Tanamdebobis pirTan an „b“

qvepunqtSi aRniSnul sxva pirebTan naTesauri, mego-

bruli an sxva axlobluri urTierToba aqvs;

e) aris sxva garemoebebi, romlebic eWvs badebs mis obieq-

turobasa da miukerZoeblobaSi.

$2. prokurori$2. prokurori

prokuratura saxelmwifo organoTa Soris erT-erTi

uZvelesi organoa. mas mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs. igi

rogorc saxelmwifo instituti pirvelad Camoyalibda

safrangeTSi 1302 wels mefe filip IV mier gamocemuli

ordonansis safuZvelze.

sabWoTa saxelmwifos arsebobisas prokuratura

uZlieresi saxelmwifo organo iyo. mas saxelmwifos Tvals

uwodebdnen. Tanamedrove periodSi samarTlebrivi reformis

Sedegad prokuraturam instituciuri cvlilebebi ganicada.

saqarTvelos 1995 wlis konstituciis 91-e muxlis Tanax-

mad, prokuratura sasamarTlo xelisuflebis daweseb-

uleba iyo. 2004 wels saqarTvelos konstituciaSi Seta-

nili cvlilebebiT 91-e muxli amoRebul iqna. dRes proku-

ratura aris aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis dawesebule-

ba.

prokuraturis organizacia, uflebamosileba da saqmi-

anobis wesi gansazRvrulia 2008 wlis 21 oqtombers miRe-

buli organuli kanoniT saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis

Sesaxeb.

prokuraturis funqciebi, saproceso uflebamosileba

da prokuroris samarTlebrivi statusi regulirebulia

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT.

prokuroris samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba procesSi, misi

saqmianobis formebi da meTodebi ganisazRvreba samarTal-

warmoebis saerTo amocanebiTa da im uSualo amocanebiT,

romlebic unda gadawydes yovel calkeul stadiaze.

am funqciis Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad prokura-

tura procesualurad xelmZRvanelobs gamoZiebas, kanoniT

dadgenili wesiT sruli moculobiT atarebs danaSaulis

winaswar gamoZiebas, sasamarTloSi mxars uWers saxelmwifo

braldebas.


55-e muxlis Tanaxmad prokuratura sisxlis samarTlebri-

vi devnis organoa.

sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna saproceso saqmianobaa,

romelic xorcieldeba danaSaulis gaxsnis, braleuli piris

mxilebis da misi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis

200 201

mizniT. kanonis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna

aris uflebamosili piris mier ganxorcielebul moqmede-

baTa erToblioba, romlis mizania braldebulis mimarT

sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kanonebiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis uz-

runvelyofa.prokurori aris erTaderTi subieqti, romel-

ic monawileobs sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela sta-

diaze. Tumca uflebamosileba, funqciebi, amocanebi saqmis

warmoebis sxvadasxva stadiaze gansxvavebulia da erTi da

igive ar aris. upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom

prokurori Tavis funqciebs axorcielebs saxelmwifos

saxeliT.

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze prokurori axorcielebs

sisxlis samarTlebriv devnas da aseve asrulebs gamoZie-

baze saproceso xelmZRvanelobis funqciasac. aqedan gamom-

dinare sasamarTlomdel stadiaze prokuroris uflebam-

osileba SeiZleba daiyos or jgufad: I jgufSi Sedis

gamoZiebaze sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebi-

sas prokuroris uflebamosilebani, xolo II jgufSi sap-

roceso xelmZRvanelobis ganxorcielebisas kanoniT dadge-

nili uflebamosilebani.

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze prokurori sisxlis sa-

marTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisas uflebamosilia: gam-

oitanos dadgenileba braldebulis saxiT piris sisxlis

samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb; braldebulisaTvis

aRkveTis RonisZiebis SerCevis, Secvlis an gauqmebis, adami-

anis uflebaTa SemzRudveli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-

bis Sesaxeb mosamarTlis brZanebis misaRebad SuamdgomlobiT

mimarTos sasamarTlos; monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo mo-

qmedebis CatarebaSi an TviTon awarmoos winaswari gamoZieba

sruli moculobiT; Sewyvitos sisxlis samarTlebrivi

devna anda winaswari gamoZieba an SeaCeros sisxlis samarT-

lebrivi devna; Secvalos braldeba; braldebelTan dados

saproceso SeTanxmeba da sasamarTloSi waradginos Suam-

dgomloba braldebulis mimarT sasamarTlos mier saqmis

arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze; aRZ-

ras sarCeli braldebuli Tanamdebobis piris qonebis Cam-

orTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT.

gamoZiebaze saproceso xelmZRvanelobis funqciis ganx-

orcielebisas prokurori uflebamosilia qvemdebareobis

moTxovnaTa dacviT saqmis gamoZieba daavalos gamoZiebis

ama Tu im organos an gamomZiebels; savaldebulo miTiTe-

bebi misces gamomZiebels an qvemdgom prokurors saga-

moZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis, sagamoZiebo versiaTa Semow-

mebisa da gamoZiebis warmoebisas wamoWril sxva sakiTxebze,

moiTxovos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis calkeuli masalebi

an sisxlis samarTlis saqme mTlianad; gaauqmos gamomZieb-

lis an qvemdgomi prokuroris dadgenileba; sagamoZiebo

qvemdebareobis Sesaxeb moTxovnaTa dacviT saqme CamoarTvas

erT gamomZiebels da gadasces meores. amasTan am saerTo

wesidan arsebobs gamonaklisi. saqarTvelos generalur

prokurors, mis moadgiles, agreTve avtonomiuri respub-

likis prokurors Tavis samoqmedo teritoriaze ufleba

aqvs sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis miuxedavad erTi sagamoZie-

bo organodan amoiRos nebismieri saqme da igi gamosaZieblad

gadasces sxva sagamoZiebo uwyebas; gamoZiebis saproceso

xelmZRvanelobidan CamoaSoros qvemdgomi prokurori da

misi funqciebi daakisros sxva prokurors; gadawyvitos

saCivari gamomZieblis moqmedebisa da dadgenilebis gamo,

xolo misi sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi saWiro

axsna-ganmarteba misces sasamarTlos.

zemdgomi prokurori uflebamosilia gaauqmos qvem-

202 203

dgomi prokuroris mier miRebuli ukanono anda dausabuTe-

beli gadawyvetileba, Seitanos masSi cvlilebebi an igi

Secvalos axali gadawyvetilebiT; winaswari gamoZiebisas

prokuroris dadgenilebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa admin-

istraciuli organos, Tanamdebobis pirebis, fizikuri da

iuridiuli pirebisaTvis.

marTalia, prokurori gamoZiebaze saproceso xelmZRvane-

lobas axorcielebs da ara zedamxedvelobas, magram am fun-

qciis ganxorcielebisas aqac vlindeba erTgvari saxelisu-

flebo _ gankargulebiTi uflebamosilebis elementebi.

winaswari gamoZiebis damTavrebis Semdeg prokurori

gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Semdgom moZraobas.

prokuroris saproceso mdgomareoba sasamarTlo ganxilvis

stadiaze arsebiTad gansxvavdeba winaswar gamoZiebaSi misi

samarTlebrivi mdgomareobisagan. upirveles yovlisa, sasa-

marTloSi prokuroris saxelisuflebo _ gankargulebiTi

uflebamosilebis elementebi ar SeiniSneba, radgan igi

monawileobs rogorc mxare da aRWurvilia mxaris Tanabari

saproceso uflebebiT.

sasamarTloSi prokurori aris saxelmwifo bralmde-

beli. mas kanoniT ekisreba braldebis mtkicebis mova-

leoba. Tavisi uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebisas proku-

rori sasamarTloSi damoukidebelia da emorCileba mx-

olod kanons. sasamarTlo sxdomaSi prokuroris

monawileoba savaldebuloa. prokurori sasamarTloSi

uflebamosilia: ganacxados Suamdgomloba da acileba;

waradginos mtkicebulebebi, monawileoba miiRos mtkice-

bulebaTa gamokvlevaSi, maTi dasaSvebobis sakiTxis ganx-

ilvaSi, gamoTqvas Tavisi azri sasamarTlo ganxilvisas

wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, monawileoba miiRos mxareTa

kamaTSi da sasamarTlos gaacnos Tavisi pozicia bralde-

bis damtkicebis, qmedebis sisxlis samarTlebrivi kvali-

fikaciis, braldebulis Seracxadobis, sasjelis saxisa da

zomis daniSvnis, sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblo-

bisa da sasjelisgan braldebulis gaTavisuflebis Ses-

axeb; mimarTos sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT winaswari

gamoZiebis procesSi fizikuri da kerZo samarTlis iu-

ridiuli pirebisagan mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovis Suam-

dgomlobiT. amasTan, saapelacio instanciaSi prokurori

kvlav saxelmwifo bralmdebelia, sakasacio warmoebis

stadiaze ki igi mxars uWers Tavis saCivars, an gamoTqvams

azrs im saCivris Sesaxeb, romelic samarTalwarmoebis sxva

monawilem Seitana.

Tu prokurori ar eTanxmeba sasamarTlos ganaCens da

mas miiCnevs ukanonod da dausabuTeblad, ufleba aqvs

rogorc mxares gaasaCivros igi zemdgom instanciebSi

saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT. amasTan, saapelacio instan-

ciaSi prokurori kvlav saxelmwifo bralmdebelia, sakasa-

cio warmoebis stadiaze ki igi mxars uWers Tavis saCivars,

an gamoTqvams azrs im saCivris Sesaxeb, romelic samarTal-

warmoebis sxva monawilem Seitana.

$3. gamomZieblis samarTlebrivi $3. gamomZieblis samarTlebrivi

statusistatusi

sagamoZiebo qvemdebareoba.sagamoZiebo qvemdebareoba. qvemdebareoba aris sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis kanoniT dadgenili niSnebis erToblioba,

romelTa gaTvaliswinebiT mocemuli danaSaulis gamoZieba

ganekuTvneba winaswari gamoZiebis ama Tu im organos kom-

petencias. sisxlis samarTlis procesis TeoriaSi ganasx-

vaveben sagnobriv, personalur, alternatiul da terito-

riul qvemdebareobas.

204 205

sagnobrivi qvemdebareoba gulisxmobs sagamoZiebo or-

ganos kompetenciis gansazRvras danaSaulis Semadgenlobis,

misi kvalifikaciis mixedviT. am niSnis mixedviT prokura-

turis sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobaSia mkvlelobis, janmrTe-

lobis dazianebis da sxva danaSaulTa saqmeebi.

personaluri qvemdebareoba gulisxmobs danaSaulis sub-

ieqtis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoZiebis movaleobis

dakisrebas ama Tu im sagamoZiebo organosadmi. danaSaulis

subieqtis personaluri niSnis gaTvaliswinebiT prokuraturas

eqvemdebareba prokuroris, gamomZieblis, mosamarTlis da a.S.

Cadenili danaSaulis saqmeebi.

alternatiuli qvemdebareoba gulisxmobs imas, rom erTi

da imave kategoriis danSaulTa saqmeebze garkveuli garemoe-

bebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoZieba tardeba sxvadasxva uwyebis

gamomZieblis mier. magaliTad, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro

roca iZiebs mis qvemdebare danaSaulis saqmes da gamoZiebis

procesSi gamovlindeba am danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli samox-

eleo danaSaulis Cadena, vTqvaT, qrTamis aReba, cxadia, es

saqmec S/s sagamoZiebo samsaxurma unda gamoiZios. Tumca,

saerTo wesis mixedviT, igi prokuraturas eqvemdebareba.

teritoriuli qvemdebareoba gulisxmobs gamoZiebis war-

moebas danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis mixedviT. saqarTvelos

sssk 63-e muxlis Tanaxmad, winaswar gamoZiebas awarmoebs

gamomZiebeli, romlis iurisdiqciac vrceldeba teritoriaze,

sadac danaSauli moxda. Tu Cadenilia ramdenime danaSauli,

saqmes iZiebs gamomZiebeli, romlis sagamoZiebo qvemdebare-

obasac ganekuTvneba yvelaze mZime danaSauli.

uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba gulisxmobs gamoZiebis warmoe-

bas uflebamosili gamoZiebis organos mier.

saqarTveloSi uwyebrivi formiT gamoZieba warmoebs

2004 wlidan. manamde iyo SemuSavebuli winaswari gamoZie-

bis organoebis reformirebis koncefcia da kanonproeqti

erTiani sagamoZiebo organos Seqmnis Taobaze, sadac xazg-

asmuli iyo erTiani sagamoZiebo organos (biuros, komite-

tis) Seqmnis upiratesoba, rac ZiriTadad erTiani samcni-

ero-teqnikuri saSualebebis baziT, marTvis organizebulo-

biTa da efeqturi administrirebiT iyo gamarTlebuli.

kanonmdebelma sabolood upiratesoba mianiWa gamoZiebis

organoebis ara centralizebuli wesiT mowyobas, romelsac

analogi ara aqvs msoflios arc erT qveyanaSi, aramed

garkveulwilad aprobirebul uwyebriv gamoZiebas, romelic

orientirebulia viwro specializaciaze da miznad isaxavs

swrafi, efeqturi da qmediTi gamoZiebis Catarebas erTi

uwyebis farglebSi.


61-e muxlis Tanaxmad, winaswari gamoZiebis organoebs mie-

kuTvneba saqarTvelos prokuraturis, Sinagan saqmeTa samin-

istros, Tavdacvis saministros, iusticiis saministros,

garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros da

da finansTa saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuris sagamoZiebo

danayofebi.

uwyebrivi da personaluri sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis

sakiTxs aregulirebs sssk 62-e muxli. sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeTa umravlesoba ganekuTvneba Sinagan saqmeTa organoe-

bis gamomZieblis sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobas. agreTve Sina-

gan saqmeTa saministros mosamsaxuris mier Cadenili samx-

edro samsaxuris winaaRmdeg mimarTuli nebismieri dana-

Sauli eqvemdebareba amave uwyebis sagamoZiebo danayofs.

prokuraturis gamomZieblis sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobas

ganekuTvneba samoxeleo danaSauli (saq. ssk 332-342-e mm.)

ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia (sssk 194-e m.) agreTve

maRali rangis Tanamdebobis pirTa mier Cadenili danaSaule-

206 207

bi, kerZod, saqarTvelos prezidentis, parlamentis wevris,

mTavrobis wevris, mosamarTlis, saxalxo damcvelis, kon-

trolis palatis Tavmjdomaris, erovnuli bankis sabWos

wevris, saqarTvelos sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCisa

da despanis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis, prokuraturis mrCev-

lis, policielis, oficrebis mier Cadenili danaSaulebi.

finansTa saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuris sagamoZiebo

danayofis gamomZieblebi iZieben ekonomikuri danaSaulis

umetesobas, (sssk 182-e, 189-e, 189 1-e, 190-e, 192-e, 193-e,

195-e, 201-e, 205-e, 213-e, 214-e, (me-4 nawilis garda), 216-

e, 221-e mm.).

Tavdacvis saministros sagamoZiebo danayofis gamomZie-

blebi iZieben samxedro samsaxuris winaaRmdeg mimarTuli

danaSaulis umravlesobas (ssk 383-398, 394-e, 403-e mm.)

da mmarTvelobis wesis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauleb-

is calkeul Semadgenlobebs (356-359-e m.).

iusticiis saministros daqvemdebarebuli sasjel-

aRsrulebis departamentisa da saaRsrulebo departamentis

sagamoZiebo danayofebis gamomZieblebi iZieben sasamarTlo

aqtebis aRsrulebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulebs, aseve

ssk 342 1-e (sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi samsaxuris

dadgenili wesis darRveva) muxliT gaTvaliswinebul da-

naSauls, agreTve sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis teri-

toriaze momxdar danaSaulebs.

kanonis Tanaxmad, prokuraturasa da gamoZiebis sxva

danarCen organoebs Soris konkurenciis arsebobisas saga-

moZiebo qvemdebareobasTan dakavSirebiT, gamoZiebas awarmoebs

prokuratura.

ramdenime braldebis saqmeTa erT warmoebad gaerTiane-

bisas saqmes iZiebs gamomZiebeli, romlis sagamoZiebo qvem-

debareobasac ganekuTvneba ufro mZime danaSauli.

sagamoZiebo qvemdebareobis daucveloba warmoadgens

saproceso kanonmdeblobis arsebiT darRvevas, rac iwvevs

metad seriozul Sedegebs. magaliTad, Sekrebili mtkiceb-

ulebebis iuridiuli Zalis ar mqoned cnobas, radgan

isini Sekrebil iqna arasaTanado subieqtebis mier. aseTi

daskvna keTdeba calkeul SemTxvevaSi saqmis konkretuli

garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

kanonis Tanaxmad, Tu gamomZiebeli daadgens, rom saqme

misi qvemdebare ar aris, is valdebulia Caataros yvela

gadaudebeli sagamoZiebo moqmedeba da saqme gadasces proku-

rors, romelic warmarTavs saqmes sagamoZiebo qvemdebareo-

bis mixedviT. roca aucilebelia sagamoZiebo moqmedeba

Catardes im teritoriaze, romelzec gamomZieblis iuris-

diqcia ar vrceldeba, gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs Caataros

igi piradad an misi Catareba daavalos sxva gamomZiebels.

nebismier gamomZiebels saqarTvelos teritoriaze ufleba

aqvs daubrkoleblad Caataros kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli

sagamoZiebo moqmedeba mis warmoebaSi arsebul sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeze.

praqtikaSi damkvidrebulia wesi, romlis Tanaxmadac,

roca gamomZiebeli sxva gamomZieblis samoqmedo terito-

riaze atarebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebas winaswar amis Ses-

axeb saqmis kursSi ayenebs aRniSnuli qalaqis, raionis

prokurors. am wess zneobrivi gamarTleba aqvs.

kanonSi araferia naTqvami iseT SemTxvevaze, roca da-

naSauli mravalepizodiania, Cadenilia TanamonawileTa

mravalricxovani jgufis mier da misi geografia moicavs

saqarTvelos ramdenime regions. kanonis Tanaxmad, gamoZie-

ba unda Catardes iq, sadac aRmoCenil iqna yvelaze mZime

danaSauli, mocemul SemTxvevaSi misi erT-erTi epizodi.

gamomZieblis uflebamosileba.gamomZieblis uflebamosileba. winaswari gamoZiebis

208 209

subieqti aris gamomZiebeli.

kanonis Tanaxmad, gamomZiebeli aris saxelmwifo Tana-

mdebobis piri, romelic Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi

uflebamosilia awarmoos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

gamoZieba.

garda uwyebrivi kuTvnilebisa, gamomZiebeli Tanamdebo-

bis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos staJior-gamomZiebeli, gamomZie-

beli, ufrosi gamomZiebeli, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan

saqmeTa gamomZiebeli, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan saqmeTa

ufrosi gamomZiebeli.

yvela gamomZiebeli maTi uwyebrivi kuTvnilebis miuxe-

davad asrulebs erTian funqcias, yvelas aqvs erTiani

statusi, Tanabari ufleba-movaleobebi. maT mier kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT ganxorcielebuli yvela saga-

moZiebo moqmedeba Tanabari iuridiuli Zalisaa, praqtikul

saqmianobaSi yvela maTgani xelmZRvanelobs erTiani sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT.

gamomZieblis saqmianobis Sinaarsi da mimarTuleba gan-

isazRvreba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis amocanebiT.

gamomZiebeli movalea daadginos danaSaulis Semadgen-

lobis niSnebi, gansazRvros misi kvalifikacia, daadginos

monacemebi, romlebic axasiaTeben danaSaulis subieqts,

gamoavlinos danaSaulis Camdeni piri da uzrunvelyos misi

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micema, daadginos mtkice-

bis saganSi Semavali garemoebebi da amiT Seqmnas aucilebeli

wanamZRvrebi sasamarTloSi saqmis sworad gadasawyvetad.

gamoZiebisas Segrovili masalebi xom sasamarTlo ganxil-

vis sagania.

gamomZiebeli valdebulia gamoZieba awarmoos yovelmxriv,

srulad da obieqturad, rac imas niSnavs, rom saqmis ga-

remoebebi iyos Rrmad, safuZvlianad Seswavlili da Sefase-

buli, dadgenili iyos yovel saqmeze yvela damnaSave piri,

gairkves danaSaulis motivi, mizani, misi Cadenis saSu-

aleba da a.S. saqmis garemoebebi iyos gamokvleuli miuker-

Zoeblad da saqmeze iyos Seswavlili da dadgenili bral-

debulis rogorc mamxilebeli, ise misi gamamarTlebeli

garemoebebi.

gamomZiebeli kanonis Tanaxmad uflebamosilia Caataros

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela sagamoZiebo da saproceso

moqmedeba, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca kanoniT gaTval-

iswinebulia mosamarTlis brZaneba an prokuroris Tanx-

moba. gamomZiebeli uflebamosilia calkeuli sagamoZiebo

da saproceso moqmedebebis Casatareblad, romlebic zRu-

daven adamianis konstituciur uflebebs, SuamdgomlobiT

mimarTos sasamarTlos da gamoiTxovos mosamarTlis br-

Zaneba. uflebamosilia pirs warudginos dadgenileba bral-

debulis saxiT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis

Sesaxeb da kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gamoiyenos mis mimarT

aRkveTis RonisZiebebi, aseve gamoiyenos sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso iZulebis yvela RonisZieba da amisaTvis gam-

oiTxovos mosamarTlis brZaneba kanoniT dadgenili wes-

iT.

gamomZiebels mis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmeze ufleba

aqvs moiwvios Tarjimani, specialisti, amosacnobi piri;

dadgenilebis gamotaniT cnos piri dazaralebulad, samo-

qalaqo mosarCeled an samoqalaqo mopasuxed da ganumartos

maT ufleba-movaleobebi.

gamomZiebeli movalea uzrunvelyos damcvelis

monawileoba saqmeSi savaldebulo dacvis SemTxvevaSi da

Seqmnas misi saqmianobis xelSemwyobi pirobebi, gaaTavisu-

flos arasmqoneni iuridiuli daxmarebis gadasaxadisagan,

movalea Seasrulos braldebulisa da damcvelis moTx-

210 211

ovnebi sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb da uzrun-

velyos damcvelis monawileoba mis CatarebaSi. gamomZiebeli

movalea miiRos zomebi danaSaulis Sedegad miRebuli zianis

asanazRaureblad, miiRos zomebi danaSaulis Cadenis xelSem-

wyobi mizezebisa da pirobebis gamosavlenad.

gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs werilobiTi davaleba misces

operatiul-samZebro organoebs operatiul-samZebro da

samZebro RonisZiebaTa Catarebis Sesaxeb mis warmoebaSi

arsebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebasTan dakav-

SirebiT; saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moiTxovos reviziis,

inventarizaciis, sauwyebo Semowmebis Catareba da gamoZie-

bisaTvis saWiro dokumentebis wardgena.

gamomZiebeli movalea miiRos gadawyvetileba acilebis

Sesaxeb da Tavisi ganmartebebi warudginos prokurors.

gamomZieblis moqmedebis da gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre-

bis SemTxvevaSi igi movalea saCivari da saqmis masalebi

dauyovnebliv gaugzavnos saproceso xelmZRvanel proku-

rors an sasamarTlos.

gamomZiebeli procesis damoukidebeli subieqtia. igi

uflebamosilia damoukideblad warmarTos gamoZiebis mi-

marTuleba, rac imas niSnavs, rom gamomZiebeli uflebam-

osilia wamoayenos versiebi, varaudi danaSaulis faqtis,

mis CadenaSi braleuli piris mimarT, bralis formebis,

qmedebis motivebis da saqmis sxva faqtobriv garemoebebze.

gamomZiebeli uflebamosilia gansazRvros TiToeuli ver-

siis, TiToeuli epizodis gamosarkvevi sakiTxebi, gansaz-

Rvros gamorkvevas daqvemdebarebuli informaciis wyaroebi.

gamomZieblis mier gamoZiebis mimarTulebis gansazRvra

praqtikulad emTxveva mis mier gamoZiebis sagnis gansaz-

Rvras, rac, Tavis mxriv, ZiriTadia gamoZiebis gegmis Sed-

genisas.

gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs gansazRvros aucilebeli

sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis wre, daadginos maTi Catarebis

Tanmimdevroba. gamomZiebeli gansazRvravs Sekrebili mt-

kicebulebebis sakmarisobas da maT afasebs Tavisi Sinagani

rwmeniT, rac, cxadia, dafuZnebuli unda iyos saqmis gare-

moebebis yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur gamokvlevaze, igi

xelmZRvanelobs kanoniT da marTlSegnebiT.

amasTan, gamomZieblis saproceso damoukidebloba abso-

luturi ar aris. kanonis Tanaxmad igi valdebulia Seas-

rulos prokuroris miTiTeba, romelic gamoZiebis sapro-

ceso xelmZRvanelia. kanonis Tanaxmad, Tu gamomZiebeli ar

eTanxmeba prokuroris miTiTebas braldebis moculobis,

qmedebis kvalifikaciis, sagamoZiebo versiebis Semowmebis,

braldebulis saxiT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi mi-

cemis, moqalaqeTa konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisu-

flebebis SemzRudvel sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis

Sesaxeb, mas ufleba aqvs saqme da Tavisi mosazrebebi wer-

ilobiT warudginos zemdgom prokurors, romelic auqmebs

qvemdgomi prokuroris miTiTebebs an gamoZiebas sxva

gamomZiebels avalebs. cxadia, zemdgomi prokuroris gad-

awyvetileba sabolooa. prokuroris miTiTebisadmi uTanx-

moebis SemTxvevaSi saqmis gadacema sxva gamomZieblisadmi

gulisxmobs imas, rom gamomZiebeli procesis damoukidebeli

subieqtia da amitom ar SeiZleba is iZulebuli iyos imo-

qmedos Tavisi Sinagani rwmenis winaaRmdeg, rac mas Camouy-

alibda saqmis garemoebebis Seswavlis Sedegad.

aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom bolo periodSi kanonSi

Sesuli cvlilebebiT gamomZieblis uflebamosileba Sez-

Rudulia mkveTrad, radgan winaswar gamoZiebaSi raime gad-

awyvetilebas gamomZiebeli ar Rebulobs. mas ufleba ara

aqvs SeaCeros an Sewyvitos winaswari gamoZieba an sisxlis-

212 213

samarTlebrivi devna, ar aqvs uflebamosileba Seadginos

sabraldebo daskvna da saerTod, yvela gadawyvetilebas

saqmeze Rebulobs prokurori, romelic gamoZiebaze sapro-

ceso xelmZRvanelobas axorcielebs.

gamomZiebeli valdebulia Seasrulos mosamarTlis br-

Zaneba. Tavis mxriv, kanonis Tanaxmad, gamomZieblis mier

gamotanili dadgenilebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa yvela

dawesebulebis, sawarmos, organizaciis Tanamdebobis pirisa

da moqalaqeebisaTvis. gamoZiebis dadgenilebebis Seusrule-

bloba iwvevs kanoniT dawesebul pasuxismgeblobas.

$4 dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli $4 dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli

sisxlis samarTlis procesSisisxlis samarTlis procesSi

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi piris ufleba/Tavisufle-

bebi, kanonieri interesebi da usafrTxoeba, maTi aRiareba

da dacva – saxelmwifos da misi samarTaldamcavi organoe-

bis movaleobaa, magram swored sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso regulirebis sferoSi am debulebis realizaciisas

aqcenti xagrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi keTdeboda danaSau-

lis CadenaSi eWvmitanili da braldebuli pirebis ufle-

bebis dacvaze. samwuxarod, dazaralebuli, romlis ufle-

bebis damcveli unda yofiliyo saxelmwifo didi xnis

ganmavlobaSi saTanado yuradRebis miRma iyo darCenili.

braldebulTan SedarebiT misi uflebebis kompleqsi bevrad

mcirea. garkveulwilad esec iyo erT-erTi mizezi pro-

cesSi misi pasiurobisa da es maSin, rodesac SejibrebiTo-

bis principi gulisxmobs sasamarTlo procesis imgvarad

warmarTvas, rom masSi braldebis da dacvis funqciebi, aseve

maTi Tanmxlebi funqciebi (samoqalaqo sarCelis mxardaWera)

iyos Tanabari.

swored amitom, yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi

gamoZiebis da saqmeze marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaT-

vis didi mniSvneloba eniWeba saqmis warmoebaSi braldebis

mxaris da kerZod, dazaralebulis monawileobis xarixs da

aqtiurobas, procesSi prokuroris monawileobis miuxeda-

vad. imavdroulad, braldebis mxareze subieqtTa simravlis

miuxedavad (magaliTad prokurori, gamomZiebeli, dazarale-

buli, samoqalaqo mosarCele, maTi warmomadgenlebi),

dazaralebuli piris uflebebis srulyofilad dacva-aRd-

214 215

genisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba swored

dazaralebulis aqtiur monawileobas (vinaidan prokurori

mowodebulia daicvas sajaro interesi)

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 68-e muxlis

Tanaxmad, dazaralebulad miiCneva saxelmwifo, fizikuri

an iuridiuli piri,romelsac moraluri, fizikuri Tu

qonebrivi ziani miadga uSualod danaSaulis an Seuracxi

piris marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sedegad anda romelsac

aseTi ziani miayena danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg fsiqikurad

daavadebulma pirma.

amdenad, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi dazaralebuli

SeiZleba iyos:

1. saxelmwifo;

2. iuridiuli piri;

3. fizikuri piri.

dazaralebulad SeiZleba cnobili iqnes rogorc gar-

dacvlili piri (miuxedavad imisa, rom misi uflebebiT

isargeblebs misi warmomadgeneli), aseve Seuracxadi an

SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone piri imisdamiuxedavad

danaSaulis Cadenis momentSi igi imyofeboda Seracxad Tu

Seuracxad mdgomareobaSi.

Tu danaSaulis Sedegad dazaralebuli gardaicvala,

misi uflebebi eniWeba mis romelime axlo naTesavs, romel-

ic xdeba dazaralebulis uflebamonacvle. kerZod, sssk

44.21 muxlis Tanaxmad axlo naTesavs miekuTvneba-mSobeli,

Svilad amyvani, Svili, Svilobili, papa-bebia, SviliSvili,

da, Zma, meuRle (maT Soris ganqorwinebulic). axlo naTe-

savTa wre amomwuravad aris Camoyalibebuli kodeqsSi da

amdenad, dauSvebelia aRniSnulis garda sxva naTesavTa

mowveva procesSi dazaralebulis uflebamonacvlis sta-

tusiT.

uflebamonacvlis vinaobis gansazRvra, rogorc wesi,

xdeba axlo naTesavebs Soris SeTanxmebiT, magram erTi

donis axlo naTesavebs (mag. Svilebs Soris) Soris davis

SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxi wydeba wilisyriT. imavdroulad,

calkeul SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba SeuZlebeli iyos axlo

naTesavis vinaobis dadgena. aseT dros arc erTi piri ar

miiCneva dazaralebulis warmomadgenlad, rac ar ewinaaRm-

degeba sssk miznebs.

ganvixiloT TiToeuli calk-calke.ganvixiloT TiToeuli calk-calke.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, ziani

SeiZleba iyos:

1. moraluri ziani

2. fizikuri ziani1

3. qonebrivi ziani

1. moralur zians _ warmoadgens zneobrivi tanjva rac

gamowveulia:

a) dabadebiT an kanoniT miniWebuli aramaterialuri sikeTis

xelyofiT (magaliTad sicocxle, janmrTeloba, Rirseba,

saqmiani reputacia, piradi cxovrebis xelSuxebloba,

piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis saidumloeba da a.S.)

b) qmedebiT, romelic xelyofs mis pirad araqonebriv

uflebebs (magaliTad sakuTari saxeliT sargeblobis

ufleba, saavtoro uflebebi da a.S.

g) misi qonebrivi uflebebis xelyofiT.

kerZod, moralur zians miekuTneba gancdebi, rac dakav-

Sirebulia axlobelTa mkvlelobiT, aqtiuri sazogado ebrivi

saqmianobis /cxovrebis SesaZleblobis mospobiT, samsaxuris

dakargviT, saeqimo, ojaxuri saidumloebis gansajaroebiT,

saqmiano reputaciis, pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli

1 Eexeba mxolod fizikur pirs

216 217

yalbi informaciis gavrcelebiT, dainvalidebiT, garkveuli

uflebebis SezRudviT an CamorTmeviT, janmrTelobis da-

zianebiT gamowveuli fizikuri tkiviliT, an moraluri

gancdebis Sedegad SeZenili daavadebiT da a.S. Sesabamisad,

pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos fuladi kompensacia dasaxiCrebis,

damaxinjebis, biologiuri da fsiqologiuri funqciebis

moSlis an daqveiTebisaTvis aseve sxva saxis fizikuri Tu

moraluri zianiT gamowveuli gancdebisaTvis.

moraluri zianis odenobis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi

miiReba zianis simZime da braldebulis qonebrivi mdgo-

mareoba. zianis anazRaureba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ara

mxolod fuladi kompensaciis saxiT, aramed sxva qone-

brivi gamoxatulebiTac.

2. fizikuri ziani gamoixateba janmrTelobis mdgo-

mareobis SeryevaSi, sxeulebrivi dazianebebi, fizikuri

tkivilebi da a.S. da aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli

iseTi xarjebi, rogoricaa magaliTad dakrZalvaze,

mkurnalobaze, proTezirebaze, medikamentebze da a.S. gaweu-

li xarjebi da pensiis gacema (kompensacia)

3. qonebrivi ziani _ materialuri sikeTis, qonebis

dazianebiT an ganadgurebiT gamowveuli ziani. aq igulisx-

meba rogorc pirdapiri ziani, aseve anacdeni sargebelic.

unda aRiniSnos, rom rogorc wesi, erTi saxis qmedeb-

iT pirs adgeba ramdenime saxis ziani. magaliTad, yaCaRuri

Tavdasxmis SemTxvvaSi es SeiZleba gamoixatos fizikur,

qonebriv da moralur zianSi; saqmiani reputaciis Semlax-

veli informaciis gavrcelebis SemTxvevaSi-qonebriv da

moralur zianSi.

dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb saproceso gadaw-

yvetilebis miRebis momentisaTvis saxeze unda iyos zemoT

aRniSnulidan erT-erTi saxis zianis miyenebis faqti. ziani

SeiZleba miyenebuli iqnes:

1. danaSaulis Sedegad;

2. Seuracxadi piris marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebiT;

3. danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg fsiqikurad daavadebuli

piris mier;

gamonaklisia daumTavrebeli danaSaulis SemTxvevebi,

sadac dazaralebulad cnobisaTvis sakmarisia zianis miyen-

ebis SesaZleblobis arsebobac. aq dazaralebulad miiCneva

piri, romelsac danaSaulis momzadebis an mcdelobis Sed-

egad SeiZleba misdgomoda ziani (muxli 68.3). imavdroulad

daumTavrebeli danaSaulis SemTxvevaSic SesaZlebelia ar-

sebobdes ukve miyenebuli zianis faqti. magaliTad binaSi

SeRweviT qurdobis mcdelobisas dazianda Sesasvleli kari,

mkvlelobis mcdelobisas pirs miadga sxeulis naklebad

mZime dazianeba da a.S

dazaralebulad miiCneva piri, romelsac danaSaulis

Cadenis mcdelobisas faqtobrivad ganxorcielebuli qmede-

bebiT an damTavrebuli danaSaulis Sedegad miadga fizikuri,

qonebrivi an moraluri ziani.

imavdroulad, dazaralebulad SeiZleba cnobili iqnes

ara mxolod xelyofili qonebis uSualo mesakuTre, aramed

is piric vis mflobelobaSic/sargeblobaSi iyo es nivTi.

magaliTad, qonebis mindobiT marTvisas Tu xelSekrule-

baSi aRniSnulia, rom gadacemuli qonebis ganzrax an gau-

frTxileblobiT dazianebisas an ganadgurebisas qonebrivi

ziani adgeba ara mxolod am qonebis mimndobs (mesakuTres),

aramed aseve mindobil mesakuTresac.

unda aRiniSnos, rom Tumca dazaralebulad piris aRi-

rebisaTvis saWiroa erT-erTi saxis zianis arseboba es

TavisTavad ar gulisxmobs am pirisaTvis miyenebuli zianis

mxolod an savaldebulo wesiT finansur/ materialur

218 219

anazRaurebas.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis arsis da

principebidan gamomdinare, sisxlis samarTlis procesis

erTerTi amocanaa daicvas sisxlis samarTlis procesis

yvela monawilis (da maT Soris dazaralebulis) ufle-

bebi da Tavisuflebebi, daamkvidros sazogadoebaSi kanonis,

humanizmisa da samarTlianobis ideebis pativiscema.Tumca

calkeul SemTxvevebSi dazaralebulis prioritets SeiZle-

ba warmoadgendes danaSaulis CadenaSi braldebuli piris

sisxlis samarTlebrivi wesiT dasja da misi interesebis

sferoSi ar Sediodes miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis moTx-

ovna.swored amitom, sssk miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis

sakiTxs ukavSirebs dazaralebulis nebis gamovlenas da

zianis anazRaurebis SesaZleblobas iTvaliswinebs mxolod

dazaralebulis mier Sesabamisi samoqalaqo sarCelis Set-

anis SemTxvevaSi.aRniSnuli sarCelis Seutanlobisas saga-

moZiebo organoebi msjeloben mxolod damnaSavis sisxlis

samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb.

Tu piri dazaralebulad cnobis Semdeg waradgens samo-

qalaqo sarCels, procesis mwarmoebel organos (Tanamde-

bobis pirs) gamoaqvs dadgenileba (ganCineba) dazaralebulis

samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis Sesaxeb, xolo Tu samo-

qalaqo sarCeli Setanili iqneba piris dazaralebulad

cnobamde, maSin procesis mwarmoebel organos SeuZlia

gamoitanos:

_ erTiani dadgenileba (ganCineba) piris dazaralebulad

da samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis Sesaxeb

_ calk-calke gamoitanos dadgenilebebi (ganCinebebi)

piris dazaralebulad da piris samoqalaqo mosarCeled

cnobis Sesaxeb.

dazaralebulad cnoba:

miuxedavd imisa, rom kodeqsi dazaralebulis statuss

ukavSirebs zianis arsebobas, saproceso samarTlebrivi

mniSvnelobiT aseTi piri procesSi dazaralebulis am sta-

tuss iZens mxolod procesis mwarmoebeli organos mier

dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis (ganCinebis)

gamotanis Semdeg.

sisxlis samarTlis procesi ansxvavebs danaSaulis msx-

verplis da dazaralebulis cnebas. kerZod, danaSaulebrivi

qmedebiT zianis miyenebisas dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb

Sesabamisi saproceso dokumentis gamotanamde, igi msxverplia

da saproceso samarTlebriv statuss misgan gamomdinare

ufleba-movaleobebiT iZens mxolod procesis mwarmoebeli

organos, mier dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileb-

is gamotanis Semdeg1. kerZod, es SeiZleba iyos:

1. gamomZieblis an prokuroris dadgenileba;

2. mosamarTlis dadgenileba an sasamarTlos ganCineba.

dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenileba (ganCineba)

SeiZleba gamotanili iqnes mxolod sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devnis dawyebis Semdeg da masSi sxva rekvizitebTan erTad

unda aRiniSnos miyenebuli zianis saxe. ramdenime saxis

zianis miyenebis SemTxvevaSi yvela maTgani aRiniSneba.

piri dazaralebulad SeiZleba iqnes miCneuli

rogorc:

1. winaswari gamoZiebis;

2. sasamarTlo sxdomis mosamzadebeli nawilis; aseve

3. sasamarTlo gamoZiebisas.

1 magaliTad e.w. `potenciur dazaralebuls~/ msxverpls ar gaaCnia pro-

cesis mwarmoebeli organos /Tanamdebobis piris qmedebaze saCivris Setanis

uflebamosileba. anu Tu piri sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadge-

nili wesis Sesabamisad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze ar aris cnobili dazarale-

bulad, mas saCivris Setanis kompetencia ar gaaCnia. mis mier Setanili saCivari

iTvleba arauflebamosili piris saCivrad da ar ganixileba.

220 221

sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebisas dazaralebulad cno-

bis ufleba aqvs mxolod pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos

(mosamarTles) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas da

isic sasamarTlo kamaTis dawyebamde. Tu piris dazarale-

bulad cnobis safuZveli gamovlinda sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas sasa-

marTlo kamaTis dawyebis Semdeg, an sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT ganxilvisas, sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo (mosamarTle)

uflebamosili ar aris gamoitanos ganCineba (dadgenileba)

piris dazaralebulad cnobis Taobaze.

piris dazaralebulad cnoba SeiZleba ganxorcieleds:

1. piradi gancxadebis safuZvelze

2. procesis mwarmoebeli organos iniciativiT.

piris dazaralebulad cnoba ar aris damokidebuli mis

nebasurvilze. kerZod, dazaralebulad misi cnobisaTvis

aucilebel winapirobas ar warmoadgens misi gancxadeba an

Tanxmoba procesSi CarTvaze1. Sesabamisi zianis savaraudo

miyenebis faqtis dadgenisaTanave dauyovnebliv procesis

mwarmoebeli organo iRebs gadawyvetilebas piris pro-

cesSi dazaralebulad mowvevis Sesaxeb. vinaidan dayovneba

uspobs am pirs kanoniT misTvis miniWebuli uflebebis

gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.

dazaralebulad cnoba ar aris damokidebuli arc mis

asakze da arc mis fizikur an fsiqikur mdgomareobaze.

piris dazaralebulad cnobis safuZvels warmoadgens:

1. informacia savaraudod danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb;

2. am qmedebiT pirisaTvis zianis miyenebis faqti;

1 gamonaklisia kerZo da kerZo-sajaro braldebis saqmeebi, romlebzec

sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis safuZvels swored dazaralebulis

saCivari/ gancxadeba warmoadgens

3. mizezobrivi kavSiris arseboba qmedebasa da damdgar

zians Soris. _ miuxedavad imisa, rom mizezobrivi kav-

Siris arsebobis dadgena SesaZlebelia mxolod winaswari

gamoZiebis da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas, aman

xeli ar unda SeuSalos piris dazaralebulad cnobas

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis sawyiss etapzeve, rodesac

igi acxadebs misTvis zianis miyenebis faqtis Sesaxeb.

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi moklebuli iqneba sisxlis

samarTlis procesSi aqtiuri monawileobis da sakuTari

uflebebis/interesebis dacvis SesaZleblobas.

piri dazaralebulad unda iqnes cnobili im SemTxveva-

Sic, Tu misTvis miyenebuli ziani misive aramarTlzomieri

qmedebiT aris gamowveuli. es garemoeba mxedvelobaSi unda

iqnes miRebuli sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis

zomis gansazRvrisas, magram ver waarTmevs mas dazarale-

bulis uflebebs.

sssk 68.7 muxlis Tanaxmad dazaralebuli sajaro an

kerZo-sajaro braldebis saqmis gamo aris subsidiuri

bralmdebeli, xolo kerZo braldebis saqmis gamo _ kerZo

bralmdebeli.

aRniSnulis miuxedavad, sajaro an kerZo-sajaro bral-

debis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze subsidiuri bralmdeblis

saxiT monawileobisas dazaralebulis uflebebi mniS-

vnelovnad SezRudulia, vinaidan:

1. mas da mis warmomadgenels ar aqvT ufleba gascdnen

prokuroris mier formulirebuli saxelmwifo bral-

debis farglebs;

2. subsidiuri sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna winaswari

gamoZiebis stadiaze ar mimdinareobs, radgan igi gam-

oixateba dazaralebulis da misi warmomadgenlis mxri-

dan prokuroros mier formulirebuli saxelmwifo

222 223

braldebis mxardaWeraSi. saxelmwifo braldeba ki ar-

sebobs sasamarTlo ganxilvis da ara winaswari gamoZie-

bis stadiaze.

imavdroulad, subsidiuri braldebis SemTxvevaSi proku-

roris mier braldebis moxsnis an Secvlis SemTxvevaSi

dazaralebuls da mis warmomadgenels ufleba aqvT mxari

dauWiron wina braldebas. Aam SemTxvevaSi sisxlis samarT-

lebrivi devna ar wydeba da sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

ganxilva sasamarTloSi grZeldeba, sadac bralmdeblad

gamodis dazaralebuli an misi warmomadgeneli, xolo

prokurors uflba aqvs saqmis Semdgom ganxilvaSi

monawileoba ar miiRos radgan man Tavisi pozicia ukve

daafiqsira saxelmwifo braldebasTan mimarTebaSi.

amasTan, dazaralebulsac ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas

braldebis mxardaWeraze. swored amitom, sasamarTlo sx-

domis mosamzadebel stadiaze sasamarTlo sxdomaSi

dazaralebulis monawileobis sakiTxis garkvevisa da mis-

Tvis uflebebis ganmartebis dros sasamarTlom unda

gaarkvios dazaralebulisa da misi warmomadgenlis pozi-

cia subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorciele-

basTan dakavSirebiT.

dazaralebulis interesebis dacvis saintereso SemTx-

vevas warmoadgens kerZo braldebis saqmeTa warmoeba, sadac,

rogorc wesi figurirebs mxolod dazaralebulis kerZo

interesi da dazaralebuli kerZo bralmdeblad gvevlineba.

Sesabamisad misi dawyebisTvisac swored dazaralebulis

saCivaria saWiro, iseve rogorc saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetac,

rogorc wesi, dazaralebulis nebazea damokidebuli (mx-

areTa Serigebaze). Tumca rogorc sasamarTlo praqtika

gviCvenebs, am kategoriis saqmeebze mxareebi erTmaneTs uy-

eneben braldebebs, ris gamoc dazaralebuli imavdroulad

braldebuladac gvevlineba xolme da piriqiT (es gansa-

kuTrebiT exeba ssk 125-e muxls (cema)).

sisxlis samarTlis procesis mwarmoebeli organos mier

piris dazaralebulad cnoba ar niSnavs piris dazaralebu-

lobis sakiTxis savaldebulo wesiT dadasturebas sasa-

marTlo ganaCeniT. sssk iTvaliswinebs piris dazaralebulad

cnobis Sesaxeb ganCinebis (dadgenilebis) gauqmebis valde-

bulebas, Tu aRniSnuli saproceso dokumentis gamotanis

Semdeg dadgindeba, rom amis safuZveli ar arsebobs. amasTan,

es SeiZleba iyos procesis mwarmoebeli igive organo

(Tanamdebobis piri) an Tu es safuZveli gamovlindeba Sem-

deg stadiaze-procesis mwarmoebeli sxva organo (Tanamde-

bobis piri). magaliTad, dazaralebulad cnobis Sesaxeb

gamomZieblis dadgenileba SeiZleba gaauqmos sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom (mosamarTlem),

Tu gauqmebis safuZveli gamovlinda saqmis sasamarTloSi

ganxilvis dros.

erT-erT problematur sakiTxs dazaralebulis samarT-

lebriv statusTan dakavSirebiT warmoadgens dazaralebu-

lis procesualuri damoukideblobis da alternatiuli

gamoZiebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobis sakiTxi, razec

sakmaod didi xnis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda debatebi.

kerZod, ramdenad aris daculi dazaralebulis interesebi

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sajaro braldebis saqmeze saxelmwifo

bralmdebeli uars acxadebs braldebis mxardaWeraze da

dazaralebuls uspobs sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis gagr-

Zelebis SesaZleblobas, rogor wydeba sakiTxi Tu dazarale-

buli ar uWers mxars saxelmwifo bralmdeblis pozicias

da iTxovs Cadenili qmedebis gansxvavebul kvalifikacias

da Sesabamisad gansxvavebuli saxis sisxlis samarTlis

sasjels gansasjelisaTvis.sakmariasia Tu ara aRniSnuli

224 225

miznis misaRwevad misTvis gasaCivrebis da Suamdgomlobis

gancxadebis uflebis miniWeba1. miT umetes, rom sssk 24.3

muxlis Tanaxmad sajaro sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis

ganxorcielebisas prokurori da gamomZiebeli SeboWilni

ar arian dazaralebulis da sxva pirTa poziciiT.

dazaralebulis uflebebi da movaleobebi:

dazaralebulad cnobis momentidan piri iZens ufle-

ba-movaleobaTa farTo kompleqss, romelTa meSveobiTac

igi axorcielebs Tavisi uflebebis da kanonieri ineter-

esebis dacvas da ramac unda uzrunvelyos procesSi misi

monawileobis maRali xarisxi. Tavisi uflebebis real-

izaciis gziT igi axorcielebs braldebis funqcias: sa-

jaro da kerZo-sajaro braldebis saqmeebze aris sub-

sidiuri bralmdebeli, kerZo braldebis saqmeebze-kerZo

bralmdebeli, xolo samoqalaqo sarCelis Setanis SemTx-

vevaSi_ xdeba samoqalaqo mosarCele da iZens mis ufle-

ba-movaleobebsac. imavdroulad misi Cvenebebi mtkiceb-

ulebis wyaroa.

sssk dazaralebulisaTvis miniWebuli uflebebi piro-

biTad sam nawilad iyofa:

1. dazaralebulis specifikuri uflebebi;

2. braldebulis uflebebis analogiuri uflebebi;

3. | procesis sxva monawileTa uflebebis analogiuri

uflebebi.

kerZod, sssk Tanaxmad, dazaralebuls an mis ufle-

1 magaliTad aSS ssskanondebloba dazaralebuls aniWebs sisxlis samarT-

lebrivi devnis ganxorceielbis uflebas. safrangeTis sss kanonmdeblobaSi

`dazaralebuli~ da `samoqalaqo mosarCelis cnebebi~ sinonimebia. dazarale-

buls ufleba eZleva warmoadginos samoqalaqo sarCeli sisxlis samarTlis

procesSi da am gziT daiwyos sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna an samoqalaqo

mosarCelis saxiT Sevides sisxlis samarTlis procesSi prokuroris mier

dawyebul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.

bamonacvles ufleba aqvs:

a) gaecnos dadgenilebas (ganCinebas) dazaralebulad cno-

bis Sesaxeb da miiRos ganmarteba misi Sinaarsisa da

Tavisi ufleba-movaleobebis Sesaxeb;

b) misces Cveneba da ganmarteba;

g) ganacxados acileba;

d) ganacxados Suamdgomlobani mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovis,

sasamarTlo da sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis, saqmis

garemoebaTa Semowmebisa da samarTalwarmoebis dros

wamoWrili sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxeb;

e) warmoadginos mtkicebulebani;

v) sawinaaRmdego azri gamoTqvas procesis mwarmoebeli or-

ganos moqmedebaze da moiTxovos misi Setana sagamoZiebo

moqmedebis oqmSi an sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi;

z) gaasaCivros prokurorTan, saCivris uaryofis SemTx-

vevaSi – zemdgom prokurorTan gamomZieblis da proku-

roris moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba, xolo am kodeqsiT

dadgenil SemTxvevaSi – sasamarTloSi;

T) pirisTvis braldebis wayenebis Semdeg icodes misi

arsi;

i) monawileoba miiRos Tavisi SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul

sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi;

k) saqmis sabraldebo daskvniT sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis

Semdeg gaecnos saqmis mTeli masalis asls da nivTier

mtkicebulebebs;

m) monawileoba miiRos sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi: warmoad-

ginos mtkicebulebani da gamoikvlios procesis sxva

monawileTa mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebani; gamov-

ides kamaTSi da gamoTqvas azri braldebis dasabuTebu-

lobis, qmedebis kvalifikaciis, sasjelis saxisa da

226 227

zomis, samoqalaqo sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb;

gaecnos sasamarTlo sxdomis oqms da gamoTqvas masze

SeniSvnebi;

n) gaasaCivros pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ganaCeni

Tu sxva gadawyvetileba saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT,

xolo kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi – axlad aRmoCe-

nil da axlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo, da gamoTq-

vas sawinaaRmdego azri procesis sxva monawileTa sa-

Civrebze;

o) ufasod miiRos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da

winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis

(ganCinebis), sabraldebo daskvnis, ganaCenis, sxva

Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aslebi,

Targmnili misTvis gasageb enaze, Tu ar icis sisxlis

samarTlis procesis ena;

p) misces Cveneba da ganmarteba mSobliur an misTvis gasageb

enaze da isargeblos Tarjimnis ufaso momsaxurebiT;

J) monawileoba miiRos saapelacio da sakasacio instancie-

bis sasamarTloTa sxdomebSi da daicvas iq Tavisi

uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi;

r) miiRos procesSi monawileobis Sedegad gaweuli xar-

jebis anazRaureba;

s) daibrunos gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros

saqmis saWiroebisaTvis droebiT CamorTmeuli kuTvnili

qoneba;

t) iyolios warmomadgeneli dazaralebulad cnobis momen-

tidan da samarTalwarmoebis nebismier momentSi uari

Tqvas mis momsaxurebaze;

u) ganTavisufldes advokat-warmomadgenlis Sromis anaz-

Raurebisagan 71-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul

SemTxvevebSi;

f) procesis mwarmoebel pirs mosTxovos dacvis RonisZie-

baTa gatareba, Tu safrTxe emuqreba rogorc mis, ise

misi axlo naTesavebis sicocxles, janmrTelobasa da

sakuTrebas

q) uari Tqvas kerZo braldebaze;

R) mxolod dazarlebulis TanxmobiT SeiZleba Catardes

dazaralebulis Semowmeba, eqspertiza dakavSirebuli

gaSiSvlebasTan. agreTve sircxvilis grZnobis gamom-

wvevi sxva moqmedeba1.

dazaralebulisa da misi uflebamonacvlis movaleobe-

bi:

1. dazaralebuli an misi uflebamonacvle valdebulia

gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos

gamoZaxebiT _ sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi an sasamarTlo

sxdomaSi dazaralebulis monawileobis uzrunvelyofis

mizniT gamomZiebelTan, prokurorTan an mosamarTlesTan.

dazaralebulis arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis

SemTxvevaSi igi SeiZleba iZulebiT moiyvanon procesis

nebismier stadiaze, magram mxolod sasamarTlo gadaw-

yvetilebis (winaswari gamoZiebisas_ brZanebis, saqmis

arsebiTad ganxilvisas-dadgenilebis an ganCinebis) sa-

fuZvelze. amasTan, dauSvebelia dazaralebulis moyvana

misi winaswari gamoZaxebis, nebayoflobiT gamocxade-

baze uaris Tqmis da mizezis arasapatio xasiaTis

dadgenis gareSe. rogorc wesi, dauSvebelia sasamarT-

loSi saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas dazaralebulis

iZulebiT moyvana ssk 140 da 141-e muxlebiT gaTval-

1 sssk 69.1 muxlis `R~ qvepunqti iTvaliswinebs aseve mis uflebas samar-

TalSi micemis stadiaze monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, maSin, rodesac

es stadia 2006wlis 28 aprilis kanoniT gauqmebulia.

228 229

iswinebul danaSaulTa saqmeebze, Tumca gamonaklisis

saxiT, sssk iTvaliswinebs dazaralebulis iZulebiT

moyvanas Tu mosamarTles dazaralebulis monawileobis

gareSe SeuZleblad miaCnia saqmis gadawyveta.

dazaralebulis gamoucxadebloba sajaro da kerZo-

sajaro braldebis saqmeze ar abrkolebs sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis ganxorcielebas.

2. gulaxdilad acnobos yvelaferi, rac saqmesTan dakav-

SirebiT icis, da upasuxos dasmul SekiTxvebs_

dazaralebuls cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis ekisreba pa-

suxismgebloba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-

eqsis 370-e muxlis Sesabamisad. amasTan, sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devna am safuZvliT SeiZleba daiwyos mxolod

ganaCenis an sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadaw-

yvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.

3. ar gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakavSirebiT misTvis cnobili

garemoebebi, Tu igi amis Sesaxeb gaafrTxila procesis

mwarmoebelma organom;

4. daicvas sssk dadgenili wesi winaswari gamoZiebis dros

da sasamarTloSi.

dazaralebulis warmomadgeneli:

sisxlis samarTlis procesi Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom

procesis mwarmoebel organoebs akisrebs valdebulebas

detalurad ganumarton dazaralebuls misi uflebebi da

movaleobebi, daicvan da xeli Seuwyon misi uflebebis ganx-

orcielebas, vinaidan dazaralebuli, rogorc wesi, iu-

ridiuli ganaTlebis ar mqonea, sssk dazaralebulis ufle-

bebis da kanonieri inetersebis dacvis uzrunvelyofis

mizniT iTvaliswinebs dazaraleblis warmomadgenlis

monawileobas winaswar gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi. amas-

Tanave, sssk:

1. warmomadgenlad monawileobis uflebas aniWebs mxolod

advokatebs;

2. ar zRudavs dazaralebuls warmomadgenelTa raode-

nobaSi _ dazaralebuls SeuZlia procesSi moiwvios

warmomadgenelTa misTvis sasurveli raodenoba.

3. adgens procesSi warmomadgenlis monawileobis saval-

debulo SemTxvevebs.

warmomadgenlis institutis mizania xeli Seuwyos

procesis monawileTa mier sssk miniWebuli uflebebis,

movaleobebis da kanonieri ineteresebis srulyofilad

dacva-ganxorcielebas. aseTi dacva, rogorc wesi, sWird-

eba ara mxolod fizikur, aramed iuridiul pirebsac,

romlebic:

a) moklebulni arian procesSi damoukideblad monawileo-

bis SesaZleblobas-magaliTad janmrTelobis mdgomare-

obis (qmeduunaroba, xangrZlivi stacionaluri

mkurnaloba), mivlinebaSi yofnis gamo da a.S;

b) procesSi monawileobisas ganicdian mniSvnelovan sirTu-

leebs TavianTi uflebebis da kanonieri interesebis

realizaciasTan dakavSirebiT-magaliTad SezRuduli

qmedunarianoba-arasrulwlovneba da a.S;

g) vinaidan ar gaaCniaT iuridiuli ganaTleba, upirateso-

bas aniWeben advokatebis daxmarebas;

d) iuridiuli pirebi da saxelmwifo-procesSi monawileo-

ben mxolod warmomadgenlis meSveobiT.

sssk adgens procesSi dazaralebulis warmomadgenlis

monawileobis or SemTxvevas:

1. fakultaturi-procesSi dazaralebulis warmomadgenlis

monawileoba damokidebulia dazaralebulis nebasur-

vilze. Tumca am SemTxvevaSic warmomadgenlis pro-

cesSi Semosvlis safuZveli SeiZleba iyos an dazrale-

230 231

bulTan dadebuli SeTanxmeba iuridiuli momsaxurebis

gawevis Taobaze an procesis mwarmoebeli organos mier

warmomadgenlis daniSvna;

2. savaldebulo SemTxvevebi-warmomadgenlis mowveva xde-

ba dazaralebulis nebis miuxedavad da calkeul SemTx-

vevebSi misi nebis sawinaaRmdegodac (Tu igi uars

acxadebs saerTod warmomadgenlis mowvevaze da ara

konkretul pirze) da miekuTvneba erT-erT Semdeg kat-

egorias:

• aris arasrulwlovani;

• qmeduunaro an SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone;

• janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo ar SeuZlia daic-

vas Tavisi interesebi

• aris adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) danaSaulSi

dazaralebuli

• aris arasrulwlovniT vaWrobis (trefikingis) da-

naSaulSi dazaralebuli

aRniSnul SemTxvevebSi procesis mwarmoebeli organo

uzrunvelyofs saqmeSi advokatis monwileobas, romlis

xarjebsac aanazRaurebs saxelmwifo. unda aRiniSnos, rom

mxolod savaldebulo dacvis SemTxvevebTan mimarTebaSi

sssk iTvaliswinebs dacvis funqciis ganxorcielebis

uflebis miniWebas advokat-warmomadgenlis paralelurad

dazaralebulis kanonieri warmomadgenlisTvisac.

dazaralebulis savaldebulo warmomadgenlobasTan

dakavSireiT sainteresoa dazaralebulis ufleba warmomad-

genlis arCevaze da warmomadgenlis daxmarebaze uaris Tqmis

Taobaze, iseve rogorc sakiTxi warmomadgenelTa Secvlis

Sesaxeb, rogorc maTi saxazino wesiT daniSvnis, aseve saval-

debulo warmomadgenlobis SemTxvevebTan mimarTebaSi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom sssk aRniSnul sakiTxs pirdapir

ar aregulirebs, procesSi mxareTa Tanabaruflebianobis da

SejibrebiTobis principisaTvis saTanado winapirobebis Se-

qnis mizniT igulismeba, rom aq moqmedebs sssk is normebi,

romlebic aregulireben aRniSnul sakiTxs braldebulebT-

an (gansasjelebTan) mimarTebaSi. Sesabamisad,

dazaralebuls ufleba aqvs procesis nebismier stadi-

aze uari Tqvas daniSnuli Tu mowveuli warmomadgenlis

daxamarebaze da damoukideblad ganaxorcielos dacva an

moiwvios sxva warmomadgeneli. imavdroulad mas ufleba

aqvs Secvalos Tavisi uari warmomadgenlis daxmarebaze da

mogvianebiT moiTxovos warmomadgenlis daniSvna an Tavad

moiwvios igi. uari warmomadgenlis momsaxurebaze da misi

Secvlis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba unda dakmayofildes Tu

uari miznad ar isaxavs procesis gaWianurebas an procesis

sxva monawilisaTvis xelis SeSlas Tavisi uflebebis ganx-

orcielebaSi. amasTan, procesis mwarmoebel organos ara

aqvs ufleba SezRudos dazaralebuli warmomadgenlis ar-

CevanSi.

sssk Tanaxmad procesSi dazaralebulis warmomadgenlis

monawileobis safuZvelia:

1. mowveva dazaralebulis an misi kanonieri warmomad-

genlis mier

2. daniSvna procesis mwarmoebeli organos mier.

Pprocesis mwarmoebeli organos mier warmomadgenlis

daniSvnas adgili aqvs or SemTxvevaSi:

1. savaldebulo warmomadgenloba;

2. Tu dazaralebuls surs iyolios warmomadgeneli,

magram ar gaaCnia sakmarisi finansuri SesaZlebloba misi

mowvevisaTvis-kerZod, gadaxdisuunarobis damadasturebeli

dokumentis wardgenis SemTxvevaSi, romelsac gascems

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis da mmarTvelobis organo,

232 233

saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs arasmqone dazaralebulis in-

teresebis warmomadgenlad advokatis mowvevas saxelmwifos

xarjze. Tu SeuZlebeli xdeba dazaralebulis gadaxdisu-

unarobis damadasturebeli dokumentis miReba, gadaw-

yvetilebas dazaralebulisaTvis warmomadgenlis saxelm-

wifos xarjze daniSvnis Sesaxeb iRebs procesis mwarmoebeli

organo.

amasTan, dazaralebulis warmomadgenlis daniSvnas ad-

gili aqvs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca dazaralebuls ar

mouwvevia warmomadgeneli.

warmomadgenlis uflebebi da movaleobebi:

warmomadgeneli procesSi monawileobs dazaralebulis

paralelurad. igi ar enacvleba dazaralebuls da imavdrou-

lad valdebulia sakuTari saproceso pozicia da warmo-

madgenlobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi SeuTanxmos

dazaralebuls. warmomadgeneli monawileobs procesSi

dazaralebulTan erTad an misi davalebiT_ marto, garda

im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac sssk iTvaliswinebs piradad

dazaralebulis savaldebulo monawileobas.

warmomadgeneli sargeblobs igive uflebebiT, rac

dazaralebuli. gamonaklisia:

1. im uflebaTa kompleqsi, romlis ganxorcielebac

piradad dazaralebulTan aris dakavSirebuli_ magaliTad,

Cvenebis micema, ufleba ufaso iuridiul warmomadgen-

lobaze, ufleba Semajamebeli dokumentebis ufasod da

misTvis gasageb enaze miRebaze, ufleba saqmis saWiroebi-

saTvis droebiT CamorTmeuli misi kuTvnili qonebis dab-

runebaze; ufleba iyolios warmomadgeneli.

2. uflebebi, romelTa ganxorcieleba daiSveba mxolod

dazaralebulTan SeTanxmebiT.

dazaralebulis warmomadgenels ara aqvs ufleba,

dazaralebulis Tanxmobis gareSe:

_ daeTanxmos uars sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da

winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetaze,

_ prokuroris uars braldebaze an braldebis Secv-

laze,

_ uari Tqvas sarCelze,

_ Seamciros sarCelis Tanxa,

_ mourigdes an Seurigdes braldebuls kerZo bralde-

bis saqmeTa gamo,

_ gaasaCivros ganaCeni da sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo

gadawyvetileba, an

_ uari Tqvas maT gasaCivrebaze.

gamonaklisia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac warmomadgen-

loba xorcieledeba dazaralebulis nebisagan damoukide-

blad savaldebulo warmomadgenlobis farglebSi.

dazaralebulis warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs procesis

mwarmoebel organos (Tanamdebobis pirs) mosTxovos dacvis

RonisZiebaTa gatareba, Tu safrTxe emuqreba misi an misi

axlo naTesavis:

_ sicocxles;

_ janmrTelobas;

_ sakuTrebas.

dazaralebulis warmomadgenels ekisreba sssk 70-e

muxlis pirveli nawiliT dazaralebulze dakisrebuli

movaleobebi. amasTan, warmomadgenels, arc erT SemTxvevaSi

ara aqvs ufleba imoqmedos dazaralebulis interesebis

sazianod.

dazaralebulis warmomadgeneli monawileobas ver mi-

iRebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi, Tu:

234 235

a) igi winaT monawileobda imave saqmeSi, rogorc mosa-

marTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo sxdomis

mdivani, mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani an dam-

swre;

b) mas naTesauri urTierToba aqvs mosamarTlesTan,

prokurorTan, gamomZiebelTan an sasamarTlo sxdomis mdi-

vanTan, romelic monawileobda an monawileobs am saqmis

gamoZiebasa Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi, anda pirTan, romlis

interesebic ewinaaRmdegeba procesis im monawilis inter-

esebs da romelmac masTan dado SeTanxmeba iuridiuli

daxmarebis gawevis Sesaxeb;

g) mas ukavia mosamarTlis, prokuroris an gamomZieblis

Tanamdeboba, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca igi Sromisuunaro

piris kanonieri warmomadgenelia, anda roca dawesebuleba,

romelSic igi muSaobs, cnobilia samoqalaqo mosarCeled

an samoqalaqo mopasuxed da is am dawesebulebis warmomad-

genlad gamodis;

d) igi iuridiul daxmarebas uwevs an winaT uwevda

pirs, romlis interesebic ewinaaRmdegeba mis mier dasa-

cavi braldebulis, eWvmitanilis, dazaralebulis, samo-

qalaqo mosarCelis an samoqalaqo mopasuxis interesebs,

romlis warmomadgenelic is aris;

e) dasacavi piri (marwmunebeli) uars ambobs dacvaze

(warmomadgenlobaze) da uari miRebulia.

$5. eWvmitanilis samarTlebrivi statusi$5. eWvmitanilis samarTlebrivi statusi

eWvmitanili sisxlis samarTlis procesis subieqtia,

romelic saproceso-samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi Cndeba

winaswari gamoZiebis sawyis etapze. procesSi misi

monawileoba lokalur xasiaTs atarebs, radgan eWvmitani-

lis saproceso mdgomareobaSi piri SeiZleba imyofebodes

mxolod drois mcire monakveTis manZilze.

moqmedi saproceso kanonis Tanaxmad, piris eWvmitanilad

cnoba xdeba dadgenilebis gamotaniT an dakavebis oqmis

SedgeniT.

eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenileba gamoaqvs

prokurors an gamomZiebels prokuroris TanxmobiT. aseTi

dadgenileba SeiZleba iyos gamotanili im SemTxvevaSi,

rodesac arsebobs safuZveli eWvisaTvis, anu arsebobs faq-

tobrivi monacemebi, romlebic miuTiTeben piris mier dana-

Saulis Cadenis faqtze, magram es ar aris sakmarisi misT-

vis braldebis wasayeneblad. cxadia, kanoni ar moiTxovs

sarwmunod iyos damtkicebuli piris monawileoba danaSau-

lis CadenaSi. aseTi moTxovna ararealuri iqneboda gamoZie-

bis sawyis etapze, magram aucilebelia gamoZiebis organoebs

gaaCndeT eWvis dasabuTebisaTvis saWiro mtkicebulebebi.

danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili piris dakaveba Sei-

Zleba ganxorcieldes saqarTvelos sssk 142-e muxliT

gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas. dakavebisTanave

dauyovnebliv unda Sedges dakavebis oqmi policiis Tanam-

Sromlis an sxva kompetenturi Tanamdebobis piris mier.

amasTan, Tu dakavebis oqmis Sedgena dakavebisTanave SeuZle-

belia garkveuli obieqturi mizezebis gamo, igi unda

Sedges policiis dawesebulebaSi dakavebulis miyvanisTanave.

piris eWvmitanilad cnoba xdeba faqtobrivad dakavebis

236 237

oqmiT da dakavebisas calke dadgenilebis gamotana piris

eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb saWiro ar aris.

kanonis Tanaxmad piris dakavebis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv

unda ecnobos prokurors, romelic Tavis mxriv, uflebam-

osilia gaecnos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebs, dakave-

bulis dakiTxvisa da gamomZieblis dasabuTebis mosmenis

gziT Seamowmos dakavebis kanoniereba da dasabuTebuloba,

Sewyvitos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna anda gamoZieba da

gaaTavisuflos dakavebuli.

aRsaniSnavia, rom braldebisagan gansxvavebiT eWvi

garkveuli specifikis matarebelia. kanonis Tanaxmad, dadge-

nilebaSi braldebulis saxiT piris pasuxisgebaSi micemis

Sesaxeb braldeba unda iyos zustad formulirebuli, eWvis

mimarT ki aseTi moTxovna ar arsebobs, radgan monacemebi

danaSaulis Camden savaraudo pirze am etapisaTvis sakma-

risi sisruliT jer kidev ar aris gamovlenili. amitom

saproceso dokumentebSi (dadgenilebaSi eWvmitanilad piris

cnobis Sesaxeb da dakavebis oqmSi) eWvi ar SeiZleba ise

konkretulad iyos gamoxatuli, rogorc braldeba.

sssk 72-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu eWvmitanili dakaveb-

uli ar aris, mas unda waeyenos braldeba ara ugvianes

30 dRisa. am vadis gasvlis Semdeg, Tu mas braldeba ar

waeyena, dadgenileba misi eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb

uqmdeba. Tu eWvmitanili dakavebulia dakavebis saerTo

vada ar unda aRematebodes 48 saaTs. eWvmitanils am vadis

amowurvamde unda waeyenos braldeba. momdevno 24 saaTSi

piri unda waredginos sasamarTlos, romelmac unda miiRos

gadawyvetileba mis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefarde-

bis Taobaze, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi piri unda gaTavisu-

fldes.

eWvmitanils, rogorc procesis subieqts gaaCnia kanoniT

gansazRvruli saproceso ufleba-movaleobebi. igi Tavisi

uflebebis realizacias axorcielebs braldebulis msgavsad.

upirveles yovlisa, sssk 73-e muxlis Tanaxmad, eWvmitanils

ufleba aqvs, icodes Tu romeli danaSaulis CadenaSi ar-

sebobs mis mimarT eWvi. mocemuli uflebis uzrunvelsayofad

dadgenilebaSi eWvmitanilad piris cnobis Sesaxeb unda iyos

miTiTebuli eWvis safuZveli, xolo dakavebis oqmSi saval-

debuloa aRiniSnos dakavebis safuZveli da motivebi,

agreTve danaSauli, romlis CadenaSicaa eWvmitanili piri.

oqms xels unda awerdes dakavebuli. amasTan, eWvmitanils

eWvmitanilad cnobisTanave xelze unda gadaeces eWvmita-

nilad cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis asli, xolo dakavebis

SemTxvevaSi dakavebis oqmis asli.

eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs misces an ar misces Cveneba.

am kuTxiT is sruliad gaTanabrebulia braldebulTan.

eWvmitanili ar SeiZleba mieces sisxlis samarTlis pasux-

isgebaSi Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis (radgan mas aqvs

dumilis ufleba, rac unda ganemartos dakavebisTanave) da

arc winaswari SecnobiT cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis. eWvmi-

tanils ufleba aqvs ar daibralos danaSauli. kanonis es

moTxovna Seesabameba samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebe-

bis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtis moTxovnebs.

eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs iyolios damcveli. amasTan

damcvelis mowvevis moTxovna unda dakmayofildes dakave-

bisTanave, dauyovnebliv, axsna-ganmartebis micemamde, xolo

Tu es obieqturi mizezebis gamo ver xerxdeba, maqsimalurad

gonivrul droSi, raTa eWvmitanils mieces sakmarisi dro

da saSualeba Tavis dasacavad. amasTan eWvmitanils ufleba

aqvs moiTxovos damcvelis mowveva rogorc SeTanxmebiT,

aseve daniSvniT anazRaurebisagan srulad ganTavisuflebiT

sssk me-80 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.

238 239

eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs pirispir, calke Sexvdes dam-

cvels Sexvedrebis raodenobisa da xangrZlivobis SeuzRu-

davad. amasTan, kanoni iTvaliswinebs mocemuli uflebis

SezRudvasac. kerZod, gamoZiebis interesebidan gamomdinare

aRniSnuli ufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos gonivruli vadiT.

es SezRudva ganpirobebulia procesSi eWvmitanilis epi-

zoduri da moklevadiani monawileobiT. eWvmitanili Tu

isargeblebs damcvelTan pirispir Sexvedris SeuzRudavi

uflebamosilebiT, faqtobrivad SeiZleba ise amoiwuros

misi eWvmitanilad yofnis vada, rom man ver SeZlos sxva

uflebebis realizacia. cxadia, es garemoeba xels SeuSlis

aseve procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis pirs

eWvmitanilis mimarT sagamoZiebo da sxva saproceso moq-

medebebis ganxorcielebaSi. amasTan, Tanamdebobis piris

TviTnebobis Tavidan asacileblad kanonmdeblis mier gaT-

valiswinebulia aRniSnuli uflebis SezRudvis da gonivru-

li vadis dawesebis Taobaze gamoZiebis mwarmoebeli piris

mier motivirebuli dadgenilebis gamotanis aucilebloba.

eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs dakavebisTanave an eWvmitanilad

cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gamotanisTanave moiTxovos

ufaso samedicino Semowmeba, aseve samedicino eqspertizis

daniSvna misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesamowmeblad,

rac dauyovnebliv unda dakmayofildes winaaRmdeg SemTx-

vevaSi eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros eqspertizis

daniSvnaze uari erTjeradad raionis (qalaqis) sasamarT-

loSi gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT. saCivari ganixileba misi

miRebidan 24 saaTSi, amasTan, mis mier miRebuli gadaw-

yvetileba ar saCivrdeba zemdgom instanciaSi. eWvmitanils

xelze unda gadaeces samedicino Semowmebis Taobaze weri-

lobiTi daskvna, agreTve eqspertizis daskvna.

eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRos misi an

misi damcvelis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul sagamoZiebo

moqmedebebSi. Cxrekis, amoRebis da SemTxvevis adgilis daT-

valierebis dros moiwvios damswre (ara umetes orisa),

xolo Tu man ar icis, an arasaTanadod icis sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis ena, ufasod isargeblos Tarjimnis

momsaxurebiT.

eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs ganacxados Suamdgomlobebi.

Suamdgomloba SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxis. kerZod, ama

Tu im piris mowmis saxiT dakiTxvis Sesaxeb, mtkicebule-

bebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebri-

vi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da a.S. cxadia, Suamdgomloba

unda iyos dasabuTebuli, argumentirebuli. mas ufleba aqvs

ganacxados acileba, waradginos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic

gamoricxaven mis monawileobas danaSaulis CadenaSi, an am-

subuqeben mis pasuxismgeblobas. amasTan, Tu eWvmitanili

ver waradgens misi eWvis uarmyofel, gamabaTilebel an

gamomricxav mtkicebulebebs, es garemoeba ar SeiZleba miC-

neuli iyos eWvis dadasturebad, radgan udanaSaulobis

prezumfciidan gamomdinare eWvmitanili ar aris valdebuli

amtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba. eWvisa da braldebis mt-

kicebis movaleoba akisria procesis mwarmoebel organos.

eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs sssk 138-e muxlis Tanaxmad,

dakavebidan araugvianes 5 saaTSi, xolo Tu is arasrulw-

lovania araugvianes 3 saaTisa Seatyobinos ojaxis wevrebs

an naTesavebsa da axloblebs dakavebis Sesaxeb da dakave-

bis adgili.

eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros gamomZieblis moq-

medebebi da gadawyvetilebebi prokurorTan, prokurorisa _

zemdgom prokurorTan, aseve kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi

_ sasamarTloSi. ufleba aqvs miiRos anazRaureba zianisaT-

vis, romelic mas miadga ukanono dakavebis Sedegad.

240 241

eWvmitanils ufleba aqvs gamomZieblisagan miiRos amom-

wuravi ganmarteba Tavisi uflebebisa da movaleobebis

Sesaxeb. eWvmitanilis mier Tavisi uflebebis gamouyen-

ebloba ar SeiZleba gagebuli an ganmartebuli iqnes misi

danaSaulis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.

kanonSi savaldebulo wesiT ar aris formulirebuli

eWvmitanilis dakiTxvis Taobaze, radgan dakavebuli eWvmi-

tanilis dakiTxva procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamde-

bobis piris uflebamosilebaa, rac ar migvaCnia sworad.

eWvmitanilis dakiTxva saqmis garemoebebze da mis dakave-

basTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze unda warmoebdes dauy-

ovnebliv, rac erTis mxriv, eWvmitanils miscems SesaZle-

blobas daicvas Tavi da uaryos eWvis safuZveli da meores

mxriv, procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis piri

miiRebs informacias uSualod eWvmitanilisagan momxdari

faqtis da am danaSaulSi misi monawileobis sakiTxebze.

uflebebTan erTad eWvmitanils akisria garkveuli

movaleobebi. kerZod, igi movalea gamocxaddes gamoZaxebi-

sTanave procesis mwarmoebel organoSi; xeli ar SeuSalos

WeSmaritebis dadgenas mtkicebulebaTa mospobiT, falsi-

fikaciiT, mowmeTa da dazaralebulTa SegulianebiT. xeli

ar SeuSalos procesis mwarmoebel organos Semowmebis,

eqspertizis, saeqsperto gamokvlevis, nimuSebis aRebis,

eqspertizisaTvis samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis,

piradi Cxrekisa da sxva saproceso moqmedebebis Catarebis

Sesaxeb gamotanil kanonier dadgenilebaTa Sesrulebas.

saproceso movaleobaTa SeusruleblobisaTvis eWvmita-

nilis mimarT gamoiyeneba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

iZulebis RonisZiebebi.

$6. braldebulis samarTlebrivi statusi $6. braldebulis samarTlebrivi statusi

da ufleba-movaleobebida ufleba-movaleobebi

braldebuli sisxlis samarTlis procesisi erT-erTi

centraluri subieqtia. im qmedebaze, romelic mas bralad

eracxeba warmoebs winaswari gamoZieba, sasamarTlo gamoZie-

ba da dgindeba ganaCeni.


mixedviT ,,braldebuli~ gvareobiTi cnebaa, masTan mimarTe-

baSi terminebi ,,eWvmitanili~, ,,gansasjeli~, ,,msjavrdebu-

li~ warmoadgenen saxeobiT cnebebs. braldebuls, romlis

mimarTac arsebobs gonivruli eWvis safuZveli, rom man

Caidina danaSauli, magram amgvari eWvi ar aris sakmarisi

imisaTvis, rom piris mimarT wayenebul iqnes braldeba,

kanoni uwodebs eWvmitanils; braldebuls, romlis mi-

marTac mimdinareobs sasamarTlo ganxilva ewodeba gan-

sasjeli; braldebuls, romlis mimarTac gamotanilia

gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni _ msjavdebuli, xolo gamamarTle-

beli ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi ki gamarTlebuli.

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTadad TavisuflebaTa dacvis

Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, bral-

debuli aris piri, romlis mimarTac ama Tu im formiT

xorcieldeba sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna _sabraldebo

saqmianoba. rogorc vxedavT, evropuli konvencia farTod

ganmartavs braldebulis cnebas da Slis sxvaobas eWvmita-

nils, braldebulsa da gansasjels Soris.


44-e muxlis 24-e punqtis Tanaxmad, braldebuli aris

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemuli piri. sssk 75_

e muxlis mixedviT, braldebulad iTvleba piri, romlis

mimarTac gamotanilia gamomZieblis an prokuroris dadge-

242 243

nileba misi braldebulad pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb.

piris braldebulad cnobis uflebamosileba gaaCnia

gamomZiebels prokuroris TanxmobiT da prokurors. amisT-

vis maT unda gamoitanon dadgenileba braldebulis saxiT

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb.

braldebulad piris cnobisaTvis unda arsebobdes faq-

tobrivi da samarTlebrivi safuZveli. unda arsebobdes

kanoniT dadgenili wesiT Sekrebili da Semowmebuli mt-

kicebulebebis erToblioba, romlebiT miuTiTeben imaze, rom

swored konkretuli piris mier aris Cadenili qmedeba,

romelic Seicavs danaSaulis niSnebs. sssk 281 –e muxlis

ZaliT braldebis wayenebis safuZvelia im mtkicebulebaTa

erToblioba, romlebic sakmarisia dasabuTebuli varaudis-

aTvis, rom konkretulma pirma Caidina danaSauli.

udanaSaulobis prezumciis principidan gamomdinare

piris cnoba braldebulad jer kidev ar niSnavs mis dam-

naSaved gamocxadebas. braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi

micemis Semdeg SeiZleba dadgindes misi arabraleuloba da

saqme am piris mimarT Sewydes; prokurorma SeiZleba sasa-

marTloSi uari Tqvas braldebaze; SesaZlebelia sasamarT-

lom gamoitanos gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni.

braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis aqti iwvevs

saproceso Sedegebs. kerZod, braldebulisTvis cnobili

xdeba Tu raSi edeba mas brali da Sesabamisad mas uCndeba

garkveuli ufleba-movaleobebi; gamomZiebeli, prokurori

movaleni arian braldebuls ganumarton kanoniT gaTval-

iswinebuli misi ufleba-movaleobebi da uzrunvelyon misi

ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobebi, amasTan isini uflebam-

osilni arian braldebulis mimarT gamoiyenon kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi

iZulebis RonisZieba.

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis mTel manZilze braldebu-

li warmoadgens dacvis uflebis subieqts, Tumca misi

saproceso mdgomareoba procesis sxvadasxva stadiebze erTi

da igive ar aris.

braldebulis saproceso statusis safuZvlebi ganmt-

kicebulia saqarTvelos konstituciaSi (m. 42-e), maTi

konkretizireba xdeba saproceso kodeqsSi. kanoni ara mx-

olod CamoTvlis braldebulis uflebebs, aramed iTval-

iswinebs maTi uzrunvelyofis saproceso saSualebebis

rTul meqanizms. ZiriTadi ufleba, romelic braldebuls

aqvs kanoniT miniWebuli da romelic gansazRvravs mis sap-

roceso mdgomareobas es aris dacvis ufleba.

braldebulis dacvis ufleba _ es aris sxvadasxva

uflebebis kompleqsi, rac braldebuls gaaCnia procesis

yvela stadiaze da rac mas aZlevs SesaZleblobas uaryos

braldeba, daicvas Tavisi interesebi da Tavisi pozicia

saqmeze. kanonSi CamoTvlili braldebulis yvela ufleba

SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc ufro zogad kategoriaSi _

dacvis uflebaSi Semavali.

braldebulis ufleba-movaleobebi gansazRvrulia sssk-

is 76-77 -e muxlebiT. braldebulad cnobisTanave dauy-

ovnebliv, aseve nebismieri dakiTxvis win, misTvis gasageb

enaze braldebuls unda ecnobos saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli romeli danaSaulis

CadenaSi edeba brali. braldebuls unda gadaeces bralde-

bulad cnobis dadgenilebis asli.

ufleba icodes raSi edeba brali – braldebulis

uflebaTa Soris upirvelesia, radgan mis gareSe SeuZle-

belia sakuTari Tavis dacva. braldebulis saxiT pasuxis-

gebaSi micemis dadgenilebaSi miTiTebulia romeli dana-

Saulis CadenaSia piri braleuli da sisxlis samarTlis

244 245

kodeqsis romeli norma iTvaliswinebs am danaSauls.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs misces ganmarteba wardgenil

braldebaze, misces Cveneba. wardgenili braldebis ganmarte-

bas braldebuli iZleva dakiTxvis procesSi. Cvenebis mice-

misas is gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas wardgenili

braldebis mimarT (cnobs Tavs damnaSaved srulad, nawilo-

briv cnobs, saerTod ar cnobs) da Sesabamisad mohyavs

mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastureben an uaryofen bral-

debis Teziss.

cxadia, Cvenebis micema braldebulisaTvis uflebaa da

ara movaleoba. mas unda ganemartos braldebulad cno-

bisTanave, rom ar aris movale amxilos Tavisi Tavi an

axlo naTesavi danaSaulis CadenaSi. braldebuli ar agebs

pasuxs Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis an cru Cvenebis

micemisaTvis.

Tu braldebuli CaTvlis, rom Tavis dacvis saukeTeso

saSualebaa Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma, mas aqvs ufleba

isargeblos dumiliT da kiTxvebze pasuxis micemisagan Tavi

Seikavos. kanonis Tanaxmad, braldebuls unda ganemartos

ufleba ar daibralos danaSauli da rom yvelaferi, rasac

igi ityvis, SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes mis winaaRmdeg.

aRsaniSnavia, rom dumilis ufleba braldebuls SeuZlia

gamoiyenos samarTalwarmoebis mTel manZilze, amasTan

dumili ar SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli rogorc misi

braleulobis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba.

ufleba iyolios damcveli _ braldebulis erT-erTi

ZiriTadi uflebaa.

braldebuls aqvs damcvelis arCevisa da yolis, aseve

mis mier arCeuli damcvelis Secvlis ufleba nebismier

dros, xolo Tu is uqonelia_ufleba daeniSnos damcveli

saxelmwifos xarjze.

damcvelis personaluri mowveva braldebulis pre-

rogativaa. amitom braldebuls ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas

damcvelis momsaxurebaze da Tavi daicvas damoukideblad.

amasTan kanoni adgens damcvelis savaldebulo monawileo-

bis SemTxvevebs. aseTi SemTxvevebis arsebobisas braldebu-

lis uari damcvelze ar aris savaldebulo gamomZieblisaT-

vis, prokurorisaTvis da sasamarTlosaTvis. braldebu-

lisa da damcvelis urTierToba konfidencialuria da

akrZalulia SezRudvebis daweseba. braldebuls ufleba

aqvs Sexvdes damcvels pirispir Sexvedrebis raodenobisa

da xangrZlivobis miuxedavad.

kanonis Tanaxmad, braldebuls ufleba aqvs damoukide-

blad, an damcvelis meSveobiT Caataros kerZo gamoZieba.

Tumca kanonSi ar aris konkretuli miTiTeba kerZo gamoZie-

bis Catarebis saproceso wesis Sesaxeb. kerZo gamoZiebis

Catarebis erT-erT elementad SeiZleba CaiTvalos mtkice-

bulebebis mopoveba da wardgena. braldebulis mier mop-

ovebul mtkicebulebas braldebis mxaris mier mopovebuli

mtkicebulebis Tanabari Zala aqvs.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs gamoiTxovos mtkicebuleba

nebismieri saxelmwifo dawesebulebidan, organizaciidan,

komerciuli Tu sxva saxis kerZo dawesebulebidan, romel-

ic saWiroa braldebis uarsayofad an pasuxismgeblobis

Sesamsubuqeblad. Tu braldebuls uZneldeba mtkicebuleb-

is gamoTxova mas ufleba aqvs procesis mwarmoebel orga-

nos mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT, raTa sagani, dokumenti,

masala an sxva saxis faqtobrivi monacemi, romelsac saqmisT-

vis mniSvneloba aqvs da braldebulis mimarT wardgenil

braldebas aqarwylebs an amsubuqebs iyos gamoTxovili da

wardgenili gamoZiebis organoSi an sasamarTloSi.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs aRZras Suamdgomloba. bral-

246 247

debulis mier gancxadebuli Suamdgomloba SeiZleba iyos

sxvadasxvagvari. Suamdgomloba SeiZleba exebodes mtkice-

bulebebis gamoTxovas, danaSaulis kvalifikaciis Secvlas,

aRkveTis RonisZiebis gauqmebas an Secvlas, saqmis warmoe-

bis Sewyvetas, sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebas da a.S.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs Suamdgomloba aRZras rogorc

winaswari gamoZiebisas, aseve sasamarTloSi. Tu Sumadgom-

lobaSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis

mqonea, Suadgomloba unda dakmayofildes. Suamdgomlobis

dakmayofilebaze sruli an nawilobrivi uari unda iyos

asaxuli gamomZieblis an mosamarTlis motivirebul dadge-

nilebaSi da sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi. Suamdgomlobis dak-

mayofilebis Sesaxeb ecnobeba braldebuls, romelsac

ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba. winas-

wari gamoZiebis dros dayenebuli Suamdgomlobis dakmay-

ofilebis Sesaxeb uari, braldebuls ar arTmevs uflebas

imave saxis Suamdgomloba kvlav daayenos saqmis warmoebis

momdevno etapebze. braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos

sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba, monawileoba miiRos misi

an misi damcvelis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul sagamoZiebo

moqmedebaSi. gamoZiebis Sevsebis mizniT dacvis mtkiceb-

ulebis mopovebisaTvis braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos

calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba, rac savaldebu-

loa gamomZieblisaTvis. sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi monawileo-

ba ar gulisxmobs braldebulis ubralo daswrebas dakiTx-

vis, amocnobis, daTvalierebis da sxva moqmedebaTa Catare-

bisas. braldebuls ufleba aqvs SekiTxvebi dausvas dasakiTx

pirebs, gamomZieblis yuradReba miapyros iseT garemoebebze,

romlebic misi bralis uaryofis an braldebis Semamsub-

uqebeli safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes. amasTan braldebuls

ufleba aqvs moiTxovos damcvelis daswreba misi monawile-

obiT Catarebuli nebismieri sagamoZiebo moqmedebis dros.

es metad mniSvnelovani uflebaa, radgan samarTlebriv

sakiTxze damcvelis konsultacia aucilebelia sagamoZiebo

moqmedebis msvlelobisas. braldebulis aqtiurobis mocu-

lobas swored aseTi rCeva_darigebebi gansazRvravs.

kanonis Tanaxmad braldebuls droulad unda Seatyobi-

non misi an misi damcvelis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebuli

sagamoZiebo moqmedebis dro da adgili. winaaRmdeg SemTx-

vevaSi aseTi moqmedeba ar unda Catardes, xolo Catarebu-

li sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkiceb-

uleba dauSveblad unda iqnes cnobili. kanonis moTxovna,

cxadia, samarTliania, radgan sagamoZiebo moqmedeba tar-

deba ara gamomZieblis iniciativiT, aramed braldebulis an

misi damcvelis SuamdgomlobiT da maTi daswreba da

monawileoba amitomac aris savaldebulo. Tu braldebuls

sapatio mizezi gaaCnia aRniSnuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis

Catareba SeiZleba gadaidos. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu bralde-

buli dapatimrebulia aseT moqmedebebs eswreba misi dam-

cveli da ara TviTon braldebuli, rac mis uflebebis

erTgvar SezRudvad SeiZleba iyos miCneuli. rac Seexeba

damcvels, Tu damcveli sapatio mizeziT ver iRebs

monawileobas misi an braldebulis SuamdgomlobiT Catare-

bul sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi prokurori am sagamoZiebo

moqmedebas erTjeradad gadadebs gonivruli vadiT, magram

ara umetes xuTi dRisa. am vadis gasvlisTanave gamomZiebeli

atarebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebas damcvelis monawileobis

gareSe. amasTan Tu aris savaldebulo dacvis safuZveli,

sagamoZiebo moqmedeba ar SeiZleba Catardes damcvelis

monawileobis gareSe.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs damoukideblad an damcvelT-

an erTad kanoniT dadgenil farglebSi da wesiT gaecnos

248 249

braldebis mtkicebulebebs. aRniSnuli uflebis real-

izaciis gareSe warmoudgenelia braldebisagan Tavis dacva.

braldebuls unda hqondes sruli warmodgena saqmeSi ar-

sebul mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben mis mimarT

wardgenil braldebas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is ver daicavs

Tavs, ver SearCevs dacvis pozicias da ver daupirispird-

eba braldebas. aRniSnuli uflebis ganxorcielebis garan-

tias warmoadgens braldebulis kidev erTi ufleba – miiRos

mtkicebulebebisa da saqmis masalebis aslebi. kerZod,

braldebuls unda gadaeces braldebulad cnobis dadge-

nilebis asli, sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa oqmebis aslebi,

romlebic Catarda braldebulis monawileobiT, eqspertizis

daniSvnis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis asli, sisxlis samarT-

lebrivi devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Ses-

axeb dadgenilebis asli, ganaCenis asli da a.S.

Tu braldebuli Tavs aridebs sagamoZiebo organoSi

gamocxadebas braldebulad cnobis dadgenilebis asli ga-

daecema mis damcvels, rac iTvleba braldebis wayenebad.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos da miiRos mis

mimarT ukanonod Catarebuli saproceso moqmedebis Sedegad

miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos samedicino Semow-

meba uSualod dapatimrebisTanave usafuZvlo gaWianurebis

gareSe, rac imas niSnavs, rom aRniSnuli uflebis real-

izacia dauSvebelia gawelili iyos droSi. Tu braldebulis

mimarT dapatimrebis momentSi gamoyenebuli iyo fizikuri

Zaladoba, cxadia, Zaladobis niSnebi ufro mkafiod gamov-

lindeba dauyovnebliv samedicino Semowmebisas. garkveuli

drois gasvlis Semdeg ki (Tu fizikuri Zaladoba mZime

formiT ar iyo ganxorcielebuli) SesaZlebelia Zaladobis

kvali gaqres an misi niSnebi gauferuldes, amitom aris

aucilebeli samedicino Semowmeba Catardes moTxovnisTanave

droulad, gaWianurebis gareSe da braldebuls mieces Se-

sabamisi werilobiTi daskvna. amasTan braldebuls kanoni

aZlevs uflebas mimarTos alternatiul eqspertizas da

nebismier dros sakuTari xarjiT Caitaros samedicino

Semowmeba mis mier arCeuli eqspertis mier. Tumca aRniS-

nuli uflebis realizacia mainc gamomZieblis keTilsindi-

sierebazea damokidebuli, radgan Tu braldebuli dapatim-

rebulia, man unda mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT gamomZiebels,

raTa mis mier arCeuli eqsperti iyos mowveuli da mas

mieces SesaZlebloba praqtikulad Caataros samedicino

Semowmeba.

umjobesi iyo kanonSi yofiliyo miTiTebuli qmediTi

samarTlebrivi meqanizmi, rac iqneboda aRniSnuli uflebis

ganxorcielebis garantia.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs dapatimrebis Tanave Seatyobi-

nos ojaxis wevrebs an axlo naTesavebs dapatimrebis Ses-

axeb, Seatyobinos misi adgilsamyofeli, Tavisi mdgomareoba.

Setyobineba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes uSualod satelefono

saubris Sedegad, werilis gagzavniT, faqsiT, imeiliT da

kavSirgabmulobis sxva teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT.

braldebuls kanoni aZlevs uflebas ojaxis wevrebis garda

Tavisi samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb acnobos kredi-

torebs, sxva fizikur da iuridiul pirebs, romelTa mi-

marTac mas gaaCnia samarTlebrivi valdebulebebi.

Tu braldebulma ar icis an saTanadod ar icis samar-

Talwarmoebis ena, mas ufleba aqvs daicvas Tavisi kanonieri

interesebi, misces Cveneba, ganacxados Suamdgomloba da a.S.

Tavis mSobliur enaze, an im enaze, romelic man ukeTesad

icis. aseT SemTxvevaSi mas saxelmwifos xarjze gamoeyofa

Tarjimani.

250 251

braldebuls ufleba aqvs isargeblos Tarjimnis mom-

saxurebiT im SemTxvevaSic, roca mas gaaCnia fizikuri na-

kli, magaliTad, aris munji an yru, rac aZnelebs an saer-

Tod gamoricxavs masTan komunikacias. saproceso dokumen-

tebis aslebi, rac braldebuls gadaecema unda iyos Targ-

mnili mis mSobliur enaze, an im enaze, romelic man uke-

Tesad icis.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs ganacxados acileba procesis

mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis pirebis_prokuroris,

gamomZieblis, mosamarTlis mimarT, aseve procesis sxva

subieqtebis (magaliTad, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani)

mimarT. kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli acilebis safuZvlis

arsebobisas braldebulis mier gancxadebuli acileba unda

dakmayofildes da dasaxelebuli pirebi unda iyvnen

Camocilebuli saqmis warmoebas.

braldebulis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patim-

roba SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli mxolod kanonieri safuZ-

vlis arsebobisas, anu Tu arsebobs misi mimalvis, mis mier

danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis gagrZelebis, mowmeTa mimarT

zemoqmedebis, mtkicebulebaTa ganadgurebis an ganaCenis

aRsrulebisaTvis xelis SeSlis safrTxe. winaaRmdeg SemTx-

vevaSi unda iyos gamoyenebuli ufro msubuqi saxis aRkve-

Tis RonisZieba, rac ar aris dakavSirebuli Tavisuflebis

aRkveTasTan Tu SezRudvasTan.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRos misi

braldebis saqmis rogorc gamoZiebaSi, aseve sasamarTlo

ganxilvaSi. mxareTa Tanasworobisa da SejibrebiTobis prin-

cipis Tanaxmad, braldebuls sasamarTloSi ufleba aqvs

misces Cveneba, ganacxados acileba, waradginos mtkiceb-

ulebebi, monawileoba miiRos mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaSi,

moiTxovos dacvis mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva imave pi-

robebSi rogorSic braldebis mtkicebulebis gamokvleva

xdeba, aRZras Suamdgomloba, gamoTqvas Tavisi azri sasa-

marTlo sxdomaze wamoWril sakiTxebze, gamovides sasa-

marTlo kamaTSi, (Tu saqmeSi ar monawileobs damcveli),

gamovides saboloo sityviT, icnobdes mxaris Setanil sa-

Civars da mis Sesaxeb gamoTqvas mosazreba, gaecnos sasa-

marTlo sxdomis oqms da gamoTqvas masze SeniSvna.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros gamomZieblisa da

prokuroris moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba. kerZod, gamomZie-

blis moqmedeba saCivrdeba prokurorTan, romelic gamoZie-

baze saproceso xelmZRvanelobas axorcielebs, xolo

prokuroris moqmedeba da gadawyvetileba ki zemdgom proku-

rorTan, an kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi _ sasamarT-

loSi. braldebuls aseve ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros ganaCeni

da sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba saapelacio da sakasa-

cio wesiT da miiRos gasaCivrebeli gadawyvetilebis

asli.

sssk 76-e muxlSi CamoTvlili braldebulis uflebebi

ar aris amomwuravi. kanoniT mas aqvs miniWebuli sxva

uflebebic. ufro srulad es uflebebi gamoikveTeba sssk

im normebis analizisas romlebic aregulireben sisxlis

samarTlis procesis calkeul stadiebsa da institutebs.

magaliTad, braldebuls winaswari gamoZiebis etapze ufle-

ba aqvs uari ganacxados saqmis Sewyvetaze aramareabili-

tirebeli safuZvlebiT; ufleba aqvs moiTxovos braldebis

wardgenis Semdeg dauyovnebliv daikiTxos; ufleba aqvs

sakuTari xeliT daweros Cveneba. braldebuls farTo

uflebebi gaaCnia eqspertizis daniSvnasTan da CatarebasTan

dakavSirebiT. kerZod, braldebuls ufleba aqvs gaecnos

dadgenilebas eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, moiTxovos

eqspertizis Catareba mis mier dasaxelebul pirTagan,

252 253

eqpertis winaSe dasvas damatebiTi kiTxvebi, gaecnos eqsper-

tis daskvnas da a.S. amasTan braldebulis mier Tavisi

uflebebis gamouyenebloba ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi

braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.

adamianis ZiriTad uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis

Sesaxeb 1950 wlis 4 noembris konvenciis me-6 muxli kan-

onSi CamoTvlili braldebulis uflebebis garda adgens

mis sxva uflebebs samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis

farglebSi, rac unda iyos daculi saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTalwarmoebaSi Sida kanonmdeblobasTan saerTaSoriso

samarTlis normebis prioritetis principis gaTval-

iswinebiT. kerZod, aRniSnuli konvenciis Tanaxmad, bral-

debuls aqvs ufleba misi saqme iyos ganxiluli damoukide-

beli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier gonivrul va-

daSi.

saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri ufle-

bebis Sesaxeb (1966w. 16 dekemberi) aseve adgens, rom

yovel adamians ufleba aqvs ,,sruli Tanasworobis safuZ-

velze... iyos gasamarTlebuli gaumarTlebeli dayovnebis

gareSe~ (m. 14, p. 4)

1988 wlis 9dekembers gaeros generaluri asambleis

mier miRebuli saerTaSoriso principebis krebuli yvela

im pirTa dacvisaTvis, romlebic eqvemdebarebian dakavebas…

an dapatimrebas miuTiTebs sasamarTloSi gonivrul vadaSi

saqmis ganxilvis aucileblobaze. procesis xangrZlivi,

gaumarTlebeli gaWianureba marTlmsajulebaze uaris Tqmis

tolfasia.

marTlmsajuleba unda iyos swrafi, qmediTi. dayovneba

ki aris marTlmsajulebaze uaris Tqmis saxe. gonivrul

vadad iTvleba vada logikuri, mizanSewonili. logikuri

da mizanSewonilia drois iseTi Sualedi, romelic mtkice-

bulebaTa gamokvlevas sWirdeba. mTel rig qveynebSi es vada

mkacrad aris SezRuduli kanoniT.

saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebiT (evropuli kon-

vencia) braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos mis winaaRmdeg

Cvenebis mimcemi mowmeebis dakiTxva da es mowmeebi unda

iyvnen dakiTxulni misi TandaswrebiT. es ufleba igive

dapirispirebis moTxovnis uflebaa, rac mWidrod aris

dakavSirebuli mtkicebulebaTa uSualo gamokvlevis prin-

cipTan. nebismier mxares, maT Soris dacvis mxares unda

SeeZlos daados ,,veto~ sasamarTloSi gamoucxadebeli

mowmis an dazaralebulis Cvenebis oqmis gamocxadebas,

romlebic amis Sedegad faqtiurad dauSvebel mtkicebule-

bebad iqcevian. amis Sedegad aucilebeli gaxdeba dasaxele-

buli pirebis mier zepiri Cvenebis micema uSualod sasa-

marTlo sxdomaze jvaredini dakiTxvis pirobebSi.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos dacvis mowmeebis

gamoZaxeba iseTive pirobebSi, rogori pirobebic arsebobs

im mowmeebisaTvis, romlebic Cvenebas iZlevian mis winaaRm-

deg.

cxadia, braldebuls uflebebTan erTad gaaCnia mova-

leobebic. kerZod, sssk77-e muxlis Tanaxmad braldebuli

movalea gamocxaddes gamoZaxebisTanave gamomZiebelTan,

prokurorTan, sasamarTloSi, xeli ar SeuSalos WeSmar-

itebis dadgenas mtkicebulebaTa mospobiT, falsifikaciiT,

mowmeTa da dazaralebulTa SegulianebiT, daicvas aRkveTis

RonisZiebiT misTvis dadgenili moTxovnebi, ar SeewinaRm-

degos Semowmebis, eqspertizis, saeqsperto gamokvlevisaT-

vis nimuSebis aRebis, piradi Cxrekis da sxva saproceso

moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb gamotanil kanonier dadge-

nilebaTa Sesrulebas. sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar daarRvios

wesrigi. am movaleobaTa Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi

254 255

braldebulis mimarT SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos sapro-

ceso iZulebis Sesabamisi RonisZieba.

ufleba _ movaleobaTa moculoba cxadyofs, rom bral-

debuli warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis procesis aqtiur

monawiles. misi mniSvneloba procesSi amiT ar amoiwureba.

mis mier micemuli Cveneba warmoadgens mtkicebulebis wy-

aros. braldebuli procesis is subieqtia, romlis irgvliv

mimdinareobs samarTalwarmoeba, anu is warmoadgens samar-

Talwarmoebis epicentrs.

$7. damcvelis samarTlebrivi statusi $7. damcvelis samarTlebrivi statusi

da ufleba-movaleobebida ufleba-movaleobebi

damcveli sisxlis samarTlis procesis subieqtia,

romelic axorcielebs sisxlis samarTlis procesis erT-

erT ZiriTad mimarTulebas _ dacvis funqcias. igi kanoniT

dadgenili wesiT monawileobs saqmeSi braldebulis ufle-

bebisa da kanonieri interesebis dasacavad da misTvis iu-

ridiuli daxmarebis aRmosaCenad.

kanoniT ganmtkicebulia advokatTa monopolia damcvelis

saxiT miiRon monawileoba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis war-

moebaSi.

advokatTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxlis

Tanaxmad advokati SeiZleba iyos fizikuri piri, romelsac

aqvs umaRlesi iuriduli ganaTleba, gavlili aqvs advoka-

tTa testireba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, dadebuli aqvs

advokatis fici, aqvs iuristad an advokatis staJiorad

moSaobis aranakleb erTi wlis Sromis staJi.

damcveli saqmeSi daiSveba eWvmitanilis dakavebis an

braldebulad cnobis momentidan. sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi monawileobisaTvis dasaSvebad damcvelma unda war-

adginos advokatTa asociaciis, firmis, biuros orderi da

saadvokato saqmianobis damadasturebeli mowmoba.

dacva es aris sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis sawinaaRm-

dego funqcia. SejibrebiTobis principis realizacia moiTx-

ovs damcvelis monawileobas sisxlis samarTlis procesSi.

braldebisa da dacvis mosazrebebisa da daskvnebis urT-

ierTdapirispireba iZleva SesaZleblobas Tavi avaridoT

sabraldebo gadaxras saqmis warmoebisas da xels uwyobs

saqmis sworad gadawyvetas.

kanoni iTvaliswinebs dacvis Semdeg saxeebs: dacva SeT-

nxmebiT, dacva daniSvniT da iZulebiTi dacva.

dacva SeTanxmebiT gulisxmobs braldebulis an misi

TanxmobiT misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis mier damcvelis

mowvevas. damcvelis SerCevis ufleba braldebulis Seucv-

leli uflebaa. kanonis Tanaxmad gamomZiebels, prokurors

da mosamarTles ufleba ara aqvT rekomendacia gauwion

konkretul damcvels. braldebuli da damcveli TavianT

urTierTobebs awesrigeben SeTanxmebis safuZvelze. SeTanx-

mebis pirobebic, cxadia, ganisazRvreba mxareTa mier. SeT-

anxmebis xelmoweris Semdeg dacva miRebulad iTvleba da

damcvels ufleba ara aqvs uari Tqvas masze arasapatio

mizeziT.

dacva daniSvniT gulisxmobs damcvelis momsaxurebis

uzrunvelyofas saxelmwifos xarjze. braldebuli unda

iyos uzrunvelyofili damcveliT yvela SemTxvevaSi, roca

is ganacxadebs amis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobas. damcvelis

daniSvnaze uaris Tqma ganixileba rogorc saproceso kanonis

arsebiTi darRveva. saxelmwifos xarjze dacva xorcield-

eba or SemTxvevaSi: a) braldebuli gadaxdis uunarobis

motiviT moiTxovs damcvelis daniSvnas; b) arsebobs kanoniT

256 257

gaTvaliswinebuli savaldebulo dacvis SemTxveva da ar

monawileobs damcveli SeTanxmebiT.

gadaxdisuunarobis motiviT TviT braldebuli an misi

SuamdgomlobiT prokurori da mosamarTle mimarTaven iu-

ridiuli daxmarebis Sesabamis samsaxurs saxelmwifos

xarjze damcvelis daniSvnis Sesaxeb moTxovniT. gadaxdis

uunarobis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo amasTan erTad gaiRebs

dacvisaTvis saWiro sxva xarjebsac, Tu es xarjebi pirda-

pir kavSirSia braldebulis mier sakuTari dacvis ganxor-

cielebasTan. magaliTad, xarjebi, romlebic saWiroa samedi-

cino Semowmebisa da eqspertizisaTvis. saxelmwifos xarjze

damcvelis SerCevisa da daniSvnis procedura unda ganisaz-

Rvros saqarTvelos kanoniT ,,iuridiuli daxmarebis Ses-

axeb.~

rac Seexeba savaldebulo dacvas, kanonSi pirdapir aris

CamoTvlili is SemTxvevebi, roca miuxedavad braldebulis

survilisa damcveli aucileblad unda monawileobdes

saqmeSi. kerZod, sssk 81-e muxlis Tanaxmad, savaldebuloa

braldebuls, an pirs, romelsac eniSneba samedicino xasi-

aTis iZulebiTi RonisZieba hyavdes damcveli: Tu igi aras-

rulwlovania; ar icis procesis ena; aqvs fizikuri an

fsiqikuri nakli, rac xels uSlis mis mier dacvis ganx-

orcilebas; ganixileba sakiTxi piris mimarT stacionaruli

sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb

Cadenili qmedebisaTvis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaT-

valiswinebulia pasuxismgebloba uvado Tavisuflebis

aRkveTis saxiT; masTan mimdinareobs molaparakeba sapro-

ceso SeTanxmebis dadebis Taobaze; braldebuli Tavs aridebs

sagamoZiebo organoSi gamocxadebas (am SemTxvevaSi mas an

mis axlo naTesavs eZleva SesaZlebloba 48 saaTSi daniSnos

damcveli. Tu igi am vadSi ar daniSnavs damcvels, pirs

damcveli daeniSneba savaldebulo wesiT); Tu procesis

monawilis mimarT gamoyenebulia dacvis specialuri

RonisZieba (garda fizikuri dacvis specialuri RonisZie-

bisa) Tu eWvmitanilTa, braldebulTa an gansasjelTa in-

teresebs Soris aris winaaRmdegoba da Tundac erT maTgans

yavs damcveli; dazaralebulis an samoqalaqo mosarCelis

interesebs icavs misi warmomadgeneli.

kanoni adgens ra damcvelis savaldebulo monawileobis

SemTxvevebs uzrunvelyofs dacvis uflebas damatebiTi

garantiebiT im pirebisaTvis, romlebsac yvelaze metad es

sWirdebaT. garda amisa, damcvelis savaldebulo monawileo-

ba gaTvaliswinebulia sasamarTlo sxdomaze braldebisa da

dacvis gawonasworebis mizniT. Tu kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul

SemTxvevebSi saqmeze warmoeba ganxorcielda damcvelis

monawileobis gareSe – es faqti ganixileba rogorc sisx-

lis samarTlis saproceso kanonis arsebiTi darRveva.

eWvmitanils da braldebuls eZlevaT dro damcvelis

mosawvevad. kerZod eWvmitanils SeuZlia dakavebidan 6

saaTis vadaSi moiwvios damcveli. Tu igi am vadaSi ver

gamocxaddeba gamomZiebeli valdebulia SesTavazos eWvmi-

tanils damcvelis daniSvna. eWvmitanils an braldebuls

ufleba aqvT uari ganacxadon damcvelis daniSvnaze da maT

mier arCeuli damcvelis gamocxadebamde dacva damoukide-

blad ganaxorcielon. xolo Tu savaldebulo dacvis

SemTxvevaa gamomZiebeli valdebulia 6 saaTiani vadis gas-

vlis Semdeg dauniSnos maT damcveli. gamomZieblis, proku-

roris, sasamarTlos moTxovna damcvelis daniSvniT

gamoyofis Sesaxeb savaldebuloa advokatTa gaerTianebi-

saTvis. kanonis Tanaxmad damcveli valdebulia gamocxaddes

eWvmitanilis, braldebulis pirvel dakiTxvaze. arasapatio

mizeziT damcvelis gamoucxadeblbis SemTxvevaSi materi-

258 259

aluri pasuxismgebloba daekisreba konkretul advokats an

advokatTa gaerTianebas.

damcvelTa raodenoba kanoniT SezRuduli ar aris. (adre

moqmed kodeqsSi iyo aseTi SezRudva _ braldebuls SeiZle-

boda yoloda araumetes sami damcvelisa).

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulia damcvelis Secvla samar-

Talwarmoebis nebismier etapze, Tu Secvla miznad ar

isaxavs saqmis warmoebis gaWianurebas.

rac Seexeba damcvelis gamoucxadeblobas, Tu igi sapa-

tio mizeziT monawileobas ver iRebs daniSnul sagamoZie-

bo moqmedebaSi, procesis mwarmoebeli organo valdebulia

sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba gadados gonivruli vadiT,

magram ara umetes 5 dRisa. am vadis gasvlisTanave gamomZie-

beli, prokurori atarebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebas damcvelis

monawileobis gareSe Tu ar arsebobs kanoniT dadgenili

savaldebulo dacvis safuZveli. Tu gadaudebeli saga-

moZiebo moqmedeba tardeba damcvelis gamoucxadebloba ar

iwvevs misi Catarebis gadadebas.

kanoniT dauSvebelia sasamarTlo ganxilvis gadadeba

damcvelis mier dacvis movaleobis ganxorcielebis xangr-

Zlivi vadiT SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, Tu es iwvevs sasa-

marTlo ganxilvis aragonivrul gaWianurebasa da misTvis

xelis SeSlas. aseve damcvelis Secvlis motiviT sasa-

marTlo ganxilvis gadadeba dauSvebelia Tu igi miznad

isaxavs sasamarTlo ganxilvis gaWianurebasa da misTvis

xelis SeSlas.1

braldebuls ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas damcvelis dax-

1 migvaCnia, rom kanonis es moTxovna ar aris marTebuli, radgan Tu bralde-

buli erTjeradad Suamdgomlobs damcvelis Secvlis da Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo

ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb, ar SeiZleba sasamarTlo ganxilvis gaWianurebis da

misTvis xelis SeSlis motiviT uari eTqvas mas sasamarTlo ganxilvis gadadeba-

ze. gaWianurebad unda CaiTvalos msgavsi Suamdgomlobis araerTgzis dayeneba.

marebaze. amasTan unda ganvasxvavoT uari konkretuli dam-

cvelis daxmarebaze da uari saerTod damcvelis daxmare-

baze. pirvel SemTxvevaSi uari konkretuli damcvelis

daxmarebaze gamoiwvevs damcvelis Secvlas, saerTod uari

damcvelze ki iwvevs dacvis uflebis damoukideblad, TviT

braldebulis mier ganxorcilebas.

uari damcvelis daxmarebaze daiSveba mxolod bralde-

bulis iniciativiT rogorc zepiri, aseve werilobiTi

formiT. uari fiqsirdeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masa-

lebSi. kerZod, saTanado sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmSi an

calke gancxadebaSi.

roca sasamarTloSi keTdeba aseTi gancxadeba, sasamarT-

lom unda moisminos sasamarTlo ganxilvis sxva monawile-

Ta mosazreba. saproceso kanonis darRvevad iTvleba, Tuki

am sakiTxis ganxilva ar moxdeba sasamarTlo sxdomaze.

damcvelze uari nebayoflobiT unda iyos. kanonis dar-

Rvevad iTvleba zewoliT, iZulebiT gancxadebuli uari

damcvelze. amasTan braldebuli movalea ganmartos dam-

cvelze uaris Tqmis mizezebi.

damcvelze uaris Tqmis motivi SeiZleba iyos zogadad

dacvis institutisadmi undobloba, survili TviTon da-

icvas sakuTari Tavi, damcvelis momsaxurebisTvis saWiro

Tanxis ar qona da a.S. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi bralde-

buls procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis pirebma

unda ganumarton mas saxelmwifos xarjze damcvelis daniSv-

nis ufleba.

kanoni calke iTvaliswinebs damcvelis acilebis sakiTxs.

kerZod, sssk 107-e muxlis Tanaxmad damcveli monawileobas

ver miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Tu igi imave

saqmeSi monawileobda rogorc mosamarTle, prokurori,

gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani, mowme, eqsperti

260 261

an Tarjimani; an Tu igi iuridiul daxmarebas uwevs an

uwevda im pirs, romlis interesebsac ewinaaRmdegeba mis

mier dasacavi braldebulis interesebi. mas naTesauri kav-

Siri aqvs mosamarTlesTan, prokurorTan, gamomZiebelTan,

an sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivanTan; mas ukavia mosamarTlis,

prokuroris an gamomZieblis Tanamdeboba, garda im SemTx-

vevisa roca igi Sromisuunaro piris kanoneri warmomad-

genelia, anda roca dawesebuleba, romelSic igi muSaobs

cnobilia samoqalaqo mosarCeled an samoqalaqo mopasuxed

da is am dawesebulebis warmomadgenlad gamodis; dasacavi

piri uars ambobs dacvaze da uari miRebulia.

damcvelis mizani sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mdgo-

mareobs SemdegSi: 1) gamoavlinos braldebulis gamamarTle-

beli an misi pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoe-

bebi: 2) aRmouCinos mas aucilebeli iuridiuli daxmareba

da miaRwios misTvis ufro sasurveli saproceso gadaw-

yvetilebis miRebas mocemul saqmeze. am miznis realizaci-

isaTvis damcvelis amocanas wrmoadgens: Tavis dasacavTan

erTad dacvis poziciis an dacvis gegmis SemuSaveba, dacvis

saSualebebisa da xerxebis gansazRvra. amasTan kanonis Ta-

naxmad im garmoebaTa gamosavlenad, romlebic amarTleben

braldebuls anda amsubuqeben mis pasuxismgeblobas dam-

cvelma unda gamoiyenos dacvis yvela kanonieri saSualeba

da xerxi.

marTalia, damcveli procesis damoukidebeli subieqtia,

magram igi dakavSirebulia braldebulTan, warmoadgens mis

saproceso interesebs, amitom mis saproceso damoukide-

blobas aqvs gansazRvruli sazRvrebi: damcveli Tavisufalia

kanonis farglebSi _ dacvis ganxorcielebis formebisa da

meTodebis SerCevaSi, samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis Sefasebasa

da gadawyvetaSi. damcvels ufleba ara aqvs imoqmedos bral-

debulis miTiTebebisa da interesebis sawinaaRmdegod. misi

pozicia SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes dasacavis poziciisagan,

Tu mis mier SerCeuli dacvis mimarTuleba braldebulis

mdgomareobas gaaumjobesebs. magram damcvels ufleba ar

aqvs mciredi xarisxiTac ki gaauaresos dasacavis mdgo-

mareoba. sxvagvarad dacvis ufleba dakargavda azrs.

damcvelis saqmianoba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi aris

calmxrivi. mas ar evaleba saqmis garemoebebis yovelmxrivi,

srulyofili, obieqturi gamokvleva. misi movaleobaa bral-

debulis kanonieri interesebis dacva. damcveli sisxlis

samarTlis procesSi asrulebs sisxlis samarTlebrivi

devnis sawinaaRmdego funqcias. misi saqmianobis ZiriTadi

mimarTuleba braldebis uaryofaa. braldebulis mier bra-

lis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi damcvels ufleba ara aqvs

gamovides sawinaaRmdeo poziciidan. sxvagvarad braldebuli

darCeba dacvis gareSe.

damcveli umravles SemTxvevaSi moqmedebs ara bralde-

bulis magivrad, aramed masTan erTad. is damoukideblad

arCevs saproceso saSualebebs da dacvis ganxorcielebis

taqtikas. amasTan braldebulis nebazea damokidebuli ara

mxolod damcvelis SerCeva da misi monawileoba, aramed am

ukanasknelis mier SerCeuli dacvis saSualebebis realiza-

ciac.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi damcvelis saqmianobis

Tavisebureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mas SeuZlia dasacav-

isgan miiRos iseTi informacia, romelsac is arcerT SemTx-

vevaSi aravis ar etyoda. damcveli movalea Seinaxos saad-

vokato saidumloeba. braldebulis urTierToba mis dam-

cvelTan konfidencialuri da Tavisufalia. konfidencial-

uria aseve piris braldebulad cnobamde misi urTierToba

SesaZlo damcvelTan. amasTan konfidencialurobaze ar vr-

262 263

celdeba xandazmuloba.

xelZmRvanelobs ra kanoniT da profesiuli eTikis

normebiT, damcveli yovelTvis movalea imoqmedos dasa-

cavis interesebSi, romelic misTvis unda iyos yvela in-

teresebze maRla. ,,ar avno~ – es aris damcvelis saqmiano-

bis ZiriTadi eTikuri sawyisi.

damcvelis samarTlebriv poziciasTan dakavSirebiT

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi ar SeiZleba gamomZiebelma,

prokurorma an sasamarTlom Sesabamisad gamoitanon

wardgineba an ganCineba.

gaeros me-8 konferenciaze 1990 wlis agvistoSi miRe-

bul ,,advokatTa rolis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi debulebebis~ me-6

paragrafSi aRniSnulia, rom advokati ar SeiZleba identi-

ficirebuli iyos mis klientTan da mis saqmesTan.

kanonSi (sssk 84-e muxli) konkretulad aris CamoTv-

lili damcvelis ufleba – movaleobani.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze daSvebis momentidan damcv-

els ufleba aqvs braldebuls Sexvdes pirispir marto da

raime meTvalyureobis gareSe, agreTve Tavisuflebis Sez-

Rudvis an Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilis administracii-

sa da gamoZiebis organos mxriv Sexvedris raodenobisa da

xangrZlivobis SeuzRudavad, garda sssk 73-e, muxlis I

nawilis `d~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevisa.

damcvels ufleba aqvs daeswos braldebis wayenebas.

daswreba ar gulisxmobs pasiur mdgomareobaSi yofnas.

damcvels ufleba aqvs gaecnos braldebulad cnobis Ses-

axeb dadgenilebas, gadaiRos misi asli, ganumartos dasacavs

braldebis arsi, masTan erTad ganixilos samarTlebrivi

pozicia, romelic unda daikavos braldebulma wardgenili

braldebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

damcvels ufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRos braldebulis

yvela dakiTxvaSi. sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebebSi damcveli

monawileobs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca is an misi dasa-

cavi ganacxadeben Suamdgomlobas amis Sesaxeb. damcvels,

romelic monawileobs sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi ufleba aqvs

Tavis dasacavs gamomZieblis TandaswrebiT misces mcire

konsultacia, gamomZieblis nebarTviT dausvas SekiTxvebi

dasakiTx pirs, gaakeTos werilobiTi SeniSvnebi sagamoZie-

bo moqmedebis oqmSi Canaweris sisworesa da sisruleze.

gamomZiebels ufleba aqvs ganaridos damcvelis SekiTxvebi,

magram movalea ganridebuli (moxsnili) SekiTxvebi Seita-

nos oqmSi.

garda amisa, sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi monawileobisas

damcvels ufleba aqvs: daTvalierebis, Cxrekis da amoRe-

bis Catarebisas moiTxovos yvela aRmoCenili da amoRebuli

sagnis, dokumentis, nivTis wardgena; gaecnos eqspertizis

daniSvnis Sesaxeb dadgenilebas da iSuamdgomlos masSi

damatebiTi SekiTxvebis Setana, ganacxados acileba eqsper-

tis mimarT an iSuamdgomlos eqspertizis Catareba sxva

saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi da a.S.

damcvels ufleba aqvs gaecnos dakavebis oqms, bralde-

bulad cnobis dadgenilebas, dadgenilebas aRkveTis

RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa

oqmebs, romlebic Catarda eWvmitanilisa da braldebulis

monawileobiT, yvela im dokuments, romelic braldebuls

warudgines an unda warudginon. winaswari gamoZiebis

damTavrebis Semdeg ufleba aqvs sakuTari xarjiT gadaiRos

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mTeli masalis asli, sasamarT-

loSi ki gaecnos saqmis masalebs srulad. amasTan, damcve-

lis mier winaswari gamoZiebis damTavrebis Semdeg saqmis

masalebis srulad gacnobis da winaswari gamoZiebis Sevse-

bis mizniT Suamdgomlobis aRZvris akrZalva dacvis ufleb-

264 265

is SezRudvas warmoadgens.

damcvels ufleba aqvs moipovos da waradginos mtkice-

bulebebi. mtkicebulebaTa mopoveba ZiriTadad xorcield-

eba, im sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Sedegad, romlebic misi

Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze iqna Catarebuli. sssk 129-e

muxlis Tanaxmad, damcvels ufleba aqvs Seagrovos bral-

debulis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvisaTvis

saWiro cnobebi; gamoiTxovos cnoba, daxasiaTeba da sxva

dokumenti saxelmwifo an kerZo dawesebulebidan, moiZios

piri, da misgan miiRos ganmarteba, SemdegSi ki moiTxovos

misi dakiTxva dacvis mowmis saxiT, mimarTos specialists

specialur sakiTxebze konsultaciis gasawevad raTa man

gamoTqvas Tavisi azri saqmis gamo wamoWrili specialuri

sakiTxis gansamartavad, Catarebuli eqspertizis Sesafase-

blad da Suamdgomlobis dasasabuTeblad, moiwvios eqsper-

ti werilobiTi daskvnis Sesadgenad; isargeblos kerZo

deteqtivis momsaxurebiT mtkicebulebis mniSvnelobis mqone

cnobebis misaRebad. literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba,

rom damcvelis mier mopovebuli masalebi, Sekrebili

cnobebi, maSinaTve unda warmoadgendnen mtkicebulebebs,

iseve rogorc is cnobebi, romlebic mopovebulia mowi-

naaRmdege mxaris _ gamomZieblis, prokuroris mier. kanonis

Tanaxmad ki damcvelis mier Sekrebili faqtobrivi monace-

mebi unda daerTos saqmes da amis Semdeg iTvleba mtkice-

bulebad. cxadia, adgili aqvs mxareTa Tanasworobis prin-

cipis darRvevis erTgvar gamovlinebas.

damcvels ufleba aqvs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ganacx-

ados acileba saTanado safuZvlebis arsebobisas. ufleba

aqvs aRZras Suamdgomloba. amasTan erTad, unda iTqvas, rom

kanonis darRvevas ar warmoadgens, roca damcveli gadadebs

Suamdgomlobis aRZvras saqmis warmoebis Semdgomi etapisaT-

vis dacvis taqtikuri mosazrebidan gamomdinare. mas amis

sruli ufleba aqvs. Suamdgomloba SeiZleba exebodes mt-

kicebulebaTa gamoTxovas, sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebas,

sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis da winaswari gamoZiebis

Sewyvetas da a.S. cxadia, damcvelis Suamdgomloba unda

iyos dasabuTebuli, argumentirebuli, utyuar mtkicebule-

bebze damyarebuli. saeWvo da bundovani mosazrebebi, aral-

ogikuri, iuridiulad dausabuTebeli daskvnebi, cxadia,

gamoiwvevs Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze uaris miRe-

bas.

damcvels ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros gamomZieblisa da

prokuroris ukanono moqmedeba da maT mier miRebuli

ukanono gadawyvetileba.

sasamarTloSi damcveli sargeblobs mxaris uflebiT.

mas ufleba aqvs gaecnos saqmis masalebs, monawileoba mi-

iRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaSi,

gamoTqvas Tavisi Sexeduleba yvela im sakiTxze, rac wam-

oiWreba sasamarTlo sxdomis msvlelobisas.

damcvelma Sefaseba unda misces saqmeSi arebul mtkice-

bulebebs, gaakeTos gancxadebebi mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxebo-

bis, dasaSvebobis, sarwmunoobis da sakmarisobis Taobaze.

gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba braldebis Sesaxeb da miuTiTos

faqtebze, romlebic amtkiceben gansasjelis arabraleu-

lobas, aqarwyleben wardgenil braldebas. damcveli unda

gamodiodes udanaSaulobis prezumfciis principidan da

yvelaferi unda gaakeTos sisxlis samrTlis procesSi misi

relizaciisaTvis.

damcvels ufleba aqvs gamovides sasamarTlo kamaTSi

da warmoTqvas dacviTi sityva. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-

nia damcvelis mtkicebulebaTa iuridiuli analiziTa da

sinTeziT gajerebuli, mWevrmetyvelebiTa da logikuri

266 267

wyobiT gamorCeuli, dasabuTebuli da argumentirebuli

gamosvla. mas ufleba aqvs aseve Seitanos saapelacio da

sakasacio saCivari msjavrdebulis TanxmobiT, garda im

SemTxvevisa, roca msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovania, an aqvs

fizikuri an fsiqikuri nakli.

damcvels ufleba ara aqvs gaaxmauros winaswari gamoZie-

bis monacemebi, risTvisac mas werilobiT CamoerTmeva xe-

lwerili. damcveli ar SeiZleba daikiTxos mowmis saxiT

im garemoebebze, rac misTvis cnobili gaxda dacvis fun-

qciis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT.

uflebebTan erTad kanoniT damcvels dakisrebuli aqvs

garkveuli movaleobebi. damcveli movalea gamoiyenos dacvis

yvela kanonieri saSualeba da xerxi im garemoebebis gamosav-

lenad, romlebic amarTleben braldebuls an amsubuqeben

mis pasuxismgeblobas; damcvels ufleba ara aqvs uari Tq-

vas ukve miRebul dacvaze, ekavos dasacavis sawinaaRmdego

pozicia (garda TviTgaTqmis SemTxvevisa), dasacavis Tanx-

mobis gareSe gaaxmauros cnobebi, rac misTvis cnobili

gaxda iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT, mov-

alea daicvas saadvokato saidumloeba. damcveli movalea

Tavisi moqmedebiT ar gaauaresos braldebulis mdgomareo-

ba; movalea droulad gamocxaddes sagamoZiebo da sxva

saproceso moqmedebaSi monawileobis misaRebad, daemorCi-

los gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis kanonier

gankargulebas, daicvas wesrigi sasamarTlo sxdomis dar-

bazSi. damcveli movalea ar gamoiyenos dacvis ukanono da

zneobrivad gaumarTlebeli meTodebi da xerxebi, radgan

profesiuli dacva gulisxmobs procesualurad dasaSvebi

da zneobrivad gamarTlebuli saSualebebis gamoyenebas.

$8. samoqalaqo mosarCele da misi $8. samoqalaqo mosarCele da misi

warmomadgeneliwarmomadgeneli

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-

blobis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas

SesaZlebelia samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgena.

samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenisaTvis aucilebelia

garkveuli winapirobebis arseboba. kerZod, unda hqondes

adgili danaSaulis faqts; piris mimarT miyenebuli ziani

unda warmoadgendes Cadenili danaSaulis uSualo Sedegs.

samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenis ufleba aqvs fizikur

da iuridiul pirs, aseve prokurors.

fizikur pirs warmoadgens dazaralebuli, romelsac

danaSaulis an im piris marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sed-

egad, romlis mimarTac warmoebs saqme samedicino xasiaTis

iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamosayeneblad, uSualod miadga

ziani, xolo Tu igi gardaicvala samoqalaqo sarCelis

wardgenis ufleba gadadis gardacvlilis memkvidreebze.

fizikur pirs SeiZleba miadges qonebrivi, fizikuri

da moraluri ziani. qonebrivi zianis anazRaureba moxde-

ba sruli moculobiT, kerZod, anazRaurebas eqvemdebareba

rogorc pirdapiri uSualo ziani, aseve anacdeni sargebeli

saSualo-sabazro fasebiT indeqsaciis gaTvaliswinebiT,

fizikuri zianis anazRaureba moicavs mkurnalobis, pro-

Tezirebis, medikamentebis SeZenaze gaweuli xarjebis

anazRaurebas, gadaxdili sadazRvevo Tanxebis, daxmarebis

da pensiis kompensaciis anazRaurebas, dakrZalvaze gad-

axdili Tanxebis anazRaurebas. saqarTvelos sssk 30-e

muxlis me-5 nawilis Tanaxmad, moraluri ziani moicavs

dasaxiCrebis, damaxinjebis, biologiuri da fsiqologiuri

funqciebis moSlisa da daqveiTebisaTvis, agreTve sxva

268 269

saxis zianis gamo miyenebul gancdebs, moralur travmas,

rac anazRaurebas eqvemdebareba rogorc fuladi, aseve

sxva saxis qonebrivi gamoxatulebiT (magaliTad, sacx-

ovrebeli binis, agarakis, avtomanqanis sakuTrebaSi gad-

acema da a.S.).

danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli moraluri zianisaTvis

fuladi kompensaciis odenoba ganisazRvreba sasamarTlos

mier zianis simZimisa da braldebulis qonebrivi mdgo-

mareobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

kanonis Tanaxmad, fizikurma pirma samoqalaqo sarCeli

SeiZleba ganacxados rogorc werilobiT, aseve zepiri

formiTac, rac werilobiT unda iyos dafiqsirebuli, ker-

Zod, saTanado oqmSi unda moxdes misi Setana.

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenis

ufleba aqvs iuridiul pirsac, xolo misi reorganizaci-

is an likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi iuridiuli piris an orga-

nizaciis uflebamonacvles. iuridiul pirs ufleba aqvs

moiTxovos mxolod qonebrivi da moraluri zianis anaz-

Raureba. fizikuri pirisagan gansxvavebiT iuridiuli piri

valdebulia samoqalaqo sarCeli werilobiT waradginos.

rac Seexeba prokurors, igi valdebulia waradginos

samoqalaqo sarCeli im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac danaSaulis an

piris marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sedegad, romlis mi-

marTac warmoebs sisxlis samarTlis saqme, ziani miadga

saxelmwifos. amasTan erTad, kanoni prokurors aniWebs

diskreciul uflebamosilebas waradginos samoqalaqo sar-

Celi dazaralebulis TxovniT, Tu dazaralebuli moklebu-

lia SesaZleblobas hyavdes advokat-warmomadgeneli da

daicvas Tavisi interesebi braldebulze damokidebulebis,

avadmyofobis, arasrulwlovanebis Tu sxva mizezebiT

(magaliTad, SezRuduli qmeduunarobis, umweo mdgomareobis

da sxv. gamo).

prokurori valdebulia mxari dauWiros samoqalaqo

sarCels sasamarTloSi Tu man waradgina aRniSnuli sarCeli,

magram Tu sarCeli wardgenilia sxva uflebamosili sub-

ieqtis mier, prokurors ufleba aqvs mxari dauWiros

samoqalaqo sarCels an gamoTqvas misi sawinaaRmdego mosaz-

reba.

amasTan erTad, prokurorma SeiZleba sarCeli waradgi-

nos ara mxolod samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT,

aramed administraciuli samarTalwarmoebis wesiTac Tana-

mdebobis piris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis

gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli sarCelis wardgena,

cxadia, dakavSirebulia sisxlis samarTlis procesTan.

saqarTvelos sssk 37-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sarCelis

aRZvris safuZvels warmoadgens prokuroris safuZvliani

eWvi, rom braldebuli Tanamdebobis piris mflobelobaSi

arsebuli qoneba SesaZlebelia iyos mopovebuli samoxeleo

an samewarmeo an sxva organizaciaSi samsaxuris interese-

bis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis, ukanono Semosavlis

legalizaciis, gamoZalvis, miTvisebisa an gaflangvis, gad-

asaxadisagan Tavis aridebis an sabaJo wesebis darRvevis

Sedegad. kanoni amomwuravad CamoTvlis im danaSaulebs,

romelTa Cadenis SemTxvevaSi prokurori aris uflebam-

osili braldebuli Tanamdebobis piris qonebis CamorTme-

vasa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT

Seitanos sarCeli. braldebuli Tanamdebobis piri ki Sei-

Zleba iyos `sajaro samsaxurSi interesTa SeuTavseblo-

bisa da korufciis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 mux-

liT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanamdebobis piri, sajaro moxele,

sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris xelmZRvaneli an misi

moadgile an sawarmoSi, romelSic saxelmwifo flobs wils

270 271

(aqciaTa) 50%-s an 50%-ze mets, xelmZRvanelobiTi anda

warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebis mqone piri. aRsaniS-

navia, rom prokuroris sarCeli SeiZleba exebodes rogorc

braldebuli Tanamdebobis piris mflobelobaSi arsebuli

ukanono an dausabuTebeli qonebis, agreTve, am qonebidan

miRebuli Semosavlebis, aqciebis (wilis) CamorTmevasa da

saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis sakiTxebs. amasTan mniSvneloba

ara aqvs braldebuli Tanamdebobis piri ganTavisuflebulia

Tanamdebobidan Tu kvlav ganagrZobs saqmianobas. aseTi sar-

Celis arsebobisas sasamarTlo uflebamosilia saqme ganix-

ilos da Sesabamisad gadawyvetileba gamoitanos sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisagan damoukide-

blad.

unda aRiniSnos, rom samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenasTan

dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsi Seicavs erTgvarad winaaRmdegobriv debulebas,

kerZod, sssk 33-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu

pirs miaCnia, rom ziani miadga im piris danaSaulis an sxva

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sedegad, romlis mimarTac

warmoebs saqme samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis

gamosayeneblad, mas ufleba aqvs waradginos samoqalaqo

sarCeli sisxlis samarTlis procesis nebismier stadiaze

sabraldebo daskvnis an samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi

RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze dadgenilebis Sedgenamde.

aRniSnuli norma moiTxovs dazustebas. migvaCnia, rom

sicxadisaTvis amoRebuli unda iyos sityvebi _ `sisxlis

samarTlis procesis nebismier stadiaze~, radgan sabral-

debo daskvnis an samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZie-

bis gamoyenebis Taobaze dadgenilebis Sedgena warmoebs

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze da Sesabamisad, samoqalaqo

sarCelic unda iyos wardgenili mxolod am stadiaze.

analogiur uzustobas Seicavs sssk 32-e muxlic, romel-

ic awesrigebs procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis

pirTa mier samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenis uflebis gan-

martebis sakiTxs. Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebi-

dan irkveva, rom pirs aqvs samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenis

ufleba gamomZiebels, prokurors da mosamarTles kanoni

avaldebulebs werilobiT Seatyobinon da ganumarton mas

am uflebis Taobaze. Tumca, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, sasa-

marTlo ver Seatyobinebs da ver ganumartavs am uflebas

uflebamosil pirs im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom sasamarT-

los ara aqvs ufleba miiRos samoqalaqo sarCeli, Tu igi

winaswar gamoZiebaSi ar iyo wardgenili1.

kanonis Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenis xe-

lisSemSlel garemoebas ar warmoadgens braldebulis

daudgenloba. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis SeCerebis SemTx-

vevaSi, Tu braldebuli miimala, misi adgilsamyofeli

ucnobia an pasuxisgebaSi misacemi piri daudgenelia, sar-

Celi zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba waredginos

saxelmwifos, oRond ara sisxlis samarTlis procesSi,

aramed mxolod samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT.

saproceso kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, samoqalaqo sar-

Celze gadawyvetileba mxolod erTxel SeiZleba iyos

miRebuli an sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, an samoqalaqo

samarTalwarmoebis wesiT. kerZod, Tu pirs sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmis ganxilvisas ar warudgenia samoqalaqo sarCeli,

an waradgina, magram igi ganuxilvelad iqna datovebuli,

mas ufleba aqvs waradginos igi samoqalaqo samarTalwar-

moebis wesiT. Tavis mxriv, Tu samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoe-

bis wesiT wardgenil sarCelze mosarCelem uari miiRo, es

1 msgavs uzustobas Seicavs sssk 35-36-e muxlebic.

272 273

garemoeba mas arTmevs uflebas ganmeorebiT waradginos

igive sarCeli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.

aRsaniSnavia, rom samoqalaqo sarCeli sisxlis samarT-

lis saqmeze saxelmwifo baJiT ar ibegreba.

samoqalaqo mosarCeled piris cnoba xdeba procesis

mwarmoebeli organos mier dadgenilebis gamotaniT. dadge-

nilebis asli gadaecema mosarCeles da mas ganemarteba

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli misi ufleba-movaleobebi.

Tu piri cnobilia dazaralebulad da Semdeg waradgens

igi samoqalaqo sarCels gamomZiebels, prokurors gamoaqvT

dadgenileba dazaralebulis samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis

Sesaxeb, xolo Tu igi dazaralebulad ar aris cnobili,

maSin SesaZlebelia erTi dadgenileba iyos gamotanili

piris dazaralebulad da samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis

Sesaxeb an cal-calke iyos gamotanili dadgenilebebi Se-

sabamisad dazaralebulad da samoqalaqo mosarCeled cno-

bis Sesaxeb.

samoqalaqo sarCelis wardgenisaTvis dadgenili sapro-

ceso wesis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, gamomZiebels, prokurors

gamoaqvT dadgenileba piris samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnoba-

ze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. aseT SemTxvevaSi pirs unda gane-

martos aRniSnuli dadgenilebis gasaCivrebis wesi.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas warmodgenili

samoqalaqo sarCelis safuZvlis mtkiceba da fasis gansaz-

Rvra warmoebs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblo-

biT dadgenili wesiT. Tumca samoqalaqo saproceso kanon-

mdeblobis Sesabamisi normebic gamoiyeneba, Tu ar aris

mowesrigebuli sisxlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT samo-

qalaqo sarCelTan dakavSirebuli saproceso urTierTobebi

da es normebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis saproceso samar-

Tlis principeebs.

rac Seexeba sarCelis cnobas, morigebas, sarCelze uars

_ es sakiTxebi regulirdeba samoqalaqo saproceso kanon-

mdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, magram am SemTxvevaSic unda

iyos daculi moTxovnebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze mt-

kicebis sagnis yvela elementis dadgenis Sesaxeb. samoqalaqo

sarCelis ganxilvisas SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iyos ara

mxolod samoqalaqo, aramed Sromis da sxva kanonmdebloban,

kerZod, roca sakiTxi exeba zianis anazRaurebis safuZvels,

pirobas, moculobasa da wess.

samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis momentidan piri xdeba

sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawile. am momentidan igi

iZens saproceso statuss da kanoniT dadgenil farTo

uflebebs sarCelis mxardasaWerad. procesis mwarmoebeli

organo da Tanamdebobis pirebi movaleni arian ara mxolod

ganumarton samoqalaqo mosarCeles Tavisi uflebebi, aramed

uzrunvelyon igi maTi realizaciis SesaZleblobiT proce-

sis yvela stadiaze. sssk 86-e muxlis Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo

mosarCeles ufleba aqvs moiTxovos Tavisi uflebebis gan-

marteba, icodes braldebis arsi, iyolios warmomadgeneli,

waradginos mtkicebulebebi, ganacxados acileba da Suam-

dgomloba, moiTxovos sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad zomebis

miReba, monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-

baSi, romelic exeba sarCelis safuZvelsa da Tanxas,

moiTxovos oqmSi Seitanon sarCelis damadasturebeli mo-

nacemebi, gaasaCivros gamomZieblis, prokuroris moqmede-

bebi da aqtebi, ar gadaixados saxelmwifo baJi, moiTxovos

procesis mwarmoebel organoSi gamoZaxebis Sedegad gaweu-

li xarjebis anazRaureba, gaecnos saqmis masalebs, gadaiRos

aslebi da saqmidan amoiweros cnobebi samoqalaqo sarCelis

nawilSi rogorc sabraldebo daskvniT saqmis sasamarT-

loSi gagzavnis Semdeg, aseve sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis

274 275

anda gamoZiebis Sewyvetisas, misces ganmarteba wardgenili

sarCelis gamo, iyos dakiTxuli mowmis saxiT, isargeblos

mxaris yvela uflebiT sasamarTloSi, gamovides sasamarT-

lo kamaTSi, gaasaCivros ganaCeni da sxva Semajamebeli

sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba im nawilSi, romelic exeba

sarCelis safuZvelsa da Tanxas, daicvas Tavisi interesebi

saapelacio da sakasacio instanciebis sasamarTloebSi,

gaecnos sasamarTlos sxdomis oqms da gamoTqvas masze

SeniSvnebi, gamoTqvas sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi procesis

sxva monawileTa saCivrebze, uari Tqvas sarCelze, dados

morigeba samoqalaqo mopasuxesTan.

unda aRiniSnos, rom samoqalaqo sarCelze uaris Tqma

dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze. sarCelze uaris

Tqma iwvevs samoqalaqo sarCelis gamo warmoebis Sewyvetas.

aseT SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo mosarCeles erTmeva SesaZle-

bloba ganmeorebiT warudginos sarCeli imave pirs da imave

safuZvliT Seitanos igi rogorc sisxlis, ise samoqalaqo

samarTalwarmoebis wesiT.

samoqalaqo sarCelze uaris Tqmis samarTlebriv Sede-

gebze gamomZiebelma, prokurorma, mosamarTlem (sasamarT-

lom) unda miscen ganmarteba samoqalaqo mosarCeles,

Seadginon oqmi an saTanado aRniSvna Seitanon Sesabamis

sagamoZiebo oqmSi. samoqalaqo sarCelze uaris miRebis

Sesaxeb procesis mwarmoebel organos gamoaqvs ganCineba

(dadgenileba).

samoqalaqo sarCeli sasamarTlom SeiZleba daakmayofi-

los mTlianad an nawilobriv an saerTod uaryos. samo-

qalaqo sarCelis bedi wydeba ganaCeniT an saqmeze miRebuli

sxva Semajamebeli gadawyvetilebiT, kerZod, samedicino

xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamoyenebis an mis gamoyen-

ebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT (dadgenilebiT), sisx-

lis samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT

(dadgenilebiT) sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis xandazmu-

lobis vadis gasvlis gamo, amnistiis aqtis gamocemis gamo,

viTarebis Secvlis Sedegad qmedebis saSiSroebis ararse-

bobis gamo, saqarTvelos prezidentis mier msjavrdebulis

Sewyalebis gamo, braldebulis gardacvalebis gamo.

sssk 41-e muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo

valdebulia uaryos sarCeli sssk 28-e muxlis pirveli

nawilis à~, `b~, `g~, `d~, ì~, `k~ da `m~ qvepunqtebSi da

me-2 nawilis à~, `m~ qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvliT

sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis unda winaswari gamoZiiebis

Sewyvetisas (kerZod, ssk-iT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis

ararsebobis gamo; qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis ararsebo-

bis gamo; axali kanoniT qmedebis danaSaulebriobis gauqme-

bis gamo; im kanonis arakonstituciurad cnobis gamo,

romelsac emyareba braldeba; imave braldebis gamo kanoni-

er ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis arsebobis gamo; imave bral-

debiT sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Taobaze

sasamarTlos ganCinebis arsebobis gamo; sisxlis samarT-

lebrivi devnisa da winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb

sasamarTlos, prokuroris dadgenilebis (ganCinebis) arse-

bobis gamo; prokuroris, dazaralebulis mier braldebaze

uaris Tqmis gamo sssk-iT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi;

piris im asakisaTvis miuRwevlobis gamo, romlidanac

dgeba sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba; ssk 36-e

muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi (Secdoma) arsebobis

gamo; ssk 37-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevis (br-

Zanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba) arsebobis gamo; ssk

38-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevis (sisxlis sa-

marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisufleba sxva

arabraleuli qmedebis dros) arsebobis gamo; sssk 75-e

276 277

muxlis me-4 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis erTi

da imave SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT piris braldebulad

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis araumetes 12

Tviani vadis gasvlis gamo.

sasamarTlo valdebulia ar ganixilos samoqalaqo sar-

Celi sssk 28-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `z~ da `T~ qve-

punqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT sisxlis samarTlebrivi

devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetisas. kerZod,

dazaralebulis saCivris ararsebobis gamo _ kerZo sajaro

da kerZo braldebis saqmeebze; dazaralebulis braldebul-

Tan Serigebis gamo kerZo braldebis saqmeze; dazaralebu-

lis braldebulTan Serigebis gamo ssk 69-e, da 89 1-e

muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi, agreTve Tu samo-

qalaqao mosarCele an misi warmomadgeneli ar gamocxadda

sasamarTlo sxdomaze arasapatio mizeziT.

kanonis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze wardge-

nili samoqalaqo sarCelis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi

sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs miiRos samoqalaqo sarCelis

uzrunvelyofis zomebi, Tu isini manamde ar yofila miRe-

buli. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze samoqalaqo sarCelis

uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebas warmoadgens qonebaze yadaRis

dadeba. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze wardgenili samoqalaqo

sarCelis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi misi aRsruleba unda

moxdes samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili

wesebis Sesabamisad.

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, samoqalaqo mosarCeles ufleba

aqvs iyolios warmomadgeneli. samoqalaqo mosarCelis war-

momadgeneli SeiZleba iyos advokati, romelic warmoadgens

mis interesebs procesis yvela stadiaze. samoqalaqo mosar-

Celes SeuZlia isargeblos advokatis personaluri mowve-

vis uflebiT. magram, amave dros, kanoniT gansazRvrul

SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo mosarCelis warmomadgenlis

monawileoba procesSi savaldebuloa miuxedavad misi sur-

vilisa. kerZod, advokat-warmomadgenlis monawileoba

savaldebuloa Tu samoqalaqo mosarCele arasrulwlovania,

qmeduunaroa, SezRudulqmedunariania, janmrTelobis mdgo-

mareobis gamo ar SeuZlia daicvas Tavisi interesebi,

dazaralebulia ssk 443 1-e muxliT (adamianiT vaWroba-

trefikingi), 143 2-e muxliT (arasrulwlovaniT vaWroba-

trefikingi), gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad.

samoqalaqo mosarCelis interesebi SeiZleba daicvas misma

kanonierma warmomadgenelmac.

samoqalaqo mosarCelis warmomadgenels aqvs samoqalaqo

mosarCelis yvela saproceso ufleba sssk 86-e muxlis ̀ a~,

`g~, `J~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis garda.

kerZod, mas ara aqvs ufleba moiTxovos Tavisi uflebebis

ganmarteba; iyolios warmomadgeneli; mxolod samoqalaqo

mosarCelesTan SeTanxmebiT SeuZlia uari Tqvas sarCelze

an dados morigeba samoqalaqo mopasuxesTan.

samoqalaqo mosarCelis warmomadgenels, cxadia, ara

aqvs ufleba marwmuneblis sawinaaRmdego pozicia daikavos.

igi valdebulia gamoiyenos mxolod kanoniT nebadarTuli

saSualebebi da xerxebi samoqalaqo mosarCelis uflebebi-

sa da kanonieri interesebis dasacavad. amasTan, warmomad-

genlobis miRebis Semdeg advaokats ufleba ara aqvs uari

Tqva masze. warmomadgeneli valdebulia ar gaaxmauros

warmomadgenlobasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli informacia.

samoqalaqo mosarCelis warmomadgenels akisria igive

movaleobebi, rac mis marwmunebels gaaCnia. kerZod, sssk

86-e muxlis Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo mosarCele valdebulia

droulad gamocxaddes procesis mwarmoebel organoSi,

warudginos sasarCelo gancxadebis aslebi samoqalaqo mo-

278 279

pasuxes, braldebisa da dacvis mxareebs, daemorCilos

sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris kanonier gankargulebas, pativi

sces sasamarTlos da mxareebs, daicvas wesrigi sasamarTlo

sxdomis darbazSi.

$9. samoqalaqo mopasuxe da misi $9. samoqalaqo mopasuxe da misi

warmomadgeneliwarmomadgeneli

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze samoqalaqo sarCelis ward-

genis da piris samoqalaqo mosarCeled cnobis Sesaxeb

dadgenilebis gamotanis Semdeg procesSi ebmeba samoqalaqo

mopasuxe. samoqalaqo mosarCelisagan gansxvavebiT samo-

qalaqo mopasuxed cnoba ar aris piris neba-survilze

damokidebuli. is SeiZleba ganxorcieldes misi nebis

sawinaaRmdegodac.

samoqalaqo mopasuxis statuss piri iZens gamomZieblis,

prokuroris dadgenilebiT. samoqalaqo mopasuxed SeiZleba

cnobili iqnes fizikuri an iuridiuli piri.

samoqalaqo mopasuxed SeiZleba cnobili iyos bralde-

buli, aseve piri, romelsac materialuri an sxva pasux-

ismgebloba ekisreba braldebulis qmedebisaTvis, an im piris

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebisaTvis, vis mimarTac warmoebs

saqme samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamosay-

eneblad. kerZod, aseTi pirebi SeiZleba iyvnen braldebulis

mSoblebi, meurveebi, mzrunvelebi da a.S.

samoqalaqo mopasuxed cnobis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis asli

da gancxadebuli samoqalaqo sarCelis asli procesis

mwarmoebelma organos dauyovnebliv unda gadasces samo-

qalaqo mopasuxes an mis warmomadgenels da unda ganumar-

tos mas kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli misi ufleba-movaleobe-

bi.

samoqalaqo mopasuxes waeyeneba moTxovna im qonebrivi,

fizikuri an moraluri zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romel-

ic sxva pirs miadga damnaSavis an im piris marTlsawinaaRm-

dego qmedebis Sedegad, romlis mimarTac gamoiyeneba samedi-

cino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZieba.

samoqalaqo mopasuxe sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoe-

bisas aRWurvilia mxaris uflebebiT. misi saproceso interesi

dakavSirebulia sasamarTlos mier gansasjelisaTvis sisxlis

samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis gadawyvetasTan.

samoqalaqo mopasuxe gamodis dacvis mxares, ramdenadac mas

uwevs uaryos moTxovna, romelic mis mimarT wayenebulia

braldebulis danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Sedegad.

samoqalaqo mopasuxis ufleba-movaleobebi regulire-

bulia sssk 90-e muxliT. cxadia, kanonSi CamoTvlili

samoqalaqo mopasuxis uflebebi dakavSirebulia wardgenil

samoqalaqo sarCelTan. samoqalaqo mopasuxes ufleba aqvs

uaryos sarCeli, rac gulisxmobs SesaZleblobas uaryos

sasarCelo moTxovna da moiyvanos Sesabamisi argumentebi.

marTalia, mas aqvs mxaris yvela ufleba, magram samoqalaqo

mopasuxis zogierTi ufleba SezRudulia misi saproceso

funqciis Taviseburebis gamo, rac dakavSirebulia samo-

qalaqo mosarCelis sasarCelo pretenziisagan Tavis dacvas-

Tan, magaliTad, ganaCens igi asaCivrebs mxolod samoqalaqo

sarCelis Sesaxeb miRebuli gadawyvetilebis nawilSi iseve,

rogorc samoqalaqo mosarCele. ufro konkretulad, samo-

qalaqo mopasuxes, iseve rogorc samoqalaqo mosarCeles,

ufleba aqvs moiTxovos Tavisi uflebebis ganmarteba, icodes

braldebis arsi, iyolios warmomadgeneli, waradginos mt-

kicebulebebi, ganacxados acileba da Suamdgomloba,

monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis CatarebaSi,

280 281

romelic exeba sarCelis Tanxasa da safuZvels, gaasaCivros

gamomZieblis, prokuroris moqmedeba da aqtebi; gaecnos

saqmis masalebs, gadaiRos aslebi da saqmidan amoiweros

cnobebi samoqalaqo sarCelis nawilSi saqmis sabraldebo

daskvniT sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Semdeg, agreTve sisxlis

samarTlebrivi devnis anda winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetisas,

misces ganmarteba wardgenili sarCelis gamo, moiTxovos

mowmed dakiTxva, sasamarTloSi isargeblos mxaris yvela

uflebiT, gamovides sasamarTlo kamaTSi, gaasaCivros gan-

aCeni an sxva Semajamebeli gadawyvetileba samoqalaqo sar-

Celis Tanxisa da safuZvlis nawilSi, daicvas Tavisi in-

teresebi saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarT-

loSi, gaecnos sasamarTlo sxdomis oqms da gamoTqvas masze

SeniSvnebi.

samoqalaqo mopasuxes ufleba aqvs cnos sarCeli an

dados morigeba samoqalaqo mosarCelesTan, rac gamoricx-

avs sarCelis gamo Semdgom warmoebas.

samoqalaqo mopasuxe mosarCelis msgavsad valdebulia

gamocxaddes gamomZiebelTan, procesis mwarmoebel or-

ganoSi, daemorCilos Tavmjdomaris kanonier gankargulebebs,

pativi sces sasamarTlosa da mxareebs, daicvas wesrigi

sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebul

SemTxvevebSi, samoqalaqo mopasuxes awevs mtkicebis tvir-

Ti. kerZod, samoqalaqo mopasuxes awevs mosarCelis mt-

kicebaTa uaryofis tvirTi mometebuli safrTxis wyaroTi

miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeebze.

samoqalaqo mopasuxes ufleba aqvs iyolios warmomad-

geneli-advokati. Tu samoqalaqo mopasuxed cnobilia bral-

debuli, warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba samoqalaqo sar-

Celis ganxilvisas SeiZleba daekisros damcvels. samoqalaqo

mopasuxis interesebi aseve SeiZleba daicvas misma kanoni-

erma warmomadgenelma.

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo mopa-

suxis warmomadgenlis monawileoba savaldebuloa, kerZod,

Tu samoqalaqo mopasuxe arasrulwlovania, qmeduunaro an

SezRudulqmeduunaroa, an janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo

ar SeuZlia daicvas Tavisi interesebi. advokatis monawileo-

ba savaldebuloa. aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi Tu samoqalaqo

mopasuxe ar miiwvevs advokats procesis mwarmoebeli or-

gano valdebulia uzrunvelyos advokatis monawileoba,

romlis xarjebsac saxelmwifo aanazRaurebs dadgenili

wesiT. Tu advokat-warmomadgenlis savaldebulo monawile-

obis SemTxveva ar aris saxeze, magram samoqalaqo mopasuxe

arasmqonea da igi warudgens procesis mwarmoebel organos

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos

mier gacemul gadaxdisuunarobis damadasturebel doku-

ments, saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs arasmqone samoqalaqo

mopasuxis intresebis warmomadgenlad advokatis mowvevas

saxelmwifos xarjze. gadaxdisuunarobis damadasturbeli

dokumentis wardgenis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo

mopasuxis advokat-warmomadgenlis saxelmwifo xarjze

daniSvnis gadawyvetilebas iRebs procesis mwarmoebeli

organo.

samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmomadgeneli valdebulia gam-

oiyenos kanoniT nebadarTuli yvela saSualeba da xerxi

marwmuneblis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dasa-

cavad. warmomadgenels aqvs samoqalaqo mopasuxis yvela

saproceso ufleba sarCelis cnobis, morigebis dadebis,

ganaCenisa da sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetile-

bebis gasaCivrebis sakiTxis gadawyvetis garda. warmomad-

282 283

geneli valdebulia miiRos samoqalaqo mopasuxis Tanxmoba

sarCelis sruli an nawilobrivi cnobis, morigebis dade-

bis, ganaCenisa da sxva Semajamebeli gadawyvetis gasaCivre-

bis SemTxvevaSi.

warmomadgneli valdebulia ar gaaxmauros warmomadgen-

lobasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli informacia, warmomadgen-

lobis miRebis Semdeg advokats ufleba ara aqvs uari

Tqvas masze. samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmoadgenels akisria

igive movaleobebi, rac samoqalaqo mopasuxes aqvs.

$10. pirebi, romlebic moiwvevian saqmeze $10. pirebi, romlebic moiwvevian saqmeze

WeSmaritebis dadgenaSi daxmarebis gasawevad WeSmaritebis dadgenaSi daxmarebis gasawevad

(mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani, (mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani,

damswre) rogorc procesis subieqtebidamswre) rogorc procesis subieqtebi

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi procesis mwarmoebeli

pirebis da organoebis, sisxlis samarTlis procesSi pro-

cesualuri dainteresebis da procesualuri funqciis mqone

subieqtebis garda, monawileobas Rebuloben agreTve pro-

cesis sxva subieqtebi, romlebic saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi

moiwvevian saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenaSi daxmarebis mizniT.

es pirebia: mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani da

damswre. procesis am subieqtebs ar gaaCniaT saqmeSi Tavi-

si piradi interesi da isini ar asruleben romelime pro-

cesualur funqcias, aramed mxolod xels uwyoben proce-

sis mwarmoebel pirebs saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenaSi.

dasaxelebul pirTa statussa da uflebamosilebas

gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis XIII

Tavi (93-e – 104-e muxlebi).

sssk pirveli muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis miR-

weva SeuZlebelia sisxlis samarTlis procesSi ara mxolod

dazaralebulis da braldebulis,aramed procesis sxva

pirTa aqtiuri monawileobis gareSe, romlebmac xeli unda

Seuwyon mtkicebis saganSi Semavali garemoebebis dadge-

nas.

mowmemowme

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad da

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba

eniWeba procesSi mowmeTa monawileobas gansakuTrebiT im

SemTxvevebSi, rodesac mowmis mier micemul Cvenebas gadam-

284 285

wyveti mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis. mowme, rogorc mt-

kicebulebiTi informaciis matarebeli iqmneba TviT

gamosaZiebeli saqmis garemoebebiT da Seucvlelia sisxlis

samarTlis procesSi. vinaidan misi Cvenebebi, rogorc wesi,

exeba uSualod mis mier nanaxs an mosmenils da romlis

Sesaxeb informaciis mowodebac, rogorc wesi, mxolod mas

SeuZlia. swored amitom mowmes da mis mier mocemul Cve-

nebebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Seunacvlebadi xasiaTi

gaaCniaT. amiT gansxvavdeba mowme am TavSi ganxiluli ss

procesis sxva monawileebisagan-eqspertebis, specialiste-

bis da Tarjimnebisgan, romelTa funqciebis ganxorcieleba

Sesabamisi ganaTlebis da kvalifikaciis mqone nebismier sxva

pirs SeuZlia. amasTan, mowme procesis mwarmoebel organos

awvdis ara sakuTar mosazrebebs an daskvnebs (eqsperti,

specialisti) aramed uSualod mis mier nanaxi an gagonili

faqtobrivi monacemebis Taobaze informacias.

swored amitom,sssk krZlavs mowmis mier sxva proce-

sualuri funqciebis SeTavsebas (magaliTad Tarjimani, dam-

swre, eqsperti, gamomZiebeli da a.S). Tu saWiro xdeba ar-

Cevanis gakeTeba piris mier mowmis da procesis sxva subieq-

tis saxiT procesSi mowvevisas (garda eWvmitanilis, bral-

debulis an dazaralebulis saxiT) arCevani keTdeba mowmis

statusis SenarCunebis sasargeblod. kerZod, im SeTxvevaSi

Tu saqmis warmoebaSi eqspertis saxiT mowveuli piri an

gamomZiebeli aRmoCndeba, rom igive saqmeze SeiZleba mowveu-

li iqnes mowmis saxiT, igi procesSi SeinarCunebs mowmis

statuss, magram acileba miecema rogorc eqsperts, gamomZieb-

els. gamonaklisia procesSi monawile pirTa kanonieri war-

momadgenlebi, eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli, rom-

lebic procesSi aseve Seucvleli subieqtebi arian.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmis saxiT mowvevis

winapirobaa procesis mwarmoebeli organos (Tanamdebobis

piris) varaudi (Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis da infor-

maciis safuZveze), rom am pirisaTvis SesaZlebelia cno-

bili iyos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowme aris piri, romel-

ic gamoiZaxeba procesis mwarmoebeli organos mier Cvene-

bis misacemad saqmesTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis da sisxlis

samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone sxva garemoebe-

bis Sesaxeb. amasTan, sssk 3051-e muxlis Tanaxmad mowmis

dakiTxva SeiZleba mxolod im garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romel-

sac mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis, aseve eWvmitanilis, bral-

debulisa da dazaralebulis vinaobis dasadgenad.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi piris mowmis saxiT

monawileobis safuZvels warmoadgens misi gamoZaxeba. pro-

cesis sxva subieqtebisagan gansxvavebiT aq ar xdeba dadge-

nilebis gamotana piris mowmed cnobis Sesaxeb. mowmis

gamoZaxeba xorcieldeba:

_ uwyebiT;

_ telefonogramiT;

_ depeSiT;

_ radiogramiT

_ faqsiT;

_ kavSirgabmulobis sxva teqnikuri saSualebiT.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmis mowvevis mizania

gamosaZiebel an gansaxilvel sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan

dakavSirebuli informaciis mopoveba. amitom, procesSi

piris mowmis saxiT monawileoba pirdapir ukavSirdeba mis

mier Cvenebis micemis movaleobas.

gamonaklisia sssk 95-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli

pirebi, romelTa dakiTxva ar xdeba mowmis saxiT. sssk

iTvaliswinebs mowmeTa am jgufis dayofas or kategoriad:

286 287

I. pirebi, romlebic procesis mwarmoebeli organos I. pirebi, romlebic procesis mwarmoebeli organos

gadawyvetilebiT SeiZleba gaTavisufldnen mowmis mova-gadawyvetilebiT SeiZleba gaTavisufldnen mowmis mova-

leobisagan.leobisagan.

sssk icavs profesiuli saqmianobis saidumloebas da

procesis mwarmoebel pirs, saqmis garemoebebis da profe-

siuli saqminobisaTvis Cvenebis micemiT gamowveuli sava-

raudo zianis Tanafardobis gaTvaliswinebiT, uflebas

aZlevs motivirebuli dadgenilebiT (ganCinebiT) mowmis

movaleobisagan gaaTavisuflos:

a) eqimi, medicinis da, meani, farmacevti, sxva samedi-

cino muSaki, Tu maT profesiulad evalebaT saeqimo (samedi-

cino) saidumloebis dacva;

b) notariusi, sajaro mosamsaxure, samxedro mosamsax-

ure da masTan gaTanabrebuli piri, Tu maT nakisri aqvT

valdebuleba, ar gaamJRavnon miRebuli informaciis wyaro

da Sinaarsi;

g) piri, romelic samuSaoze im pirobiT aris miRebuli,

rom ar gaamJRavnebs komerciul an sabanko saidumloebas.

d) kontrteroristuli an/da specialuri operaciis

monawile piri, romlis saqmianoba gasaidumloebulia, da

am saqmianobis amsaxveli dokumentebi, masalebi da sxva

monacemebi miekuTvneba saxelmwifo saidumloebas.

magram sssk ar iTvaliswinebs mowmis uflebas uari

Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze profesiuli, samsaxurebrivi, ko-

merciuli Tu piradi cxovrebis saidumloobis safuZvliT.

vinaidan, saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenis da marTlmsajuleb-

is ganxorcielebis miznebidan gamomdinare, procesis mwar-

moebeli organo Tavad iRebs gadawyvetilebas gaaTavisuf-

los piri mowmis movaleobisagan Tu uzrunvelyos piris

dakiTxva mis mier micemuli Cvenebis konfidencialurobis

uzrunvelyofis pirobebSi. imavdroulad aRniSnuli pire-

bis am safuZvliT mowmis movaleobisagan gaTavisufleba

droSi SezRuduli ar aris da arc Seuqcevadi xasiaTisaa.

kerZod, saqmis konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare

procesis mwarmoebel organos ufleba aqvs mogvianebiT

Secvalos (igive an Semdgom stadiaze) Tavisi gadawyvetile-

ba da aRniSnuli pirebi moiwvios procesSi Cvenebis misace-

mad.

sssk ar gamoricxavs zemoT aRniSnul pirTa mowmis

movaleobisagan sruli moculobiT gaTavisuflebis SesaZle-

blobas. is adgens aRniSnuli kategoriis pirebis mier

Cvenebis micemis movaleobas gansaxilvel saqmesTan dakav-

SirebiT da imavdroulad saWiroebisas gaTavisuflebas

mxolod im nawilSi, romelic SeiZleba exebodes zemoT

aRniSnul saidumlos an informacias. imavdroulad, es aris

procesis mwarmoebeli piris ufleba da ara valdebuleba

da misi gamoyeneba damokidebulia konkretuli saqmis gare-

moebebze, mowmis Cvenebis mniSvnelobaze marTlmsajulebis

ganxorcielebis da obieqturi gamoZiebis ganxorcielebis

miznebisaTvis. nebismier SemTxvevaSi procesis mwarmoebeli

piris gadawyvetileba unda iyos dasabuTebuli da moti-

virebuli.

II. pirebi romlebic ar SeiZleba iyvnen obieqturi mt-II. pirebi romlebic ar SeiZleba iyvnen obieqturi mt-

kicebulebiTi informaciis wyaro.kicebulebiTi informaciis wyaro.

informaciis sarwmunoobis xarisxis matarebeli ar aris

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis da qmeduunaro pirTa mier

micemuli Cveneba. swored amitom mowmed ar SeiZleba

dakiTxon piri:

a) romelsac mcirewlovnobis, fizikuri naklis an

fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas,

daixsomos an aRidginos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone

garemoebebi da misces Cveneba,

288 289

b) adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverpli –

mosafiqrebeli vadis ganmavlobaSi.

imis gasarkvevad, mcirewlovnobis, fizikuri naklis an

fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo SeuZlia Tu ara pirs movlene-

bis sworad aRqma, damaxsovreba aRdgena da gadmocema

SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes Sesabamisi dargis specialis-

tis mowveva an eqspertizis Catareba.. fizikuri (magaliTad

xeibari, usinaTlo, yru-munji da a.S) an fsiqikuri nakli

TavisTavad ar warmoadgens procesSi piris mowmis saxiT

monawileobis damabrkolebel garemoebas. aq mniSvnelovania

imis dadgena Tu ra gavlenas axdens konkretuli nakli

piris unarze aRiqvas, daimaxsovros da gadmosces esa Tu

is viTareba (magaliTad, usinaTlos SeuZlia gamoZiebis

organos miawodos informacia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis

mqone im saubris Sesaxeb, romlis momswrec is iyo, an

romelic misTvis gaxda cnobili sxva pirebisagan; yru-

munjma_ mis mier uSualod nanaxi danaSaulis Cadenis vi-

Tarebis Sesaxeb da a.S) magram aRniSnuli kategoriis

pirebis procesSi monawileobisas, rogorc wesi, aucile-

belia Tarjimnis monawileoba.

fsiqikuri daavadebebi sxvadasxva simZimis da formisaa

(permanentuli an droebiTi Seuracxadoba). amitom, aseT

dros unda dadgindes erTis mxriv aseTi mowmis fsiqikuri

mdgomareoba konkretuli garemoebebis aRqmis da meores

mxriv-dakiTxvis momentSi. aseTi pirebis dakiTxvis mizanSe-

wonilobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas iRebs procesis mwar-

moebeli piri yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi eqim-special-

istTan konsultaciis safuZvelze.

III. pirebi romlebic ar SeiZleba gamoZaxebulni da III. pirebi romlebic ar SeiZleba gamoZaxebulni da

dakiTxulni iqnen mowmis saxiT konkretul garemoebebTan dakiTxulni iqnen mowmis saxiT konkretul garemoebebTan

dakavSirebiT (sssk 95.1 muxli);dakavSirebiT (sssk 95.1 muxli);

sssk mkafiod gansazRvravs im sakiTxTa wres, da SemTx-

vevebs, romelTa Taobazec aRniSnuli pirebis mowmis saxiT

dakiTxva akrZaluli. imavdroulad maTi mowmis saxiT

dakiTxvis akrZalva ar aris absoluturi. kanoni ar krZa-

lavs maT dakiTxvas an gamoZaxebas procesSi mowmis saxiT

saerTod, aramed mxolod maT mier ganxorcielebul konk-

retul funqciebTan da faqtebTan mimarTebaSi.

amasTan, am jgufSi Semavali pirebic pirobiTad iyofa

or saxed:

1. pirebi, romelTa dakiTxva maTi survilis/ Tanxmobis

SemTxvevaSic akrZalulia;

2. pirebi romelTa dakiTxva mowmis saxiT SesaZlebelia

maTi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi.

1. pirebi, romelTa dakiTxva maTi survilis/ Tanxmobis 1. pirebi, romelTa dakiTxva maTi survilis/ Tanxmobis

SemTxvevaSic akrZaluliaSemTxvevaSic akrZalulia

sssk iTvaliswinebs advokatis (damcveli, warmomad-

geneli), saxalxo damcvelis, sakanonmdeblo organos wevre-

bis, mosamarTlis da Jurnalistebis saqmianobis efeqturad

ganxorcielebisaTvis damatebiT garantiebs da ndobiTi

urTierTobebis uzrunvelyofas maTi profesiuli saqmiano-

bis ganxorcielebisas (mag dacvis qveS myof pirebTan urT-

ierTobisas imisaTvis rom am pirTa gulaxdiloba ar iqnes

gamoyenebuli maTsave sawinaaRmdegod). aseve aRsarebis said-

umloebis dacva, rac aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis uzrun-

velyofis mniSvnelovani garantiaa.

sssk Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba mowmed gamoiZaxon da

dakiTxon:

a) eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis an msjavrde-

bulis damcveli – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis

cnobili gaxda am saqmeSi damcvelis movaleobis Sesrule-

basTan dakavSirebiT;

290 291

b) dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis, samoqalaqo

mopasuxis warmomadgeneli – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romel-

ic misTvis cnobili gaxda am saqmeSi warmomadgenlis an

damcvelis movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT;

g) advokati, romelic iuridiul daxmarebas uwevda

pirs dacvis an warmomadgenlobis miRebamde – im garemoe-

bis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda iuridiuli

daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT-amasTan igulisxmeba mis

mier iuridiuli daxmarebis gaweva nebismieri samarTaldar-

Rvevis saqmeze. maT Soris samoqalaqo, administraciuli da

a.S. aseve profesiuli iuridiuli momsaxurebis ganxor-

cielebisas aseTi informaciis miReba drois, adgilis da

informaciis Sinaarsis miuxedavad;

d) advokati, romelic organizacias emsaxureboda – im

garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda dacvis

an warmomadgenlobis ganxorcielebasTan an sxva iuridiuli

daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT;

e) sasuliero piri – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic

misTvis cnobili gaxda aRsarebis an sxvagvarad gandobis

Sedegad;

z) saxalxo damcveli – im faqtis gamo, romelic mas

gaandes, rogorc saxalxo damcvels;

T) saqarTvelos parlamentis, afxazeTisa da aWaris

avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi

organoebis wevrebi – im faqtis gamo, romelic maT gaandes

amomrCevlebma;

i) mosamarTle – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic war-

moadgens mosamarTleTa TaTbiris saidumloebas;

k) Jurnalisti – profesiuli saqmianobisas miRebul

informaciasTan dakavSirebiT.

unda aRiniSnos, rom es akrZalva droSi ar aris Sez-

Ruduli da Sesabamisad aRniSnuli kategoriis pirTa

dakiTxva dauSvebelia imisdamiuxedavad kvlavac agrZeleben

aRniSnul saqmianobas Tu ara. magaliTad, dauSvebelia eWvmi-

tanilis damcvelis dakiTxva im garemoebebis Sesaxeb,

romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda am saqmeSi damcvelis

movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT maSinac, rodesac

igi ukve aRar asrulebs aRniSnul funqcias saqmeze gama-

marTlebeli Tu gamomatyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanis, Tu

mis momsaxurebaze braldebulis mier uaris Tqmis miuxe-

davad.

imavdroulad, mniSvneloba ara aqvs aRniSnuli infor-

macia uSualod exeboda mis mier ganxorcielebul samsax-

urebriv saqmianobas Tu samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis ganxor-

cielebis procesSi gaxda misTvis cnobili sxva garemoe-

bebi, romlebsac mis mier ganxorcielebul momsaxurebasTan

kavSiri ara aqvs (magaliTad qurdobisaTvis dakavebuli

eWvmitanilis dacvisas cnobili gaxda eWvmitanilis axlo

naTesavis mier mkvlelobis Cadenis Sesaxeb).

2. pirebi, romlebic maTi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZle-2. pirebi, romlebic maTi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZle-

ba daikiTxon rogorc braldebis mowme.ba daikiTxon rogorc braldebis mowme.

sssk 951 muxlis `v~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad dauSvebelia

eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis

axlo naTesavis mowmis saxiT dakiTxva da Sesabamisad sssp

monawileobisaTvis mowveva ssprocesis nebismier stadiaze,

garda im SemTxvevebisa Tu isini Tavad gamoTqvamen Cvenebis

micemis survils. aseTi survilis gamoTqmis SemTxvevaSi

isini nebayoflobiT acxadeben uars mowmis saproceso imu-

nitetze da maTze garceldeba sssk mowmisaTvis dadgenili

yvela movaleoba da pasuxismgeloba. uari mowmis imunite-

tze aris Seuqcevadi da upirobo. rac gulisxmobs, rom

mowmes ar aqvs ufleba Tanxmoba ganacxados informaciis

292 293

nawilis miwodebaze an sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr gansaz-

Rvros procesis mwarmoebeli organosaTvis misawodebeli

informaciis saxe da moculoba, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi mis

mimarT adgili eqneba sssk dadgenili saproceso iZulebis

da ssp RonisZiebebis gamoyenebas darCenil gaumJRavnebel

informaciasTan dakavSirebiT.

mowmis ufleba-movaleobani.mowmis ufleba-movaleobani.

rocesSi piri mowmis statuss iZens procesis mwar-

moebel organoSi an Tanamdebobis pirTan (rogorc wesi _

gamomZiebelTan) misi pirvelive gamoZaxebis momentidan.

swored am momentidan ekisreba mas sssk mowmisaTvis dadge-

nili uflebebi da movaleobebi.

mowme valdebulia: mowme valdebulia:

1. gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos

gamoZaxebiT.

procesSi arasapatio mizeziT, gamoucxadeblobis SemTx-

vevaSi mowmes SeiZleba daekisros fuladi jarima 500

laramde odenobiT da daeqvemdebaros iZulebiT moyvanas.

arasapatio mizeziT mowmis gamoucxadeblobis SemTx-

vevaSi igi SeiZleba iZulebiT iqnes moyvanili. mowmis

iZulebiTi moyvana dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze

mxolod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT (winaswari gamoZie-

bis stadiaze-brZanebiT, saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas-

dadgenilebiT an ganCinebiT). mowmis moyvanis mizania misi

monawileobis uzrunvelyofa sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi an

sasamarTlo sxdomaSi. magram misi iZulebiT moyvana dauS-

vebelia winaswar misi gamoZaxebis, mis mier nebayoflobiT

gamocxadebaze uaris Tqmis da gamoucxadeblobis arasapatio

mizezis dadgenis gareSe. sssk gamoucxadeblobis sapatio

SemTxvevebs miakuTvnebs gansakuTrebul obieqtur garemoe-

bebs, romlebic procesis monawilisagan damoukidebeli

mizeziT SeuZlebels xdis procesze mis gamocxadebas. (ix.

muxli 44.57)

2. sworad acnobos yvelaferi, rac saqmis gamo icis,

da upasuxos dasmul SekiTxvebs.

mowme valdebulia miawodos informacia mxolod im

garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic misTvis cnobilia dakiTxvis

momentSi. amasTan igi ar aris valdebuli Tavisi sakuTari

mosazrebebi miawodos procesis mwarmoebel organos. mowmes

SeuZlia misces Cveneba uSualod im movlenebis da faqte-

bis Sesaxeb, romlebic uSualod mis mier iqna aRqmuli an

im garemoebebis Sesaxeb romlebic misTvis cnobili gaxda

sxva pirTagan. dauSvebelia mowmisagan raime saxis gamoZie-

bis an dakvirvebis warmoebis moTxovna, an mis mimarT iseTi

eqsperimentebis Catareba, romlebic marTalia sasargebloa

gamoZiebisaTvis, magram ar gaaCniaT mowmis movaleobasTan

pirdapiri damokidebuleba mag., hipnotizacia. gamonaklisia

danaSaulis SemTxvevis, zianis miyenebis faqtis dadgenis,

dakiTxvisaTvis mowmis vargisianobis Semowmebis da

gamosaZiebel ss saqmesTan dakavSirebuli sxva legitimuri

mizniT ganxorcielebuli eqsperimentebi. dauSvebelia iseTi

sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis Catareba mowmis mimarT, romel-

ic safrTxes uqmnis mis janmrTelobas an sicocxles an

ewinaaRmdegeba zneobriv normebs.

mowmis Semowmeba dasaSvebia mxolod misi Cvenebis sis-

woris gasarkvevad. mowmis Semowmeba daiSveba mxolod

mosamarTlis brZanebiT. magram Semowmebis Catarebaze mowmis

Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlis brZanebis mopoveba

saWiro aRar xdeba da Semowmeba tardeba gamomZieblis an

prokuroris dadgenilebis safuZvelze sssk dadgenili

wesiT. sssk krZalavs aseve mowmis iZulebiT eqspertizas,

garda veneriuli Tu sxva infeqciuri daavadebebis dadgeni-

294 295

sa da agreTve im SemTxvevebisa, roca eWvmitanili an bral-

debuli moiTxovs im dazaralebulis Cvenebis Semowmebas,

romelic amxels mas danaSaulis CadenaSi. dazaralebulisa

da mowmis iZulebiTi eqspertiza dasaSvebia mxolod mosa-

marTlis brZanebis safuZvelze.

2. mowmes ekisreba sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba

Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisTvis (muxli 370), cru Cven-

ebis micemisaTvis (muxli 370), arsebiTad urTierTsawi-

naaRmdego Cvenebebis micemis (muxli 3711) da cru das-

menisaTvis (muxli 373). magram mowmes pasuxismgebloba ar

ekisreba Tu:

1. igi eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis an

msjavrdebulis axlo naTesavia;

2. mas unda epasuxa danaSaulis CadenaSi mis mamxilebel

SekiTxvaze

3. igi keTilsindisierad cdeba da amis gamo iZleva aras-

wor Cvenebas da adgili ara aqvs mowmis mier winaswari

SecnobiT araswori Cvenebis micemas.

4. winaswari gamoZiebis procesSi an sasamarTlo gadaw-

yvetilebis ganaCenis gamotanamde nebayoflobiT ganacx-

adebs mis mier cru Cvenebis micemis Sesaxeb.

winaswari SecnobiT cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis mowmis

mimarT ss devnis dawyeba dasaSvebia mxolod ganaCenis

dadgenasTan erTdroulad.

amasTan, mowme ar aris valdebuli misces Cveneba Tavi-

si an misi axlo naTesavis winaaRmdeg1. sssk 44-e muxlis

1 aSS-is sssk iTvaliswinebs mowmis imunitetis instituts, rac gu-

lisxmobs sasamarTlos mier pirisaTvis miniWebul imunitets, rom piris mier

mowmis saxiT dakiTxvisas micemuli Cvenebebi da maTgan gamomdinare faqtebi ar

iqneba gamoyenebuli mtkicebulebis saxiT missave winaaRmdeg Semdgomi samar-

Talwarmoebisas.

aSS – is konstituciis me-5 Sesworeba iTvaliswinebs braldebulis

Tanaxmad axlo naTesavs miekuTvneba mSobeli, Svilad amyvani,

Svilobili, papa, bebia, SviliSvili, da, Zma, meuRle (gan-

qorwinebulic). amdenad, sssk es debuleba iseve, rogorc

mowmis saxiT gamoZaxebis da dakiTxvis akrZalva ar exeba

meurvesa da mzrunvels.

dauSvebelia mowmisagan Cvenebis mopoveba iZulebis,

muqaris an SantaJis an sxva ukanono meTodebiT. aseTis

gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamis pirs ekisreba sisxlis

samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba.

4. ar gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakavSirebiT misTvis cno-

bili garemoebebi, Tu igi amis Sesaxeb gaafrTxila gamomZie-

belma, prokurorma an sasamarTlom;

5. daicvas wesrigi saqmis winaswari gamoZiebisa da

sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros _ gamoucxadeblobis, Tavmj-

domaris gankargulebaTa Seusruleblobis, saqmis gamoZie-

bisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros wesrigis darRvevisa

da sasamarTlos upativcemulobisaTvis mowmes SeiZleba

daekisros fuladi saxdeli Sromis anazRaurebis aT mini-

malur odenobamde. kerZod, sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis

darRvevis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlis gankargulebiT igi

uflebas pasuxi ar gasces braldebis mxaris nebismier SekiTxvas an uari Tqvas

Cvenebis micemaze. kerZod~ aravin unda iqnes iZulebuli sisxlis sam saqmeze

misces Cveneba sakuTari Tavis sawinaaRmdegod. imuniteti TviTgaTqmisagan exeba

ara mxolod braldebuls, aramed mowmesac romelic Cvenebas iZleva sasamarT-

loSi. Tu mowme CaTvlis rom misma Cvenebam SeiZleba moaxdinos missive inkri-

minireba /TviTgaTqma danaSaulis CadenaSi, SeuZlia Tavi Seikavos nebismier

kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisagan. sakiTxs mowmisaTvis privilegiis miniWebis Tao-

baze iRebs mosamarTle saqmis konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare. `Tu ar

arsebobs inkriminirebis realuri da arsebiTi saSiSroeba, Txovna privilegiis

gamoyenebis Taobaze ar kmayofildeba, maSinac ki Tu dadgindeba sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi sanqciebis gamoyenebis Soreuli safrTxe. magram Tu mowmisaTvis aseTi

safrTxis arseboba erTxel ukve iqna dadgenili, mas eniWeba farTo SesaZle-

bloba damoukideblad Seafasos sakuTari TavisaTvis konkretuli safrTxis

sakiTxi.

296 297

SeiZleba dajarimdes 50-dan 500 laramde odenobiT an

Seefardos dapatimreba, xolo sasamarTlos aSkara upa-

tivcemulobis an Tu misi qmedeba mimarTulia procesis

CaSlisken _ 30 dRemde vadiT.

5. ar datovos sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazi Tavmjdo-

maris nebarTvis gareSe.

6. Seasrulos procesis mwarmoebeli organos kanonieri

moTxovna-mosamarTle valdebulia sisxlis samarTlis sap-

roceso movaleobaTa SeusruleblobisaTvis 500 laramde

odenobis fuladi jarima daakisros mowmes, romelic uars

ityvis Semowmebis an eqspertizis Catarebis, SedarebiTi

kvlevisaTvis nimuSis miRebis Sesaxeb gamomZieblis, proku-

roris, sasamarTlos kanonieri moTxovnis Sesrulebaze.

mowmes ufleba aqvs: mowmes ufleba aqvs:

• icodes, ra saqmis gamoa gamoZaxebuli;

• Cveneba misces mSobliur enaze, Tu man ar icis sisx-

lis samarTlis procesis ena, da isargeblos Tar-

jimnis ufaso momsaxurebiT;

• acileba misces Tarjimans;

• sakuTari xeliT Camoayalibos Tavisi Cveneba;

• iyolios advokati (m. 3055)

• monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-

baSi;

• gaecnos dakiTxvis an misi monawileobiT Catarebuli

sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqms, moiTxovos masSi

damatebebisa da cvlilebebis Setana, aseve gaecnos

sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmis im nawils, sadac Cawer-

ilia misi Cveneba, da moiTxovos masSi damatebebis,

cvlilebebisa da dazustebebis Setana,

• gaakeTos gancxadeba gamoZiebis ukanono meTodebis

Sesaxeb;

• isargeblos werilobiTi CaniSvnebiTa da dokument-

ebiT;

• mis mimarT ganxorcielebul iZulebiT eqspertizasTan

mimarTbeaSi-eqspertizis Catarebamde gaecnos gamomZieblis

an prokuroris dadgenilebas eqspertizis daniSvnis Ses-

axeb; acileba misces eqsperts; gaecnos eqspertis daskvnas.

misi miRebidan ara ugvianes 10 dRis Semdeg aRZras Suam-

dgomloba damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis Catare-

bis Taobaze;

• gamomZieblis ukanono moqmedeba gaasaCivros proku-

rorTan,

• ar misces Cveneba, romelic amxels mas an mis axlo

naTesavebs danaSaulis CadenaSi;

yvela sxva piri SeiZleba dakiTxuli iqnes mowmis

saxiT. kanoni ar adgens raime saxis asakobriv an piris

fizikuri mdgomareobidan ganindinare SezRudvas mowmed

mosawvev pirebTan mimarTebaSi da aucileblobis SemTx-

vevaSi iTvaliswinebs arasrulwlovnebis da mcirewlovne-

bis1 dakiTxis SesaZleblobasac. arasrulwlovani mowme

SeiZleba daikiTxos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas asakis, fsiqikuri

mdgomareobis, unar-Cvevebis da sxva Tvisebebis erToblio-

biT SeuZlia sityvierad, an sxva formiT miawodos proce-

sis mwarmoebel organos, Tanamdebobis pirs sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone cnobebi. kanoni ar

adgens minimalur asakobriv zRvars, romlidanac daiSveba

mcirewlovnis dakiTxva. rogorc wesi, es damokidebulia

erTis mxriv mcirewlovnis Tvisebebis erTobliobaze da

dasakiTx garemoebebze. 7 wlamde asakis mowmis dakiTxva

daiSveba mxolod mSoblis an kanonieri warmomadgenlis

1 maT mier miwodebuli informaciis mtkicebulebiTi xasiaTi ganxilulia

mtkicebulebaTa TavSi.

298 299

TanxmobiT. 14 wlamde asakis mowmes unda ganematos misi

movaleoba ilaparakos mxolod simarTle, magram is ar

frTxildeba Segnebulad araswori Cvenebis micemisaTvis an

Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. nebismier SemTxvevaSi arasrul-

wlovani mowmis dakiTxva daiSveba pedagogis an kanonieri

warmomadgenlis TandaswrebiT. aRniSnuli kategoriis

pirTa dakiTxvisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos aseTi Cve-

nebebis Taviseburebani.

yru-munji mowmis dakiTxva tardeba im piris monawile-

obiT, romelic igebs mis niSnebs da SeuZlia misTvis imave

niSnebiT azris gagebineba. xolo mZime avadmyofi mowmis

dakiTxva yvela SemTxvevaSi tardeba eqimis werilobiTi

nebarTviT, xolo Tu amas aucileblad miiCnevs eqimi-misi

TandaswrebiT. amasTan

damatebiTi regulaciebi gaTvaliswinebulia mxolod

diplomatiuri imunitetis mqone pirebTan mimarTebaSi. maTi

dakiTxva dasaSvebia mxolod maTi TxovniT an maTi Tanxmo-

biT. Tanxmoba gamoiTxoveba sagareo saqmeTa saministros

meSveobiT.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da

srulyofili gamoZiebis Catarebis miznebidan gamomdinare

sssk procesis monawile pirs akisrebs mowmis saxiT nebi-

smieri im piris mowvevis movaleobas, romlisTvisac sava-

raudod cnobilia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoe-

bebi da amdenad, sssk ar iTvaliswinebs mowmis acilebis

SesaZleblobas dazaralebulTan, procesis monawilesTan

naTesauri Tu sxvagvari damokidebulebis, misi saqmianobis

Tu sxva safuZvliT (magaliTad dazaralebulis naTesavia

an adre iyo gamomZiebeli am saqmeze) magram es garemoebebi

gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes mis mier micemuli Cvenebis

Sefasebisas.

TarjimaniTarjimani

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Tarjimnis mier Tavisi

funqcebis ganuxrelad, srulyofilad da keTilsindisierad

ganxorcielebaze mniSvnelovanwilad aris damokidebuli

procesSi monawile pirTa aqtiuroba da maTi movaleobebis

srulyofilad ganxorcieleba (magaliTad: mowme, eqsperti,

specialisti) da meores mxriv mxareTa mier Tavisi ufle-

bebis da kanonieri interesebis dacvis xarisxi.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Tarjimnis monawileobis

safuZvelia:

1. gamomZieblis, prokuroris an mosamarTlis dadgenileba;

an

2. sasamarTlos ganCineba

procesSi Tarjimnis mowvevis winapirobebia:

a) gamomZiebelma, prokurorma, mosamarTlem (mosa-

marTleebma) ar ician an saTanadod ar ician ena, romelze-

dac procesis monawile iZleva ganmartebas an Cvenebas;

b) braldebulma, eWvmitanilma, damcvelma, dazarale-

bulma, samoqalaqo mosarCelem, samoqalaqo mopasuxem,

maTma warmomadgenlebma, procesis sxva monawileebma ar

ician an saTanadod ar ician sisxlis samarTlis procesis

ena;

g) saWiroa meore enidan iTargmnos esa Tu is werilo-

biTi teqsti.

sssk iTvaliswinebs procesSi ori tipis Tarjimnis

monawileobas:

1. piri romelsac esmis yru-munjTa niSnebi;

300 301

2. piri, romelic flobs samarTalwarmoebis da proce-

sis Sesabamisi monawilis enas.

Tu saqmis ramdenime monawiles sWirdeba Tarjimani da

isini saTanadod floben erTsa da imave enas, SesaZlebelia

erTi Tarjimnis mowveva.

Tarjimnis movaleobis Sesrulebis ufleba ara aqvT:

1. procesis mwarmoebel pirebs (gamomZiebels, prokurors,

mosamarTles);

2. sxdomis mdivans;

3. eWvmitanils, braldebuls, gansasjels, msjavrdbuls;

4. damcvels;

5. dazaralebuls da mis warmomadgenels;

6. samoqalaqo mosarCeles, samoqalaqo mopasuxes da maT

warmomadgenlebs;

7. mowmes;

8. eqsperts;

9. specialists;

10. damswres.

Tarjimnis ufleba-movaleobani Tarjimnis ufleba-movaleobani

11. Tarjimani valdebulia:

_ gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos

gamoZaxebiT. Tu Tarjimani arasapatio mizeziT, uars ityvis

gamocxadebaze an masze dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesrule-

baze, mas daekisreba fuladi jarima 500 laramde odenobiT.

xelmeored arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobisas igi

iZulebiT iqneba moyvanili. iZulebiT moyvana ar anTavisu-

flebs gamoucxadeblobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan.

_ zustad da srulad Targmnos Cveneba da dokumenti.

miuxedavad imisa, rom sssk adgens Tarjimnis movaleobas

Targmanis keTilsindisierad ganxorcielebis mizniT, sssk

detalurad ar aregulirebs Tarjimnis mier nakisri mova-

leobebis Sesrulebis formas.

TarjimanTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa sakiTxi imis

Sesaxeb Tu romeli dokumentebis Targmanis movaleoba da

ra formiT unda ekisrebodes Tarjimans_ zepiri Tu weri-

lobiTi, zepiri Targmanis SemTxvevaSi Targmani unda xor-

cieledebodes sityva-sityviTi, Tu SesaZlebelia saqmeSi

arsebuli dokumentebis mokle Sinaarsis Targmna. aRniS-

nuli gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa procesis monawilis mier

saqmeSi arsebuli masalebis gacnobasTan mimarTebaSi ssk

sxvadasxa stadiebTan mimarTebaSi. sssk iTvaliswinebs mx-

olod Semajamebeli xasiaTis dokumentebis werilobiTi

Targmanis movaleobas. danarCeni dokumentebis zepiri Targ-

manis SemTxvevaSi rTulia arajerovani an arasruli, Ser-

CeviTi Targmanis faqtis mtkiceba. amasTan, ar iTvaliswinebs

arajerovnad an arasrulyofilad ganxorcielebuli Targ-

manisaTvis Tarjimnis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs. miuxedavad

imisa, rom amiT SeiZleba procesis monawiles xSir SemTx-

vevaSi miadges mniSvnelovani ziani (magaliTad braldebu-

lisaTvis mowmis Cvenebis arsebiTad araswori Targmani,

ramac ganapiroba dacvis xazis an taqtikis Secvla bral-

debulis mier). aqedan gamomdinare gansakuTrebuli mniS-

vneloba eniWeba kvalificiuri Tarjimnebis monawileobis

uzrunvelyofas. swored amitom sssk 106 muxlis iTval-

iswinebs Tarjimnis acilebis valdebulebas im SemTxvevaSi,

Tu gamovlindeba misi profesiuli arakvalificiuroba.

_ xelmoweriT daadasturos Targmanis utyuaroba misi

monawileobiT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmsa da

sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi, agreTve sxva saproceso doku-

mentebSi, romlebic procesis monawiles gadaecema mis

mSobliur enaze an im enaze Targmnili, romelic man icis.

302 303

ganzrax araswori TargmanisaTvis Tarjimani pasuxs agebs

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e muxliT.

amasTan, Tarjimani Tavisufldeba sisxlis samarTlis pa-

suxismgeblobisagan Tu winaswari gamoZiebis procesSi, anda

ganaCenis an sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde

nebayoflobiT ganacxadebs mis mier ganzrax araswori Targ-

manis Sesaxeb;

_ gamomZieblis an prokuroris nebarTvis gareSe ar

gaamJRavnos winaswari gamoZiebis masalebi, agreTve cnobebi

moqalaqeTa piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb;

_ daicvas wesrigi saqmis winaswari gamoZiebisa da sasa-

marTlo sxdomis dros.

3. Tarjimans ufleba aqvs:

_ Targmanis dasazusteblad dausvas SekiTxvebi proce-

sis monawileebs;

_ gaecnos misi monawileobiT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo

moqmedebis oqms da sasamarTlo sxdomis oqms, gamoTqvas

SeniSvnebi, romlebic oqmSi unda iqnes Setanili;

_ uari Tqvas saqmis warmoebaSi monawileobaze, Tu

TargmnisaTvis saWiro codna ar gaaCnia_ procesSi monawile

pirebisatvis arakeTilsindisieri TargmniT zianis miyenebis

safrTxis gaTvaliswinebiT, vfiqrobT es Tarjimnis mova-

leoba da ara ufleba unda iyos.

eqspertieqsperti

eqspertad piris daniSnvisaTvis igi unda akmayofilebdes

or kriteriums:

1. unda hqondes specialuri codna _ specialuri

codna moicavs da SeiZleba exebodes nebismier sferos _

mecnierebas, teqnikas, xelovnebas, xelobis calkeul saxeebs.

aRniSnuli wesi ar exeba procesis mwarmoebel subieqtebs.

eqspertiza iniSneba imisadamiuxedavad aqvs Tu ara proce-

sis mwarmoebel pirs Sesabamisi specialuri codna (magal-

iTad, Tu prokurors aqvs imavdroulad qirurgis kvali-

fikacia) an Tundac licenzia.

2. unda muSaobdes saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi an hqondes

licenzia_ eqspertizas atarebs saeqsperto anda sxva

dawesebulebis, sawarmos, organizaciis specialisti anda

sxva mcodne piri, romelsac niSnavs gamomZiebeli an proku-

rori an romelsac anazRaurebiT moiwveven mxareebi.

sasamarTlo samedicino da kriminalistikur eqspert-

izas atarebs saeqsperto dawesebulebis, gansakurebul

SemTxvevaSi ki _ sxva dawesebulebis specialisti an

kerZo piri. safinanso-sabuRaltro eqspertizas atarebs

safinanso-sabuRaltro eqsperti. safinanso-sabuRaltro

eqspertad SeiZleba dainiSnos nebismieri piri, romelsac

aqvs specialuri codna da gamocdileba safinanso an sabu-

Raltro saqmianobaSi, rac dadasturebulia Sesabamis

dargSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis damadasturebeli

sabuTiT, Sesabamisi samuSao gamocdilebiT an Sesabamisi

dokumentiT (sertifikatiT). mas ara aqvs ufleba

monawileoba miiRos ss procesSi Tu meore mxaris moTx-

ovnis sapasuxod ver waradgens misi specialuri ganaTleb-

is anda samuSao gamocdilebis damadasturebel sabuTs an

sertifikats.

konkretuli piris eqspertad daniSnvamde an konkret-

uli saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi eqspertizis daniSnvamde

procesis mwarmoebeli piri unda dawmundes rom konkre-

tuli saeqsperto kvlevis Catarebis uflebamosileba,

teqnikuri SesaZlebloba da Sesabamisi codna gaaCnia konk-

retul saeqsperto dawesebulebas an Sesabamisad konkretul

304 305

eqsperts.

miuxedavd imisa, rom sssk iTvaliswinebs eqspertizis

daniSvnas saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi eqsperti SeiZleba

iyos mxolod fizikuri piri da ara saeqsperto daweseb-

uleba an iuridiuli piri.

eqsperti aris piri, romelsac aqvs specialuri codna

mecnierebis, teqnikis, xelovnebis an xelobis dargSi da

romelic gamomZiebelma, prokurorma an sasamarTlom, bral-

debulma, damcvelma, dazaralebulma daniSna specialuri

gamokvlevis Casatareblad da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze

saWiro garemoebaTa Sesaxeb daskvnis Sesadgenad.

eqspertad SeiZleba dainiSnos nebismieri piri, romel-

sac aqvs specialuri codna, muSaobs saeqsperto daweseb-

ulebaSi an aqvs licenzia.

eqspertis daskvna ar unda scildebodes eqspertis

specialuri codnis farglebs. Sesabamisad, dauSvebelia

saeqsperto kvlevis Catareba samarTlebriv sakiTxebze

(magaliTad braleulobis Tu udanaSaulobis, kvalifikaci-

is da a.S. sakiTxebi), rac specialurad sagamoZiebo da

sasamarTlo organoebis kompetenciaa. eqsperts ara aqvs

ufleba samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis gadawyvetisa (magaliTad

msjeloba, daskvna imis Taobaze adgili hqonda mkvlelobas

Tu TviTmkvleolobas) maSinac ki Tu aseTi sakiTxi mis

winaSe iqna dasmuli procesis mwarmoebeli organos an

procesis sxva monawilis mier. mas ufleba aqvs gadawyvitos

mxolod sakiTxebi, romlebic saWiroeben specialur codnas,

magaliTad dazianeba miyenebuli iqna dazaralebulis mier

Tu sxva piris mier, gardacvalebis mizezis dadgena da a.S

xolo kvalifikaciis sakiTxs eqspertis daskvnis da sxva

mtkicebulebTa safuZvelze wyvets procesis mwarmoebeli

piri. eqspertizis daniSvnis mizani SeiZleba iyos aseve

garkveuli specialuri wesebis dacvis sakiTxis dadgena_

magaliTad samSeneblo wesebis / normativebis, sabuRaltro

aRricxvis, moZraobis usafrTxoebis da aA.S.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi eqspertis mowvevis wina-

pirobaa:

1. faqtobrivi safuZvlebi _ sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze

ukve Sekrebili mtkicebulebebi, romlebic warmoSobs raime

faqtobrivi garemoebis gadamowmebis saWiroebas da amasTan

aseTi gadamowmebisaTvis aucilebelia mecnierebis, teqnikis

xelovnebis da sxva saTanado dargis specialistis mier

Sesabamisi kvlevis Catareba (daskvna).

eqsperizis Catarebis winapiroba ar SeiZleba iyos re-

vizia. eqspertizis daniSvnisa da CatarebisTvis aucilebeli

ar aris amave sakiTxze jer reviziis Catareba, Tumca akrZa-

lulic ar aris rom jer Catardes revizia da Semdeg _

eqspertiza im pirobiT rom eqspertizis Catarebis faqto-

brivi (mtkicebulebiTi) safuZveli ar iqneba mxolod re-

viziis aqti, xolo eqspertizis mizani _ mxolod reviziis

aqtiT dadgenili garemoebebis gadamowmeba.

ss procesSi eqspertis mowvevis mizania saeqsperto

kvlevis safuZvelze saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone gare-

moebebis dadgena.

2. formaluri safuZvlebi:

_ eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb gamomZieblis, proku-

roris, mosamarTlis dadgenileba;

_ mxaris SeTanxmeba eqspertTan /saeqsperto daweseb-

ulebasTan alternatiuli eqspertizis Catarebis Sesaxeb.

eqspertis daskvnis mopovebis ufleba aqvs mxaresac.

mxaris moTxovniT eqspertiza tardeba specialuri codnis

mqone pirTan da im dawesebulebasTan SeTanxmebiT, sadac

igi muSaobs. dacvis mier Catarebul eqspertizas saxelm-

306 307

wifo ar anazRaurebs. organom, romelic process awarmoebs,

mxares unda warudginos nivTieri mtkicebulebani da

saeqsperto gamokvlevis sxva obieqtebi, garda im SemTxveve-

bisa, roca isini unda gadaeces gamomZieblis, prokuroris

an sasamarTlos mier daniSnul eqsperts. mxares ufleba

aqvs moiTxovos saeqsperto komisiis Seqmna, romlis Semad-

genlobaSic SeiZleba Sevides mis mier SeTavazebuli

eqsperti. am SemTxvevaSi mxare eqspertis daskvnas warudgens

gamomZiebels, prokurors an sasamarTlos da moiTxovs mis

monawileobas saqmis Semdgom warmoebaSi.

eqsperti valdebulia:

a) gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos

gamoZaxebiT; _ procesis mwarmoebeli organos moTxovna

eqspertad daniSnuli piris gamoZaxebis da mis mier eqsper-

tizis Catarebis Sesaxeb savaldebuloa Sesasruleblad

specialuri codnis mqone pirisatvis, aseve Sesabamisi

dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelisaTvis, sadac muSaobs es piri.

amasTan, eqspertis mier gamocxadebaze an masze dakisrebu-

li movaleobis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi mas

daekisreba fuladi jarima 500 laris odenobiT. misi xe-

lmeored arasaptio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi

igi iZulebiT iqneba moyvanili, rac mas ar anTavisuflebs

gamoucxadeblobisaTvis dakisrebuli 500 laramde odenobis

jarimis gadaxdis movaleobisagan.

b) misces Cveneba Catarebul eqspertizasTan dakavSire-

biT winaswari gamoZiebisas an sasamarTlo ganxilvis

dros;

g) misces dasabuTebuli da obieqturi werilobiTi

daskvna dasmul sakiTxebze-eqsperti daskvnas iZleva saku-

Tari saxeliT da Tavisi Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze Dda

piradad ekisreba pasuxismgebloba gacemuli daskvnis sis-

woreze. E yalbi daskvnisaTvis eqsperti pasuxs agebs

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e muxliT-

eqspertis Tavisufldeba sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismge-

blobisagan Tu igi winaswari gamoZiebis procesSi, an gan-

aCenis an sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde

nebayoflobiT ganucxadebs mis mier yalbi daskvnis micemis

Sesaxeb procesis mwarmoebel organos.

eqsperti daskvnas adgens mis mier ganxorcielebuli

kvlevis Sedegad. eqsperti iZleva daskvnas im sakiTxebze

romelTa dasadgenad saWiroa ara mxolod specialuri

codnis qona, aramed specialuri codnis gamoyenebiT kvle-

vis Catareba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Tu sakiTxis gadasaw-

yvetad sakmarisia mxolod specialuri codna, eqspertiza

ar iniSneba da eqsperti ar moiwveva. magaliTad garkveuli

nivTierebis dnobis temperatura, avtosatransporto saSu-

alebis konkretuli markis Tavisebureba da a.S) dgindeba

ara saeqsperto kvlevis ganxorcielebis gziT, aramed Se-

sabamisi dawesebulebidan informaciis gamoTxovis an mow-

meTa dakiTxvis gziT. swored amiT gansxvavdeba eqsperti

specialistisagan.

d) kanoniT dadgenili wesiT daicvas da daabrunos kv-

levis obieqtebi;

e) procesis mwarmoebeli organos nebarTvis gareSe ar

gaamJRavnos winaswari gamoZiebis masalebi da cnobebi mo-

qalaqeTa piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb, romlebic misTvis

cnobili gaxda;

v) ganacxados TviTacileba, Tu arsebobs 106-e muxlSi

miTiTebuli safuZveli.

eqspertis mier gacemuli daskvnis obieqturobis da

miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT sssk iTvaliwinebs

eqspertis acilebas im SemTxvevaSi Tu:

308 309

1. gamovlinda misi profesiuli arakompetenturoba_ Tu

gamokvlevis dawyebamde eqsperti darwmunda rom mis

winaSe dasmuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetisaTvis mas ar

hyofnis codna man unda Seadginos aqti eqspertizis

Catarebis SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb da gaugzavnos eqsper-

tizis damniSvnel pirs.

2. igi samsaxurebrivad an sxvagvarad aris damokidebuli

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi monawile amaTuim pirze;

3. mas naTesauri kavSiri aqvs maTTan.

eqspertis saxiT ar unda iyos mowveuli arc is piri

visac konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi monawile

pirTan piradi, samsaxurebrivi Tu sxvagvari damokideb-

ulebis gamo SeuZliaT procesis mwarmoebel organos

miawodon informacia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone gare-

moebebze da Sesabamisad SeiZleba mowveuli iqnen mowmis

saxiT. magaliTad, dazaralebulis mkurnali eqimi (mkvlelo-

bis an sxeulis dazianebis saqmeze). igi SeiZleba mowveuli

iqnes mowmed, magram miyenebuli dazianebebis xaisTis,

simZimis, maTi warmoSobis da a.S. saeqsperto kvlevisaTvis

mowveuli unda iqnes sxva piri.

rogorc wesi, eqspertTa saqmeSi mowvevamde ara aqvs

da arc unda hqondes informacia im saqmis garemoebebis

Taobaze, romelTan dakavSirebiTac awarmoebs eqspertizas.

igi am garemoebebs ecnoba saqmeSi mowvevis Semdeg da im

moculobiT rac mas sWirdeba daskvnisaTvis.

eqsperts ufleba aqvs:

a) gaecnos eqspertizisaTvis saWiro saqmis masalebs da

amoiweros saWiro cnobebi an gadaiRos aslebi;

b) moiTxovos damatebiTi masalebis wardgena_ eqsperts

ara aqvs ufleba TviTon Seagrovos kvlevis obieqtebi

da masalebi. aseTis saWiroebisas man unda ganacxados

Suamdgomloba procesis mwarmoebeli Sesabamisi piris/

organos winaSe.

g) uari Tqvas daskvnis micemaze an eqspertizis Semdgom

gagrZelebaze, Tu dasmuli sakiTxebi scildeba misi

specialuri codnis farglebs an Tu misTvis wardge-

nili masalebi sakmarisi ar aris daskvnis misacemad;

d) gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis)

nebarTviT daeswros sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebas

da dasakiTx pirebs dausvas SekiTxvebi, romlebic eqsper-

tizis sagans ganekuTvneba;

e) sasamarTlo sxdomaze monawileoba miiRos eqspertizis

sagans mikuTvnebul mtkicebulebaTa kvlevaSi da sasa-

marTlos nebarTviT SekiTxvebi dausvas dasakiTx

pirebs;

v) Camoayalibos daskvna ara marto dasmul sakiTxebze,

aramed eqspertizis sagans mikuTvnebul sxva sakiTxebze-

dac, romelTa gamoc misTvis ar dausvamT kiTxvebi;

z) Seadginos daskvna da misces Cveneba mSobliur enaze, Tu

man ar icis samarTalwarmoebis ena, isargeblos Tar-

jimnis momsaxurebiT;

T) gamomZieblis moqmedebebi da dadgenilebebi gaasaCivros

prokurorTan, xolo prokuroris moqmedeba – zemdgom

prokurorTan;

i) gaecnos sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmis im nawils, romelic

mis mier Catarebul eqspertizas exeba, da moiTxovos

masSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setana;

k) gaakeTos gancxadeba misi daskvnis araswori interpre-

taciis Sesaxeb.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi eqspertis samarTlebrivi

statusi garkveulwilad moicavs mowmis da specialistis

niSnebsac, magram imavdroulad mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba

310 311

maTgan: eqspertis dakiTxvisas marTalia masze vrcelde-

boda mowmis dakiTxvisaTvis dadgenili wesebi, magram

dakiTxvis sagani gansxvavebulia-erT SemTxvevaSi es aris

mowmisaTvis cnobili garemoebebi, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi

eqspertis mier warmoebuli kvleva. mowmis procesSi

mowveva xdeba imisaTvis rom procesis mwarmoebel organos

Seatyobinos misTvis cnobili saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone

garemoebebi, eqsperti saqmesTan dakavSirebul informacias

iRebs procesis mwarmoebeli organosgan procesSi misi

mowvevis Semdeg. mowme procesis Seucvleli subieqtia,

eqsperti-ara. miuxedavad imisa, rom eqsperti iseve rogorc

specialisti specialuri codnis mqone piria, procesSi

maTi monawileobis miznebi gansxvavebulia. specialistis

mizania daxmareba aRmouCinos procesis mwarmoebel organos

mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCenaSi, damagrebaSi da demonstrire-

baSi. xolo eqspertis-saeqsperto kvlevis gziT daskvnis

micema mis winaSe dasmul sakiTxebze.

specialistispecialisti

specialisti saWiro daxmarebas uwevs gamomZiebels,

prokurorsa da sasamarTlos mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCenaSi,

damagrebasa da demonstrirebaSi. magaliTad nimuSis aReba

saeqsperto kvlevisaTvis. specialistad SeiZleba gamoiZax-

on kriminalisti, eqimi, fsiqologi, pedagogi da sxva

pirebi, romlebsac aqvT saWiro codna da Cvevebi. magaliTad

dros teqnikuri aparaturis (magnitofoni, videomagnito-

foni, foto- da video-, sxva aparatebi) gamoyenebis mizniT

SeiZleba gamoiZaxon specialist-operatori.

specialisti SeiZleba mowveul iqnes Sesabamisi dawese-

bulebidan. am SemTxvevaSi dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli

gascems gankargulebas imis Taobaze, Tu am dawesebulebis

TanamSromelTagan romeli unda gaigzavnos specialistad,

rasac acnobebs gamomZiebels, prokurors an sasamarTlos.

specialisti valdebulia:

_ gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos

gamoZaxebiT;

_ monawileoba miiRos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-

basa da sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi;

_ gamoiyenos samecniero-teqnikuri saSualebebi, spe-

cialuri codna da gamocdileba mtkicebulebaTa aRmo-

Cenisa da damagrebisaTvis;

_ gamomZieblis, prokurorisa da sasamarTlos yuradReba

miapyros garemoebebs, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmeze

WeSmaritebis dasadgenad, misces ganmartebani mis mier Ses-

rulebul moqmedebaTa gamo;


gaamJRavnos winaswari gamoZiebis masalebi, agreTve cnobebi

moqalaqeTa piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb;

_ daicvas wesrigi saqmis winaswari gamoZiebisa da sasa-

marTlo sxdomis dros.

Tu specialisti uars ityvis an Tavs aaridebs Tavis

movaleobaTa Sesrulebas arasapatio mizeziT, mas SeiZleba

daekisros fuladi saxdeli 203-e muxliT dadgenili

wesiT.

specialists ufleba aqvs:

_ gaecnos sagamoZiebo moqmedebisa da sasamarTlo ganx-

ilvis oqmebs;

_ icodes, ra mizniT gamoiZaxes igi;

_ uari ganacxados saqmeSi monawileobaze, Tu ar gaaCnia

saTanado codna;

_ oqmSi Sesatanad gaakeTos gancxadeba da SeniSvna im

312 313

saproceso moqmedebaze, romlis CatarebaSic igi monawileob-

da;

_ gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis nebarTviT

SekiTxvebi dausvas sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebasa da

sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi monawile pirebs;

_ mowmesTan SedarebiT eqsperts sisxlis samarTlis

procesSi ufro aqtiuri procesualuri mdgomareoba ukavia.

Mmas ufleba aqvs gaecnos gaecnos sagamoZiebo moqmedebisa

da sasamarTlo ganxilvis oqmebs

sssk iTvalisiwnebs specialistis acilebis safuZvlebs,

romlis Tanaxmad, specialists ufleba ara aqvs monawileo-

ba miiRos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi, roca:

_ samsaxurebrivad an sxvagvarad damokidebulia saqmeSi

monawile ama Tu im pirze an/da naTesauri urTierToba aqvs

masTan.

_ Tu gamovlindeba maTi profesiuli arakompetentur-

oba.

damswredamswre

sssk 44-e muxlis Tanaxmad damswre aris eWvmitanilis,

braldebulis an gansasjelis, aseve sss kodeqsiT pirdapir

dadgenil SemTxvevebSi mowveuli piri.

procesSi damswris saxiT mosawvevi piris SerCevis

ufleba eniWeba eWvnitanils, braldebls, gansasjels, aseve

pirs romelic ar aris eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasa-

jeli, magram SeiZleba Seexos Sesabamisi sagamoZiebo moq-

medeba (magaliTad Cxreka, amoReba) maT ufleba aqvT uari

ganacxadon damswris mowvevaze.

damswre ar SeiZleba SerCeuli iqnes procesis mwar-

moebeli piris mier. damswred ar SeiZleba mowveuli iqnes

is piri, romelsac sssk miniWebuli aqvs ufleba ar misces

Cveneba eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis sawinaaRm-

degod. kerZod, mSobeli, Svilad mayvani, da, Zma, Svili,

Svilobili, papa, bebia, SviliSvili, meuRle (ganqorwineb-

ulic).

damswre moiwveva Cxrekis, amoRebis an SemTxvevis adgi-

lis daTvalierebis Catarebis faqtis, mimdinareobisa da

Sedegebis dasadastureblad, agreTve sssk pirdapir dadge-

nil SemTxvevebSi.

eWvmitanils, braldebuls an gansasjels Sesabamisi

sagamoZiebo moqmedebis dawyebamde moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi,

damswris mosawvevad miecema gonivruli vada, magram aranak-

leb erTi saaTisa. magram gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi, Tundac

piri iTxovdes damswris mowvevas, sagamoZiebo moqmedebis

Catareba SesaZlebelia damswris gareSe. aseT SemTxvevaSi

sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmSi unda aRiniSnos rom piri iTx-

ovda damswris mowvevas, magram mas uari eTqva gadaudebeli

aucileblobis safuZvliT. sssk gadaudebeli aucileblobis

SemTxvevebs akuTvnebs viTarebas, rodesac arsebobs:

_ adamianis sicocxlis xelyofis;

_ adamianis janmrTelobis xelyofis;

_ mtkicebulebaTa dazianeba-ganadgurebis;

_ mtkicebulebaTa gadamalvis realuri safrTxe; an

_ sss kodeqsiT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebul SemTxveveb-

Si.

safrTxis aRmofxvrisTanave eWvmitanili da braldebu-

li, kvlav sargebloben damswris mowvevis uflebiT. magal-

iTad Cxrekis/amoRebis SemTxvevaSi _ Sesabamisi sagnis da-

Zebnvis da amoRebis Semdeg sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmSi

kvlav unda dafiqsirdes piris pozicia damswris mowvevas-

Tan dakavSirebiT.

314 315

damswre valdebulia:


baSi;

_ sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmze xelmoweriT daadas-

turos am moqmedebis Catarebis faqti, misi mimdinareoba

da Sedegebi;


gaamJRavnos winaswari gamoZiebis masalebi.

Tu damswre uars ityvis an Tavs aaridebs Tavis mova-

leobaTa Sesrulebas arasapatio mizeziT, mas SeiZleba

daekisros fuladi jarima 500 laramde odenobiT. damswre

SeiZleba daikiTxos, rogorc mowme, im sagamoZiebo moqmede-

bis CatarebasTan dakavSirebul garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romel-

Sic igi monawileobda. am SemTxvevaSi mas aqvs mowmis

ufleba-movaleobebi magram mowmisagan gansxvavebiT.

damswres ufleba aqvs:


baSi;

_ gaakeTos gancxadeba sagamoZiebo moqmedebis gamo da

gamoTqvas SeniSvna, romelic oqmSi unda iqnes Setanili;

_ gaecnos misi monawileobiT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo

moqmedebis oqms.

$11. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobis $11. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobis

gamomricxavi garemoebani. acilebagamomricxavi garemoebani. acileba

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi im garemoebebis arseboba,

romlebic gamoricxaven procesSi garkveuli subieqtebis

monawileobas _ uzrunvelyofen sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

srulyofilad, yovelmxriv da obieqturad gamoZiebas da

sasamarTloSi ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas. saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 105-e muxlis Ta-

naxmad: `mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli an sasa-

marTlo sxdomis mdivani monawileobas ver miiRebs sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi, Tu qvemoT CamoTvlili ga-

remoebebidan erT-erTi mainc aris saxeze. magaliTad:

a) igi ar iyo Tanamdebobaze daniSnuli an arCeuli

kanoniT dadgenili wesiT; aq igulisxmeba is garemoeba,

rodesac mosamarTles, prokurors, gamomZiebels ar hqonda

umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba, ar CaubarebiaT sakvali-

fikacio gamocdebi, an ar floben saxelmwifo enas. daniS-

nuli an arCeuli iyvnen arakompetenturi organos an pire-

bis mier, mosamarTles an gnebavT prokurors gauvidaT

uflebamosilebis vada da a.S. rac Seexeba sasamarTlo sx-

domis mdivans, misi monawileoba gamoiricxeba sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesSi Tu igi ar aris daniSnuli kompetenturi

Tanamdebobis piris mier (Sesabamisi sasamarTlos Tavmjdo-

mare).

b) saqme ar aris am prokuroris an gamomZieblis qvemde-

bare anda sasamarTlos gansjadi; aq saubaria garemoebaze,

rodesac sisxlis samarTlis saqme qvemdabarea prokuraturis

gamomZieblis, magaliTad: sisxlis samarTlis saqme saqarT-

velos prezidentis mier Cadenili danaSaulis Taobaze, an

saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris mier Cadenili danaSaulis

316 317

Taobaze, an saqarTvelos mTavrobis wevris mier Cadenili

danaSaulis Taobaze da a.S. da masze gamoZiebas daiwyebs

saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministros an saqarTvelos ius-

ticiis saministros sagamoZiebo danayofis gamomZiebeli, aseve

saproceso xelmZRvanelobas ganaxorcielebs is prokurori,

romelic ar iyo uflebamosili aRniSnul saqmeze yofiliyo

prokurori. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadia

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi mis samoqmedo teritoriaze

Cadenil yvela kategoriis danaSaulze. magaliTad, danaSauli,

romelic moxda siRnaRis raionis teritoriaze, sisxlis

samarTlis saqme unda ganixilos siRnaRis raionis sasamarT-

lom da ara gurjaanis raionis sasamarTlom da a.S.

g) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi ver miiRebs

monawileobas mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasa-

marTlo sxdomis mdivani, Tu isini mocemul saqmeSi

monawileoben an winaT monawileobdnen, rogorc eWvmita-

nili, braldebuli, damcveli, dazaralebuli, samoqalaqo

mosarCele, samoqalaqo mopasuxe, eqsperti, specialisti,

Tarjimani, damswre, mowme, anda braldebulis, eWvmitanilis,

dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis an samoqalaqo mo-

pasuxis kanonieri warmomadgeneli. kanonmdeblis aRniSnuli

akrZalva ver miiRos mosamarTlem, prokurorma, gamomZie-

belma, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivanma sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi monawileoba (e.i. ganxorcieldes maTi acileba), Tu

isini aRniSnuli CamonaTvalis romelime saxiT iReben an

iRebdnen monawileobas saqmeSi misaRebia, ramdenadac igi

nasazrdoebia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis miukerZoeblad

gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi ganxilvis interesebiT.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi garantirebuli unda iyos

mosamarTlis damoukidebloba da miukerZoebloba marTlm-

sajulebis ganxorcielebis dros, amave dros Tavisi sap-

roceso saqmianobis dros miukerZoebloba da obieqturoba

unda SeinarCunon prokurormac, gamomZiebelmac, sasamarTlo

sxdomis mdivanmac. nebismieri garemoeba, romelic eWvis qveS

ayenebs zemoT xsenebuli pirebis miukerZoeblobas, obieq-

turobas, safuZveli unda gaxdes maTi acilebisa, sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis warmoebidan Camocilebisa.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi principulad miuRebelia

procesis romelime monawilem, mniSvneloba ara aqvs es

iqneba mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo

sxdomis mdivani SeiTavsos sxvadasxva saproceso roli. ase

magaliTad, Tu piri monawileobs an winaT monawileobda

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, rogorc eqsperti, special-

isti, an dazaralebuli, samoqalaqo mosarCele an samo-

qalaqo mopasuxe da a.S. is imave saqmeze ver iqneba gamomZie-

beli da veRar ganaxorcielebs gamoZiebis funqcias, aseve,

ver iqneba prokurori da veRar ganaxorcielebs sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi devnis funqcias, iseve rogorc, ver iqneba

mosamarTle da ver ganaxorcielebs marTlmsajulebas, aseve,

ver iqneba mocemul saqmeze sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivanic.

ufro metic, Tu piri Semswre iyo danaSaulis faqtisa,

magram igi ar daukiTxavT rogorc mowme, mas ar SeuZlia

mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze iyos gamomZiebeli,

prokurori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani, imi-

tom, rom rCeba albaToba imisa, gamoiZaxon da dakiTxon,

mowmis statusiT.

d) mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo

sxdomis mdivani ver miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

warmoebaSi monawileobas (moxdeba acileba) Tu mas aqvs

naTesauri, megobruli an sxva axlobluri urTierToba

saqmis mwarmoebel Tanamdebobis pirTan an saqmeSi monawile

eWvmitanilTan, braldebulTan, damcvelTan, dazaralebul-

318 319

Tan, samoqalaqo mosarCelesTan, samoqalaqo mopasuxesTan,

eqspertTan, specialistTan, TarjimanTan, damswresTan,

mowmesTan, anda braldebulis, eWvmitanilis, dazaralebu-

lis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis, samoqalaqo mopasuxis kanon-

ier warmomadgenelTan. aseve, Tu naTesauri an sxva ax-

lobluri erTierToba aqvT erTmaneTSi sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi monawile mosamarTles, prokurors, gamomZiebels,

sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivans. naTesauri kavSiris arseboba

zemoT CamoTvlil subieqtebs Soris seriozuli safuZvelia

imisaTvis, rom eWvi gaCndes mosamarTlis, prokuroris,

gamomZieblis, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis miukerZoebloba-

Si, obieqturobaSi. miuxedavad imisa, isini Sinaganad Sei-

Zleba sulac ar fiqrobdnen saqmis mikerZoebulad gadaw-

yvetas. kanonmdeblis mxridan naTesaoba farTodaa gagebuli,

igi ar aris SezRuduli axlo naTesavebis wriT. masSi

moiazreba nebismieri xarisxis naTesauri kavSiri.

mosamarTlis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis, sasamarTlo

sxdomis mdivnis mimarT, rodesac eWvi Cndeba maTi miuker-

Zoeblobisa da obieqturobis Sesaxeb, megobruli an sxva

axlobluri urTierTobis gamo, acilebis (TviTacilebis)

sakiTxi moiTxovs gansakuTrebul dasabuTebas. megobrul

urTierTobaSi naTelia rac igulisxmeba, sxva axloblur

urTierTobaSi igulisxmeba zemoT aRniSnul subieqtebs

Soris xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi ojaxebiT axlob-

loba, an saswavlo dawesebulebaSi erTad swavla da a.S.

e) aris sxva garemoebebi, romlebic eWvs badebs mosa-

marTlis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis, sasamarTlo sxdomis

mdivnis obieqturobasa da miukerZoeblobaSi. aseTi gare-

moebebi SeiZleba uamravi iyos, Znelia maTi amomwuravad

CamoTvla. garkveul maTganze SeiZleba gakeTdes aqcenti.

magaliTad, es SeiZleba iyos saqmeSi monawile pirisadmi

mosamarTlis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis, sasamarTlo sx-

domis mdivnis nacnoboba, amxanagoba, an piriqiT mtruli

damokidebuleba (warsulSi mosamarTles konfliqti hqonda

saqmeSi monawile dazaralebulTan, an saqmeSi monawile

prokurors da imave saqmeSi braldebul pirovnebas erTi

gogo uyvardaT da is gogo colad gahyva braldebuls da

a.S.). TavianTi saproceso saqmianobis dros mosamarTles,

prokurors, gamomZiebels, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivans

sifrTxile marTebT. ase magaliTad, marTlmsajulebis in-

teresebidan gamomdinare, mosamarTlem sasamarTloSi saqmis

ganxilvis dros Tavi unda Seikavos yovelgvari Sefasebe-

bisagan da daskvnebisagan, raTa romelime mxares safuZveli

ar gauCndes mosamarTle miiCnios araobieqturad da miuk-

erZoeblad. Tu mosamarTle sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi

ganxilvis dros akeTebs daskvnebs, iZleva Sefasebebs, es

usaTuod gaxdeba misi acilebis safuZveli.


105-e muxlis meore da mesame nawilSi kanonmdebeli sau-

brobs kidev iseTi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romelTa arsebobis

SemTxvevaSidac mosamarTle monawileobas ver miiRebs sisx-

lis samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi. kerZod ki, Tu mosa-

marTle winaT monawileobas iRebda sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis warmoebaSi, rogorc gamomZiebeli, prokurori an

sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani, es ukve safuZvelia imisa, rom

man imave saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileoba ver miiRos (moxdes

acileba an TviTacileba), rogorc mosamarTlem.

aseve, Tu mosamarTle monawileobda pirveli instanci-

is sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis arsebiT ganx-

ilvaSi, igi monawileobas ver miiRebs meore instanciis

sasamarTloSi an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa da axlad

gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo imave saqmis ganxilvaSi.

320 321

zemoT aRniSnuli miTiTebebi, romelTa arsebobis SemTx-

vevaSi mosamarTle monawileobas ver iRebs sisxlis samar-

Tlis ganxilvaSi, nakarnaxevia saqmis miukerZoeblad ganx-

ilvis interesebiT. saqme imaSia, rom Tu mosamarTlem

gansaxilvel sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT

erTxel mainc gamoTqva Tavisi Sexeduleba, met-naklebad

erTguli rCeba winandeli Sexedulebisa gadasawyvet sakiTx-

Tan dakavSirebiT. aris pirovnuli momentic, xSirad adami-

ans uWirs Secdomis aRiareba.

Tumca garkveul SemTxvevaSi, kanonmdebeli SesaZleblad

miiCnevs mosamarTlis monawileobas erTsa da imave sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis ganxilvaSi. magaliTad, mosamarTlem

monawileoba miiRo saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganxilvaSi, es

garemoeba ar gamoricxavs mis monawileobas imave saqmis

ganxilvaSi saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos did pal-

ataSi. aseve, mosamarTlis monawileobas sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis ganxilvaSi ver Seabrkolebs (ar iqneba acileba,

TviTacilebis safuZveli) is garemoeba, Tu imave saqmeze

winaswari gamoZiebisas gadawyvita braldebulis mimarT

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZiebis

gamoyenebis sakiTxi (mag. dapatimrebis, giraos da a.S.), an

sasamarTlo kontrols daqvemdebarebuli sagamoZiebo moq-

medebebis (Cxreka, amoReba, sacxovrebeli binis an sxva

mflobelobis daTvaliereba) Casatareblad gasca nebarTva

(brZaneba). igulisxmeba, rom zemoT xsenebuli sakiTxebis

gadawyvetisas mosamarTle saqmes arsebiTad ar ganixilavs,

ar gamoTqvams azrs konkretuli piris braluelobis Ses-

axeb.

prokurorTan mimarTebaSi kanonmdebeli saqarTvelos


meoTxe nawilSi SeniSnavs, rom: `prokuroris mier Tavisi

funqciebis ganxorcieleba samarTalwarmoebis arc erT

stadiaze ar abrkolebs am saqmeSi mis Semdgom monawileobas~,

rac sworia da logikuri. ramdenadac prokurori konkre-

tul pirovnebas usabuTebs ra wardgenil braldebas, ga-

naxorcielebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis funqcias, mas

mosamarTlis msgavsad ar moeTxoveba gaurbodes sakuTari

azrebis gamoTqmas saqmis saboloo gadawyvetamde. mTavaria,

rom braldebis Taobaze sakuTari azris gamoTqmis dros,

prokurori xelmZRvanelobdes arabraleulobis (udanaSau-

lobis) prezumfciis principiT.

rac Seexeba gamomZiebels, igi monawileobas ver miiRebs

im saqmis warmoebaSi, romelic mis mier iqna gamoZiebuli

da dabrunda damatebiTi gamoZiebisaTvis, Tu amas ganCinebiT

(dadgenilebiT) aucileblad miiCnevs sasamarTlo (mosa-

marTle), an Tu aseT gadawyvetilebas miiRebs prokurori.

gamomZiebels Tavisi saproceso mdgomareobidan gamomdinare

SeuZlia sakmaod didi zemoqmedeba moaxdinos sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqmis gamoZiebis mimdinareobaze da Sedegze, ami-

tom misi obieqturobisa da miukerZoeblobis SesanarCune-

blad gamomZieblis acilebis institutis arseboba mniS-

vnelovani saproceso garantiaa gamoZiebisa da saerTod

sisxlis samarTlis procesis kanonierad warmoebisaTvis.


106-e muxli gvawodebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi eqspertis,

specialistis an Tarjimnis monawileobis gamomricxvel ga-

remoebebs. eqsperti an specialisti ver miiRebs monawileobas

(misi acilebis, TviTacilebis safuZveli iqneba) sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis warmoebaSi, roca igi samsaxurebrivad an

sxvagvarad damokidebulia saqmeSi monawile ama Tu im pirze

an/da naTesauri urTierToba aqvs masTan. aqve SeiZleba dauma-

toT, rom eqspertis acilebis safuZveli unda gaxdes isic,

322 323

rodesac eqspertizas atarebs im saeqsperto dawesebulebis

eqsperti, romlis xelmZRvanelic dainteresebulia sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis mimdinareobiT. eqspertis, specialistis

acilebis safuZvelia isic, Tu gamovlindeba maTi profesi-

uli arakompetenturoba.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi ver miiRebs monawileobas

safinanso-sabuRaltro eqsperti, Tu meore mxaris moTxovnis

sapasuxod is ver waradgens misi specialuri ganaTlebis

an/da samuSao gamocdilebis damadasturebel sabuTs an

Sesabamis dokuments (sertifikats). am SemTxvevaSi, safin-

anso-sabuRaltro eqspertis daskvna da Cveneba dauSvebel

mtkicebulebad CaiTvleba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsis 111-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `g~

qvepunqtis safuZvelze.

pirisaTvis, romelic Cabmulia sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi, Znelia daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da kanonieri in-

teresebi, rodesac ar icis an saTanadod ar icis samar-

Talwarmoebis ena. aqedan gamomdinare naTlad Cans, ramdenad

mniSvnelovania Tarjimnis mxridan Tavisi movaleobis

keTilsindisierad Sesruleba. saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-

Tlis saproceso kodeqsis 106-e muxlis meore nawili

procesis monawiles aZlevs SesaZleblobas Tu gamovlin-

deba Tarjimnis profesiuli arakompetenturoba ganaxor-

cielos misi acileba. kargi iqneboda kanonmdebels Tar-

jimnis acilebis safuZvlad, aseve daesaxelebina Tarjimnis

dainteresebuloba saqmis SedegiT. ra Tqma unda Tarjimnis

acilebis (TviTacilebis) safuZvelia Tu igi saTanadod ar

flobs enas.


107-e muxli iTvaliswinebs damcvelis, dazaralebulis,

samoqalaqo mosarCelis an samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmomad-

genlis acilebis safuZvlebs. kerZod ki, naTqvamia, rom

xsenebuli pirebi ver miiReben monawileobas sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqmis warmoebaSi, Tu:

a) romelime maTgani winaT monawileobda imave saqmeSi,

rogorc mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo

sxdomis mdivani, mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani

an damswre;

b) romelime maTgans naTesauri urTierToba aqvs mosa-

marTlesTan, prokurorTan, gamomZiebelTan, an sasamarTlo

sxdomis mdivanTan, romelic monawileobda an monawileobs

am saqmis gamoZiebasa Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi, anda pir-

Tan, romlis interesebic ewinaaRmdegeba procesis im

monawilis interesebs da romelmac masTan dado SeTanx-

meba iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevis Sesaxeb;

g) romelime maTgans ukavia mosamarTlis, prokuroris

an gamomZieblis Tanamdeboba, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca

igi Sromisuunaro piris kanonieri warmomadgenelia, anda

roca dawesebuleba, romelSic igi muSaobs, cnobilia samo-

qalaqo mosarCeled an samoqalaqo mopasuxed da is am

dawesebulebis warmomadgenlad gamodis;

d) romelime maTgani daxmarebas uwevs an winaT uwevda

pirs, romlis intresebic ewinaaRmdegeba mis mier dasacavi

braldebulis, eWvmitanilis, dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo

mosarCelis an samoqalaqo mopasuxis interesebs, romlis

warmomadgenelic is aris;

e) dasacavi piri (marwmunebeli) uars ambobs dacvaze

(warmomadgenlobaze) da uari miRebulia.

damcveli, dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis,

samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmomadgeneli icavs ra Tavisi

klientis (dasacavi piris, marwmuneblis) kanonier inter-

esebs, uwevs mas kvalificirebul iuridiul daxmarebas,

324 325

moeTxoveba iyos obieqturi da garkveulwilad Tavisu-

falic. am TavisuflebaSi igulisxmeba is, rom damcveli da

zemoT dasaxelebuli subieqtebis warmomadgeneli SeboWili

ar unda iyos mis mier dasacavi eWvmitanilis, braldebulis,

dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis, samoqalaqo mopa-

suxis mowinaaRmdege mxaris interesebiT. ase magaliTad,

damcveli, romelmac ikisra valdebuleba sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi daicvas braldebulis kanonieri interesebi, gamov-

linda rom, igi aris amave saqmeSi dazaralebulis biZaS-

vili, an/da amave sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze dazaralebuls

uwevs an winaT uwevda iuridiul daxmarebas. xsenebuli

garemoebebi damcvels warmoaCens, saproceso saqmianobaSi

SeboWilad da araobieqturad. saboloo jamSi ki, yovelive

es Searyevs ndobis faqtors damcvelsa da mis dasacav

pirovnebas Soris. gaCndeba bzari, eWvi maT urTierTobaSi,

rac gaxdeba damcvelis acilebis safuZveli.

acilebisa da TviTacilebis gancxadebisa acilebisa da TviTacilebis gancxadebisa

da gadawyvetis wesida gadawyvetis wesi

Tuki saxeze iqneba mosamarTlis, prokuroris, gamomZie-

blis, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis, eqspertis, specialis-

tis, Tarjimnis, damcvelis, samoqalaqo mosarCelisa da

samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmomadgenlebis sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi monawileobis gamomricxavi garemoebani valdeb-

ulni arian ganacxadon TviTacileba. TviTacileba gancxa-

debuli unda iyos sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis

nebismier etapze, rodesac pirisTvis cnobili gaxdeba im

garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romelic ukrZalavs sisxlis samarT-

lis saqmeSi monawileobas. Tu zemoT CamoTvlili pirebi

ar ganacxadeben TviTacilebas, maSin maT acilebas moiTxoven

saqmeSi monawile pirebi. procesis mwarmoebel pirebsac

aqvT ufleba, miscen erTmaneTs acileba. gancxadeba ac-

ilebis Sesaxeb unda iyos dasabuTebuli. e.i. miTiTebuli

unda iyos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT gaT-

valiswinebul garemoebaze, romelic gamoricxavs piris

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi monawileobas da es garemoeba

iyos axsnili. pirs, romelsac acileba ganucxades ufleba

aqvs acilebis sakiTxis ganxilvamde misces ganmarteba. mo-

cemuli msjelobidan gamomdinare SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

sisxlis samarTlis procesi icnobs saqmisagan piris

Camocilebis or gzas: TviTacilebasTviTacilebas da acilebas.acilebas.

modiT ganvixiloT, rogoria mosamarTlis acilebis wesi.

am wesis Sesaxeb informacias gvaZlevs saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 108-e muxlis meoTxe nawili.

saidanac vgebulobT, rom: Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmes

erTpirovnulad ganixilavs mosamarTle da mas ganucxades

acileba, acilebis sakiTxs wyvets TviTonve, saqmis ganmx-

ilveli mosamarTle. acilebis gancxadebis dakmayofilebis

SemTxvevaSi mosamarTle saqmes gadascems sasamarTlos Tav-

mjdomares, romelic saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems sxva

mosamarTles. Tu acileba misces im sasamarTlos mosa-

marTles, sadac ar aris am saqmis ganmxilveli sxva mosa-

marTle, sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare saqmes gadaugzavnis

zemdgom sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares. xolo im SemTxvevaSi

ki, rodesac sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs mosa-

marTleTa kolegiuri Semadgenloba da acileba ganucxades

romelime mosamarTles, misi acilebis sakiTxs gadawyveten

danarCeni mosamarTleebi im mosamarTlis dauswreblad,

romelsac acileba misces. aris SemTxveva, roca acilebas

ganucxadeben mosamarTleTa umravlesobas an sasamarTlos

mTel Semadgenlobas. am dros acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvets

326 327

sasamarTlo mTeli SemadgenlobiT, xmebis umravlesobiT.

sasamarTlo praqtika icnobs SemTxvevas, rodesac ac-

ilebas aZleven raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mTel

Semadgenlobas. am dros sisxlis samarTlis saqme, imave

donis sxva sasamarTloSi warmarTvis sakiTxis gadasaw-

yvetad, gadaecema Sesabamisi saapelacio sasamarTlos Tav-

mjdomares, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Sesvlidan

5 dReSi wyvets aRniSnul sakiTxs.

Tu acilebis safuZvlebi gamovlindeba, acileba SeiZle-

ba gamoecxados saapelacio sasamarTlos mTel Semadgen-

lobasac. aseT SemTxvevaSi sisxlis samarTlis saqme, imave

donis sxva sasamarTloSi warmarTvis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad

gadaecema saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares,

romelic sakiTxs gadawyvets saqmis Sesvlidan 5 dRis gan-

mavlobaSi.

Tuki gamovlindeba sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis ac-

ilebis safuZvlebi, mas acileba SeiZleba misces procesis

nebismierma monawilem. misi acilebis sakiTxi Semdegnairad

gadawydeba: a) Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs

mosamarTleTa kolegiuri Semadgenloba, sasamarTlo sx-

domis mdivnis acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvets sasamarTlo

mTeli SemadgenlobiT, xmebis umravlesobiT; b) Tu sisxlis

samarTlis saqmes ganixilavs mosamarTle erTpirovnulad,

sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvets

saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle.

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze procesis monawileTa

mxridan Tu daisva sakiTxi gamomZieblis acilebis Taobaze,

misi acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvets prokurori, romelic

winaswar gamoZiebaSi monawileobs, rogorc saproceso xe-

lmZRvaneli. gamomZiebeli damoukideblad ar wyvets mis

mimarT gancxadebuli acilebis sakiTxs. Tu uSualod masTan

Sevida Suamdgomloba misi acilebis Sesaxeb, igi valdebu-

lia Suamdgomloba gadasawyvetad gadaugzavnos prokurors.

TviT prokuroris mimarT micemuli acilebis sakiTxs gad-

awyvets zemdgomi prokurori, xolo sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas prokuroris acilebis

sakiTxs gadawyvets is sasamarTlo Semadgenloba (mosa-

marTle), romelic saqmes ganixilavs.

rac Seexeba winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze Suamdgom-

lobis ganxilvas eqspertis, specialistis, Tarjimnis,

damcvelis, dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo mosarCelis, samo-

qalaqo mopasuxis warmomadgenlebis acilebis Sesaxeb gad-

awyvets saproceso xelmZRvanelobis ganmaxorcielebeli

prokurori. xolo sasamarTlo sxdomaze aRniSnul pirTa

acilebis sakiTxs gadawyvets is sasamarTlo Semadgenloba

(mosamarTle), romelic ganixilavs sisxlis samarTlis

saqmes.

amasTan erTad unda gvaxsovdes, rom winaswari gamoZie-

bis stadiaze gancxadebuli acilebis sakiTxi prokurorma

unda gadawyvitos Suamdgomlobis Setanidan 24 saaTis gan-

mavlobaSi. gancxadebuli acilebis dakmayofilebis an dak-

mayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, mas gamoaqvs dadgenile-

ba.

sasamarTlo sxdomaze gancxadebuli acilebis sakiTxi

wydeba dauyovnebliv. sasamarTlo Semadgenloba (mosamar-

Tle) uflebamosilia Suamdgomloba acilebis Taobaze

gadawyvitos rogorc adgilze TaTbiriT (gadawyvetileba

Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi), aseve saTaTbiro

oTaxSi. sasamarTlo Semadgenlobas acilebis dakmayofileb-

is an dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gamoaqvs ganCine-

ba, xolo mosamarTles dadgenileba.

328 329

$12. $12. sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa

dacvis specialuri RonisZiebanidacvis specialuri RonisZiebani

saqarTvelos moqmedi konstitucia amkvidrebs adamianis,

moqalaqis, pirovnebis primats da misi sicocxlis, janm-

rTelobis, pativisa da Rirsebis dacvas, misi xelSeuxeblo-

bisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofas aniWebs prioritets

da miiCnevs umaRles socialur Rirebulebad.

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis sferoSi samarT-

lebrivi saxelmwifos ideis realizacia gulisxmobs iseTi

zogad-sakacobrio principebis danergvas saproceso kanon-

mdeblobaSi, rogoricaa humanizmi, adamianis uflebebisa da

Tavisuflebebis dacva, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi

2005 wlis 16 dekembers Setanili cvlilebebiT (kodeqss

daemata XIV 1 Tavi) pirvelad iqna SemoRebuli procesis

monawileTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis instituti.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa usafrTxoe-

bis uzrunvelyofa warmoadgens samarTlebrivi, orga-

nizaciul-teqnikuri da sxva RonisZiebebis erTobliobas,

romlebic mimarTulia aRniSnul pirTa sicocxlis, janm-

rTelobis, saxovrebeli binis, qonebis, pativisa da Rirse-

bis dasacavad marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofisagan im mizniT,

raTa Seiqmnas aucilebeli pirobebi marTlmsajulebis sa-

Tanadod ganxorcielebisaTvis.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa usafrTxoe-

bis uzrunvelyofis specialuri RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis

safuZvels warmoadgens informacia, cnobebi, faqtobrivi

monacemebi, romlebic adastureben maTi sicocxlis, janm-

rTelobis an qonebis mimarT realuri muqaris arsebobas.

gadawyvetilebas procesis monawilis mimarT dacvis

specialuri RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Rebulobs

sasamarTlo da prokurori.

kanonSi or jgufad aris CamoTvlili dacvis special-

uri RonisZiebebis saxeebi imisda mixedviT, Tu vin Rebulobs

gadawyvetilebas misi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. kerZod, saqarT-

velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 109 1-e,

muxlis Tanaxmad mosamarTle uflebamosilia gamoiyenos

procesis monawileTa dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebis

Semdegi saxeebi:

a) sajaro reestridan an sxva sajaro xasiaTis Canaw-

eridan dazaralebulis an mowmis amocnobis da identi-

fikaciis SesaZleblobis Semcveli monacemebis, kerZod,

saxelis, gvaris, misamarTis, samuSao adgilis, profesiis

an sxva Sesabamisi informaciis Secvla an amoReba.

sajaro reestridan gaicema amonaweri sacxovrebeli

binis an miwis nakveTis sakuTrebaSi daregistrirebasTan

dakavSirebiT, gaicema mesakuTris mowmoba. sxva sajaro

xasiaTis Canawerad SeiZleba CaiTvalos magaliTad, sakre-

bulos sxdomis oqmi.

aRniSnuli dacvis RonisZieba gulisxmobs dasaxelebul

dokumentebSi ara namdvili saxelis, gvaris, misamarTis,

samuSao adgilis, profesiis, an sxva informaciis Setanas,

aramed maT Secvlas. amasTan SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli mo-

nacemebi saerTod ar iyos miTiTebuli, anu iyos amoReb-

uli.

b) dazaralebulis an mowmis amocnobisa da identi-

ficirebis SesaZleblobis Semcveli saproceso da agreTve

zemoTdasaxelebul à~ qvepunqtSi gaTvaliswinebuli do-

kumentis gasaidumloeba.

dazaralebulis an mowmis amocnobisa da identificire-

bis SesaZleblobis Semcvel saproceso dokumentad SeiZle-

330 331

ba CaiTvalos yvela sagamoZiebo da sxva saproceso moqmede-

baTa oqmebi, sadac mowme da dazaralebuli monawileobas

Rebulobda, sadac aris miTiTebuli maTi anketuri monace-

mebi, magaliTad, daTvalierebis oqmi, amocnobis oqmi, Semow-

mebis oqmi, dakiTxvis oqmi da a.S. agreTve sasamarTlo sx-

domis oqmi, gasaidumloeba gulisxmobs imas, rom aRniSnuli

dokumentebi nebismieri pirisaTvis unda gaxdes xelmiuwv-

domeli da ar unda moxdes maTi gacnoba, maT wardgena

procesis monawileebisaTvis.

dasacavi piris mimarT monacemebis konfidencialurobis

uzrunvelyofis mizniT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasx-

va RonisZiebebi. kerZod, amocnoba SeiZleba Catardes amom-

cnobis mier amosacnobis vizualuri dakvirvebis gareSe,

sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoZaxebul pirTa siaSi dasacavi

piris namdvili anketuri monacemebi ar iyos Setanili,

dasacavi piris gamoZaxeba procesis mwarmoebel organoSi

ganxorcieldes gamonaklisis saxiT im organos meSveobiT,

romelic usafrTxoebis RonisZiebas ganaxorcielebs.

amasTan erTad, konfidencialuria da gasaidumloebas

eqvemdebareba dasacavi piris Sesaxeb cnobebi, romelic

gaicema cnobaTa biuros mier, sapasporto samsaxuris, sa-

patrulo policiis mier, satelefono sadgurebis sacno-

baro samsaxurebis mier da sxva saxelmwifo sainformacio

sacnobaro samsaxurebis mier. amitom aRniSnul samsaxurebs

droebiT unda aekrZalos dasacavi piris mimarT cnobebis

gacema. aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonSi saubaria zemoTaRniSnuli

dokumentebis gasaidumloebaze vadis miuTiTeblad, rac

arasworad migvaCnia, radgan aRniSnuli dokumentebis gasaid-

umloeba unda moxdes droebiT da ara samudamod.

g) fsevdonimis miniWeba

imisaTvis, raTa procesis monawilis vinaoba ar gax-

maurdes SesaZlebelia mas mieniWos fsevdonimi da yvela

sagamoZiebo da sxva saproceso moqmedebebSi procesis

monawilem monawileoba miiRos ara namdvili saxeliTa da

gvariT, aramed fsevdonimis miTiTebiT.

dasacavi piris saqmeSi fsevdonomiT monawileobis Ses-

axeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs motivirebuli dadgenileba.

Semdgom saproceso dokumentebSi mieTiTeba mxolod fsev-

donimi.

rac Seexeba procesis monawilis namdvil saxels, gvars,

mamis saxels, dabadebis wels, Tvesa da ricxvs, dabadebis

adgils, ojaxur mdgomareobas, samuSao adgils, saqmianobis

saxes an Tanamdebobas, sacxovrebel adgils da sxva anketur

monacemebs, romlebic Seicaven piris Sesaxeb informacias,

maTi miTiTeba savaraudod unda moxdes calke gamotanil

dadgenilebaSi anketuri monacemebis Secvlis Sesaxeb. es

dadgenileba ar unda daerTos saqmis masalebs, aramed

calke unda inaxebodes saqmis mwarmoebel organoSi.

dasacavi piris saxelisa da gvaris fsevdonimiT Secv-

lisas saqmis masalebidan unda iyos amoRebuli sagamoZiebo

moqmedebaTa oqmebi da sxva dokumentebi, sadac aRniSnulia

monacemebi misi vinaobis Sesaxeb, saqmis masalebs ki unda

daerTos aRniSnuli dokumentebis aslebi, sadac dasacavi

piris gvari da saxeli Secvlilia fsevdonimiT.

d) marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofisagan fizikuri dacvis

specialuri RonisZieba.

es RonisZieba gulisxmobs, upirveles yovlisa, pirad

dacvas, sacxovrebeli binis da qonebis dacvis uzrunve-

lyofas. dasacavi piris sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis

safrTxis arsebobisas unda iyos gamoyenebuli individua-

luri dacvis specialuri saSualebebi, maT Soris muqaris

xarisxisa da simZimis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba gamoyo-

332 333

fili iyos iaraRi. amasTan, dasacavi piris sacxovrebel

binaSi SesaZlebelia ganTavsebuli iyos xanZarsawinaaRmdego

da dacvis signalizacia. aseve, SesaZlebelia Seicvalos

misi binis telefonis nomeri da mis kuTvnil satrans-

porto saSualebaze arsebuli saxelmwifo sanomre niSne-

bi.

dasacavi piris mimarT Tavdasxmis an sxva marTlsawi-

naaRmdego qmedebis Cadenis Sesaxeb muqaris arsebobisas misi

gancxadebis safuZvelze an misi werilobiTi TanxmobiT

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes satelefono da sxva saubrebis

mosmena da xmis Cawera. cxadia, mosmena unda ganxorcieldes

moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesis dacviT sasamarT-

los gadawyvetilebiT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros,

kanonis Tanaxmad, dauSvebelia sasamarTloSi procesis

monawilis dakiTxva misi vinaobis gasaidumloebiT an iden-

tificirebis SecvliT. sasamarTlo sxdomaze procesis

monawile ikiTxeba uSualod da zepirad.

zemoTaRniSnuli dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebi sasa-

marTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos dacvis mxaris SuamdgomlobiT

da procesis monawilis TanxmobiT. amasTan, erTdroulad

SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iyos ramdenime dacvis saSu-

aleba.

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, sasamarTlos garda, prokuror-

ic aris uflebamosili gamoiyenos dacvis specialuri

RonisZiebebi. kanonSi calkea CamoTvlili prokuroris mier

gamoyenebuli dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebi. kerZod, sssk

109 1-muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, prokurori uflebam-

osilia gamoitanos dadgenileba procesis monawileTa dacvis

Semdegi saxis specialuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebaze:

a) marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofisagan fizikuri dacvis

specialuri RonisZieba;

b) sacxovrebeli adgilis droebiTi an mudmivi Secvla.

am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba dasacavi piris sxva sacxovreb-

el adgilas gadayvana anu sxva sacxovrebeli sadgomis

micema, agreTve axal sacxovrebel adgilas SromiTi mow-

yobis uzrunvelyofa, rac unda ganxorcieldes usafrTx-

oebis zomebis gamomyenebeli organos mier.

sxva sacxovrebel adgilas droebiT gadayvanis SemTx-

vevaSi mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgili eqvemdebareba broni-

rebas. arasrulwlovanTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofisaT-

vis maTi mSoblebisa da sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlebis

werilobiTi TanxmobiT isini SeiZleba droebiT iyvnen moT-

avsebulni skolamdel aRmzrdelobiT dawesebulebaSi, xolo

srulwlovani qmeduunaro pirebi _ socialuri dacvis

organoTa dawesebulebaSi.

sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvla unda iyos gamoyenebuli

gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, roca dacvis sxva RonisZiebis

gamoyeneba araefeqturia. amasTan unda iyos uzrunvelyo-

fili dasacavi piris yvela kanonieri uflebebisa da Tav-

isuflebebis aRdgena da dacva.

g) garegnobis Secvla

aseTi RonisZieba unda iyos gamoyenebuli dasacavis

SuamdgomlobiT an misi TanxmobiT, an sasamarTlos ganCinebiT

da SeiZleba adgili hqondes gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi,

mxolod ukiduresi aucileblobis situaciaSi, roca piris

usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa sxva saSualebiT SeuZlebelia.

aRniSnuli RonisZiebis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro xar-

jebi anazRaurdeba im organos mier, romelmac miiRo amis

Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba.

garegnobis Secvla SeiZleba gamoixatos varcxnilobis

SecvlaSi Tmis feris SecvlasTan erTad, Tvalis feris

334 335

SecvlaSi, plastikuri operaciis Sedegad cxviris formis

SecvlaSi, mTlianad saxisa da sxeulis plastikuri, kos-

metikuri da qirurgiuli operaciis Sedegad arsebiTad

gansxvavebuli garegnobis SeqmnaSi.

garegnobis SecvlasTan erTad aucilebelia gadawydes

sakiTxi moqalaqisaTvis misi uflebebis, Tavisuflebebisa

da SeRavaTebis SenarCunebis Sesaxeb. unda iyos uzrunve-

lyofili misi yvela uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva

da misi kanonieri interesebis dakmayofileba. sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis monawileTa dacvis specialuri RonisZie-

bis ganxorcielebis xarjebs gaiRebs saxelmwifo.

dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis mov-

aleoba ekisrebaT ZiriTadad Sinagan saqmeTa organoebs.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi sagamoZiebo praqtikaSi gvxvdeba

muqaris mravalricxovani faqtebi, mowmeTa, dazaralebulTa

da TviT gamomZiebelTa, prokurorTa da mosamarTleTa

misamarTiT. Tumca saxelmwifo biujetidan arasaTanado

finansuri uzrunvelyofis gamo procesis monawileTa dacvis

specialuri RonisZiebebi jer kidev gamoiyeneba iSviaTad

da arasakmarisad. amasTan ufro farTod unda iyos gamoy-

enebuli dacvis iseTi RonisZiebebi, romelTa gamoyeneba did

materialur danaxarjebTan ar aris dakavSirebuli, magal-

iTad, moqalaqeTa binaSi dacvis signalizaciis dayeneba,

dasacavi piris telefonis nomris Secvla, mis satrans-

porto saSualebaze saxelmwifo sanomre niSnebis Secvla.

erT-erT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze mowmis avtomanqanis

Zaris SeRebva da misi nomris Secvla, agreTve misi tele-

fonis nomris Secvla, misi saqmeSi fsevdonimiT monawileo-

bis uzrunvelyofa aRmoCnda sakmarisi dacvis RonisZieba

narkotikebis gasaRebis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.

aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonis Tanaxmad dacvis specialuri

RonisZieba gamoiyeneba prokuroris dadgenilebiT ara mx-

olod procesis monawilis mimarT, aramed masTan dakav-

Sirebuli piris usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofadac.

rac Seexeba braldebulsa da gansasjels, maT mimarT

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod marTlsawinaaRmdego

xelyofisagan fizikuri dacvis specialuri RonisZieba.

sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisas mowmisa da

dazaralebulis dakiTxvis Semdeg prokurori uflebam-

osilia gamoitanos dadgenileba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli

nebismieri dacvis specialuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Tao-

baze. braldebulisa da gansasjelis mimarT dacvis special-

uri RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba ki

waredgineba mosamarTles gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom procesis monawilis mimarT SeiZleba

gamoyenebuli iyos rogorc erTi, ise erTdroulad ramden-

ime dacvis specialuri RonisZieba.

kanonis Tanaxmad Tu mowmisa da dazaralebulis mimarT

winaswar gamoZiebaSi gamoyenebuli iyo dacvis specialuri

RonisZieba, sasamarTloSi misi dakiTxvis Semdeg, bralde-

buls an mis damcvels, moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, mosamarTle

aZlevs gonivrul vadas dacvis momzadebisaTvis, magram ara

umetes 7 dRisa.

dacvis specialuri RonisZieba gamoiyeneba Semdegi sa-

fuZvlebis arsebobisas.

a) saqme ganixileba iseTi qmedebis Cadenis faqtebze,

romlis sajaro ganxilva Tavisi bunebiT arsebiT zians

miayenebs procesis monawilis pirad cxovrebas;

am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT iseTi saqmeebi,

romelTa ganxilva dakavSirebulia procesis monawileTa

piradi intimuri cxovrebis detalebis gaxmaurebasTan,

magaliTad, ssk 137 _ 141-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli

336 337

danaSaulebi.

b) procesis monawilis vinaobisa da saqmeSi monawile-

obis sajaroobiT mniSvnelovani safrTxe emuqreba mis an

misi axlo naTesavis sicocxles, janmrTelobas an qone-

bas.

aq igulisxmeba iseTi SemTxveva, roca procesis

monawilis an misi axlo naTesavis mimarT braldebulis

mxridan arsebobs muqara. muqaris realuroba unda dadgindes

konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare obieqturi da sub-

ieqturi kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mxedvelobaSi unda

iyos miRebuli muqaris Sinaarsi; drois monakveTi, roca

gacxadda muqara; muqaris intensivoba, muqaris subieqtis

pirovnuli Taviseburebebi _ misi socialuri, qonebrivi

mdgomareoba, fsiqologia, misi kavSirebi, samarTaldamcav

organoebTan damokidebuleba da a.S.

aRniSnuli garemoebebis erTbliobis gaanalizebis sa-

fuZvelze unda iyos miRebuli gadawyvetileba procesis

monawilis vinaobis gasaidumloebis Sesaxeb, radgan realu-

rad arsebobs safrTxe ziani miadges misi an misi axlo

naTesavis sicocxles, janmrTelobas an qonebas.

g) procesis monawile damokidebulia braldebulze.

sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi xSiria SemTx-

vevebi, roca procesis monawiles braldebulTan akav-

Sirebs samsaxurebrivi, Tanamdebobrivi, materialuri

damokidebuleba. magaliTad (braldebuls ekava xelmZR-

vaneli Tanamdeboba im organoSi, sadac procesis monawile

muSaobda an procesis monawile aris braldebulis sam-

saxurebrivi zedamxedvelobis qveS myofi piri an piri,

romelic braldebulisagan iRebda sarCos, materialur

uzrunvelyofas da misi anketuri monacemebis gaxmaureba

safrTxes Seuqmnis mis pirad cxovrebas (Seuwydeba sar-

Cos miReba, dakargavs samsaxurs da a.S.).

d) procesis monawilis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas

emuqreba realuri safrTxe.

saqmeSi unda arsebobdes faqtobrivi monacemebi, infor-

macia, masalebi, romlebic aSkarad miuTiTeben imaze, rom

saqmeSi monawileobis sajaroobiT procesis monawilis si-

cocxlesa da janmrTelobas SeiZleba ziani miadges. sa-

frTxis realuroba ki unda ganisazRvros saqmis konkre-

tuli garemoebebis Sefasebis safuZvelze.

aRniSnuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas prokurori ufle-

bamosilia winaswari gamoZiebis dros dacvis specialuri

RonisZiebis gamoyenebis SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos mosamar-

Tles gamoZiebas adgilis mixedviT. Tavis mxriv, procesis

monawilem SeiZleba mimarTos prokurors TxovniT, raTa mis

mimarT iyos gamotanili dacvis specialuri RonisZieba.

Suamdgomloba sasamarTloSi ganixileba saerTo wesis

mixedviT. sxdoma ar aris sajaro. mas eswrebian mxolod

prokurori, Suamdgomlobis avtori da procesis monawile,

vis mimarTac unda iyos gamoyenebuli dacvis specialuri

RonisZieba. gamonakliss warmoadgens fsevdonomis miniWeba.

Suamdgomloba ganixileba saproceso kodeqsis 140-e muxliT

dadgenili wesiT. Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebis SemTx-

vevaSi mosamarTles (sasamarTlos) gamoaqvs gadawyvetile-

ba, sadac unda iyos aRniSnuli konkretulad dacvis romeli

specialuri RonisZieba unda iyos gatarebuli, vis mimarT

gamoiyeneba igi da ra vadiT, romel organos evaleba misi

aRsruleba. amasTan, dacvis specialuri RonisZieba SeiZle-

ba gamoyenebuli iyos uvadod.

rac Seexeba garkveuli vadiT dawesebul dacvis spe-

cialur RonisZiebas Tu iqneba aRniSnuli RonisZiebis

gamoyenebis saWiroeba, dadgenili vadis gasvlis Semdeg

338 339

SesaZlebelia misi moqmedebis vadis gagrZeleba. dacvis

specialuri RonisZiebis vadis gagrZelebis Suamdgomloba

ganixileba saerTo wesiT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom gadawyvetileba dacvis specialuri

RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb konfidencialuria da sa-

jarod ar cxaddeba, Tumca aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis

Sesaxeb ecnobebaT mxareebs, Suamdgomlobis Semtans da im

pirs, visac Seexo es zoma. amasTan, SetyobinebaSi ar unda

iyos Setanili dasacavi piris amocnobisa da identificire-

bis Semcveli monacemebi. Tavis mxriv, dacvis specialuri

RonisZiebis gamoyenebis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb sami dRis va-

daSi unda ecnobos am RonisZiebis gamoyenebis iniciators

da mosamarTles (sssk 109 4-e muxli).

kanoni iTvaliswinebs dacvis specialuri RonisZiebis

gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis ganxilvis Sedegad miRe-

buli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wess. kerZod, sssk 109

3, muxlis me-6 nawilis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli gadawyvetile-

ba SeiZleba erTjeradad gasaCivrdes saqmeze Semajamebel

gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.

dacvis specialuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebis safuZvlis

aRmofxvris SemTxvevaSi misi damniSvneli mosamarTlis

(sasamarTlos) an imave sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlis

dadgenilebiT (ganCinebiT) es RonisZieba unda gauqmdes, rac

dauyovnebliv ecnobeba dasacav pirs.

sssk 109 5-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos gadaw-

yvetileba dacvis specialuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Ses-

axeb sajaro ar aris. igi xelmisawvdomia mxolod gadaw-

yvetilebis mimRebi mosamarTlis, Suamdgomlobis ganxil-

vaSi monawile pirebisa da uflebamosili Tanamdebobis

pirisaTvis, romelmac unda aRasrulos sasamarTlos gad-

awyvetileba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismge-

blobaa dawesebuli sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevris,

mosamarTlis, samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawilis, aRmas-

ruleblis, dazaralebulis, mowmis an sisxlis samarTlis

procesis sxva monawilis anda misi axlo naTesavis usa-

frTxoebis dacvis saidumloebis gaxmaurebisaTvis im piris

mimarT, vinc aseTi saidumloeba icoda Tavisi samsaxure-

brivi mdgomareobis gamo an visac is gaandes (ssk 367-e

muxli). pasuxismgebloba mZimdeba Tu gaxmaurebas mZime

Sedegi mohyva.

gaxmaureba gulisxmobs cnobebis Setyobinebas gareSe

pirisaTvis. gaxmaureba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva

formiT: presaSi gamoqveynebiT, mimoweriT, kerZo saubris

dros zepirad, sajarod gamosvliT, saTanado dokumentebis

gacnobiT da a.S. ris Sedegadac gaxdeba cnobili informa-

cia usafrTxoebis zomebis Sesaxeb.

ssk 365-e muxlis Tanaxmad, danaSauls warmoadgens

prokuroris, gamomZieblis, damcvelis, eqspertis, aRmas-

ruleblis, samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawilisa an misi

axlo naTesavis mimarT winaswar gamoZiebasTan, sasamar-

loSi saqmis ganxilvasTan anda ganaCenis an sxva sasamarT-

lo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT sicocx-

lis mospobis, janmrTelobis dazianebis anda qonebis

ganadgurebis an dazianebis muqara. am muxlSi, rogorc

vxedavT, procesis sxva monawileebTan erTad dasaxeleb-

ulni arian procesis mwarmoebeli organos Tanamdebobis

pirebi prokurori, gamomZiebeli. saproceso kanonmdeblobis

Tanaxmad ki dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebi gamoiyeneba

mxolod mowmisa da dazaralebulis mimarT. arada xSiria

SemTxvevebi, roca gamomZiebels, prokurors, mosamarTles

emuqrebian sicocxlis mospobis, janmrTelobis dazianebis

340 341

da qonebis xelyofis muqariT. sasurveli iyo kanonmdebels

gaefarTovebina dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebis subieqte-

bis wre da moewesrigebina procesis mwarmoebeli oganos

Tanamdebobis pirTa dacvis RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis sakiTx-

ic.

Tavi VITavi VI

mtkicebulebani da mtkiceba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi

$.1. mtkicebiTi samarTlisa da mtkicebiTi $.1. mtkicebiTi samarTlisa da mtkicebiTi

Teoriis cnebaTeoriis cneba

danaSaulis Cadenas yovelTvis warsul droSi aqvs ad-

gili, amitom aRniSnul garemoebaTa dadgena da aRdgena

mtkicebis meSveobiT xdeba. vinaidan movlenebi da faqtebi

yovelTvis toveben materialuri an idealuri saxis kvals.

cnobili faqtebis safuZvelze ki xdeba ucnobi faqtebis

dadgena. aRniSnuli procesi ki TavisTavad warmoadgens

mtkicebas. warsulSi momxdari movlenis Semecneba anu maTi

mtkiceba, dadgena aris mecnierebis mravali sferos amocana,

mag: istoria, arqeologia, magram sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesSi informacia aseTi saxis movlenebze iqceva samarT-

lebrivad mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis miRebis safuZvlad.

swored amitom maTi mtkiceba detalurad aris reglamen-

tirebuli kanonmdeblobiT da efuZneba procesis saerTo

principebs (SejibrebiToba, uSualoba da a.S.).

sakanonmdeblo reglamentaciisas ki unda ganisazRvros

Semdegi garemoebebi:

1. kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili mtkicebis procesi warmoad-

gens procesis formisaTvis damaxasiaTebel erT-erT

umTavres garemoebas (samZebro(inkviziciuri), bral-

debiTi, SejibrebiTi, Sereuli).

2. mtkiceba arsebiTad gansazRvravs pirovnebis procesua-

lur mdgomareobas (mag:braldebulis procesualur

mdgomareobas).

342 343

3. institutebi, romlebic axdenen mtkicebis procesis

reglamentacias, warmoadgens samarTalwarmoebis princ-

ipebis realizaciis ZiriTad saSualebas.

am kiTxvebze pasuxis sakanonmdeblo reglamentacias

didi mniSvneloba gaaCnia rogorc sisxlissamarTalwarmoe-

bis Sesabamisi institutebis sakanonmdeblo reglamentaci-

isaTvis, ise procesis monawileTa praqtikuli saqmiano-

bisaTvis.

imisaTvis, rom gamoZieba da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganx-

ilva Catardes yovelmxriv, srulyofilad da obieqturad,

saqmeze unda dadgindes: iyo Tu ara danaSaulis SemTxveva;

piris braleuloba; mtkicebis sagani; Catarda Tu ara yvela

saWiro da aucilebeli saproceso moqmedeba.

garemoebani, romlebic unda damtkicdes sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmeze xorcieldeba kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT

da uzrunvelyofs WeSmaritebis dadgenas sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeze pirovnebis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis sruli

dacviT da savaldebuloa rogorc procesis mwarmoebeli

piris, aseve procesis sxva monawileTaTvis.

im normaTa erTobliobas, romlebic aregulireben mtki-im normaTa erTobliobas, romlebic aregulireben mtki-

cebis procesTan dakavSirebul procesualur moqmedebebsa cebis procesTan dakavSirebul procesualur moqmedebebsa

da urTierTobas WeSmaritebis dadgenis mizniT, mtkicebiTi da urTierTobas WeSmaritebis dadgenis mizniT, mtkicebiTi

samarTali ewodeba.samarTali ewodeba.

mWidro kavSiria mtkicebasa da mtkicebulebebs Soris.

magram mtkicebuleba da mtkiceba ar aris identuri cnebe-

bi. mtkiceba, literaturaSi miRebuli gansazRvrebidan

gamomdinare, aris saqmeze kanonieri gziT WeSmaritebis

dasadgenad informaciis mopoveba _ Semowmebasa da Sefase-

baSi monawileTa moqmedeba da urTierTdamokidebuleba.

mtkiceba moicavs mtkicebulebasac: mtkiceba dinamiurobas

gamoxatavs; igi mimdinare procesebze migvaniSnebs. mtkice-

ba gamoxatavs procesSi monawile pirTa moqmedebebsa da

maT urTierTdamokidebulebas WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.

mtkicebis movaleoba akisria procesis mwarmoebel pirs.

mtkicebuleba ki sul sxva bunebisaa. igi ukve mopovebuli

informaciaa. anu kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli wy-

aroebidan da wesiT miRebuli cnobebi, romelTa safuZ-

velzec dgindeba arsebobs Tu ara danaSaulebrivi faqti

da misi misi Camdeni piri.

mtkicebiTi samarTlis mizania WeSmaritebis dadgena. e.i.

faqtebisa da garemoebaTa imgvarad dadgena, rogorc amas

sinamdvileSi hqonda adgili.

WeSmariteba aris codnis an mosazrebis sinamdvilesTan

Sesabamisobis absoluturi Tanxvedra. WeSmariteba Semecne-

bis TeoriasTan aris gaigivebuli xSir SemTxvevaSi da

dialeqtikis nawiladac ki aris miCneuli, WeSmariteba ar

arsebobs adamianis cnobierebis gareSe. obieqturi sinamd-

vilis sagnebi TavisTavadni arian da araferi aqvT saerTo

WeSmaritebasTan manamde, vidre adamiani ar daukavSirdeba

maT aRqmisa da warmosaxvis asaxvis formiT, cnebebis

dadgenis procesSi. WeSmariteba cnobieria imdenad, ramdena-

dac Semmecnebeli subieqtia, igi asaxvaa adamianis gonebaSi,

magram, rogorc dadgenilia, TviT es asaxvaa, sinamdvilis

adeqvaturi suraTi igi srulebiTac ar aris damokidebuli

adamianis neba survilze mis subieqtur faqtorebze: WeS-

mariteba mudam Sepirobebulia obieqturi sinamdviliT.

WeSmaritebis dadgenis TvalsazrisiT, TiTqos yovelT-

vis gaZnelebulia konkretuli danaSaulisaTvis damaxasi-

aTebeli niSnebis utyuarad gamovlineba. rodesac laparakia

WeSmaritebaze, ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom WeSmarite-

bis ganmsazRvrel ZiriTad kriteriums WeSmaritebis cvale-

badoba warmoadgens, romelic efuZneba praqtikisa da Se-

344 345

mecnebis ganviTarebiTobas.

Semecnebisa da misi Sedegebis damajereblobis urTierT-

Tanafardobis gansazRvra erTnairad aucilebelia yvela

sferoSi. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso samarTalSi WeS-

maritebis mtkicebis mizani sagamoZiebo organoebisa da

sasamarTlos mier iseTi daskvnebis miRebaa, romlebic ab-

soluturad Seesabamebian sinamdviles da realurad asaxaven

momxdar movlenebs. WeSmaritebis dasadgenad aucilebelia

danaSaulis Cadenis arsebobis faqtisa da ama Tu im piris

mier aRniSnuli danaSaulis Cadenis da misi braleulobis

utyuarobis dadgena. WeSmaritebis mtkiceba mowodebulia

gaarkvios faqtebis, movlenebis, garemoebebis realurad

arseboba da maTi siyalbe, romelTa ZiriTadi mizania saga-

moZiebo da sasamarTlo Secdomebis Tavidan acileba.

SesaZlebelia WeSmariteba davyoT ramodenime saxed:

1.miaxloebiT WeSmaritebad _ romelsac pirobiTi xasiaTi

aqvs. 2.SefardebiT WeSmaritebad, rac ufro meti informa-

cia iqneba dagrovili ama Tu im sagnis raobis Sesaxeb, miT

ufro sruli iqneba Cveni warmodgena sinamdvileze. 3.obieq-

tur WeSmaritebad _ romelic, rogorc sayovelTaodaa

aRiarebuli, miiReba SefardebiT WeSmaritebaTa SejamebiT

da aris mtkicebiTi samarTlis ZiriTadi mizani.

$2. mtkicebulebis cneba sisxlis $2. mtkicebulebis cneba sisxlis

samarTlis procesSisamarTlis procesSi


110-e muxlis Tanaxmad mtkicebulebebia: kanoniT gaTval-

iswinebuli wyaroebidan da wesiT miRebuli cnobebi,

romelTa safuZvelzedac mxareebi icaven TavianT ufle-

bebsa da kanonier interesebs, xolo gamomZiebeli, proku-

rori da sasamarTlo adgenen, arsebobs Tu ara movlena an

qmedeba, romlis gamoc xorcieldeba sisxlis samarTlis

procesi, Caidina Tu ara es qmedeba garkveulma pirma, dam-

naSavea Tu ara igi, agreTve saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis

mniSvnelobis mqone sxva garemoebebs.

mtkicebulebad sisxlis samarTlis procesSi dasaSvebia:

a. eWvmitanilis Cveneba; b. braldebulis Cveneba; g. gansasje-

lis Cveneba; d. dazaralebulis Cveneba; e. mowmis Cveneba; v.

eqspertis daskvna; z. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi; T. saga-

moZiebo moqmedebis da sasamarTlo moqmedebisa da sasa-

marTlo ganxilvis oqmebi; i. sxva dokumentebi; k. nebismieri

saxis audio-video Canaweri, romlis mopovebisas adgili

ar hqonia piradi cxovrebis saidumloebis darRvevas. am

SemTxvevaSi faruli gadaRebis mwarmoebeli piri dakiTxu-

li unda iqnes sasamarTloSi mowmis saxiT faruli Canaw-

eris warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT.

sssk 110-e muxlis Tanaxmad mopovebuli da mxaris mier

warmodgenili cnobebi unda daerTos saqmes. isini unda

Seamowmos da gamoikvlios meore mxarem, agreTve organom,

romelic process awarmoebs. mxolod dasaSvebad miCneuli

mtkicebulebebi SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli sasamarTlo

kamaTsa da sasamarTlo ganaCenSi.

kanonis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, operatiul – samZebro

346 347

RonisZiebiT miRebuli monacemebi SeiZleba gaxdes ama Tu

im saproceso wyaros cnobisa da faqtis (dokumentis

garda) Sinaarsi da mxolod am SemTxvevaSi daiSveba, rogorc

mtkicebuleba. kerZod: operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebis

Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi xSirad ganapirobeben sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeTa warmatebiT gadawyvetas da saqmeze WeS-

maritebis dadgenas. operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebi war-

moadgens winapirobas Sesabamisi sagamoZiebo moqmedebis

saxis gansazRvrisa da CatarebisaTvis. garkveul SemTx-

vevaSi operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebi erwymis sagamoZie-

bo moqmedebebs da aisaxeba Sesabamis saproceso dokumentSi.

kanonis Tanaxmad operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebis Sedegebs

anu monacemebs, romlebic miRebulia maTi Catarebis Sedegad

ar aqvT mtkicebulebis Zala, radgan ar arsebobs maTi

utyuarobis garantia. isini unda Semowmdes da damagrdes

saproceso saSualebebiT da mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba

mieniWos mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba.

mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba.mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba. sagamoZiebo organoebis

gadawyvetileba, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, Tanamdebobis

piris gadawvetileba da procesis ganmavlobaSi mxareTa

pozicia sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone

garemoebaTa dadgenilad miCnevis an uaryofisaTvis unda

eyrdnobodes mxolod dasaSveb mtkicebulebebs.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi moqmedebs mtkicebule-

baTa dasaSvebobis prezumfcia, anu mtkicebuleba dasaSvebia,

Tu procesis mwarmoebel organos, Tanamdebobis pirs, igi

dauSveblad ar ucvniaT.

erTmaneTisagan unda gaimijnos dauSvebeli mtkiceb-

uleba da mtkicebuleba, romelic dasaSvebia, magram Sesa-

bamis dasabuTebaze miTiTebiT, procesis mwarmoebeli or-

gano, Tanamdebobis piri ar iziareben, xolo mxare Suam-

dgomlobs raTa ar iqnes gaziarebuli am mtkicebulebiT

dadgenili garemoebebi.


Tanaxmad mtkicebuleba dauSveblad miiCneva, Tu igi miRe-

bulia:

a. im Tanamdebobis piris an organos mier, romelic

uflebamosili ar aris Sekribos mtkicebulebani, am

saqmeze;

b.kanoniT gauTvaliswinebeli wyarodan;

g. kanoniT dadgenili wesis darRveviT, agreTve Zala-

dobis, muqaris, motyuebis, SantaJis, pirovnebis abuCad

agdebis an sxva ukanono meTodebis gamoyenebiT.

d. pirisagan, romelmac daarRvia kanoni an romelsac

ar SeuZlia miuTiTos, ra wyarodan, sad, rodis da rogor

gamovlinda mis mier warmodgenili monacemebi;

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad,

bralmdebels ekisreba rogorc braldebis mtkicebulebaTa

dasaSvebobis mtkicebis tvirTi, ise dacvis mtkicebulebaTa

dauSveblobis mtkicebis tvirTi.

mxareebi valdebulni arian sasamarTlos miawodon in-

formacia sakuTari mtkicebulebis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb.

mtkicebulebis dauSveblad miCnevis sakiTxs wyvets

procesis mwarmoebeli organo dadgenilebiT.

dauSveblad miCneuli mtkicebuleba amoiReba sisxlis

samarTlis saqmidan da sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Senaxvis

vadis ganmavlobaSi inaxeba sasamarTlos kancelariaSi.

dauSveblad miCneuli braldebis mtkicebuleba SeiZle-

ba daSvebeul iqnes dacvis SuamdgomlobiT.

mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeboba.mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeboba. mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeboba

niSnavs misi Sinaarsis kavSirs im garemoebebTan, romlebic

eqvemdebarebian mtkicebas sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.

348 349

SeuZlebelia im garemoebebis wris winaswar gansazRvra

(dadgena), romelic Sedis mtkicebis saganSi da gaaCnia

mniSvneloba sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis. mtkicebule-

baTa Sesaxebobis sakiTxi wydeba procesis mwarmoebeli

piris mier, kerZod faqtis Sesaxeb versiis SemuSavebisa da

Semowmebis Sedegad, agreTve mxareTa da sxva pirTa mier

warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa miRebisas.

SedarebiT martivia ganvsazRvroT mtkicebulebaTa Ses-

axebobis sakiTxi, rodesac igi mimarTulia iuridiuli

faqtebis mtkicebaze an uaryofaze, romelic pirdapir aris

gaTvaliswinebuli normis hipoteziT da SeZlebisdagvarad

zustad aris orientirebuli drosa da sivrceSi. am amo-

canis gadawyveta rTulia _ iribi mtkicebulebis gamoyen-

ebisas vinaidan yovelTvis ar aris naTeli, aris Tu ara

dakavSirebuli dasadgeni faqtebi mTavar garemoebebTan.

warmoiSoba pirobiTi Sesaxeboba, romelic saqmis moZrao-

bidan gamomdinare xdeba upirobo an xdeba misi uaryofa.

kerZod, Tu procesis mwarmoebeli piri miva daskvnamde,

rom dadgenili, mopovebuli an miRebuli cnoba da faqti

kavSirSi ar aris saqmesTan da ar exeba mocemul saqmes

gamoitans dasabuTebul dadgenilebas. romlis safuZvelzec

arsebiTad gadawyvets sakiTxs mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxebobis

Sesaxeb.

Tu mtkicebuleba ar exeba mocemul saqmes, igi ar daiS-

veba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi.

$3. mtkicebis sagani da mtkicebis farglebi$3. mtkicebis sagani da mtkicebis farglebi

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi gansazRvravs

garemoebaTa minimums, romelic eqvemdebareba mtkicebas

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. Tu es moTxovna ar iqneba

daculi, aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmeze gamoZieba da sasamarT-

loSi saqmis ganxilva CaiTvleba arasrulyofilad da

calmxrivad. garemoebaTa erTobliobas, romelic eqvemde-

bareba mtkicebas ewodeba mtkicebis sagani.

mtkicebis sagans gaaCnia rogorc sisxlis samarTlebri-

vi ise sisxlis samarTlis saproceso (procesualuri)

mxare. kerZod: saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis 112-e muxli ayalibebs im garemoebebs, romelic

unda damtkicdes yovel sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. kerZod,

moqmedebis (umoqmedobis) marTlsawinaaRmdego xasiaTi;

brali; garemoebebi,romlebic gavlenas axdenen braldebulis

pasuxismgeblobis xasiaTsa da xarisxze, axasiaTebs mis

pirovnebas; danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis xasiaTi

da odenoba.

danaSaulis Cadenis dro, adgili, saSualeba da sxva

garemoebebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc makvalificirebeli (Se-

mamsubuqebeli an damamZimebeli garemoebebi), aseve iuridi-

ulad neitraluri garemoebebic. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi

maTi dadgena aucilebelia braldebis konkretizaciisaTvis,

rac erT-erTi umTavresi pirobaa braldebis funqciis re-

alizaciisaTvis.

danaSaulis Cadenis drois, adgilisa da saSualebis

konkretizaciis xarisxi damokidebulia sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis Taviseburebaze da ganisazRvreba konkretuli piris

mier danaSaulebrivi faqtis dadgenis aucileblobiT. da-

naSaulis CadenaSi braldebuli piris cneba moicavs moTx-

350 351

ovnas dadgenil iqnes ara mxolod konkretuli piri, aramed

im moqmedebis an umoqmedobis xasiaTi, romelmac ganapi-

roba misi qceva (saqme exeba danaSaulis subieqtsa da sub-

ieqtur mxares).

motivis dadgenis aucilebloba im SemTxvevaSic ki

rodesac mas mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia danaSaulis kvali-

fikaciisaTvis, ganisazRvreba pirvel rigSi imiT, rom igi

xels uwyobs rogorc danaSaulis Camdeni piris adekvatur

Sefasebas ise Cadenili qmedebis simZimis gamovlenas.

danaSaulis Cadenis motivis dadgena ar gamoricxavs im

monacemTa wres, romelic exmareba braldebuli pirovnebis

Sefasebas da gamoyofilia mtkicebis sagnis damoukidebel

elementad. aRniSnuli garemoebebis dadgena aucilebelia

pirvel rigSi sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis

individualizaciisaTvis. aRniSnuli jgufi garemoebebisa

moicavs Tavis TavSi braldebulis fizikuri (janmrTelobis

mdgomareoba),an fsiqikuri (fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, alko-

holisadmi an narkotikebisadmi damokidebuleba) mdgo-

mareobis dadgenasac.

rac Seexeba danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad miyenebuli

zianis xasiaTsa da odenobas unda aRiniSnos, rom igi

SeiZleba iyos danaSaulis Semadgenlobis erT-erTi makval-

ificirebeli niSani, garkveul SemTxvevaSi ki SeiZleba

gascdes mtkicebis sagnis farglebsac.

yvela es garemoeba, organulad gansazRvravs qmedebis

faqtiur suraTs, gaaCnia gadamwyveti samarTlebrivi mniS-

vneloba imdenad, ramdenadac igi iZleva uaryofiT pasuxs

braldebuli piris braleulobis Sesaxeb.

da bolos, mtkicebis saganSi Sedis yvela is garemoeba,

romlebsac SeuZlia gamoiwvios sisxlis samarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobisa da sasjelisagan gaTavisufleba.

yoveli garemoeba, romelic eqvemdebareba mtkicebas,

aris arsebiTi sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis da unda

iyos gamokvleuli gamoZiebis organoebisa da sasamarTlos

mier. sasamarTlos ganaCeni unda efuZnebodes mxolod im

mtkicebulebebs, romelic iyo gamokvleuli sasamarTlo

sxdomaze. mravalma garemoebam, romelic eqvemdebareba

mtkicebas unda gansazRvros sabraldebo daskvnis Si-

naarsi da ganaCeni, romelsac adgens winaswari gamoZiebis

organo da sasamarTlo.

CamoTvlili garemoebani exeba yvela sisxlis samarTlis

saqmes, magram, amave dros, saproceso kanoni CamoTvlis

mtkicebis sagnis Taviseburebas, rac damaxasiaTebelia aras-

rulwlovanTa mier Cadenili danaSaulisa da fsiqikurad

daavadebuli piris mier Cadenili qmedebisaTvis.

s.s.s.k 641–e muxli adgens im garemoebas, romlebic

damatebiT dasadgenia arasrulwlovanis mier Cadenili da-

naSaulisaTvis, kerZod:arasrulwlovanis mier danaSaulis

Cadenis SemTxevaSi winaswari gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi

saqmis ganxilvis dros unda dadgindes:

a. arasrulwlovanis asaki(dabadebis ricxvi, Tve, weli);

b. arasrulwlovanis cxovrebisa da aRzrdis pirobebi

ojaxsa da skolaSi;

g. srulwlovan wamqezebelTa arseboba;

d. arasrulwlovanis fizikuri da gonebrivi ganviTarebis

done;

e. arasrulwlovanis pirovnebis xasiaTis Taviseburebebi,

moTxovnilebebi da interesebi.

im piris mimarT, vinc danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg fsiq-

ikurad daavadda, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

661-e muxlis Sesabamisad, damatebiT unda damtkicdes:

piris fsiqikuri avadmyofoba, romelic warmoiSva da-

352 353

naSaulis Cadenis Semdeg da gamoricxavs sasjelis gamoy-

enebas.

Seuracxis mier marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis CadenasTan

dakavSirebiT unda damtkicdes: a. Seuracxi piris damaxa-

siaTebeli garemoebebi; b. qmedebis Cadenis momentSi pirovne-

bis qronikuli fsiqikuri avadmyofoba, fsiqikis droebiTi

moSla, Wkuasustoba an sxva avadmyofuri mdgomareoba, ris

gamoc mas ar SeeZlo angariSi gaewia Tavisi qmedebisaTvis

da ganego igi; g. am piris fsiqikuri mdgomareoba winaswari

gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros. d. garda amisa,

danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg fsiqikurad daavadebuli piris

saqmeze, aseve marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Camdeni Seu-

racxis saqmeze unda dadgindes, SeiZleba Tu ara maTi Sem-

dgomi qceva saSiSi iyos Tavad maTTvis da garSemo myof-

TaTvis.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi CamoTvlis im

garemoebebs, romlebic dgindeba mtkicebulebaTa wardgenis

gareSe da preiudiciebs.

faqtebi, romlebic ar saWiroeben mtkicebas, ar Sedis

mtkicebis saganSi, Tumca misi dadgenis gareSe SeuZlebelia

saqmis sworad gadawyveta.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 113-e muxlSi

miTiTebulia 2 saxis, 2 kategoriis faqti, romlebic ar

saWiroeben mtkicebas da SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sasa-

marTlo gadawyvetilebis dasabuTebas. kerZod: 1.sasamarT-

los mier sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebi da 2.preiudici-

uli (winaswar gadawyvetili, winaswar dadgenili faqtebi,

e.i. sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT

an ganCinebiT dadgenili) faqtebi.

sayovelTaod cnobili faqtia, is, romlis arsebobis

Sesaxeb icis adamianTa farTo wrem, maT Soris, saqmis gan-

mxilvelma mosamarTlemac, ris gamoc aseTi faqti aRar

saWiroebs mtkicebas. sayovelTaod cnobili faqti SeiZle-

ba sxvadasxvagvari iyos. mag: mTeli msofliosaTvis cno-

bilia faqtebi (istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone movlena,

faqti), magram sayovelTaod cnobili faqti SeiZleba iyos

sxva garemoebebic, wyaldidoba, miwisZvra da sxva. sasamarT-

lom unda daasabuTos ratom miiCnia es faqti sayovelTaod

cnobilad.

gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom Tu faqti say-

ovelTaodaa cnobili es ar SeiZleba iyos ganpirobebuli

mxolod pirTa gansazRvruli wriT, romlisTvisac cno-

bilia es faqti da damokidebulia im droze, rac gavida

mas Semdeg, rac es movlena moxda.

im SemTxevaSi, rodesac sayovelTaod cnobili faqti

cnobilia ara mTeli msofliosaTvis, an mTeli qveynisaTvis,

lokaluri xasiaTisaa da Semofarglulia gansazRvruli

adgiliT. ar iqneboda swori mxareTagan mogveTxova aseTi

faqtebis dasadastureblad mtkicebulebaTa savaldebulod

wardgena im motiviT (safuZvliT), rom lokaluri mniS-

vnelobis faqtebi sakmaod cnobilia swored mocemul

adgilas da sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs aRiaros aseTi mniS-

vnelobis faqtebi sayovelTaod cnobilad, ris gamoc maT

mtkiceba ar sWirdebaT da unda miuTiTos amis Sesaxeb

gadawyvetilebaSi.

Tumca, sayovelTaod cnobilad ar SeiZleba iqnes miC-

neuli konkretuli adamianis piradi Tvisebebi, xasiaTi,

vinaidan es aris subieqturi mosazreba da ara faqti.

sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebi mtkicebas ar saWiroebs

anu mxareebi ar arian valdebuli warmoadginon mtkiceb-

ulebebi, am faqtebis namdviloba naTelia da mtkiceba zed-

metia.

354 355

mtkicebulebaTa Segrovebas (mtkicebas) ar saWiroeben

da Sesabamisad mtkicebis tvirTisagan gaTavisuflebis me-

ore safuZvelia faqtis preiudiciuloba. preiudiciulia

(laT. sityvaa praejudicio _ niSnavs ,,winaswar gadawyvetas~, ,,winaswar dadgenas~) sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli

sasamarTlos ganaCeni. faqtebi preiudiciul mniSvnelobas

iZenen mxolod gadawyvetilebis an ganaCenis kanonier

ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg da am mniSvnelobas inarCuneben ma-

namde, sanam sasamarTlos aqtebi ar gauqmdeba kanoniT

dadgenili wesiT.

kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT dadgenil

yvela faqts aqvs preiudiciuli mniSvneloba da arc erTi

es faqti aRar unda damtkicdes xelaxla sxva sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis dros Tumca imisaTvis rom

sasamarTlos hqondes preiudiciuli faqtebis mtkicebis

movaleobisagan mxaris gaTavisuflebis kanonieri safuZ-

veli,man unda gamoiTxovos da saqmeSi unda hqondes Sesa-

bamisi gadawyvetilebis an ganaCenis asli.

preiudiciulad dadgenili faqtebi ar saWiroeben mt-

kicebas, imitom, rom isini ukve dadgenilia sasamarTlos

kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT an ganaCeniT

da,Sesabamisad aRar arsebobs araviTari aucilebloba maT

xelaxla dasadgenad,e.i. ar SeiZleba eWvis qveS dadges

(saeWvo gaxdes) es faqtebi.

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtebis

preiudiciuli mniSvneloba ganisazRvreba misi subieqturi

farglebiT.kerZod, preiudiciulobis Tviseba aqvT gadaw-

yvetilebaSi dafiqsirebul materialur samarTlebriv

faqtebs,Tu,amasTan, yvela dainteresebuli piri, romelT-

ac gadawyvetileba exeba, Cabmuli iyo procesSi.

Tumca saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kanonmdebloba gansazRvravs garkveul gamonakliss. kerZod:

preiudiciulad dadgenili faqti SeiZleba uaryos mxarem,

sasamarTlos ganaCenma, sxva Semajamebelma gadawyvetilebam

an dadgenilebam, Tu es faqti ewinaaRmdegeba sasamarTloSi

mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebsa da mosamarTleTa

Sinagan rwmenas.

aRniSnul SemTxevaSi gamomZiebelsa da prokurors

ufleba aqvT uaryon preiudicia da saqme gadascen sasa-

marTlos TavianTi Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze. sasamarT-

los, romelic Sinagani rwmeniT Seafasebs mtkicebulebebs,

ufleba aqvs gamoitanos ganaCeni an sxva gadawyvetileba

preiudiciis miuxedavad. aseTi ganaCeni an gadawyvetileba

kanonier ZalaSi SesvlisTanave igzavneba saqarTvelos uze-

naesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palataSi,

romelic gamoiTxovs im saqmes, romlis preiudiciuli

mniSvnelobac uaryofilia, da im mtkicebulebis Sefasebis

Semdeg, romelic safuZvlad udevs urTierTsawinaarmdego

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebs, auqmebs an cvlis erT maTgans

da ZalaSi tovebs meores.

preiudiciebTan mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli prezum-

fciebi. prezumfcia samarTalSi moicavs sakiTxebis sakmaod

did wres,romelic exeba rogorc samarTlis zogad Teorias,

ise samarTlebrivi mecnierebebis sxva sferoebs.

prezumfciis qveS, rogorc wesi, moiazreba saerTo wesi,

romelic asaxavs myar araerTjerad kavSirs faqtebs, mov-

lenebsa da garemoebebs Soris.

prezumfciebi mravalricxovani da sxvadasxvagvaria,

maTgan nawili ganmtkicebulia kanoniT (legaluri prezum-

fciebi). im prezumfciebs, romlebic ar Sedis normatiul

aqtebSi (faqtiuri prezumfciebi) agreTve SeiZleba hqondeT

mniSvneloba sisxlis samarTlebrivi iurisdiqciisaTvis.

356 357

vinaidan amgvari prezumfciebi mosamarTleTa marTlSegne-

bis elementebia.

sisxlis samarTlis procesisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia e.w.

mtkicebulebiTi prezumfciebi.

prezumfciebs gaaCniaT statistikuri buneba. aRniSnu-

lidan gamomdinare es aris varaudi rom rogorc wesi

kavSiri faqtebs Soris, arsebobs aseve mocemul konkretul

SemTxvevaSic.

samarTlebrivi prezumfcia es aris kanoniT dadgenili

wesi,romelic adasturebs an uaryofs faqtebs sapirispiro

mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenamde. igi gamoiyeneba mxolod

faqtis utyuarobis dasadgenad, romelTanac kanoni akav-

Sirebs prezumfciebs.

samarTlebrivi prezumfciebis gaqarwyleba ar unda gav-

igoT rogorc gaqarwyleba WeSmariti gansjisa, prezumfcie-

bis gaTvaliswinebiT. es gansja aZlevs obieqtur Sefasebas

gansazRvrul socialur movlenas.

prezumfciebi, romlebic dakavSirebulni arian mtkice-

bulebaTa dasaSvebobasTan unda iyvnen gadmocemuli negati-

uri formiT. maT safuZvlad udevT Semdegi mosazreba: Tu

darRveulia sagamoZiebo an sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa proce-

sualuri wesi an igi ganaxorciela arauflebamosilma

subieqtma, maSin am gziT gamovlenili faqtebi ar SeiZleba

CaiTvalos damtkicebulad.

procesualuri prezumfciebi, romlebic gansazRvraven

dauSvebel mtkicebulebebs, SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT: a.

calkeul mtkicebulebebs an mtkicebulebaTa jgufs; b.

procesis calkeul stadiebs.

procesualuri darRvevebi, romelic exeba mTlianad

mtkicebis process sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis amaTuim

stadiaze (mag: sasamarTlos ukanono Semadgenloba, eWvmi-

tanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelisaTvis ufleba_hyavdes

damcveli da a.S.) iwvevs saerTo (zogadi) prezumfciis

gamoyenebas, romlis Sesabamisadac mtkicebis Sedegebi pro-

cesis mocemul stadiaze kargavs Tavis mniSvnelobas.

mTeli rigi kerZo da zogadi procesualuri principe-

bis sinTezs warmoadgens udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da

kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis WeSmaritebis prezumf-

cia.

udanaSaulobis prezumfcia rogorc samarTlebrivi

principi Camoyalibda safrangeTSi. man Tavisi asaxva hpova

1789 wlis deklaraciis me-9 muxlSi. udanaSaulobis pr-

ezumfciam Semdgom asaxva hpova 1948 wlis adamianis ufle-

baTa saerTaSoriso deklaraciaSic. udanaSaulobis prezum-

fcia aris progresuli samarTlebrivi principi, romelic

gamoiyeneba policiuri Zalauflebis SesazRudad. raTa

moxdes pirovnebis dacva dausabuTebeli braldebisagan.

udanaSaulobis prezumfcia moqmedebs sisxlis samarT-

lis procesis yvela stadiaze. gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis

gamotaniT udanaSaulobis prezumfcia kargavs Tavis mniS-

vnelobas _ vinaidan igi gamoxatavs saxelmwifos Sexed-

ulebas pirovnebis braleulobis sakiTxis gadawyvetasTan

dakavSirebiT. ris Semdegac igi wyvets Tavis moqmedebas.

udanaSaulobis prezumfciidan gamomdinareobs mTeli

rigi daskvnebisa: a.daumtkicebeli braleuloba iuridiul

urTierTobaSi utoldeba udanaSaulobis damtkicebas; b.

udanaSaulobis prezumfciidan gamomdinareobs wesis gan-

marteba eWvis sasargeblod. braldebulis sasargeblod,

romelsac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs misi kanonieri

interesebis uzrunvelsayofad da saqmeze obieqturi WeS-

maritebis misaRwevad. g. udanaSaulobis prezumfcia aris

moqalaqis sruli reabilitaciis safuZveli, romelTa

358 359

bralic ar aris damtkicebuli. d.ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi

Sesvlamde pirs ar SeiZleba CamoerTvas saarCevno SromiTi

da sxva mTeli rigi uflebebi. e. udanaSaulobis prezum-

fciis Sesabamisad braldebuli ar aris valdebuli amtki-

cos Tavisi udanaSauloba.

zogierTi procesualuri prezumfciebi moqmedeben gan-

aCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.

WeSmaritebis prezumfcia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gan-

aCenisagan moiTxovs aRiarebuli iqnes WeSmaritebad da

savaldebulod Sesasruleblad yvelafers, rac gadmocemu-

lia kanonier ZalaSi Sesul ganaCenSi.

kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis WeSmaritebis prezum-

fcia emyareba mosazrebas, romlis Tanaxmadac procesis

stadiis procesualuri garantia sakmarisia sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad. amitom sasamarTlos

ganaCeni – prezumfcirebulia WeSmaritebad.

arsebobs zogierTi kerZo sisxlis saproceso samarT-

lebrivi prezumfciebi:

1. mtkicebulebiTi prezumfcia gamyarebulia saproceso

kanonmdeblobiT, romlis Tanaxmadac, mxolod bralis

aRiareba ar aris sakmarisi ganaCenis gamosatanad.

2. prezumfciulad Tavisi bunebiT aRiarebulia eqspertizis

savaldebulod Catarebis wesi, romlis safuZveli mo-

cemulia kanonSi. Tu eqspertiza ar Catarebula, Sesa-

bamisi garemoeba iTvleba daudgenlad.

3. saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis monawileTa

samarTalsubieqtobis prezumfcia gamomdinareobs iqidan,

rom isini gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi Tu ar aris war-

modgenili sapirispiro mtkicebulebebi.

mtkicebis procesSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze mTa-

var rols TamaSoben faqtiuri prezumfciebi. faqtiuri

prezumfciebi saSualebas iZleva gakeTdes daskvna mosaZebn

faqtze garkveuli niSnebis arsebobisas.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebisas gamoiyeneba

bevri Cveulebrivi cxovrebiseuli prezumfciebi.

cxovrebiseuli praqtikuli saqmianoba adamianis, maT

Soris samarTalwarmoebis sferoSi, SeuZlebelia faqtiuri

prezumfciebis gamoyenebis gareSe.

faqtiuri prezumfciebi Tavis gamoyenebas pouloben

sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebis gamoyenebisas, romlebic ar

eqvemdebarebian mtkicebas.

mtkicebis saganTan mWidro kavSirSia mtkicebis far-

glebi.

mtkicebis farglebi aris mtkicebulebaTa erToblioba,

romelic sakmarisia im faqtebisa da garemoebebis dasadgenad,

rac uSualo kavSirSia sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan da

mniSvneloba gaaCnia saqmisaTvis. mtkicebis farglebi Sei-

Zleba Seicvalos saqmis gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi saqmis

ganxilvis dros saqmis garemoebaTa SecvlasTan dakavSire-

biT. mtkicebis farglebs gansazRvravs gamomZiebeli, proku-

rori da sasamarTlo.

gamoZiebis etapze mtkicebis farglebi ganisazRvreba

sabraldebo daskvnaSi. sasamarTlo saqmes ixilavs mxolod

sabraldebo daskvnis farglebSi, Tumca aRniSnuli fargle-

bi SeiZleba Seicvalos sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis

etapzec im SemTxvevaSi Tu gansasjelma Caidina sxva dana-

Saulic, romlis gamoc mas braldeba ar hqonda wayenebuli

an danaSauli Caidina sxva pirebTan erTad, rac ar iyo

dadgenili gamoZiebis etapze. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo

(mosamarTle) ubrunebs saqmes prokurors damatebiTi

gamoZiebis Casatareblad im mizniT, rom gafarTovdes mt-

kicebis farglebi da braldebuls waeyenos axali bral-

360 361

deba. sasamarTloSi mtkicebis farglebi Tavis saboloo

gamoxatulebas poulobs sasamarTlos ganaCenSi.

$4. mtkicebulebaTa calkeuli $4. mtkicebulebaTa calkeuli

saxeebisaxeebi

mtkicebulebaTa cneba rogorc faqtiuri monacemebisa

da procesualuri wyaroebis erTianoba iZleva saSualebas

movaxdinoT mtkicebulebaTa dayofa calkeul saxeebad.

mtkicebulebaTa saxeebi (wyaroebi) da maTi arsi Camoyal-

ibebulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis XVI

TavSi. mtkicebulebaTa saxeebs miekuTvneba: 1.eWvmitanilis

Cveneba; 2.braldebulis Cveneba; 3.gansasjelis Cveneba;

4.dazaralebulis Cveneba; 5.mowmis Cveneba; 6.eqspertis

daskvna; 7.nivTieri mtkicebulebebi; 8.sagamoZiebo moqmede-

bis, sasamarTlo moqmedebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis

oqmebi; 9.sxva dokumentebi; 10.nebismieri saxis audio-video

Canaweri.

1. eWvmitanilis Cveneba.1. eWvmitanilis Cveneba. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi

eWvmitanilad iTvleba piri, romlis Sesaxebac arsebobs

safuZveli, rom man Caidina danaSauli, magram ar aris sak-

marisi mtkicebuleba misTvis braldebis wasayeneblad. ris

Sesaxebac gamomZiebels prokuroris TanxmobiT, prokurors

gamoaqvs dadgenileba piris eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb.

eWvmitanilis mimarT dakaveba, rogorc Tavisuflebis

xanmokle aRkveTa gamoiyeneba maSin rodesac Cadenilia

iseTi danaSauli, romlis CadenisTvisac pirs sasjelis

saxiT SeiZleba Seefardos Tavisuflebis aRkveTa da arse-

bobs safuZveliani eWvi, rom mocemulma pirma Caidina

aseTi danaSauli da mosalodnelia misi gaqceva, an misi

TavisuflebaSi yofna xels SeuSlis winaswar gamoZiebas,

an gaanadgurebs mtkicebulebas. amasTan kanoniT gansaz-

Rvrulia Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iqnes cnobili da

dakavebuli piri eWvmitanilad. kerZod: sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsis 142-e muxlis Tanaxmad, piri eWvmita-

nilis saxiT SeiZleba dakavebuli iqnes im SemTxvevaSi Tu

: a. pirs waaswres danaSaulis Cadenisas an CadenisTanave;

b. TviTmxilvelebi, maT Soris dazaralebulic, pirdapir

miuTiTeben am pirze, rogorc danaSaulis Camdenze; g. pirze,

masTan an mis tanisamosze aRmoCndeba Cadenili danaSaulis

aSkara kvali; d. piri miimala danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg,

magram Semdgom igi amoicno dazaralebulma; e. piris mimarT

gamotanilia ganCineba (dadgenileba) Zebnis warmoebis Ses-

axeb; v. piri SesaZloa miimalos;

eWvmitanilis dakavebis saerTo vada ganisazRvreba 48

saaTiT. kerZod 48 saaTis amowurvamde unda waredginos

pirs braldeba winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mis mimarT dakaveb-

isa da eWvmitanilad cnobis Sesaxeb gamotanili dadge-

nileba unda gauqmdes da igi dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisu-

fldes. aRniSnuli garemoebebis garda saproceso kanonmde-

blobiT mkafiodaa gansazRvruli misi ufleba-movaleobebi.

am uflebebis darRveviT dasakiTxi pirisagan miRebuli

Cveneba, raoden mniSvnelovanic ar unda iyos igi gamoZie-

bisaTvis dakargavs mtkicebulebiT mniSvnelobas.

eWvmitanilis Cveneba aris dakiTxvis an sxva sagamoZie-

bo moqmedebis Catarebisas mis mier micemuli informacia,

romelic uaryofs an adasturebs mis mimarT arsebul eWvs,

agreTve informacias sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniS-

vnelobis mqone misTvis cnobili sxva garemoebebis Sesaxeb,

anu im garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romelic faqtiurad gaxda

safuZveli misi eWvmitanili saxiT cnobisa, dakavebis an mis

362 363

mimarT aRkveTi RonisZiebis SerCevisa, misTvis braldebis

wardgenamde.

eWvmitanilis Cvenebas gaaCnia bevri saerTo braldebulis

CvenebasTan. es vlindeba SemdegSi: a. orive maTgani pirovnu-

li xasiaTis mtkicebulebebia; b. isini zepiri xasiaTis

Cvenebebia; g. eWvmitanilis Cvenebis utyuarobis procesua-

luri garantiebi igivea rac braldebulis Cvenebis SemTx-

vevaSi; d. eWvmitanilis Cveneba aris ara mxolod mtkiceb-

ulebaTa wyaro, aramed saSualebac misi kanonieri inter-

esebis dasacavad. Tumca amave dros eWvmitanilis Cveneba

gansxvavdeba braldebulis Cvenebisagan subieqtiT, sagniTa

da Cvenebis procesualuri mniSvnelobiT.

eWvmitanilis Cvenebis Sefaseba unda moxdes iseve

rogorc yvela sxva mtkicebulebebis. gasaTvaliswinebulia

eWvmitanilis Cvenebis fsiqologia: Cvenebis motivebi, miz-

nebi da sxva subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebi1.

2. braldebulis Cveneba. 2. braldebulis Cveneba. braldebulis Cveneba aris

dakiTxvis an sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebisas mis

mier micemuli informacia.

braldebulis Cvenebis Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs,

rom subieqtis saxiT gamodis TviT braldebuli

1 eWvmitanilisa da braldebulis instituti faqtiurad ori identuri

institutia. vinaidan eWvmitanilad cnobisaTvis garkveuli eWvi unda arse-

bobdes, xolo bralis wasayeneblad ki dasabuTebuli varaudi _ mtkicebule-

baTa erTobliobiT anu is mtkicebulebebi, romelic SesaZleblobas iZlevian

albaTobis maRali xarisxiT damtkicdes konkretuli piris mier danaSaulis

Cadena. anu am SemTxvevaSic arsebobs albaTobis anu eWvis maRali xarisxi da

ratom ar SeiZleba aRniSnulidan gamomdinare piri pirdapir iqnes dakiTxuli

braldebulis saxiT? aRniSnuli mosazreba arsebobda qarTul procesualur

literaturaSi jer kidev gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSic (ix.b.xaraziSvili

,,mtkicebiTi samarTali~ Tsu gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 1982w. gv.251.)romelmac

Tavisi asaxva mxolod amJamad hpova sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

proeqtSi.

piri,romelTan dakavSirebiTac aris gamotanili dadge-

nileba piris braldebulad cnobis Sesaxeb.

braldebulis Cveneba emsaxureba danaSulis garemoebe-

bis dadgenas da amave dros warmoadgens braldebulis

Tavdacvis saSualebas wayenebuli braldebisagan.

braldebulis Cvenebis sagani ganisazRvreba rogorc wesi

mis mimarT wayenebuli braldebiT.

braldebulma SeiZleba Tavi cnos damnaSaved, an uaryos

brali, miuTiTos sxva pirTa braleulobaze, an isargeblos

dumilis uflebiT, ar upasuxos dasmul SekiTxvebs. bral-

debulis mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis an cru Cven-

ebis micemis faqti ar SeiZleba Sefasdes, rogorc misi

braleulobis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba.

braldebulis Cvenebis miReba SesaZlebelia dakavebis

momentSi an Tu dakaveba ar xdeba braldebulad cnobisTa-

nave dauyovnebliv. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom braldebulis

nebismieri dakiTxvis win, misTvis gasageb enaze unda ecno-

bos braldebis arsi; braldebuli ar aris valdebuli misces

Cveneba; braldebulis dakiTxvis wesi maT Soris arasrul-

wlovanis dakiTxvis wesi da misi Cvenebis fiqsaciis wesi

warmoadgens arsebiT garantias braldebulisagan swori

Cvenebis misaRebad.

braldebuls, iseve rogorc mowmes an dazaralebuls

ufleba aqvs misces Cveneba yovelgvari iZulebis gareSe.

akrZalulia braldebulis Cvenebis miReba Zaladobis,

muqaris an sxva ukanono meTodebis gamoyenebiT.

termini ,,Cveneba~ gulisxmobs braldebulis mier ara

mxolod faqtobrivi monacemebis gadmocemas, aramed mis mier

braldebis gamo gakeTebul ganmartebebs da informacias,

rasac mniSvneloba aqvs sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis.

Sinaarsis mixedviT braldebulis Cveneba warmoadgens

364 365

dakiTxvaze saqmesTan dakavSirebul arsebiTi mniSvnelobis

mqone gancxadebas. e.i. mis mier cnobili faqtebis gadmo-

cemas.

braldebulis Cveneba sisxlis samarTlis procesis gan-

viTarebis sxvadasxva etapze yovelTvis imyofeboda yura-

dRebis centrSi. xSirad braldebulis mier bralis aRi-

areba formalurad iyo aRiarebuli ,,saukeTeso mtkiceb-

ulebad~, ,,mtkicebulebaTa dedoflad~. mas gansakuTrebuli

mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba hqonda. amasTan dakavSirebiT

praqtika orientirebuli iyo am saxis mtkicebulebaze

rogorc wamebis aseve civilizebul sazogadoebaSi dagmo-

bili sxva meTodebis saSualebiT. aseTi midgoma iyo gaba-

tonebuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis aRzevebis peri-

odSi, romelic emyareboda mtkicebulebaTa maqsimalur

formalizacias.

amJamad gavrcelebuli mosazrebebis Tanaxmad bralde-

bulis Cvenebas ar unda mieniWos upiratesi mniSvneloba.

igi unda Sefasdes rogorc sxva saxis mtkicebulebebi,

Tavisuflad mxolod Sinagani rwmeniT1. vinaidan aRniSnuli

aseve negatiurad moqmedebs adamianis (pirovnebis) uflebe-

bis dacvaze, igi faqtiurad ganapirobebs ganaCenis gamotanas

im sakiTxis gadawyvetis gareSe realurad hqonda Tu ara

adgili danaSaulebriv faqts da damnaSavea Tu ara mis

CadenaSi gansasjeli.

bralis aRiareba SeiZleba davyoT 2 nawilad: srul da

1 magram arsebobs sxva saxis midgomac. mag:anglosaqsur sisxlis samar-

Tlis procesSi, braldebulis mier br¬a¬lis aRiareba sasamarTloSi imis

safuZvelia, rom nafici msajulebi ar dakompleqtdes da mtkiceb¬u¬l¬eb¬aT¬a

sasamarTlo Semowmeba ar ganxorcieldes. sasamarTlo axorcielebs sasjelis

daniSvnas, aRniSnuli mi¬d¬goma ki negatiurad moqmedebs pirovnebis uflebebze,

vinaidan SesaZlebeli xdeba ganaCenis ganaCenis gamotana s¬ak¬iTxis gamokvlevis

gareSe da xdeba piris Tavisuflebis aRkveTis safuZveli.

nawilobriv aRiarebad.

srulia braldebulis iseTi aRiareba, rodesac bral-

debuli braldebis calkeul epizodebs ar eTanxmeba da

sadavod xdis. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare aRiarebad CaiTv-

leba da pirdapiri mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba mieniWeba

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi moicavs ara marto dadeb-

iT pasuxs wardgenil braldebaze, aramed iseT cnobebze

miuTiTebs, romelic braldebulis mier danaSaulebrivi

qmedebis Cadenis faqts adastureneben.

praqtikaSi xSiria braldebulis mier cru Cvenebis

aRiarebis SemTxvevebi.

cru aRiareba ewodeba braldebulis iseT cru Cvenebas,

romelSic igi miuTiTebs viTomda mis mier danaSaulebrivi

qmedebis Cadenis faqts, Tumca gaTviTcnobierebuli aqvs,

rom es qmedeba mas ar Caudenia.

braldebulis cru aRiarebisagan SeiZleba ganvasxvavoT

braldebulis SecdomiT aRiareba, rodesac braldebuls

SecdomiT hgonia, rom danaSaulebrivi qmedeba man Caidina

da amitomac Tavs damnaSaved cnobs da miuTiTebs viTomda

mis mier Cadenili danaSaulis garemoebebze, gansxvaveba

braldebulis cru da SecdomiT aRiarebas Soris gamoix-

ateba ganzraxvaSi, piris subieqtur damokidebulebaSi misi

naTqvamis mimarT.

cru aRiarebis dros braldebuls gaTviTcnobierebuli

aqvs, rom inkriminirebuli qmedeba mas ar Caudenia, magram

garkveuli motivis gamo igi ganzrax ibralebs danaSauls.

yuradRebas ipyrobs braldebulis mier danaSaulis gu-

laxdili monanieba, romelsac gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi

bralis aRiarebiT gamocxadebasTan erTad, kanonmdebeli

Semamsubuqebel garemoebad miiCnevs.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare braldebulis

366 367

Cveneba unda Sefasdes obieqturad yvela im obieqturi da

subieqturi faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT rac aucilebelia

saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.

3. gansasjelis Cveneba.3. gansasjelis Cveneba. gansasjelis Cveneba mtkicebule-

baTa damoukidebelia saxea. gansasjelis Cveneba xasiaTdeba

imave kriteriumiT, rogorc braldebulis Cveneba, magram

igi damaxasiaTebelia ara gamoZiebisaTvis, aramed sasamarT-

loSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis.kerZod: gansasjelis Cveneba

aris mis mier sasamarTloSi micemuli Cveneba, romelic

uaryofs an adasturebs wayenebul braldebas, agreTve in-

formacia sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone

misTvis cnobil sxva garemoebaTa Sesaxeb. gansasjelisaTvis

Cvenebis micema aris ufleba da ara valdebuleba. gansasje-

lis mier uaris Tqma Cvenebis micemaze an cru Cvenebis

micema ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes misi bralis damadas-

turebel mtkicebulebad.

gansasjelis mier bralis aRiareba sasamarTloSi ar

SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos braldebasa da gamamtyunebel

sasamarTlo ganaCens, Tu bralis aRiareba sasamarTloSi

damtkicebuli ar aris saqmeze Sekrebil sxva mtkicebule-

baTa erToblobiT.

4. dazaralebulis Cveneba.4. dazaralebulis Cveneba. dazaralebulis Cveneba, iseve,

rogorc mowmis Cveneba s.s.s.k.116-e muxlis Sesabamisad aris

Setyobineba faqtobriv garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romelic unda

dadgindes sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze agreTve Setyobineba

eWvmitanilTan (braldebulTan) urTierTobis Sesaxeb.

dazaralebuli iseve rogorc mowme valdebulia misces

swori Cveneba da miuTiTos informaciis wyaroze.

im SemTxvevaSi Tu mas ar SeuZlia informaciis wyaros

miTiTeba, Cveneba kargavs mtkicebulebiT mniSvnelobas. maT

aseve ekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba Cvenebis micemaze uaris

TqmisaTvis da cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis, anu dazaralebu-

lis Cvenebas mWidro kavSiri aqvs mowmis CvenebasTan. magram

mas miuxedavad aseTi msgavsebisa aseve axasiaTebs mTeli

rigi Tavisebureba,romelic ganpirobebulia TviT subieqtis

procesualuri mdgomareobiT. kerZod: dazaralebuli,

rogorc wesi aris saqmis SedegiT dainteresebuli piri,

mas aqvs SesaZlebloba gaecnos saqmis masalebs winaswari

gamoZiebis dasrulebisas da daeswros saqmis ganxilvas

sasamarTloSi saqmis mTeli ganxilvis procesSi.

dazaralebulis Setyobineba mtkicebuleba ver iqneba,

Tu mowodebuli faqtis wyaros ver miuTiTebs, an Tu dadg-

indeba, rom fsiqikuri avadmyofobis, Wkuasustobis an

mcirewlovanebis gamo SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas, daimaxsov-

ros da aRidginos faqtebi.

sssk. Sesabamisad dazaralebuli SeiZleba iyos ara mx-

olod fizikuri piri, aseve iuridiuli piri da saxelmwifo,

vinaidan iseve rogorc fizikur pirs aseve iuridiul pir-

sac da saxelmwifos SeiZleba miadges moraluri da mate-

rialuri ziani (termini ,,dazaralebuli~ sityva ,,zarals~

ukavSirdeba,zarali ki sityva ,,dazrobisagan~unda iyos

nawarmoebi1).

dazaralebulis ganmartebas ar gaaCnia wminda proce-

sualuri datvirTva, radgan igi dafuZnebulia materialur

samarTlebriv niSnebze. amdenad dazaralebulze, rogorc

pirze, romelsac danaSaulis Sedegad miadga ziani – iT-

valiswebs sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, Tumca maTi

Sinaarsi mkveTrad gansxvavebulia. procesualuri mxare

moicavs im pirobebs romelSic dazaralebuli xdeba sisx-

1 s.saba orbelianis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT termini dazroba

yinvisagan dawvas niSnavs. sulxan-saba orbelianis qarTul sityvaTa ganmarte-

biTi leqsikoni – Tbilisi ,,merani~ 1989w.gv.189gv.

368 369

lis samarTlis procesis monawile da iZens masTan dakav-

Sirebul procesualur uflebebsa da movaleobebs, xolo

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi jer kidev ar arsebobs

dazaralebulis cnebis Camoyalibebuli formulireba, is

asaxavs danaSauliT miyenebuli zianis obieqtur faqts. piri

dazaralebulad iTvleba im momentidan ra momentidanac

adgili aqvs danaSaulebriv zewolas misi kanoniT daculi

uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis mimarT. danaSaulis

Sedegad miyenebuli materialuri, fizikuri da qonebrivi

ziani ki warmoadgens dazaralebulis cnebis materialur

samarTlebriv mxares.

saerTaSoriso samarTali iyenebs ara termin ,,dazarale-

buls~ aramed, ,,msxverpls~, kerZod, masSi naTqvamia: ter-

mini ,,msxverpli~ niSnavs pirs, romelsac erovnuli sisxlis

samarTlis kanonebis darRveviT ayeneben zians, ziani ki

ganimarteba ufro farTod, vidre saqarTvelos kanonmde-

blobaSi mas miakuTvneben ara marto sxeulis dazianebebs,

moralursa da materialur zarals, aramed msxverplis

emociur tanjvas, agreTve pirovnebis ZiriTad uflebaTa

arsebiT Selaxvas (deklaracia 1.18mux).

arsebiTi yuradReba unda mieniWos dazaralebulis Cve-

nebis Sefasebisas motivsa da mizans. vinaidan dazarale-

bulma ar SeiZleba ,,Cveneba misces uneburad~, igi garkveul

mizans isaxavs da ra Tqma unda garkveuli motivic gaaCnia.

dazaralebulma SeiZleba Tavisi reputaciis Selaxvis

Tavidan acilebis gamo garkveulwilad daamaxinjos faqte-

bi an cru dazaralebuladac mogvaCvenos Tavi. mag: im

SemTxvevaSi rodesac saqme exeba sqesobrivi xasiaTis dana-

Sauls, dazaralebuli SeiZleba malavdes namdvil mizezs

da mas sxva danaSaulis saxiT warmogvidgendes an piriqiT

axdendes danaSaulis inscenirebas, mag:rodesac qali Tavisi

xeliT miiyenebs dazianebebs an sxva mizeziT ganviTarebul

dazianebebs miawers sqesobriv Zaladobas. am saxis Zaladobis

faqtis dasadgenad saWiroa gamomZiebelma saqmis garemoebe-

bis zusti Seswavlis safuZvelze moaxdinos daskvnis ga-

keTeba.

Tumca garda amisa aucileblad unda iqnes miRebuli

mxedvelobaSi sxva garemoebebic, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios

araswori, cru Cveneba, aseTi ki SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos

braldebulis, eWvmitanilis an misi axloblebis daSinebis,

aseve samsaxuris dakargvis SiSiTac.

5. mowmis Cveneba.5. mowmis Cveneba. mowmis Cveneba sisxlis samarTlis

procesSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa Soris erT-erTi yvelaze

gavrcelebuli, Seucvleli da damoukidebeli saxis mtkice-

bulebaa. rac upirveles yovlisa dasakiTxi pirisagan im

faqtebisa da monacemebis SetyobinebaSi gamoixateba, rasac

udidesi mniSvneloba gaaCnia da rac unda dadgindes sisx-

lis samarTlis saqmeze. igi SeiZleba iyos sinamdvilis

(WeSmaritebis) dadgenis utyuari saSualeba. mowmed Sei-

Zleba daikiTxos nebismieri fizikuri piri, romelsac aqvs

unari sworad aRiqvas da mexsierebaSi aRidginos garesam-

yaros movlenebi. fizikuri piris unars, iyos mowme, kano-

ni ar ukavSirebs gansazRvruli asakis miRwevas amitom

mowmed SeiZleba daikiTxos mcirewlovanic.

mowmis Cveneba Tavis mtkicebulebiT mniSvnelobas kargavs

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mowme warmodgenili informaciis

wyaros ver miuTiTebs, an Tu dadgindeba, rom fsiqikuri

avadmyofobis an fizikuri naklis gamo ar SeuZlia sworad

aRiqvas, daimaxsovros da aRidginos faqtebi1.

1 mowmis Cvenebas yovelTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar eniWeboda da arc

mtkicebulebaTa erT-erT yvelaze gavrcelebul saxes warmoadgenda. mag: IX-XIV

ss. rodesac qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba ganaviTarebis maRal safexurze idga

370 371

mowmis Cvenebis sagans warmoadgens nebismieri gare-

moeba, romelic eqvemdebareba mtkicebas sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeze.mowmis Cveneba unda Seicavdes konkretul monacemebs

garkveul garemoebebze.

mowmis Cvenebis subieqti SeiZleba iyos nebismieri piri,

romlisTvisac cnobili gaxda garemoebebi, romelic eqvem-

debareba mtkicebas sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.Tumca aRniS-

nul wess gaaCnia garkveuli gamonaklisic. kerZod: sssk

95-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba mowmed gamoiZaxon da

dakiTxon: eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis an

msjavrdebulis damcveli, dazaralebulis, samoqalaqo

da samarTlebrivi kulturac Sesabamisad sakmaod maRali iyo mowmis Cvenebasa

da werilobiT sabuTebsac Sesabamisad didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda, Tumca Sem-

dgom saukuneebSi mkveTrad Seicvala, dakninda misi roli da mtkicebulebiTi

mniSvneloba. amis sailustraciod mSvenieri magaliTia vaxtang VI-is samarTlis

wigni, sadac mowmis Cvenebas sasamarTlo mtkicebulebaTa sistemaSi mxolod

mexuTe adgili ukavia ficisa da ordalebis Semdeg; me-13 muxli ki aRniSnulis

sailustraciod mSvenieri magaliTia: ,,mowme diaR swamTa da ician ufro ber-

ZenTa, frangTaca da rusTaca da wminda saxarebac brZanebs, magram aq qarTlSi,

ufro ar ganuwesebiaT~ (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, red. i.doliZe, t.I. 1952w.

Tsu gamomc. gv.484). qarTuli samarTliT mowme Cvenebas iZleoda ara marto

sakuTari TvaliT nanaxze, aramed sxvagan mosmenilzec, Tumca ,,gagonilzed mow-

moba naklebad~ sarwmunod iTvleboda. (g.daviTaSvili, sasamarTlo organizacia

da procesi Zv. qarTul samarTalSi, Tsu gamomc.2002w. 102 gv.). gansazRvruli

iyo mowmeTa Tvisebebic, romelic aucileblad unda yofiliyo RvTis moSiSi,

Wkviani, sando, marTali kacis saxelis mqone adamiani. qarTuli samarTali

aseve gansazRvravda mowmeTa raodenobasac, kerZod: vaxtangis samarTlis wigniT

uaryofili iyo 1 mowmis Cvenebis sakmarisoba, ,,pirTa orisa anu samisa mowmi-

saTa daemtkicos yoveli sityva~ rac im garemoebiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom

1 mowmis Cvenebas miiCnevdnen arasarwmunod da arasakmarisad imisaTvis, rom

saqmeze realurad dadgeniliyo WeSmariteba. Tumca es ar exeba mTel saqarT-

velos mag: xevsureTSi zustad ar iyo reglamentirebuli mowmeTa raodenoba.

mowmeTa dakiTxva ZiriTadad sasamarTlo procesze xdeboda, romelsac SeeZlo

ganesazRvra vada mxarisaTvis mowmis mosaZebnad da sasamarTloSi warsadgenad

an sasamarTlo agzavnida kacs adgilze mowmis dasakiTxad da maTTvis Cvenebis

CamosarTmevad. xSir SemTxvevaSi ki mowmeebis Cvenebas ficiTac amtkicebdenen

da Sesabamisad meti mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobac eniWeboda.

mosarCelis, samoqalaqo mopasuxis an im piris warmomad-

geneli, romlis mimarTac gamoiyeneba samedicino xasiaTis

iZulebiTi RonisZieba im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic mis-

Tvis cnobili gaxda am saqmeSi warmomadgenlis an damcvelis

movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT. advokati, romel-

ic iuridiul daxmarebas uwevda pirs dacvis an warmomad-

genlobis miRebamde im garemoebis Sesaxeb,romelic misTvis

cnobili gaxda, dacvis an warmomadgenlobis ganxorciele-

basTan an sxva iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSire-

biT. sasuliero piri, saxalxo damcveli, eWvmitanilis,

braldebulis, gansasjelis, msjavrdebulis axlo naTesavi,

saqarTvelos parlamentis, afxazeTisa da aWaris a.r. umaR-

lesi warmomadgenlobiTi organoebis wevrebi, mosamarTle,

Jurnalisti.

gamomZiebels, sasamarTlos ki ufleba aqvT motivire-

buli dadgenilebiT mowmis movaleobisagan gaaTavisuflon:

eqimi, medicinis da meani, samedicino muSaki, notariusi,

sajaro mosamsaxure, samxedro mosamasaxure, aseve piri

romelic samuSaoze im pirobiT aris miRebuli, rom ar

gaamJRavnebs komerciul an sabanko saidumloebas.

maT Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania: aRsarebis,

saadvokato, samedicino da Jurnalisturi saidumlo,romelic

daculia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanon-

mdeblobiT.

Tanamedrove msoflioSi demokratiuli saxelmwifos da

saerTod samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSenebloba xom war-

moudgenelia rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis

uzrunvelyofis gareSe. aRniSnulma asaxva hpova saqarT-

velos konstituciis me-19 muxlSi, ,,yovel adamians aqvs

aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba da dauSvebelia

devna aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis gamo.~

372 373

igi mWidro kavSirSi aris TviT aRsarebis saidumlosTan,

vinaidan aRsarebis saidumlos dacva uzrunvelyofilia

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis konstituciuri uflebiT.

igi rogorc samarTlebrivi kategoria moqalaqis piradi

cxovrebis saidumlos warmoadgens. sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsis es moTxovna ki Sesabamisad zneobriv

principebs emyareba.

aranakleb mniSvnelovania saadvokato saidumlo, romel-

ic profesiulad mindobil saidumloTa Soris erT-erTi

yvelaze uZvelesia.

sssk da saqarTvelos konstituciiT aRiarebulia Ti-

Toeuli moqalaqis ufleba uzrunvelyofili iyos kvali-

fikaciuri, srulfasovani dacviT saqarTvelos konsti-

tuciis me-18 muxlis Tanaxmad, dakavebul an dapatimrebul

pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos damcvelis daxmareba rac dauy-

ovnebliv unda dakmayofildes.

saadvokato saqmianoba miCneulia damoukidebel da Tav-

isufal saqmianobad. advokati Tavisufali profesiis piria,

romelic emorCileba kanonsa da profesiuli eTikis normebs.

misi saqmianobis principebs warmoadgens kanoniereba, pro-

fesiuli saidumlosa da profesiuli eTikis normebis

dacva. igi valdebulia daicvas profesiuli saidemlo

gasuli drois miuxedavad da klientis Tanxmobis gareSe

ar gaavrcelos misgan miRebuli informacia.

Tavisi arsiT, saadvokato saidumlo es aris is infor-

macia, romelic unda miawodos advokats dasacavma pirma,

raTa am ukanasknelma ganaxorcielos srulyofili dacva

da aRmouCinos pirs kvalificiuri iuridiuli daxmareba.

ar aqvs mniSvneloba ra informaciaze aris saubari,yvela

SemTxvevaSi miwodebuli informaciis saidumlod Senaxva

saadvokato saqmianobis umTavresi moTxovnaa, radgan ndobis

faqtori aris is umTavresi Rirebuleba, romelsac mTlianad

efuZneba advokatura.

Tumca saadvokato saidumlos mflobeli SeiZleba iyos

ara marto advokati, aramed kanonieri warmomadgeneli.

aRniSnuli pirebis funqcia samarTalwarmoebis procesSi

advokatis funqciis identuria. anu isini valdebulni ar-

ian gamoiyenon kanoniT nebadarTuli yvela saSualeba da

xerxi TavianTi klientis kanonieri interesebisa da ufle-

bebis dasacavad.

aranakleb mniSvnelovania saeqimo (samedicino) saidum-

loebis dacvac, romelsac sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kanonmdebloba iTvaliwinebs. eqimi mniSvnelovan informacias

iRebs pacientis rogorc piradi, ise ojaxuri, intimuri,

urTierTobis Sesaxeb. eqimi ki profesiuli saqmianobis

ganxorcielebis Sedegad valdebulia,gamonaklisi SemTxveve-

bis garda saidumlod Seinaxos aRniSnuli informacia da

ar dauSvas misi gaxmaureba pacientis Tanxmobis gareSe

rogorc mis sicocxleSi, ise misi gardacvalebis Semdeg.

saeqimo saidumlos subieqtebs ki eqimis garda warmoad-

genen: eqTani, medda, sanitari, bebiaqali, laboranti da a.S.

anu yvela is piri, visTvisac profesiuli an samsaxure-

brivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas cnobili gaxda pacientis

janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli konfiden-

cialuri informacia.

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba aRiarebs da icavs samedi-

cino saidumlos, rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqis piradi

cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis konstituciuri uflebis erT-

erT mniSvnelovan elements.

rac Seexeba Jurnalists anu Jurnalistur saidumlos,

yovel moqalaqes ufleba aqvs flobdes da avrcelebdes

srulyofil informacias im sazogadoebaze, romelSic igi

374 375

cxovrobs da moRvaweobs. aRniSnuli ufleba aRiarebuli

da garantirebulia rogorc ,,adamianis uflebaTa saerTa-

Soriso deklaraciiT~ ise evropiis konvenciiT ,,adamianis

uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ aseve

saerTaSoriso paqtiT ,,samoqalaqo da politikur ufle-

baTa Sesaxeb.~ mowme sisxlis samarTlis procesSi aris

piri, romelic flobs informacias faqtze (movlenaze)

romelTan dakavSirebiTac mimdinareobs sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis gamoZieba da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilva. amitom

igi warmoadgens Seucvlel Jurnalisturi masalebis sa-

fuZvelze dawyebul gamoZiebas,xSirad ki erTaderTi utyu-

ari mtkicebulebis wyaros.

akrZalvas – garkveuli pirebis mowmis saxiT dakiTxvis

Sesaxeb an maT uflebas uari Tqvan mowmis saxiT Cvenebis

micemaze xSirad mowmis imunitetsac uwodeben.

mowmis Cvenebis Sefaseba xorcieldeba kanonmdeblobiT

dadgenili sasamarTlo – sagamoZiebo Semowmebis safuZvelze.

kerZod: mowme valdebulia: gamocxaddes gamomZieblis,

prokuroris, sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT. sworad acnobos

yvelaferi, rac saqmis gamo icis da upasuxos dasmul

SekiTxvebs, ar gaamJRavnos saqmesTan dakavSirebiT misTvis

cnobili garemoebebi Tu amis Sesaxeb gaafrTxila gamomZie-

belma, prokurorma, sasamarTlom.

Tu mowme ar gamocxaddeba arasapatio mizeziT, igi

SeiZleba iZulebiT moiyvanon. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis-

aTvis, cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis, mowmes daekisreba sisx-

lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. mowmes ufleba aqvs:

icodes ra saqmis gamoa gamoZaxebuli: Cveneba misces mSob-

liur enaze, Tu man ar icis sisxlis samarTlis procesis

ena isargeblos Tarjimnis momsaxurebiT, sakuTari xeliT

Camoayalibos Tavisi Cveneba da a.S. utyuari Cvenebis miRe-

bas xels uwyobs dakiTxvis procesualuri forma, kerZod

dakiTxvis mimdinareobisas unda iyos gamokvleuli gare-

moebebi, romlebic iZleva saSualebas Sefasdes mowmis

Cvenebis xarisxi. ukanaskneli aucileblad unda iqnes

gaanalizebuli misi sisrulis, Seusabamobis Sesabamisad.

igi aucileblad unda Sedardes faqtiur monacemebs, rom-

lebic miRebulia sxva wyaroebidan. damazustebeli da

Semavsebeli kiTxvebis dasma mowmisaTvis iZleva saSualebas

movaxdinoT misi Cvenebis detalizeba da aRmovfxvraT ar-

sebuli winaaRmdegobebi. mowmis Cvenebis Semowmeba da Se-

faseba grZeldeba mtkicebis mTel procesSi winaswari

gamoZiebisa da sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis mTel sta-

diaze. mowmis Cvenebis Sefaseba xdeba sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kanonmdeblobis sruli dacviT da im Tavisebu-

rebebis gaTvaliwinebiT, romelic am saxis mtkicebulebas

ganekuTvneba. mowmis Cvenebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi Sesa-

bamisad SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos, kerZod: mowmis Cvenebis

simarTlis Tu siyalbis sakiTxis dadgena da im mowmis

Cvenebis obieqturi utyuarobis sakiTxis garkveva romlis

Sesaxebac ar moipoveba monacemebi Segnebulad cru Cveneb-

is micemis Sesaxeb. mowmis Cvenebis Semowmebisa da Sefase-

bisas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba gaaCnia im garemoebebis

dadgenas, rac gavlenas axdens Cvenebis sisworeze, keTilsin-

disierebaze. mowmis cru Cvenebis mizezi SeiZleba iyos:

mtruli, megobruli an naTesauri urTierToba braldeb-

ulTan an mis naTesavebTan. analogiuri vrceldeba

dazaralebulzec.

mowmis Cvenebis Sefasebisas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eni-

Weba 3 ZiriTad faqtors: aRqmas, damaxsovrebasa da gadmo-

cemas.

adamianis mier nebismieri informaciis miReba aRqmis

376 377

gziT iwyeba, romelic aseve TaviseburebiT xasiaTdeba aRqmis

procesSi, aresebiTi aqcenti am SemTxvevaSi unda gakeTdes

asakze, profesiaze, ganwyobasa da smenaze, aseve mxedveloba-

sa da SegrZnebaze, vinaidan aRqmis sisrulesa da sizusteze

swored es faqtorebi axdenen arsebiT zegavlenas. garda

amisa aRqmis procesze aseve Zalze uaryofiTad moqmedebs

emociis iseTi nairsaxeoba, rogoricaa SiSi anu danaSaulis

epizodebis aRqma adamians eqstremalur situaciaSi uxdeba,

romelsac Tan axlavs SiSi, ra drosac TiToeuli saxe

emociisa TamaSobs motivirebul rols. es mxolod sityve-

bia romelsac adamiani gamoxatavs, sityvebi ki Zalze

mwiria imisaTvis, rom srulad moxdes imis gadmocema

rasac realurad ganicdis adamiani.

emocia mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli im informacia-

sTanac, romelsac Cven viRebT garemomcveli samyarosagan.

anu igi warmoiSoba moulodneli movlenis Sedegad, rom-

lisTvisac Cven ver movaswariT momzadeba, ver SevZeliT

yvela informaciis Sekreba, romelic aucilebelia adeqva-

turi reaqciisaTvis e.i. emocia ar warmoiSoba, Tu Cven

vxvdebiT mocemul situacias saWiro monacemebis sakmarisi

maragiT.

aRqmis sisruleze garkveul gavlenas axdens agreTve

meteologiuri pirobebi (wvima, qari, Tovli da a.S.).

damaxsovrebasa da gadmocemazec swored aRniSnuli

faqtorebi axdenen did zegavlenas. damaxsovrebaze did

gavlenas axdens piris janmrTeloba da asaki, aRqmuli sa-

gnebis codna da STabeWdilebis siZliere. zemoaRniSnuli

subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebi aseve did gavlenas

axdens Cvenebis formirebis procesis mesame Semajamebel

stadiaze _ aRqmulisa da damaxsovrebulis gadmocemaze,

romlis drosac mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli piris

midrekileba aRqmuli faqtis gazviadebisa da fantaziisadmi,misi

STagoneba da unari Seucdomlad da srulyofilad gad-

mosces danaSaulebrivi SemTxvevis Sesaxeb aRqmuli da

damaxsovrebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi.

mowmis sicruis gamosamJRavneblad ki yvelaze saimedo

saSualebas Cvenebis micemis motivis (fsiqologiuri qcevis)

Seswavla warmoadgens, ris gamoc mizanSewonilia im urT-

ierTobis Semowmeba, rac SeiZleba arsebobdes mowmesa da

procesis sxva monawileebs Soris.

Tu mowmis mier winaswari gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo

ganxilvis dros micemul Cvenebebs Soris arsebiTi winaaRm-

degobaa, mxares ufleba aqvs mosamarTlis winaSe daayenos

Suamdgomloba mocemuli Cvenebis dauSvebel mtkicebulebad

cnobis Sesaxeb.

6. eqspertis daskvna.6. eqspertis daskvna. istoriulad cnobilia, rom eqsper-

tad moixsenieboda is piri, romelic specialuri codniT

iyo aRWurvili da romelsac ,,xelovan kacs,~ an ,,damfaseb-

elsac~ uwodebdnen, mosamarTleebic swored eqspertTa

daskvnas eyrdnobodnen – romelTac avaldebdnen SeeswavlaT

esa Tu is sakiTxi da warmoedginaT werilobiTi daskvna,

aseTi pirebi ki Sesabamisad eqspertebad, xolo maT mier

Sedgenili dokumentebi eqspertis daskvnad iwodeboda,

romelsac ganaCenis dasabuTebisaTvis iyenebdnen.

eqspertis daskvnasTan dakavSirebiT procesualur lit-

eraturaSi XIXs. 90-ian wlebsa da XXs. dasawyisSi azrTa

sxvadasxvaoba arsebobda. mecnierTa nawili eqspertis daskv-

nas sxva damamtkicebel sabuTebTan SedarebiT upirates

mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen1. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad,

marTalia eqspertis daskvna garkveuli TaviseburebiT gam-

1 Фойницкий, Курс уголовного судопроизводства, 1899г. стр. 59

378 379

oirCeva, magram misTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mini-

Weba dauSvebelia.

eqspertis daskvnis saproceso forma ganisazRvreba am

saxis mtkicebulebaTa TaviseburebiT.

eqspertis daskvna rogorc mtkicebulebis erT-erTi

saxe arsebiTad gansxvavdeba mowmisa da braldebulis (aseve

sxva saxis mtkicebulebebisagan)Cvenebisagan ramodenime

garemoebiT.

monacemTa wres, romelsac SeiZleba Seicavdes procesis

dasaxelebuli monawileebis Cvenebebi, ganisazRvreba gare-

moebaTa xasiaTiT,romelic eqvemdebareba mtkicebas mocemul

saqmeze. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 96-e mux-

lis Tanaxmad: eqsperti aris piri, romelsac aqvs special-

uri codna mecnierebis, teqnikis, xelovnebis an xelobis

dargSi da romelic gamomZiebelma, prokurorma an sasamarT-

lom, braldebulma, damcvelma, dazaralebulma daniSna

specialuri gamokvlevis Casatareblad da sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmeze saWiro garemoebaTa Sesaxeb daskvnis Sesad-

genad, muSaobs saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi an aqvs licenzia,

iZleva daskvnas Tavisi saxeliT Catarebuli gamokvlevis

safuZvelze da akisria piradi pasuxismgebloba.

specialuri codna, gulisxmobs iseT codnas, romel-

ic scildeba samarTlebrivi codnisa da sayovelTaod

aRiarebuli principebis (WeSmaritebis)farglebs, rom-

lebic gamomdinareoben adamianTa gamocdilebidan da

efuZnebian mas.

specialur codnaSi igulisxmeba profesionaluri cod-

nis, Cvevebisa da ostatobis iseTi erToblioba, romelic

SeZenilia specialuri ganaTlebis Sedegad an dagrovili

gamocdilebis Sedegad. Seesabameba mecnierebis,teqnikis,

xelovnebis an xelobis gansazRvrul sferos ganviTarebis

Tanamedrove dones da sakmarisia saeqsperto gamokvlevis

Casatareblad da kompetenturi daskvnis misaRebad saqmis-

aTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.

specialuri codna ar miekuTvneba im sayovelTaod cno-

bili, sayovelTaod xelmisawvdomi codnis ricxvs, romel-

ic masobrivadaa gavrcelebuli e.i. specialuri codna es

is codnaa, romelsac profesionalur doneze flobs spe-

cialistebis mxolod viwro wre. Tavisi xasiaTiT eqspertis

mosazrebebi, romelic gamomdinareobs Catarebuli gamokv-

levidan SeiZleba iyo mxolod kategoriuli da safuZv-

liani1.

specialuri codna gaaCnia specialistsac,magram yvela

specialisti rodia eqsperti. procesis es ori monawile

gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. eqsperts waredgineba gansa-

kuTrebuli moTxovnebi. igi ar unda iyos saqmis SedegiT

dainteresebuli piri da unda iyos amave dros kompeten-

turi konkretuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas .igi

valdebulia:a.gamocxaddes gamomZieblis, prokuroris,

sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT;misces Cveneba Catarebul eqsper-

tizasTan dakavSirebiT winaswari gamoZiebisas an sasa-

marTlo ganxilvis dros;misces dasabuTebuli da obieq-

turi werilobiTi daskvna dasmul kiTxvebze;ganacxados

TviTacileba da a.S.

rac Seexeba uflebas, mas SeuZlia: gaecnos eqspertiz-

isaTvis saWiro masalebs amoiweros saqmisaTvis saWiro

cnobebi da gadaiRos aslebi; moiTxovos damatebiTi ma-

salebis wardgena; uari Tqvas daskvnis micemaze Tu das-

1 eqspertis daskvna SeiZleba iyos dadebiT kategoriuli an uryofiTi

kategoriuli. sisxlis samarTlis sap¬r¬oceso kodeqsi aseve iTvaliswinebs

saalbaTo an savaraudo daskvnas romelsac ra Tqma unda mt¬ki¬c¬eb¬u¬lebiTi

mniSvneloba ar mieniWeba.

380 381

muli sakiTxebi scildeba misi specialuri codnis farglebs

an misTvis wardgenili masalebi sakmarisi ar aris daskvnis

misacemad; Camoayalibos daskvna ara marto dasmul sakiTx-

ebze, aramed eqspertizis sagans mikuTvnebul sxva sakiTx-

ebzedac, romelTa gamoc misTvis ar dausvamT kiTxvebi; da

a.S. xolo specialisti mxolod saWiro daxmarebas uwevs

gamomZiebels, prokurorsa da sasamarTlos mtkicebulebaTa

aRmoCenaSi, damagrebasa da demonstrirebaSi da ar atarebs

raime saxis gamokvlevas.

mtkicebulebaTa sxva saxeebisagan gansxvavebiT kanoni

adgens garemoebebs, rodesac –eqspertis daskvnis gareSe ar

SeiZleba iqnes aRiarebuli dadgenilad an daudgenlad

iseTi garemoebebi, rogoricaa: a.sikvdilis mizezi; b.janm-

rTelobisaTvis miyenebuli zianis xarisxi da xasiaTi;

g.braldebulis fizikuri an fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, rode-

sac warmoiSveba eWvi, misi Seracxadobis Sesaxeb.

braldebulis asaki,rodesac aRniSnuls aqvs mniS-

vneloba sisxlis samarTlis saqmesaTvis, xolo dokumen-

tebi, romelic adasturebs mis asaks, ar arsebobs an iwvevs

eWvs.

mowmisagan gansxvavebiT, eqsperti, rogorc wesi, aRiqvams

ara iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebs, aramed mtkice-

bulebiT faqtebs. eqspertis daskvnis formirebis process

win uswrebs eqspertis mier aRqmuli da gamokvleuli mt-

kicebulebebis formirebis procesi.

kanonma gansazRvra eqspertis daskvnis, rogorc mtkice-

bulebaTa erT-erTi saxis arsebiTi xasiaTi:werilobiTi

xasiaTi. Sinaarsi ki ganisazRvra eqspertisadmi dasmul

kiTxvebze pasuxiT romelic unda moicavdes mis mier Catare-

buli gamokvlevis aRweras. eqspertis daskvnaSi mtkiceb-

ulebis mniSvneloba aqvs rogorc kvleviT nawils, ise

eqspertiziT dadgenil Sedegs.eqspertis daskvna struqtu-

rulad 3 nawilisagan:Sesavali,aRwerilobiTi da daskvniTi

nawilisagan Sedgeba.

eqspertis daskvnis dasaSveboba fasdeba ramodenime

parametriT: a.eqspertis kvalifikaciis Sesabamisoba Catare-

bul eqspertizasTan; b.kanonmdeblobis sruli dacva; g.

nivTier da sxva saxis mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba, romel-

ic emsaxureba saeqsperto gamokvlevis obieqtebs.

eqspertis daskvnis Sefasebis dasabuTeba moicavs Tavis

TavSi eqspertis mier gamoyenebuli meTodikis gamoyenebas.

gamokvlevis dros eqspertis mier Sesrulebuli foto da

suraTi, grafika, cxrili, naxazi, eqspertis daskvnis Se-

madgeneli nawilia.

SedarebiTi gamokvlevis dros eqspertis mier gakeTeb-

uli eqsperimentuli tyviebi, masrebi da sxva nimuSebi unda

daerTos saqmes, rogor nivTieri mtkicebuleba.

eqspertis daskvna dgeba im SemTxvevaSic, roca eqspert-

ma gamokvleva daiwyo, magram ver daasrula kvlevis obieqte-

bis arasakmarisobis an sakuTari arakompetenturobis gamo.

Tu gamokvlevis dawyebamde darwmundeba kvlevis obieqte-

bis arasakmarisobaSi an sakuTar arakompetenturobaSi, igi

adgens aqts, rom SeuZlebelia eqspertizis Catareba, da am

aqts eqspertizisaTvis gagzavnil sagnebTan erTad ugzavnis

organos, romelmac eqspertiza daniSna. Tu mecnierebisa da

teqnikis Tanamedrove done eqspertis winaSe dasmul sakiTx-

ebze pasuxis gacemis SesaZleblobas iZleva,magram eqsperts

ara aqvs amisaTvis saWiro codna, xelsawyoebi da

reaqtivebi,mas ufleba aqvs miuTiTos,romel samecniero-

kvleviT dawesebulebaSi SeiZleba Catardes aseTi eqsper-

tiza.

Tu saWiro ar aris damatebiTi da axali gamokvlevis

382 383

Catareba eqspertis Cveneba ganmartavs da avsebs mis daskv-

nas.

saqmis gansakuTrebuli sirTulis an mniSvnelobidan

gamomdinare eqspertizis Catareba SeiZleba daekisros ra-

modenime eqsperts. im SemTxvevaSi rodesac eqspertizas

atarebs erTi specialobis mqone ramodenime eqsperti

ewodeba sakomisio eqspertiza.

amasTan eqspertebs daskvnis micemisas ufleba aqvT

mosazrebebi gamoTqvan. Tu komisiis wevrebi mivlen saerTo

daskvnamde _ isini adgenen erTian daskvnas. eqspertiza,

romlis CatarebaSic monawileoben ramodenime sxvadasxva

specialobis mqone eqspertebi ewodeba kompleqsuri eqsper-

tiza.

kompleqsuri eqspertizis warmoebisas yoveli eqsperti

atarebs gamokvlevas Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi. Tu

ar arsebobs azrTa sxvadsxvaoba eqspertebs Soris, daskvna

formdeba komisiuri eqspertizis wesiT.

7. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi.7. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi. nivTieri mtkicebuleba

ewodeba nebismier sagans, romelic Tavisi TvisebebiTa da

niSnebiT, warmoSobiT, aRmoCenis adgiliTa da droiT, masze

darCenili kvaliT dakavSirebulia saqmis faqtobriv gare-

moebebTan da romelsac SeuZlia xeli Seuwyos WeSmarite-

bis dadgenas1.

1 nivTieri damamtkicebeli sabuTi Tavisi mniSvnelobiT yovelTvis ipy-

robda mecnierTa yuradRebas, rac aris mizezic imisa, rom naSromebis didi

nawili sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi sw¬o¬r¬ed aRniSnul

sakiTxs ukavSirdeba. am mecnierTa Soris ki SeiZleba gamovyoT: l.e.vladimirovi,

v.k.¬sluCevski, i.i.foinicki, da sxva avtorebi. Zvelia TviT cnebac ,,nivTieri

mtkicebul¬ebebi¬sa,~romelic jer kidev mravali saukunis win damkvidrdda.

mag: i.eversi mis warmoSobas ruseTsa da saberZneTs So¬ris 911 wels dade-

bul xelSekrulebas ukavSirebs, romlis pirvelive muxlSic avtori ,,Cvene-

bi~ qveS mo¬iazrebs ,,yvela garegan niSans, Wrilobas, laqas.~ Zveli ruseTis

samarTlebriv aqtebSi ki saubaria mtki¬cebulebiTi informaciis matarebel

nivTieri mtkicebuleba aris danaSaulis iaraRi, dana-

Saulebrivi qmedebis sagani an masze darCenili danaSaulis

kvali, danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli fuli da faseu-

loba, agreTve yvela sxva sagani, romelic SeiZleba iyos

danaSaulis aRmoCenis, danaSaulis Camdenis dadgenis an

braldebis uaryofis saSualeba. anu SeiZleba aRmoCenili

iqnes aramarto gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebi, aramed

iseTebic romelTa meSveobiTac Tavisuflad dadgindeba

Caidina Tu ara konkretulma pirma konkretuli qmedeba.

zogjer sagani SeiZleba flobdes nivTieri mtkicebulebis

ramodenime niSans erTad. mag: moparuli nivTi, romelzedac

aRmoCenilia damnaSavis TiTis kvali _ es cvlileba ki

nivTs SeiZleba ganecada aramarto danaSaulis Cadenis mo-

mentSi, aramed danaSaulis Cadenamde an Cadenis Semdegac,

anu es aris Sedegi ara marto uSualo danaSaulis, aramed

sxva moqmedebebis Sesaxebac, romelic pirdapir an iribad

mowmoben konkretuli piris mier danaSaulis Cadenaze an

uaryofen aRniSnuls.

calke saxed SeiZleba ganvixiloT iseTi sagnebi, rom-

lebic imyofebodnen im garemoSi sadac moxda gamosakvlevi

movlena, magram maT ar ganucdiaT saxecvlileba, ar gad-

konkretul sagnebze, moparul purze, Tevzze, gayalbebul sig¬elebze, saqmisaT-

vis mniSvnelovan gadamalul masalebze da a.S. termini nivTieri mtkicebuleba

pirvelad SemoRebul iqna 1812 wlis 27 ianvars miRebul savele sasamarTlos

warmoebis wesdebaSi, romlis 31-e paragrafSic naTqvamia: ,,saqmes mikuTvnebuli

masalebi (qaRaldebi) SeiZleba iyos dokumentebi, an nivTieri mtkicebulebebi,

romlebic amxelen danaSauls.~ 1864 wels miRebuli sisxlis sasamarTlo

warmoebis wesdeba mtkicebulebebis damoukidebel saxed moixseniebs nivTier

mtkicebulebebs, romelsac miakuTvnebs: ,,iaraRs, romliTac Cadenili danaSauli,

gayalbebul dokumentebs, monetebs, sisxlian an dazianebul sagnebs da saerTod

yvelafers, rac napovnia SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebis, Cxrekis an amoRebi-

sas da romelsac SeuZliaT xeli Seuwyon danaSaulis aRmoCenas da damnaSavis

dadgenas.~

384 385

aadgilebulan, Tumca isini Semecnebis obieqtebi SeiZleba

gaxdnen mxolod or SemTxvevaSi: 1. rodesac gamosakvlevi

movlena warmoadgens piris mier moqmedebaTa Seusrule-

blobas, mag: danaSaulebrivi umoqmedoba da 2. rodesac

gamosakvlev movlenas faqtiurad ar hqonia adgili mag:

danaSaulis inscenireba, yalbi alibi da a.S.

aseve aq SeiZleba ganvixiloT iseTi sagnebi an adgili

sadac uSualod moxda gamosakvlevi movlena, anu SemTxve-

vis adgili romelic garesamyaros nawils da amave dros

erTgvar nivTier mtkicebulebasac warmoadgens zogierT

SemTxvevaSi ki damoukidebeli mtkicebulebis saxiTac war-

mogvidgeba, romlis daxmarebiTac SesaZlebeli xdeba gakeT-

des xSir SemTxvevaSi utyuari daskvna momxdar faqtze.

magram ar SeiZleba uaryoT erTi garemoeba, kerZod is, rom

miuxedavad imisa rom gnoseologiuri TvalsazrisiT SemTx-

vevis adgili da nivTieri mtkicebuleba faqtiurad iden-

turni arian, maT iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT mainc ver ga-

vaTanabrebT – im garemoebis gamo, rom maTi garesamyarodan

amoReba SeuZlebelia da Sesabamisad masze arc im sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesis

gavrceleba SeiZleba rac nivTieri mtkicebulebisaTvis aris

dadgenili.

ukanasknel wlebSi kriminalistikuri teqnikis ganvi-

Tarebam mtkicebis procesSi Zalze gazarda nivTieri mt-

kicebulebebis mniSvneloba da roli, rac saSualebas gva-

Zlevs movaxdinoT mtkicebulebebis srulyofilad aRmo-

Cena, amoReba, fiqsireba da maTi gamoyeneba.

sagani nivTier mtkicebulebad cnobili unda iqnes pro-

cesis mwarmoebeli organos ganCinebiT (dadgenilebiT).

nivTieri mtkicebuleba saqmeze darTvamde unda Semowmdes

da dailuqos damswreTa TandaswrebiT. Semowmebisas unda

gamovlindes da aRiweros sagnis individualuri, xolo Tu

amis SesaZlebloba ar aris gvareobiTi niSnebi, romlis

Sedegebic aisaxeba oqmSi. luqis moxsna da nivTieri mt-

kicebulebis ganmeorebiT Semowmeba xdeba damswreTa

monawileobiT.

nivTieri mtkicebuleba dauSveblad iTvleba Tu uaryo-

fili ar aris varaudi misi SesaZlo gamocvlis, an misi

niSnebisa da Tvisebebis arsebiTi Secvlis, anda masze dar-

Cenili kvalis gaqrobis Sesaxeb.

nivTieri mtkicebulebebi unda Semowmdes da gamokvleul

iqnes sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadge-

nili wesis Sesabamisad.

saerTo wesidan gamomdinare nivTieri mtkicebuleba aris

iribi mtkicebuleba. amitom kargad unda dadgindes maTi

Sesaxeboba sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan. Tumca sagamoZie-

bo moqmedebis Catarebis dros yovelTvis ar aris saTanado

SesaZlebloba dadebiTad gadawydes aRniSnuli sakiTxi.

nivTieri mtkicebulebis formirebis procesualuri

etapi sakmaod rTulia. dawvrilebiT unda iyos dadgenili

nivTier mtkicebulebaTa utyuaroba, vinaidan rogorc praq-

tika mowmobs nivTieri mtkicebuleba SeiZleba falsificire-

buli iyos dainteresebuli pirebis mier: gayalbebuli,

xelovnurad Seqmnili, an saerTod ganadgurebuli. nivTier

mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis sakiTxis dadgenis mizniT

umjobesia daikiTxos, braldebuli, dazaralebuli da sxva

pirebi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romelic dakavSirebulia am

sagnebTan, aucileblobidan gamomdinare SesaZlebelia eqsper-

tizis Catareba, aseve sxva gamoZiebisaTvis mniSvnelovani

sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catareba.

nivTier mtkicebulebas inaxavs procesis mwarmoebeli

organo iseT pirobebSi, romlebic gamoricxavs mis da-

386 387

kargvasa da misi Tvisebebis Secvlas. nivTieri mtkiceb-

uleba, romelic ar nadgurdeba an mesakuTresa Tu mflobels

ar ubrundeba, inaxeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Senaxvis

vadiT. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis periodSi

saxelmwifo bankis dawesebulebebSi unda inaxebodes Zvir-

fasi liTonebi, qvebi da Tvlebi, ucxouri valuta, saqarT-

velos fulis niSnebi da sxva fasiani qaRaldebi.

aRniSnuli sagnebi inaxeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan

erTad, Tu mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba aqvs maT individu-

alur niSnebs. didgabaritiani sagani SeiZleba darCes mis

mflobelTan anda adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis an TviTmmarT-

velobis organos warmomadgenelTan, romelic pasuxismge-

beli iqneba am sagnis dacvaze. eqspertizisaTvis gasagzavni

da eqspertisagan miRebuli sagnebi unda iyos daluquli,

rac dadasturebul unda iqnes gamomZieblisa da damswreTa

monawileobiT. igive wesi unda iqnes daculi nivTier mt-

kicebulebaTa fostiT gagzavnisa da miRebis dros.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisad

saqmis warmoebis damTavrebamde gamoZiebis organo mesakuTres

an mflobels ubrunebs: malfuWebad sagnebs, yoveldRiur

yofa-cxovrebaSi aucilebel sagnebs, Sinaur pirutyvs,

frinvels, sxva cxovelebs, satransporto saSualebebs, Tu

maT yadaRa ara aqvT dadebuli.

aRniSnuli sagnis mesakuTre an kanonieri mflobeli

cnobili ar aris, an misi dabruneba SeuZlebelia sxva miz-

eziT, sagani unda Cabardes Sesabamis organizacias gamosay-

eneblad, Sesanaxad Tu mosavlelad.

ganaCenSi, ganCinebasa da dadgenilebaSi saqmis Sewyvetis

Sesaxeb nivTieri mtkicebulebis sakiTxi unda gadawydes

Semdegi formiT: a. Tu danaSaulis iaraRs Rirebuleba ara

aqvs, igi nadgurdeba, xolo mas aqvs raime Rirebuleba,

xdeba misi saproceso konfiskacia; b. Tu brunvidan amoRe-

bul nivTs aqvs raime Rirebuleba, igi gadaecema Sesabamis

dawesebulebas, xolo Tu mas Rirebuleba ara aqvs nadgur-

deba; g. sxva nivTi, romelsac Rirebuleba ara aqvs, nadgur-

deba, xolo dainteresebuli piris an dawesebulebis

SuamdgomlobiT–mas gadaecema; d. danaSaulebrivi gziT mop-

ovebuli fuli da faseuloba xmardeba danaSaulis Sedegad

miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebas, xolo Tu cnobili ar aris

piri, romelsac ziani miadga, saxelmwifo biujets gadae-

cema; e.dazaralebulis, gamarTlebulis an sxva piris kuT-

vnili yvela nivTi da dokumenti, gansasjelisa da im piris

garda, romelTac maTze qonebrivi pasuxismgebloba ekisre-

baT, ubrundeba mesakuTres an mflobels.

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze saqmis Sewyvetisas mate-

rialuri Rirebulebis mqone nivTieri mtkicebulebis

ganadgureba,saproceso konfiskacia da gadacema xdeba mx-

olod mosamarTlis dadgenilebis safuZvelze. romelsac

mosamarTle ganixilavs yvela dainteresebuli piris

monawileobiT, im cnobisa da sxva dokumentis safuZvelze,

romlebic gamomZiebelma waradgina.

nivTieri mtkicebulebis kuTvnilebis gamo dava wydeba

samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT. Tu aseTi dava war-

moiSva, nivTieri mtkicebuleba inaxeba sisxlis samarTlis

saqmesTan sarCelis safuZvelze gamotanili sasamarTlo

gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde. sasamarTlos,

romelic aseT sarCels ganixilavs, ufleba aqvs gamoiTxo-

vos sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan erTad Senaxuli nivTieri

mtkicebuleba. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gafuWebis, ganadgure-

bis an dakargvis SemTxvevaSi misi mesakuTre an mflobeli

iRebs fulad kompensacias. aRniSnuli wesi ar vrceldeba

msjavrdebulis qonebaze, romelic eqvemdebareba saproceso

388 389

konfiskacias, ganadgurebas an samoqalaqo sarCelis anaz-

Raurebas.

8. sagamoZiebo moqmedebis, sasamarTlo moqmedebisa da 8. sagamoZiebo moqmedebis, sasamarTlo moqmedebisa da

sasamarTlo ganxilvis oqmebisasamarTlo ganxilvis oqmebi. sxva dokumentebi.sxva dokumentebi. sagamoZie-

bo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebi da sxva dokumentebi,

gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonm-

deblobiT. maT qveS rogorc wesi moiazreba materialuri

obieqtebi, romelzedac oficialuri pirebi an moqalaqeebi

sayovelTaod miRebuli an sxva saSualebebis meSveobiT

afiqsireben sisxlis samarTlis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis

mqone garemoebebs.

dokumentebi iyofa 2 ZiriTad jgufad: sagamoZiebo da

sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebi; (sssk 125 mux.) sxva doku-

mentebi (sssk 126 mux.).

sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebi ewodebaT

werilobiT oqmebs, romelSic gamomZiebeli, prokurori an

sasamarTlo kanoniT dadgenili wesiT uSualo aRqmisa da

dakvirvebis gziT afiqsireben faqtebs, romlebic eqvemde-

barebian mtkicebas sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. yvela oqms

ar gaaCnia mtkicebulebaTa damoukidebeli wyaros mniS-

vneloba. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis

Tanaxmad maT miekuTvneba: oqmebi, romlebic adastureben

garemoebebsa da faqtebs, SemTxvevis adgilis daTvaliere-

bis, amoRebis, Cxrekis, dakavebis, amosacnobad wardgenis, an

sagamoZiebo eqperimentis warmoebisas. mtkicebulebaTa mi-

TiTebul wyaroebs ar miekuTvneba mowmis, dazaralebulis,

braldebulis, eWvmitanilis dakiTxvis oqmebi. am SemTx-

vevaSi mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba gaaCnia dasakiTxi piris

Cvenebas, romelic dafiqsirebulia dakiTxvis oqmSi da ara

TviTon oqms. sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebs

mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba gaaCniaT im SemTxvevaSi Tu

isini miRebulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmde-

blobis sruli dacviT. aseTi saxis dokumentis ganmasx-

vavebel Taviseburebas warmoadgens is garemoeba, rom misi

Sedgenis subieqtebi arian mxolod kanoniT uflebamosili

pirebi.

sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebis dasaS-

vebobis Sefasebisas unda gairkves misi Semdgenlis kompe-

tenturoba da saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil

normebTan misi Sesabamisoba.

sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa oqmebis Sesax-

ebobis sakiTxis dadgena, rogorc wesi sirTules warmoad-

gens, vinaidan es mtkicebuleba iqmneba rogorc wesi saqmis

warmoebisas da misi kavSiri garemoebebTan, romlebic eqvm-

debarebian mtkicebas, ganisazRvreba danaSaulis kvalis

damagrebis aucileblobiT specialurad uflebamosili

pirebis mier procesualur dokumentebSi.

aseve garkveul sirTules warmoadgens oqmebis utyua-

robis gansazRvra. maTi formirebis procesi, romelic

asaxavs obieqturad arsebuli faqtebis subieqtur aRqmas

procesis mwarmoebeli uflebamosili pirebis mier,moqmedebs

oqmSi arsebuli monacemebis sisworeze. amitom oqmSi gad-

mocemuli informaciis utyuarobis Sefaseba mdgomareobs

dasakvirvebeli obieqtisa da aRqmis fsiqologiuri Tavise-

burebis SeswavlaSi.

sxva dokumenti _ mtkicebulebis es saxe Tavis TavSi

moicavs informaciis materialur matarebels, Tu uka-

nasknels gaaCnia mniSvneloba mtkicebas daqvemdebarebuli

garemoebis dasadgenad. imisaTvis, rom mtkicebulebad iyos

aRiarebuli dokumenti unda Seicavdes saqmesTan dakavSire-

bul monacemebs, aseve informacias, romelic iZleva saSu-

alebas dadgindes subieqti, romlisganac gamomdinareobs

390 391

dokumenti. monacemebi, romelic dafiqsirebulia dokumentSi

SeiZleba iyos warmodgenili rogorc werilobiTi ise sxva

formiT, es SeiZleba iyos foto, kinogadaReba, audio-

videoCanaweri da informaciis sxva matareblebi, romelic

miRebulia, gamoTxovilia an warmodgenilia kanonmdeblobiT

dadgenili wesiT. maTi Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom

isini miiReba rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamoZie-

bis dawyebamde, ise gamoZiebis warmoebis, ganaCenis dadgeni-

sa da misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdgomac.

dokumenti aris nivTieri mtkicebuleba Tu igi Seucv-

lelia, vinaidan masze dafiqsirebuli faqtebi unikaluria

(mag: mxolod erTi egzempliaria, mag: safinanso-dokumentis

gayalbebis kvaliT, im dokumentebisagan gansxvavebiT,

romelTac gaaCniT nivTieri mtkicebulebis niSnebi).

yvela dokumenti SeiZleba davyoT 2 jgufad: oficial-

uri da kerZo dokumentebad. oficialuri dokumentebi

SeiZleba iqnes warmodgenili dawesebulebis, organizacii-

sa da Tanamdebobis piris mier. oficialuri dokumentebis

rekvizitebi unda akmayofilebdes yvela moTxovnas, raTa

ar warmoiSvas eWvi maTi utyuarobis Sesaxeb. zogierT

SemTxvevaSi ki warmoSobili eWvi SeiZleba uaryofil iqnes

aseve axali mtkicebulebis miRebis gziTac (mag: dakiTxvis

gziT). kerZo dokumentebisaTvis (werili, dRiuri, Canaweri

da a.S.) raime sxva savaldebulo forma, ra Tqma unda ar

arsebobs.

sxva dokumentebi _ es aris Senacvlebadi saxis mtkice-

buleba, igi SeiZleba iyos nawarmoebi, vinaidan mtkiceb-

ulebiTi mniSvneloba gaaCnia mxolod maT Sinaarss.

sxva dokumentebis Sesaxebobis sakiTxi ki ganisazRvre-

ba maTi SemadgenlobiT. kerZod, im faqtebis dadgenis

SesaZleblobiT, romelsac mniSvneloba gaaCnia sisxlis

samarTlis saqmisaTvis. dokumentebis utyuarobis dadgena

xorcieldeba dokumentebis Sinaarsis analizis gziT.

9. nebismieri saxis audio-video Canaweri.9. nebismieri saxis audio-video Canaweri. sisxlis sa-

marTlis saqmeze winaswari gamoZiebis srulyofili war-

moeba aris garantia sasamarTlosaTvis, daadginos saqmeze

obieqturi WeSmariteba. winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze

aucilebelia informaciuli uzrunvelyofa, raTa gamoZie-

bis organoebma gansazRvron versiebi da sagamoZiebo moq-

medebebis mimarTulebebi.

winaswari gamoZiebis aseTi informaciuli uzrunvely-

ofa umetesad arasaproceso saSualebebiT xdeba. kerZod:

operatiul-samZebro informaciis roli mniSvnelovania

mtkicebis procesSi. igi gansazRvravs im sagnebis wres

romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnen mtkicebulebad sisx-

lis samarTlis procesSi. faruli audio – video Canaweri

operatiuli informaciaa. misi faruli xasiaTi pirdapir

miuTiTebs samZebro xasiaTze, teqnikuri saSualebebiT mop-

ovebuli informaciis mniSvneloba sadavo ar aris, radgan

es sakmaod zustia. amasTan, teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoy-

enebiT informaciis fiqsaciis mniSvnelovan rols ganapi-

robebs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli SesaZlebloba, daafiqsiros

faqtebi da obieqtebi dinamikaSi, rac saSualebas iZleva

warmatebiT iqnes gadawyvetili sakmaod rTuli amocanebi.

teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia: re-

aluri viTarebisa da sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis dokumenturi

sizustiT asaxva, dafiqsirebuli informaciis Senaxva da

gamoyeneba winaswari gamoZiebisas da sasamarTlo ganxilvis

stadiaze. nebismier dros, aseTi Tvisebebis mqone informa-

cia, mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs saqmeze WeSmaritebis

dadgenaSi. audio Tu videoCanaweri asaxavs saqmisaTvis

mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebs da amtkicebs saqmisaTvis

392 393

mniSvnelovan ama Tu im faqts, amgvari informacia

s.s.procesSi CarTvis Semdeg pirdapir mtkicebulebaa,

romelsac taqtikuri TvalsazrisiTac udidesi mniSvnelo-

ba aqvs, radgan am masalis wardgenas SeuZlia udidesi

fsiqologiuri zewola moaxdinos eWvmitanilsa Tu bral-

debulze.

garda amisa, faruli audio-videoCanaweri s.s. procesSi

SeiZleba mowmis Cvenebis Sesamowmeblad iqnes gamoyenebuli.

es metad efeqturi saSualebaa cru informaciis gamosav-

lenad.

faruli audio-videoCanaweris safuZvliani analizis

Sedegad SesaZlebelia damatebiTi mtkicebulebiTi infor-

maciis miReba, aseve am informaciis safuZvelze. Semdgomi

sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcielebis ufro efeqturi

taqtikis SerCeva. faruli audio-videoCanaweridan miRebu-

li informaciis safuZvelze sagamoZiebo organoebs Seu-

ZliaT gansazRvron im pirTa wre, romelTac kavSiri aqvT

danaSaulebriv qmedebasTan, daadginon misi savaraudo dro

da adgili, agreTve gaarkvion danaSaulis Cadenis pirobebi

da mizezebi1.

faruli audio-videoCanaweri sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesis mier 2004 wlis 13 Tebervalsa da 2005 wlis 25

martis cvlilebebis Sedegad – aRiarebuli iqna mtkiceb-

ulebis damoukidebel saxed. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarT-

lis saproceso kodeqsis 110-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ,,mtkiceb-

ulebad s.s.procesSi dasaSvebia nebismieri saxis audio-

video Canaweri. romlis mopovebisas adgili ar hqonia

pira di cxovrebis saidumloebis darRvevas. faruli audio-

video Canaweri, Tu igi dafiqsirebulia: a.farulad im piris

1 g.mefariSvili ,,miRwevebi Tu danakargebi?~ marTlmsajuleba da kanoni

2006w. #5

mier, romlis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli iyo danaSauli da rome-

lic aris saubris an qmedebis monawile; b.teqnikuri saSuale-

biT SemTxveviT, rac asaxavs ganxorcielebul qmedebas~.

faruli Canawerisas farTod gamoiyeneba faruli saSu-

alebebi sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. operatiul-samZebro

saqmianoba xorcieldeba Ria da konspiraciuli RonisZiebe-

bis SeTanxmebis principis safuZvelze. rac operatiul-

samZebro saqmianobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli da imavdroulad

sxva antikriminaluri xasiaTis iuridiuli saqmianobisagan

ganmasxvavebeli Tvisebaa.

faruli audio-videoCanaweris mtkicebulebad aRiarebiT

iSleba yvela es mijna operatiul – samZebro saqmianobasa

da sisxlis samarTlis process Soris.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi faruli audio-video

Canaweri mtkicebulebad SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mas

Semdeg, rac moxdeba misi saproceso kodeqsis moTxovnaTa

dacviT misi ganxilva da gadawyveta. uSualod saproceso

urTierTobis farglebSi ki audio – video Canaweris

farulad warmoeba dauSvebelia:es dasaSvebia mxolod aras-

aproceso saSualebiT, rac ar gamoricxavs am informaciis

mtkicebis procesSi gamoyenebas. raimes Sesaxeb informacia

SesaZloa miviRoT saproceso formis daucvelad,magram

amgvari informaciis gamoyenebiT mtkiceba s.s.procesis far-

glebSi unda ganxorcieldes.

mtkiceba rTuli procesia, romelic moicavs TiTqmis

yvela saproceso moqmedebas da uzrunvelyofs sisxlis

samarTalwarmoebis amocanebis Sesrulebas saqmeze WeSmar-

itebis dadgeniT. mtkicebis process Seadgens yvela is

saproceso moqmedeba, romelic mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis,

Semowmebisa da Sefasebis mizniT ganxorcielda. informacia,

romelsac mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs mopovebuli

394 395

unda iqnes mtkicebis procesis farglebSi, saproceso moq-

medebebis Sedegad. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi miRebuli cnobebi

ar daerTveba saqmes da ar iqneba gamoyenebuli mtkicebule-

bad. s.s.saproceso kodeqsma faruli audio-video Canaweri

mtkicebulebis saxed miiCnia. magram, cxadia, rom misi mop-

oveba xdeba arasaproceso saSualebiT. amdenad, is ar gane-

kuTvneba mtkicebiTi samarTlis sferos. mis mopovebaSi

uSualod ar monawileobs da am process ar akontrolebs

arc sagamoZiebo organo da arc sasamarTlo, arada swored

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis organoebis mier informaciis

gamovlenis, miRebisa da damagrebis mizniT ganxorcielebuli

moqmedebebis erToblioba uzrunvelyofs informaciis maqsi-

malur sizustes da qmnis misi saimedoobis damatebiT ga-

rantiebs. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, nebismieri audio-

video Canaweris aRiareba mtkicebulebis damoukidebel saxed

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi aramarTlzomieria.

Tumca es ar gulisxmobs imas, rom obieqturi sinamd-

vilis amsaxveli informacia, romelic realurad arsebobs,

roca saqmis Ziebisas s.s.procesis mizani yovelTvis ar

miiRweva, nebismierma informaciam SesaZloa gadamwyveti

roli Seasrulos saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenaSi. araerTi

gauxsneli saqmidan aSkaraa:sagamoZiebo praqtikis winaSe

dgas problema, romlis gadasaWrelad saWiroa ganviTardes

mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis saSualebebi da gaizardos maTi

efeqturoba. amisaTvis, pirvel rigSi, aucilebelia

s.s.procesSi gafarTovdes mtkicebulebiTi baza da uzrun-

velyofil iqnes damnaSaveTa mier kvalis saxiT datovebuli

yvela SesaZlo informaciis maqsimalurad gamodevna da

gamoyeneba. Tu gamoZiebis organoebi aRmoaCenen audio an

viodeo Canawers, romelic danaSaulebrivi qmedebis ama Tu

im garemoebas asaxavs, is ver iqneba datovebuli uyura-

dRebod. mTavari am SemTxvevaSi mtkicebulebis mopovebis

saSualebaa. Tu audiovideoCanaweri, romelic SesaZloa

faruladac iqnes Cawerili, aRmoCenili iqneba mtkicebis

procesSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebis dawyebis

Semdeg, informaciis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba saeWvo ar

aris. faruli audio – video Canaweric imisaTvis, rom es

sisxlis samarTlis saqmes daerTos mtkicebulebad. aucile-

blad unda gairkves misi warmoSobis wyaro da masSi moce-

muli informaciis utyuaroba da saimedooba. es moTxovne-

bi waeyeneba ara mxolod farul audio-video Canawers

aramed nebismieri saxis mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebasa da

saproceso damagrebas.

faruli audio-videoCanaweris Semowmebis ramdeni saSu-

aleba arsebobs. upirveles yovlisa ki aucilebelia mowmis

saxiT daikiTxos Canaweris mwarmoebeli piri. mowmis

dakiTxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebaa, xolo Tavad mowmis Cven-

ebac mtkicebulebis saproceso wyaro. faruli audio-

video Canaweris mwarmoeblis dakiTxviT xdeba mtkiceb-

ulebis iseTi saxis mopoveba, rogoricaa mowmis Cveneba,

romelSic asaxvas povebs operatiuli gziT mopovebuli

informacia. amgvarad, am gziT SesaZlebelia operatiul-

samZebro saqmianobis Sedegad miRebuli faruli audio-

video CanawerSi mocemuli informacia gaxdes saproceso

wyaros Sinaarsi, rac Tavis mxriv SesaZlebels xdis TviT

faruli audio – video CanawerSi mocemuli informacia

gaxdes saproceso wyaros Sinaarsi, da gamoyenebuli iqnes

mtkicebulebad.

396 397

$5. mtkicebulebaTa klasifikacia$5. mtkicebulebaTa klasifikacia

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi gamoZiebisa da sasamarT-

loSi saqmis ganxilvis etapze mravalricxovan faqtebTan

gvaqvs saqme, amitom saWiroa mtkicebulebaTa klasifikacia

anu dayofa calkeul saxeebad garkveuli niSnebis mixedviT,

rac xels uwyobs dasabuTebuli daskvnebis formirebas

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi miRebulia mtkicebule-

baTa klasifikaciis 4 saxe, kerZod: 1. gamamarTlebeli da

gamamyunebeli mtkicebulebebi; 2. pirveladi da warmoebuli

mtkicebulebebi; 3. pirdapiri da iribi mtkicebulebebi; 4.

pirovnuli da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi.

1. gamamarTlebeli da gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebi. 1. gamamarTlebeli da gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebi.

mtkicebulebaTa dayofas gamamtyunebel an gamamarTlebel

mtkicebulebad safuZvlad udevs braldebis sagani e.i. Tu

ra urTierTobaSia mtkicebuleba braldebis saganTan. aRniS-

nul dayofas gaaCnia rogorc Teoriuli, ise udidesi praq-

tikuli mniSvnelobac. vinaidan, yvela sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeze unda iqnes dadgenili, rogorc braldebulis mamx-

ilebeli, ise misi gamamarTlebeli garemoebani, rogorc

braldebulis bralis damamtkicebeli, ise bralis Semamsub-

uqebeli garemoebani.

gamamatyunebel mtkicebulebebs warmoadgenen faqtiuri

monacemebi, romlebic amtyunebs pirs danaSaulis CadenaSi

an amZimebs mis pasuxismgeblobasa da procesualur mdgo-

mareobas. mag: eqspertis daskvna imis Sesaxeb, rom SemTxve-

vis adgilze TiTis anabeWdi datovebulia eWvmitanilis an

braldebulis mier warmoadgens gamamtyunebel mtkicebule-

bas.

gamamarTlebel mtkicebulebebs ki miekuTvneba faqtiuri

monacemebi, romlebic amarTleben pirs garkveuli danaSau-

lis CadenaSi an amsubuqeben mis mdgomareobas. mag: Tu

dadginda, rom braldebuli danaSaulis Cadenis dros im-

yofeboda sxva qalaqSi, es imas niSnavs, rom am momentSi

mas ar SeeZlo Caedina mkvleloba, aRniSnuli garemoebis

dadgena ki amarTlebs pirs danaSaulis CadenaSi da war-

moadgens gamamarTlebel mtkicebulebas.

arsebobs iseTi kategoriis mtkicebulebebi, rodesac

mtkicebulebis erT saxeSi (wyaroSi) dadgenilia rogorc

gamamarTlebeli ise gamamtyunebeli faqtebi, mag: eqspertis

daskvna, rom fexis kvali SemTxvevis adgilze datovebulia

braldebulis mier (gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebaa),xolo

TiTis anabeWdi saganze datovebuli ar aris braldebulis

mier (gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebaa).

gamamarTlebeli da gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebi

Tavis Sefasebas pouloben sabraldebo daskvnaSi. xolo

sabolood ki sasamarTlos ganaCenSi. sabraldebo daskvna,

rogorc winaswari gamoZiebis Semajamebeli iuridiuli

dokumenti unda Seicavdes mtkicebulebaTa TvalsaCino da

damajerebel analizs. rac TavisTavad exmareba sasamarTlos

saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas swori da dasabuTebuli gad-

awyvetilebis miRebaSi. vinaidan ganaCenis dasabuTeba aseve

SeuZlebelia mtkicebulebaTa amgvari dayofisa da maTi

analizis gareSe.

swored aRniSnulidan gamomdinare aqvs mtkicebulebaTa

amgvar dayofas didi Teoriuli da praqtikuli mniSvnelo-

ba.

2. pirveladi da warmoebuli mtkicebulebebi.2. pirveladi da warmoebuli mtkicebulebebi. mtkice-

bulebaTa aseT dayofas safuZvlad udevs mtkicebulebis

miRebis wyaro. pirvelad anu Tavdapirvel mtkicebulebebs

miekuTvneba is mtkicebuleba romelic miRebulia pirveli

398 399

wyarodan. warmoebuli mtkicebulebas ki miekuTvneba iseTi

mtkicebuleba, romelic miRebulia meore wyarodan.

pirvelad mtkicebulebebs warmoadgens mag: danaSau-

lebrivi faqtis TviTmxilveli mowmis Cveneba, xolo im

mowmis Cveneba movlenaze, romelic mas piradad ar unaxia,

magram moismina (gadmocemiT icis) sxva pirisagan aris

nawarmoebi mtkicebuleba. aseve SemTxvevis adgilze aRmo-

Cenili fexis kvali, an dokumentis originali pirveladi

mtkicebulebaa, xolo fexis kvalidan damzadebuli tvifari

an dokumentis asli ki aris nawarmoebi mtkicebuleba.

nawarmoebi mtkicebulebis gamoyenebis yvela SemTx-

vevaSi cnobili unda iyos misi miRebis wyaro (mag: TviT-

mxilveli) da unda moxdes aRniSnuli piris dakiTxva.

vinaidan movlenis TviTmxilveli, gadmoscems faqts zustad

da ufro srulad, vidre is pirovneba, romelmac aRniSnu-

lis Sesaxeb gadmocemiT icis.

TviTmxilvelis Cvenebis Semowmeba gacilebiT martivia

da utyuari. amitom aris ufro misaRebi. Tu SeuZlebelia

ama Tu im monacemis dadgena romlis Sesaxebac iZleva in-

formacias dasakiTxi piri es informacia kargavs Tavis

mtkicebulebiT mniSvnelobas. ar SeiZleba mtkicebulebiTi

mniSvneloba hqondes iseT faqtiur monacems, romelsac

flobs mowme da ar SeuZlia miuTiTos informaciis wyaroze.

aRniSnuli vrceldeba dazaralebulis Cvenebazec. mtkiceb-

ulebaTa dayofas pirvelad da warmoebulad is praqtikuli

mniSvneloba aqvs, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi yovelT-

vis unda inaxebodes pirveladi mtkicebuleba, radgan war-

moebul mtkicebulebasTan SedarebiT igi ufro axloa si-

namdvilesa da obieqturobasTan. Tu sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi erTdroulad aris rogorc pirveladi ise warmoe-

buli mtkicebuleba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi da kanoniT

dadgenili wesiT, warmoebuli mtkicebuleba SeiZleba

daubrundes mis mflobels, xolo saqmeSi unda darCes

pirveladi mtkicebuleba.

warmoebuli mtkicebuleba mxolod maSin SeiZleba iyos

saqmeSi,rodesac pirveladi mtkicebulebis saqmeze darTva

praqtikulad SeuZlebelia swrafadfuWebadobis an didi

moculobis gamo.

3. pirdapiri da iribi mtkicebulebebi.3. pirdapiri da iribi mtkicebulebebi. mtkicebulebaTa

dayofas pirdapir da iribad (arapirdapirad) safuZvlad

udevs mtkicebulebis kavSiri mtkicebis saganTan (garemoe-

bebTan, romlebic unda damtkicdes yvela sisxlis samarT-

lis saqmeze).

mtkicebuleba, romelic uSualo kavSirSia mtkicebis

saganTan, pirdapir da uSualod amtkicebs mtkicebis sagans

an mis romelime elements, warmoadgens pirdapir mtkiceb-

ulebas. mag: Tu mowme iZleva Cvenebas, rom man uSualod

ixila mkvlelobis faqti, aseTi Cveneba warmoadgens pirda-

pir mtkicebulebas, radgan miuTiTebs da adgens mtkicebis

sagnis elementebs: danaSaulis SemTxvevasa da konkretuli

piris mier danaSaulis Cadenas.

mtkicebuleba romelic pirdapir da uSualod ar amt-

kicebs mtkicebis sagans an mis romelime elements, magram

sxva mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobaSi da obieqtur kavSirSi

iZleva imis saSualebas, rom dadgindes saqmeze mtkicebis

sagani an misi romelime elementi, ewodeba iribi mtkiceb-

uleba.

arapirdapir (irib) mtkicebulebaTa gamoyenebis dros

mTavaria damtkicdes dadgenili faqtebis kavSiri mocemul

saqmesTan da maTi erToblioba sakmarisi iyos saqmeze WeS-

maritebis dasadgenad. arapirdapir mtkicebulebas warmoad-

gens mag: eqspertis daskvna imis Sesaxeb, rom maRaziaSi,

400 401

daxlze TiTis anabeWdi datovebulia konkretuli piris

marjvena xelis Sua TiTiT. eqspertis aRniSnuli daskvna

ar amtkicebs mtkicebis sagnis arc erT elements, magram

Tu am faqtis garda, dadgenili iqneba sxva garemoebebi,

kerZod, misi binis Cxrekis dros aRmoCenili sxvadasxva

sagnebi da a.S. erTobliobaSi iZleva saSualebas davadginoT

mtkicebis sagani, piris braleuloba.

4. pirovnuli da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi. 4. pirovnuli da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi. mtkicebule-

baTa dayofas pirovnulad da nivTierad safuZvlad udevs

mtkicebulebiTi faqtebisa da garemoebebis aRqma da misi

gadmocema.

pirovnulia iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic formdeba

werilobiTi formiT. pirovnul mtkicebulebebs miekuT-

vneba dakiTxvis oqmi, Cvenebis adgilze Semowmebis Catare-

bis oqmi, eqspertis daskvna da a.S.

nivTieria iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic gamosaxulia

materialuri obieqtebis saxiT, mag: fexis kvali, nivTebi,

sagnebi, faseuloba da a.S. materialuri obieqtebis Semcveli

informacia gadmocemulia ara sityvieri formiT, aramed

sagnis niSnebis uSualo aRqmiT. nivTieri mtkicebuleba

saWiroebs dawvrilebiT aRweras misi zogadi da kerZo

niSnebis fiqsirebas, aRmoCenis adgilis aRweras, misgan

tvifaris damzadebis procesis asaxvas da a.S.

yoveli mtkicebuleba unda Sefasdes yovelmxrivad,

kritikulad, obieqturad da aseTi Sefasebis Sedegad gan-

isazRvros maTi procesualuri Zala da mniSvneloba.

$6. mtkicebis procesi$6. mtkicebis procesi

mtkicebis procesi mtkicebiTi samarTlis erT-erTi

ZiriTadi sakiTxia. mtkicebis procesi aris procesis mwar-

moebeli piris (gamomZiebeli, prokurori, sasamarTlo,

mosamarTle) da procesis sxva monawileTa (eWvmitanili,

braldebuli, gansasjeli, damcveli, dazaralebuli da a.S.)

kanonis dacvis safuZvelze mtkicebulebaTa Sekrebisa da

aRmoCenis, maTi procesualuri damagrebis, Semowmebisa da

Sefasebis procesi. romelic miznad isaxavs saqmeze WeSmar-

itebis dadgenas. mtkicebis procesi, rogorc Semecnebis

procesi, xorcieldeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis yvela

stadiaze garkveul TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.

mtkicebis procesis Sedegs warmoadgens rogorc Su-

aleduri, ise Sedegobrivi gadawyvetilebis miReba sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeze.

mtkicebis procesi Sedgeba 4 safexurisagan, kerZod:1.

mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCena da Sekreba; 2.mtkicebulebaTa sap-

roceso damagreba; 3.mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba; 4.mtkiceb-

ulebaTa Sefaseba.

mtkicebuleba Cndeba mxolod subieqtis procesualuri

moqmedebis Sedegad romlis warmoebaSic imyofeba sisxlis

samarTlis saqme, amitom mtkicebis procesi warmoudgene-

lia gamoZiebis organos, gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasa-

marTlos saqmianobis gareSe. romlis Sedegsac warmoadgens

miRebuli mtkicebulebebi.

mtkicebulebaTa SekrebamtkicebulebaTa Sekreba _ mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCena da

Sekreba xdeba sxvadasxva gziT, kerZod: sagamoZiebo da

sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa Catarebis dros, procesis mwar-

moebeli piris mier mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovis gziT;

procesis monawileTa mier mtkicebulebaTa wardgeniT; mt-

402 403

kicebulebaTa Sekrebas axdenen gamomZiebeli, prokurori,

sasamarTlo, Sesabamisad sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis 128-e muxlis Tanaxmad mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba

xdeba winaswari gamoZiebis, sasamarTlo ganxilvis, saapel-

acio warmoebisa da ganaCenis aRsrulebis procesSi. sakasa-

cio warmoebis stadiaze warmodgenili an gamoTxovili

damatebiTi masala, romelic ar aris mtkicebuleba, TavisTa-

vad an saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebTan erTad SeiZleba

gaxdes ganaCenis an sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gau-

qmebisa Tu Secvlis safuZveli.

mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCenisa da miRebis ZiriTad saSuale-

bas warmoadgens sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebaTa

Catareba, mtkicebulebTa aRmoCena da miReba xdeba iseT

sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis gziT, rogoricaa dakiTx-

va, amoReba, Cxreka, daTvaliereba, sagamoiZebo eqsperimenti,

gvamis eqshumacia, Cvenebis adgilze Semowmeba, eqspertizis

Catareba, nimuSebis miReba saeqsperto kvlevisaTvis.

sasamarTlo ganxilvisa da saapelacio warmoebis

stadiebze mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba sasamarTlos SeuZlia

daavalos gamomZiebels an prokurors, Tu amisaTvis saWiroa

Cxreka, amoReba, gvamis eqshumacia an sxva sagamoZiebo mo-

qmedeba, romlis Catarebac sasamarTlo sxdomaze ver xe-

rxdeba.

mtkicebulebaTa warmodgena SeuZliaT aseve eWvmitanils,

braldebuls, damcvels, dazaralebuls, samoqalaqo mosar-

Celes, samoqalaqo mopasuxes, maT warmomadgenlebs, nebis-

mier moqalaqes da organizacias. mag: moqalaqem, saxelmwifo

da sazogadoebrivma dawesebulebam SeiZleba Tavisi inicia-

tiviT warmoadginon mtkicebulebebi, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom

maT mflobelobaSi myof sagans, nivTs, dokuments kavSiri

aqvs sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan.

damcvels, agreTve dazaralebuls, samoqalaqo mosar-

Celisa da samoqalaqo mopasuxis warmomadgenlebs ufleba

aqvT: gamoiTxovon cnoba, daxasiaTeba, dokumentebi saxelm-

wifo an kerZo dawesebulebidan, sawarmodan, organizaciidan,

romelic valdebulia Seasrulos aseTi moTxovna, mimarTon

mcodne pirs gamoTqvas Tavisi azri saqmis gamo wamoWrili

specialuri sakiTxis gansamartavad, Catarebuli eqspertizis

Sesafaseblad da Suamdgomlobis dasasabuTeblad.

damcvelisa da warmomadgenlis mier mopovebuli ma-

salebi, dokumentebi, cnobebi unda daerTos saqmes da

SeiZleba waredginos sasamarTlos, rogorc mtkicebule-

bani.

damcvelis dasabuTebuli moTxovna sagamoZiebo moqmede-

bis Catarebis Sesaxeb savaldebuloa gamomZieblisa da

prokurorisaTvis. Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmi

unda daerTos sisxlis samarTlis saqmes, xolo misi asli

gadaeces damcvelsac, romelsac ufleba aqvs daimowmos

isini piris udanaSaulobis an pasuxismgeblobis Semamsub-

uqebel garemoebaTa dasamtkiceblad.

mtkicebulebaTa saprocesi damagreba.mtkicebulebaTa saprocesi damagreba. arc erT mtkice-

bulebas ar aqvs winaswar gansazRvruli mniSvneloba sisx-

lis samarTlis saqmeze. mas procesualuri mniSvneloba

SeiZleba mieniWos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tu igi miRebuli

iqneba saproceso kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviT da amave dros

saTanadod procesualurad damagrebuli. kerZod, mtkiceb-

ulebis mniSvnelobis cnoba unda iqnes Setanili sagamoZie-

bo moqmedebis an sasamarTlo ganxilvis oqmSi. nivTieri

mtkicebuleba ki unda aRiweros oqmSi da daerTos saqmes

ganCinebiT (dadgenilebiT). sasamarTlo moqmedebis oqmi da

dokumenti saqmes unda daerTos specialurad gamotanili

dadgenilebis gareSe.

404 405

mticebulebaTa damagrebis mizniT gamoiyeneba ara mx-

olod oqmi, aramed teqnikuri saSualebebi: fotoaparati,

videoparati, kinoaparati. maTi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb ki unda

mieTiTos Sesabamis sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa oqmebSi, xolo

Sesabamisi masalebi ki daerTos sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa

oqmebs.

mtkicebulebaTa SemowmebamtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba _ mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebas

axorcielebs gamomZiebeli, prokurori da sasamarTlo, e.i.

mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba xorcieldeba procesis yvela

stadiaze, Semowmebas eqvemdebareba rogorc faqtiuri mo-

nacemebi, aseve maTi miRebis wyaroebi, aseve nebismieri mt-

kicebulebebi cal-calke. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebas axor-

cieleben saxelmwifo organoebi da uflebamosili pirebi,

romelTa saqmianobazec aris damokidebuli Sesabamisi pro-

cesualuri gadawyvetilebis miReba. procesis sxva sub-

ieqtebi mxolod iReben monawileobas mtkicebulebaTa

SemowmebaSi. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba xdeba saproceso

moqmedebaTa saSualebiTa da logikuri gziT.

mecnierebisa da teqnikis miRwevebi aqtiurad inergeba

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. mag: calkeuli eqspertizis

Catarebis gziT. videoCanaweris gamoyenebis gziT mtkiceb-

ulebaTa Semowmebisas da a.S.

kanonma gansazRvra maTi saTanadod fiqsaciis proce-

sualuri wesi.

mtkicebulebaTa SefasebamtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba _ mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba

warmoadgens mtkicebis procesis aucilebel da Semjamebel

safexurs, mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba warmoadgens gamomZieb-

lis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis azrobriv da logikur

process. mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebisas isini xelmZRvanelo-

ben TavianTi Sinagani rwmeniT, afaseben mtkicebulebebs

kanonis dacvis safuZvelze yovelmxriv, srulyofilad da

obieqturad.

mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba xdeba procesis yvela stadi-

aze. kanoni adgens procesis yvela stadiisaTvis saerTo

moTxovnebs mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebisas.

mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis dros gaTvaliswinebuli unda

iqnes eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis, dazarale-

bulis, mowmis Cvenebis formirebis procesic, romelsac

SeuZlia garkveuli zemoqmedeba moaxdinos Cvenebis aRiare-

bis obieqturobaze,mxedvelobaSi unda iyos miRebuli faqte-

bisa da garemoebaTa aRqma, damaxsovreba da gadmocema.

CvenebaTa Sefasebis dros gaTvaliwinebuli unda iyos

aRqmis rogorc subieqturi, ise obieqturi garemoebani

romlebic gavlenas axdenen CvenebaTa sisworeze.

CvenebaTa Sefasebis dros aseve gaTvaliwinebul unda

iqnes aRqmuli da damaxsovrebuli Cvenebis gadmocemis un-

ari.

Tu CvenebaTa Sefasebis procesSi dadgindeba, rom pirs

ar SeeZlo sworad da srulyofilad aReqva danaSaulis

CadenasTan dakavSirebuli faqtebi da garemoebebi, am SemTx-

vevaSi, kanonis Sesabamisad, unda dainiSnos fsiqiatriuli

an kompleqsuri fsiqiatriul-fsiqologiuri eqspertiza.

eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis CvenebaTa Se-

fasebis dros unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli da amave dros

kritikulad Sefasebuli bralis aRiarebis faqti, gaTqma,

TviTgaTqma da alibi.

bralis aRiareba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos utyu-

ar mtkicebulebad misi kritikuri Sefasebis gareSe. bralis

aRiareba SeiZleba arasworad iyos miCneuli, Tu Sefasebis

procesSi dadginda, rom bralis aRiarebas adgili hqonda

garkveuli Tanxis miRebis mizniT da a.S.

Sefasebis procesSi yuradReba unda gamaxvildes iseTi

406 407

faqtis dadgenaze, rogoricaa gaTqma. gaTqma niSnavs imas,

rom eWvmitanili, braldebuli, gansasjeli amxels dana-

SaulSi sxva pirs im mizniT, rom aicilos pasuxismge-

bloba. TviTgaTqma ki gulisxmobs piris mier Tavisi dana-

Saulis aRiarebas (im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mas aRniSnuli

qmedeba ar Caudenia) im mizniT, rom dafaros mis mier

Cadenili mZime danaSauli da gamoZieba, sasamarTloSi saqmis

ganxilva warmarTos araswori gziT.

aseve kritikulad unda Semowmdes alibi. (alibi – niS-

navs imas, rom danaSaulis Cadenis dros piri imyofeboda

sxva adgilze da am dros da am momentSi ar SeeZlo Cae-

dina mocemuli danaSauli). alibis gancxadebis SemTxvevaSi

daculi unda iqnes 2 piroba: alibis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT

unda iyos dakiTxuli pirovneba da Cvenebis siswore unda

Semowmdes swrafad da operatiulad.

mtkicebulebaTa yovelmxriv, srulyofil da obieqtur

Sefasebas mtkicebis procesSi pirvelxarisxovani mniS-

vneloba eniWeba radgan sabolood gansazRvravs TiToeuli

mtkicebulebis Zalasa da procesualur mniSvnelobas konk-

retul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.

Tavi VIITavi VII

pasuxismgebloba winaswari gamoZiebis dros da sasamarTloSi saproceso movaleobaTa

Seusruleblobisa da wesrigis darRvevisaTvis

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis srulyofili, yovelmxrivi

da obieqturi gamoZiebisaTvis, sasamarTloSi ganxilvisa da

gadawyvetisaTvis, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi

garkveul garantiebs iZleva, winaswari gamoZiebis dros da

sasamarTloSi saproceso movaleobaTa Seusruleblobisa

da wesrigis darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis dawesebiT.

am garantiaTa jgufSi calke unda gamovyoT: a) sisxlis

samarTlis procesis monawileTa pasuxismgebloba sapro-

ceso movaleobaTa SeusruleblobisaTvis; b) sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis monawileTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-

suxismgebloba winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT akrZaluli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmede-

bis CadenisaTvis da g) pasuxismgebloba sasamarTloSi

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis stadiaze, sasamarTlo

xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis da

wesrigis darRvevisaTvis.

a) sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa pasuxismge-

bloba saproceso movaleobaTa SeusruleblobisaTvis iT-

valiswinebs: erTis mxriv sisxlis samarTlebriv pasuxismge-

blobas, ase magaliTad: Tu mowme an dazaralebuli uars

ityvis Cvenebis micemaze, mas daekisreba saqarTvelos sisx-

lis samarTlis kodeqsis 371-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. mowmes an dazarale-

buls ar daekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-

bloba Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis, Tu isini eWvmi-

408 409

tanilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis an msjavrdebulis

axlo naTesavebi arian, an Tu unda upasuxon im SekiTxvebs,

romelic amxels maT danaSaulis CadenaSi. saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e muxliT gaTvaliswineb-

uli sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba dadgeba im

SemTxvevaSic, roca gamoZiebis dros an sasamarTloSi mowme

an dazaralebuli miscems cru Cvenebas, aseve, sisxlissa-

marTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba dadgeba eqspertis Tu igi

miscems yalb daskvnas an cru Cvenebas, xolo Tarjimani ki

ganzrax arasworad Targmnis saproceso dokuments an pro-

cesis monawilis Cvenebas. mowmis an dazaralebulis sisx-

lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba dadgeba saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 3711-e muxliT, Tu isini mar-

TlmsajulebisaTvis Segnebulad xelis SeSlis mizniT

arsebiTad urTierTsawinaaRmdego Cvenebas miscemen gamoZie-

bis dros an sasamarTloSi (aqcenti ZiriTadad gadata-

nilia sasamarTloze). saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis 373-e muxliT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismge-

blobaa gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb cru

dasmenisaTvis.

meores mxriv, sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawile-

Ta mxridan saproceso movaleobis Seusrulebloba warmo-

Sobs ara sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas, aramed

iseTi saxis iZulebiT RonisZiebas, rogoricaa fuladi ja-

rima. ase magaliTad, Tu eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani

an damswre uars ityvis an Tavs aaridebs Tavis movaleo-

baTa Sesrulebas arasapatio mizeziT, mas saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 203-e muxliT

dadgenili wesiT daekisreba fuladi jarima 500 laramde

odenobiT.

xolo, Tu mowme, dazaralebuli ar Seasruleben

gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos kanonier moTx-

ovnebs _ uars ityvian Semowmebis, eqspertizis Catarebis,

SedarebiTi kvlevisaTvis nimuSebis miRebis Sesaxeb, mosa-

marTle prokuroris mier damtkicebuli samarTaldarRvevis

oqmisa da TandarTuli masalebis safuZvelze maT daakisrebs

fulad jarimas 500 laramde odenobiT. mosamarTle aRniS-

nuli wesis dacviT daakisrebs fulad jarimas 500 laramde

odenobiT yvela im pirebs, romlebic xels SeuSlian

gamomZiebels, prokurors, sasamarTlos SemTxvevis adgilis

daTvalierebis, sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis, gvamis eqshumaci-

is, Cxrekis an amoRebis CatarebaSi. aseTive pasuxismge-

bloba daekisrebaT iuridiul pirTa an administraciul

organoTa xelmZRvanelebs, romlebic xels SeuSlian

gamomZieblis, prokuroris an sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT im

pirTa gamocxadebas, romlebic arian braldebuli, eWvmita-

nili, dazaralebuli, mowme, specialisti, eqsperti, Tar-

jimani, samoqalaqo mosarCele, samoqalaqo mopasuxe, maTi

warmomadgenlebi; agreTve imisTvis, Tu ganuxilveli darCa

an/da droulad ar gaeca pasuxi kerZo ganCinebas (dadge-

nilebas) an wardginebas kanonis darRvevisa da danaSaulis

Cadenis xelSemwyobi mizezebisa da pirobebis Sesaxeb (sssk-

is 205-e muxli).

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 206-e muxli

awesebs qonebriv pasuxismgeblobas Tavdebi pirebis mimarT;

braldebulis, gansasjelis saxeliT giraos Semtani pire-

bis mimarT; mSoblebis, meurveebis da mzrunvelebis mimarT,

Tu isini nakisr valdebulebas ver Seasruleben, ver uz-

runvelyofen braldebulis saTanado qcevas da gamomZieblis,

prokuroris, sasamarTlos gamoZaxebiT maTTan gamocxadebas.

magram Tu Tavdebi pirebi, aseve arasrulwlovani bralde-

bulis mSoblebi, meurveebi, mzrunvelebi daamtkiceben, rom

410 411

braldebulis saTanado qcevis SesaZlebloba ver uzrunve-

lyves dauZleveli Zalis moqmedebis gamo (mag. oTaxSi Ca-

ketes, gaTokes da a.S.), isini gaTavisufldebian qonebrivi

pasuxismgeblobisagan. aRniSnuli pirebi, im SemTxvevaSic

ganTavisufldebian pasuxismgeblobisagan, Tu procesis

mwarmoebel pirebs mimarTaven werilobiT da uars ityvian

nakisr valdebulebaze im safuZvlis gamovlenamde, romel-

sac maTi pasuxismgebloba mosdevs (uaris Tqmis safuZveli

SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos, mag. avadmyofoba, ojaxSi urT-

ierTobis gauareseba da a.S). rac Seexeba, braldebulis an

gansasjelis saxeliT giraos Semtan pirs, Tu igi darw-

mundeba, rom ver uzrunvelyofs braldebulis an gansasje-

lis savaldebulo qcevas da mis droul gamocxadebas

gamomZiebelTan, prokurorTan an sasamarTloSi, mas ufle-

ba aqvs amis Taobaze, saqmeze saboloo gadawyvetilebis

miRebamde werilobiT mimarTos procesis mwarmoebel or-

ganos da is am droidan pasuxs aRar agebs braldebulis

an gansasjelis qcevaze (erTi Tvis vadaSi srulad daubrun-

deba giraos saxiT Setanili fuladi Tanxa).


207-e muxlis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, Tu dadgindeba, rom

procesis monawile arasapatio mizeziT ar gamocxadda

gamomZiebelTan, prokurorTan, sasamarTloSi daTqmul dro-

sa da adgilas, ramac gamoiwvia sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxil-

vis an sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis gadadeba, am sapro-

ceso moqmedebaTa gadadebiT gamowveuli xarjebi sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili odenobiT

gadaxdeba gamoucxadebel pirs. aseve, Tu procesis monawile

saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesis mixedviT gamo-

Zaxebulia sasamarTloSi da ar gamocxaddeba arasapatio

mizeziT, mosamarTle valdebulia daajarimos igi 100 lar-

idan 500 laramde. fuladi jarimis gadaxda procesis mona-

wiles ar aTavisuflebs gamocxadebis valdebulebisagan.

b) sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileTa sisxlis

samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis weszea saubari saqarT-

velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 209-e mux-

lSi, Tu winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis warmoebis dros, procesis romelime monawile sasa-

marTlo xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg Caidens danaSauls. aq,

upirveles yovlisa igulisxmeba iseTi danaSauli, rodesac

mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebis dros pro-

cesis monawile saqmis yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi

gamoZiebisaTvis xelis SeSlis mizniT prokuroris an

gamomZieblis saqmianobaSi ama Tu im formiT ukanonod Caer-

eva; an/da daemuqreba prokurors, gamomZiebels, damcvels,

eqsperts, samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawiles an maT axlo

naTesavs sicocxlis mospobiT, janmrTelobis dazianebiT,

qonebis ganadgurebiT, dazianebiT; an/da moaxdens mtkiceb-

ulebaTa ganadgurebas, falsifikacias da a.S. magaliTad,

yaCaRobis faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamomZiebeli awarmoebs

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebas da braldebuli dae-

muqreba mas, Tu ar Sewyvets winaswar gamoZiebas xelyofs

misi ojaxis romelime wevris sicocxles an aufeTqebs

sacxovrebel saxls (muqara realuria). braldebulis es

qmedeba damoukidebeli danaSaulis Semadgenlobas gvaZlevs

da misi gamovlenisTanave gamomZiebeli uflebamosilia dai-

wyos am faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba. magram gamoZieba

unda awarmoos ara im gamomZiebelma vis winaaRmdegac mi-

marTulia aRniSnuli qmedeba (is dainteresebuli piria),

aramed sxva gamomZiebelma an prokurorma.

rac Seexeba cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis piris (mowme,

dazaralebuli) mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganx-

412 413

orcielebas, igi SeiZleba daiwyos ganaCenis an sxva Sema-

jamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi

Sesvlis Semdeg.

g) saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeq-

sis 208-e muxli iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas sasamarT-

loSi wesrigis darRvevisaTvis, romlis ZaliTac sasa-

marTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles) adgilze

TaTbiriT gamoaqvs gankarguleba procesis monawilis an/da

sxdomaze damswris dajarimebis an/da sxdomis darbazidan

gaZevebis Sesaxeb, Tu isini sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganx-

ilvis dros arRveven wesrigs, gamoxataven sasamarTlo

sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) gankargulebisadmi

daumorCileblobas an sasamarTlos mimarT upativcemulobas.

wesrigis damrRvev pirs, maT Soris gaZevebulsac, sxdomis

Tavmjdomaris gankargulebiT SeiZleba daekisros jarima

50 laridan 500 laramde odenobiT, razedac gaicema

saaRsrulebo furceli. Tu dajarimebuli piri isev ganagr-

Zobs wesrigis darRvevas, sxdomis Tavmjdomares SeuZlia

dauyovnebliv gazardos jarimis odenoba, magram ara umetes

500 larisa.

Tu sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis

dros piris qmedeba mimarTulia imisaken, rom CaiSalos

sasamarTlo procesi an igi gamoxatavs aSkara an/da uxeS

upativcemulobas sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis), gnebavT pro-

cesis monawilis an mxaris mimarT, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris

miTiTebiT sasamarTlos mandaturi ganaxorcielebs piris

dakavebas da Seadgens dakavebis oqms. Tavis mxriv, sxdomis

Tavmjdomare adgens mimarTvas, romelSic aRwers darRvevas,

da ugzavnis gankarglebis gamotanaze uflebamosil sasa-

marTlos (mosamarTles). dakavebuli piri dauyovnebliv,

magram ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa, unda waredginos Sesabamis

sasamarTlos (mosamarTles), romelic uflebamosilia gan-

kargulebiT dakavebul pirs Seufardos 30 dRe-Ramemde

vadiT patimroba. Tu dadgindeba, rom pirs erTxel ukve

Sefardebuli hqonda aRniSnuli qmedebisaTvis patimroba,

sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) uflebamosilia gankargulebiT

Seufardos mas 60 dRe-Ramemde vadiT patimroba. aqve, unda

gvaxsovdes, rom Tu piris mxridan sasamarTlosadmi, pro-

cesis monawilisadmi an mxaris mimarT aSkara an/da uxeSi

upativcemuloba an procesis CaSlisaken swrafva gamov-

linda raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac ori an

orze meti mosamarTlea, gankarguleba wesrigis damrRvevi

piris dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdo-

mares. xolo Tu darRveva moxda sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris

monawileobiT gamarTul sxdomaze, gankarguleba gamoaqvs

mis mier gansazRvrul sxva mosamarTles. Tu xsenebuli

saxis darRveva moxda magistrati mosamarTlis mier saqmis

ganxilvisas, gankarguleba gamoaqvs im raionuli (saqalaqo)

sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romlis SemadgenlobaSicaa es

magistrati mosamarTle. saapelacio sasamarTloSi gankar-

guleba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo Tu

darRveva moxda sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris monawileobiT

gamarTul sxdomaze, gankarguleba gamoaqvs mis moadgiles

an mis mier gansazRvrul sxva mosamarTles. saqarTvelos

uzenaes sasamarTloSi, garda didi palatisa, gankarguleba

gamoaqvs erT-erTi palatis Tavmjdomares. saqarTvelos

uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palataSi saqmis ganxilvisas

gankarguleba gamoaqvs im mosamarTles, romelic ar

monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi.

Tu moxda ise, rom sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis ganxilvisas wesrigi daarRvia im pirma, romlis

vinaobac daudgenelia, TviTon damrRvevic uars acxadebs

414 415

sakuTari vinaobis gamJRavnebaze an sxva obieqtur garemoe-

baTa gamo SeuZlebelia misi pirovnebis vinaobis dadgena,

sasamarTlos mandaturi adgens oqms, romelSic aRiwereba

wesrigis damrRvevi piris yvela SesaZlo garegnuli niSani

(savaraudo asaki, sqesi, simaRle, Tmis feri, Tvalis feri,

sxva garegnuli Taviseburebani da niSnebi), romliTac

SesaZlebelia am piris gaigiveba (dadgena). aseve SesaZle-

belia, oqmSi aRniSvniT pirs mieniWos pirobiTi saxeli

cifrebis an/da anbanis simboloebis imgvari kombinaciiT,

rac saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebidan gamomdinare Sesa-

Zlebels gaxdis am piris gaigivebas (dadgenas). aRniSnuli

oqmi da damrRvevis fotosuraTi daerTvis Tavmjdomaris

(mosamarTlis) gankargulebas. Tu xsenebuli piri wesrigis

darRvevisaTvis sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazidan gaZevebuli

an/da dapatimrebuli unda iqnes, gankarguleba aRsruldeba

dauyovnebliv, xolo dajarimebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo

sxdomis Tavmjdomaris gankarguleba da sasamarTlos man-

daturis mier Sedgenili oqmi darRvevis Sesaxeb, damr-

Rvevi piris fotosuraTTan erTad egzavneba saqarTvelos

iusticiis saministros piris gaigivebis (identificirebis)

mizniT da aRsasruleblad.


211-e muxli iTvaliswinebs piris pasuxisgebaSi micemis wess,

sasamarTlo ganxilvis stadiaze sasamarTlo xelisufleb-

is winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis. am danaSaulTa

ricxvSi upirveles yovlisa igulisxmeba sasamarTlos

saqmianobaSi ama Tu im formiT ukanono Careva samarTal-

warmoebis ganxorcielebaze zegavlenis mizniT; aseve sasa-

marTlos upativcemuloba, rac gamoixata samarTalwarmoe-

bis monawilis SeuracxyofiT; aseve sasamarTloSi saqmis

an masalis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT mosamarTlis an misi

axlo naTesavis mimarT sicocxlis mospobis, janmrTelobis

dazianebis anda qonebis ganadgurebis Tu dazianebis muqara

da a.S. Tu sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis stadiaze gamov-

linda, rom arsebobs safuZveli sasamarTlo xelisufleb-

is winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis procesis monawilis

an/da sxdomaze damswre piris sisxlis samarTlis pasuxis-

gebaSi misacemad, sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) ganaCenTan an

sxva Semajamebel gadawyvetilebasTan erTad gamoaqvs

ganCineba (dadgenileba), rom prokurors winaswari gamoZie-

bisaTvis gaegzavnos saTanado masalebi. amave dros sasa-

marTlos mandaturi uflebamosilia daakavos danaSaulis

CadenaSi eWvmitanili piri da dauyovnebliv gadasces igi

policias an sxva samarTaldamcav organos. sasamarTlos

mandaturi piris dakavebis Taobaze adgens oqms da Tuki

eqneba sakmarisi safuZveli eWvisaTvis, rom dakavebul pirs

aqvs iaraRi an cdilobs Tavidan moiSoros danaSaulis

CadenaSi Tavisi mamxilebeli mtkicebulebebi, Cautarebs

pirad Cxrekas, rasac kidec aRniSnavs dakavebis oqmSi.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kanonmdeblis mier

dawesebuli pasuxismgebloba winaswari gamoZiebis dros da

sasamarTloSi saproceso movaleobaTa Seusruleblobisa

da wesrigis darRvevisaTvis, garkveul garantias qmnis

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieq-

turi gamoZiebis da sasamarTloSi ganxilvis uzrunvelyofis

TvalsazrisiT, agreTve moqalaqeTa uflebebis, kanonieri

interesebis dasacavad.

416 417

Tavi VIIITavi VIII

sisxlis samarTlis procesis zogadi nawilis sxva debulebebi


mexuTe kari (Tavebi 26-e _ 32-e) ganixilavs da wyvets

zogadi nawilis iseT debulebebs, romlebic damaxasiaTebe-

lia saproceso urTierTobis dros warmoqmnili orga-

nizaciuli da saproceso sakiTxebis gadawyvetasTan. sap-

roceso kanonis ZaliT aRniSnul sakiTxebs miekuTvneba:

saproceso vadebi; sasamarTlo xarjebi da maTi anazRau-

reba; reabilitacia; SuamdgomlobaTa ganxilva da gadaw-

yveta; saCivari, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianeba da

gamoyofa, dabolos, sasamarTlos, prokuroris, gamomZieblis

urTierTqmedeba sazRvargareTis saxelmwifoTa Sesabamis

organoebsa da Tanamdebobis pirebTan samarTlebrivi dax-

marebis gawevis mizniT. aRniSnuli sakiTxebi daxasiaTebuli

unda iyos cal-calke.

$1. saproceso vadebi$1. saproceso vadebi

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi saproceso vadebis cne-sisxlis samarTlis procesSi saproceso vadebis cne-

bis qveS igulisxmeba drois is gansazRvruli monakveTi, bis qveS igulisxmeba drois is gansazRvruli monakveTi,

ra periodSiac Catarebul unda iqnes kanoniT gaTval-ra periodSiac Catarebul unda iqnes kanoniT gaTval-

iswinebuli esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba anda miRebul iswinebuli esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba anda miRebul

iqnes garkveuli gadawyvetileba.iqnes garkveuli gadawyvetileba.

saproceso literaturaSi saproceso vadebis saxeebad

dayofas sxvadasxva kriteriumiT axdenen.

zogierTi avtori saproceso vadebs or saxed yofs:

pirvels miakuTvnebs im vadebs, romlebic kanoniTaa dadge-

nili da gaTvaliswinebulia erTgvarovani samarTlebrivi

urTierTobis yvela SemTxvevisaTvis, xolo meores _ vadebs,

romlebsac adgens sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis ganmaxor-

cielebeli organoebi1.

avtorTa garkvekuli nawilic, saproceso vadebs or

saxed yofs, magram aseT dayofas isini axdenen sxva krite-

riumiT: kerZod ki: pirvel saxes miakuTvneben vadebs,

romelTa mizanicaa maqsimalurad Seamciron drois mon-

akveTi momxdar faqtsa da piris mimarT Sesabamisi sasjelis

saxeobis (Tu sxva RonisZiebis) Sefardebas Soris. meore

saxeobas miakuTvneben vadebs, romlebic qmnian garantias

realurad iqnes daculi procesis monawileTa uflebebi

da kanonieri interesebi2.

avtorTa nawili saproceso vadebs sam saxed yofs: ab-

soluturad gansazRvruli, SedarebiT gansazRvruli da

alternatiuli.

absoluturad gansazRvrul saproceso vadebs miakuT-

vneben zustad gansazRvrul dros, romlis ganmavlobaSic

unda Sesruldes konkretuli saproceso moqmedeba. abso-

luturad gansazRvrulia saproceso vada, rodesac kanoni

iTxovs, Sesruldes esa Tu is sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, dauy-

ovnebliv gaTavisufldes patimrobaSi myofi gansasjeli

sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazidan Tu igi gaamarTles da a.S.

SedarebiT gansazRvrul vadad miiCneven kanonSi miTiTe-

bul saproceso vadis minimalur da maqsimalur zRvars.

magaliTad, `ganaCenis gamocxadebidan ara ugvianes 5 dRe-

Ramisa, xolo rTul, mravaltomian an mravali piris saqmeze

1 ix. Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ: Ó÷åáíèê äëÿ âóçîâ / Ïîä ðåä. Â. Ï. Áîæüåâà, 2-îå èçä., – Ì., ñïàðê, 2000, ñ. 210.

2 ix. Òåðòûøíèê Â.Ì., Óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ. Ó÷åá. ïîñîáèå, 2-îå èçä., Õàðüêîâ, 1999, ñ. 26.

418 419

_ ara ugvianes 14 dRe-Ramisa, ganaCenis asli unda gadaeces

msjavrdebuls an gamarTlebuls (sssk-is 514-e muxli) da

a.S.

alternatiuli saproceso vadebia, rodesac kanoni iT-

valiswinebs saproceso moqmedebis Catarebas ama Tu im

drois monakveTSi. magaliTad, `braldeba wayenebul unda

iqnes dadgenilebis gamotanidan ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa,

xolo daniSnul dros braldebulis gamoucxadeblobis

SemTxvevaSi _ ara ugvianes misi moyvanidan 24 saaTSi~

(sssk-is 283-e muxli) da a.S.1

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

saproceso vadebis klasifikacias axdenen sxvadasxva safuZ-

vlebiT, magram maT yvela SemTxvevaSi erTnairi daniSnule-

ba aqvT _ uzrunvelyon sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis swrafi

da drouli msvleloba, raTa mokle monakveTSi dadgindes

WeSmariteba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT

dadgenili vadebi kodeqsis 212-e muxlis Tanaxmad: gamoiT-

vleba saaTebiT, dRe-RameebiT, TveebiT.

vadebi, romelic saaTebiT gamoiTvleba, gaTvaliswinebulia

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Semdeg

muxlebSi: me-12 muxli (III naw.); me-13 muxli (II naw.); 24-e muxli (VI naw.); 72-e muxli (II nawili); 83-e muxli II, VII nawilebi); 108-e muxli (IX naw.); 138-e muxli (I naw.); 140-e muxli (VIInaw.); 160-e muxli (I, II naw.); 195-e muxli (II naw.); me-200 muxli (I naw.); 243-e muxli (I naw, III naw.); 283-e muxli (I naw.); 290-e muxli (II naw.); 292-e muxli (IV naw.); 302-e muxli; 416-e muxli (III naw.); 647-e muxli (IV naw.).

1 Ñîâåòñêèé óãîëîâíûé ïðîöåññ. Ó÷åáíèê, îòâ. ðåä. Ê. Ô. Ãóöåíêî, Þðèäè÷åñêàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà, Ì., 120-121.

vadebi, romelic dRe-RameebiT gamoiTvleba, gaTval-

iswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis Semdeg muxlebSi: 137-e muxli (I naw.); 147-e

muxli; 231-e muxli (VI naw.); 399-e muxli (II naw.); 413-e muxli; 454-e muxli (II naw.); 455-e muxli (I naw.); 462-e muxli (II naw.); me-500 muxli (VI naw.); 514-e muxli; 636-

e muxli (I naw.).rac Seexeba dReebiT vadebis gamoTvlas, igi Sinaarso-

brivad uTanabrdeba dRe-RameebiT vadebis gamoTvlas. dRee-

biT vadebis gamoTvla gaTvaliswinebulia xsenebuli kod-

eqsis Semdeg muxlebSi: 72-e muxli (I naw.); 83-e muxli (V da VII nawilebi); 108-e muxli (XI, XII nawilebi); 140-e

muxli (XV naw.); 163-e muxli (I, II nawilebi); 242-e muxli

(IV naw.); 285-e muxli (IV naw); 449-e muxli (II naw.); 475-e muxli (IV naw.); 527-e muZli (I naw.); 529-e muxli (III naw.); 552-e muxli (II naw.); 596-e muxli (III, V nawilebi);

598-e muxli (II, III nawilebi); 599-e muxli (VII naw.).vadebi, romelic TveebiT gamoiTvleba, gaTvaliswinebu-

lia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

Semdeg muxlebSi: 50-e muxli (IV naw.); 75-e muxli (IV naw.); 162-e muxli (III, IX nawilebi); 226-e muxli (II naw.); 528-e muxli; 607-e muxli (I naw.d) punqti, II naw.); 610-e muxli

(III naw.); 618-e muxli (V naw.).wlis mixedviT vadebis gamoTvlisas gamoiyeneba Tveebis

mixedviT vadebis gamoTvlis wesi. TiToeuli weli tolia

Tormeti Tvis. wlebis mixedviT vadebis gamoTvla gaTval-

iswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saprocepso

kodeqsis 228-e (I naw.); 601-e muxlis II naw. da 607-e mux-lis (I naw. b), g) punqtebiT.

vadebis gamoTvlisas, rogorc es aRniSnulia saqarT-

velos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 212-e mux-

420 421

lSi; `mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba is dRe-Rame da saaTi,

romlebiTac iwyeba vadis dineba, garda dakavebisa, dapatim-

rebisa, romelTa xangrZlivobac gamoiTvleba wuTebiT~. ase

magaliTad, policiis dawesebulebaSi uflebamosil Tanam-

debobis pirTan dakavebulis miyvanisTanave dauyovnebliv

unda Sedges dakavebis oqmi, sadac unda mieTiTos, rogorc

dakavebis dRe, aseve misi miyvanis saaTic. ramdenadac am

momentidan ukve aiTvleba eWvmitanilis dakavebis vada.

saproceso kanonmdebloba ara mxolod adgens vadebs,

aramed gansazRvravs imasac, Tu ra samarTlebrivi da faq-

tobrivi Sedegi mohyveba maT daucvelobas. ase, magaliTad,

kanonmdebeli aRniSnavs, rom dakavebis vada braldebis way-

enebamde ar unda aRematebodes 48 saaTs. Tu momdevno 24

saaTis ganmavlobaSi sasamarTlo ar miiRebs gadawyvetile-

bas dapatimrebis an aRkveTis RonisZiebis sxva saxis gamoy-

enebis Sesaxeb, piri dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisufldes.


gaTvaliswinebulia sxvadasxva saproceso moqmedebaTa

Catarebis vadebi, rogorc winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze,

aseve sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa warmoebisas.

saproceso vadebi procesis monawileebs aZlevs SesaZle-

blobas gansazRvrul vadaSi daicvan sakuTari interesebi:

Seitanon saCivari Sesabamisi pirebis ukanono moqmedebis

Sesaxeb, aRZran Suamdgomloba, gaakeTon SeniSvnebi sasa-

marTlo sxdomis oqmSi, waradginon damatebiTi masalebi da

a.S.

aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-

eqsis 213-e muxli vadas gacdenilad ar Tvlis, roca sa-

Civari, Suamdgomloba an sxva dokumenti fostas Cabarda

vadis amowurvamde, aseve vadis gasvlamde gadaeca an

gamoecxada mis miRebaze uflebamosil pirs, xolo dapa-

timrebulTaTvis an Tu piri imyofeba samedicino daweseb-

ulebaSi _ saCivari an sxva dokumenti sapatimro adgilis

an samedicino dawesebulebis administracias Cabarda vadis

gasvlamde.

vadis gagrZeleba ki SeuZlia procesis mwarmoebel or-

ganos.

vadis gagrZelebisagan unda ganvasxvaoT gacdenili vadis

aRdgena. Tu vada sapatio mizeziTaa gacdenili, igi aRdge-

nili unda iqnes im organos an Tanamdebobis piris dadge-

nilebiT, romlis warmoebaSic imyofeba saqme. sapatio

mizeziT vadis gacdenis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba vadis

gamcden pirs.

vadis gacdenasTan dakavSirebiT gasaCivrebuli gadaw-

yvetilebis aRsruleba, dainteresebuli piris Suamdgom-

lobiT, SeiZleba SeCerdes gacdenili vadis aRdgenis Ses-

axeb sakiTxis gadawyvetamde (sssk 215-e muxli).

Tu vada ar iqna aRdgenili da saproceso moqmedeba

Catarda dadgenili vadis Semdeg, es moqmedeba baTilad

CaiTvleba (saproceso vadebis gamoTvlis, dacvis wess, vadis

gagrZelebas, gacdenili vadis aRdgenisa da mis Sedegebs

gansazRvravs saqarTvelos saproceso kodeqsis 212-e _

216-e muxlebi).

$2. sasamarTlo xarjebi$2. sasamarTlo xarjebi

sasamarTlo xarjebis cnebis qveS igulisxmeba is fu-sasamarTlo xarjebis cnebis qveS igulisxmeba is fu-

ladi saxsrebi, romelic daxarjul iqna winaswari gamoZie-ladi saxsrebi, romelic daxarjul iqna winaswari gamoZie-

bisa da sasamarTlos mier konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis bisa da sasamarTlos mier konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis warmoebisas.saqmis warmoebisas.

rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 217-e

muxlSia aRniSnuli, sasamarTlo xarjebia: a) winaswari

422 423

gamoZiebis, prokuraturisa da sasamarTlos Sesanaxad

saxelmwifo biujetidan daxarjuli fuladi saxsrebi sisx-

lis samarTlis TiToeul saqmeze; b) procesis mwarmoebel

organoSi sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebebSi monawile-

obisaTvis procesis monawileTa gamoZaxebasTan dakavSirebiT

maTi gadasaxdelebisa da gasamrjelosaTvis daxarjuli

fuladi saxsrebi.

sasamarTlo xarjebi Sedgeba: a) dazaralebulis, mowmis,

specialistis, eqspertisaTvis gadaxdili Tanxebisagan _

gamocxadebis xarjebisa da dRiuri Tanxis anazRaurebis

wesiT; b) saproceso movaleobaTa Sesasruleblad eqspertis,

specialistisa da TarjimnisaTvis gasamrjelos saxiT gad-

axdili Tanxebisagan. g) mowmisaTvis, dazaralebulisa da

misi kanonieri warmomadgenlisaTvis, romelTac mudmivi xe-

lfasi ara aqvT gadaxdili Tanxebisagan, Tu es pirebi moscd-

nen Cveulebriv saqmianobas; d) procesis mwarmoebel or-

ganoSi procesis monawileTa gamoZaxebasTan dakavSirebiT maT

mier gacdenili mTeli drois ganmavlobaSi miuRebeli xel-

fasis anazRaurebis saxiT gadaxdili Tanxebisagan; e) eWvmi-

tanilisaTvis, braldebulisa Tu gansasjelisaTvis iuridi-

uli daxmarebis gasawevad damcvelisaTvis saxelmiwifos mier

gadaxdili Tanxebisagan _ im SemTxvevebSi, roca es pirebi

gaTavisuflebulni arian damcvelis Sromis anazRaurebisagan,

an roca monawileobs damcveli daniSvniT; v) nivTier mt-

kicebulebaTa Senaxvisa da gadagzavnisaTvis daxarjuli

Tanxebisagan; z) saxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi

eqspertizis Casatareblad daxarjuli Tanxebisagan; T) eWvmi-

tanilisa da braldebulisaTvis saxelmwifo biujetidan

daxmarebis saxiT gadaxdili Tanxebisagan, Tu es pirebi ga-

dayenebul iqnen Tanamdebobidan; i) dazaralebulisaTvis

danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis kompensaciis saxiT

gadaxdili Tanxebisagan. k) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZie-

basTan an sasamarTloSi ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT gamomZie-

blis, prokuroris, mosamarTlisa da operatiuli muSakebi-

saTvis xelfasis saxiT gadaxdili Tanxebisagan.

zemoT aRniSnuli 217-e muxlis me-2 nawilis à~, `g~,

`d~, è~, `v~ da `z~ qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli sasamarTlo

xarjebi sasamarTlom SeiZleba daakisros msjavrdebuls da

Caricxos saxelmwifo biujetSi anda gadauxados fizikur

an iuridiul pirs mis mier gaweuli xarjebis kompensaci-

is saxiT.

Tu msjavrdebulia ramdenime piri, sasamarTlo xarjebi

daekisreba TiToeul maTgans wilobrivad _ bralis xarisx-

is, daniSnuli sasjelis simkacrisa da qonebrivi mdgo-

mareobis gaTvaliswinebiT. gadaxdevinebisas solidaruli

pasuxismgeblobis gamoyeneba dauSvebelia.

sasamarTlo uflebamosilia sasamarTlo xarjebis gad-

axdisagan mTlianad an nawilobriv gaaTavisuflos msjavrde-

buli gadaxdisuunarobis, Sromisuunarobis an ojaxis mZime

materialuri mdgomareobis gamo. sasamarTlo xarjebis

gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian gardacvlili braldebulis

an msjavrdebulis memkvidreebi.

kerZo braldebis saqmeze, saqmis warmoeba Tu Sewydeba

mxareTa Serigebis gamo, sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs sasa-

marTlo xarjebi daakisros orive mxares an erT-erTs.

msjavrdebuls SeiZleba Seumcirdes Sesabamisad gad-

asaxdeli sasamarTlo xarjebis saerTo Tanxa Tu: Catarebul

iqna arasaWiro sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi, Seyovnda winaswari

gamoZieba, sisxlis samarTlis saqme dabrunebul iqna damate-

biT gamoZiebaSi an axali sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis, gam-

ovlinda sasamarTlo Secdomebi da daikarga dro maT

gamosasworeblad da a.S.

424 425

Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvisas dakmayofilebul iqneba

samoqalaqo sarCeli, xarjebis dafarva daekisreba samo-

qalaqo mopasuxes, xolo misi uaryofis SemTxvevaSi _

samoqalaqo mosarCeles.

dazaralebulis, mowmis, specialistis, eqspertisaTvis

gadasaxdel TanxebSi igulisxmeba maTi mgzavrobis xarjebi

sagamoZiebo-sasamarTlo organoebis adgilsamyofelamde da

piruku, mudmiv sacxovrebel adgilamde. rogorc wesi, mg-

zavrobis xarjebis anazRaureba xdeba mgzavrobis damadas-

turebeli dokumentebis (bileTebis) wardgenis safuZvelze.

aseve mowmes, specialists, eqsperts, romlebic gamoZaxeb-

ulni iyvnen winaswar gamoZiebasa da sasamarTloSi, samuSao

adgilas unarCundebaT saSualo xelfasi (maT Soris _

premia, danamati da anazRaureba SeTavsebiTi samuSaosaTvis).

Tu arasaxelmwifo sawarmos, dawesebulebis an organizaci-

is administracia uars ambobs procesis monawilisaTvis

saSualo xelfasis gadaxdaze, maSin gadaxda warmoebs

saxelmwifo biujetidan.

eWvmitanils, braldebuls an maT naTesavebs SeuZliaT

dadon SeTanxmeba advokatTan sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi

damcvelis saxiT monawileobis Sesaxeb. dacvis pirobebsa

da xarjebis anazRaurebis wess mxareebi TviTon gansaz-

Rvraven. dacva miRebulad iTvleba SeTanxmebis xelmoweris

Semdeg.

Tu damcveli iniSneba procesis mwarmoebeli piris mier

gadaxdisuunarobis gamo, maSin misi Sroma anazRaurdeba

saxelmwifo biujetidan. anazRaurebis odenoba ki ar Sei-

Zleba iyos dadgenil ganakveTze naklebi.


218-e muxlis me-7 nawilSi aRniSnulia, rom: `winaswari

gamoZiebis dros, agreTve gansasjelis gamarTlebis an sare-

abilitacio safuZvelze saqmis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi sasa-

marTlo xarjebis gadaxda ar xdeba~.

$3. reabilitacia $3. reabilitacia


28-e Tavi (muxlebi 219-e – 229-e) dawvrilebiT Aaregu-

lireba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis organoebis ukanono da

dausabuTebeli moqmedebis Sedegad moqalaqeebisadmi miyen-

ebuli zianis anazRaurebis safuZvlebs da wess. sssk iT-

valiswinebs reabilitaciisa da sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesis mwarmoebeli organos (piris) mier ukanono an daus-

abuTebeli moqmedebis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis anazRau-

rebis gamartivebul wess saerTo safuZvliT zianis anaz-

Raurebis wesTan SedarebiT.

sssk adgens zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis ramdenime

winapirobas:

1. ziani unda iyos ukanono qmedebis Sedegi;

2. igi gamowveuli unda iyos piris ukanonod an daus-

abuTeblad:

_ dakavebis,

_ dapatimrebis,

_ samedicino dawesebulebaSi eqspertizisaTvis moTavse-

bis Sedegad,

_ Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis,

_ Cxrekis,

_ amoRebis,

_ qonebaze yadaRis dadebis,

_ sagamoZiebo eqsperimentis,

_ Semowmebis,

_ samarTalwarmoebis organoebis sxva ukanono an daus-

426 427

abuTebel moqmedebaTa Sedegad.

3. ukanono qmedebebi Cadenili unda iyos sisxlis sa-

marTlis procesis mwarmoebeili organos (piris) mier.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis mwarmoebeli organoebis

ukanono an dausabuTebeli moqmedebis Sedegad miyenebuli

zianis anazRaurebisas yvela gadasaxdeli gadaixdevineba, am

organoebis Tanamdebobis pirTa bralis miuxedavad. gad-

asaxdeli ar iniSneba, Tu udanaSaulo pirisaTvis msjavris

dadeba da mis mimarT iZulebis RonisZiebis gamoyeneba

gamowveuli iyo winaswarganzraxulad cru aRiarebiT (TviT-

gaTqmiT), romelic miRebulia raime iZulebis gareSe.

4. unda anazRaurdes pirisaTis miyenebuli nebismieri

saxis ziani.

nawilobriv reabilitacias eqvemdebareba piri, Tu zem-

dgomma sasamarTlo instanciam Secvala qmedebis kvalifika-

cia an sasjelis RonisZieba ise, rom faqtobrivad moxdili

sasjeli aRmoCnda meti an ufro mkacri, vidre sabolood

daniSnuli, anda Tu ganaCenidan amoiricxa braldebaTa

nawili, ris gamoc aRar aris safuZveli dakavebisaTvis,

dapatimrebisaTvis an Tavisuflebis aRkveTisaTvis.

fizikuri ziani anazRaurdeba saxelmwifos mier Tanxis

gadaxdiT, mkurnalobis xarjebis, Sromisunarianobis da-

kargvis an daqveiTebis sakompensaciod, Tu daavadeba gamoi-

wvia sapatimro adgilebSi dapatimrebulis yofnis reJimis

darRvevam.

sssk iTvaliswinebs fizikuri zianis sruli moculobiT

anazRaurebas saxelmwifos mier im SemTxvevSi, Tu dadgin-

deba, rom pirs janmrTeloba dauzianda:

_ dakavebis,

_ dapatimrebis,

_ samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis,

_ Tavisuflebis SezRudvis an

_ Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi msjavrdebulis

yofnis wesebis darRvevis an

_ samedicino daxmarebis droulad gauwevlobis,

_ aseve kanoniT dadgenili sasamarTlo eqspertizisa

da sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis wesis darRvevis

Sedegad.

janmrTelobis Seryevis mizezis dasadgenad aucilebelia

samedicino eqspertiza.

kerZod, aRniSnuli zianis anazRaurebis mizniT gaTval-

iswinebulia:

a) miyenebuli zianisaTvis erTdrouli gadasaxdeli,

romlis odenobasac sasamarTlo gansazRvravs daavadebis

simZimisa da prognozis gaTvaliswinebiT, magram Sromis

anazRaurebis as minimalur odenobamde;

b) mkurnalobis xarjebi;

g) ormagi odenobis pensia invalidobis dadgenis SemTx-

vevaSi.

moTxovna miyenebuli fizikuri zianis anazRaurebis

Sesaxeb wayenebuli unda iqnes:

_ sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas,

_ sasjelis moxdis procesSi da

misi moxdis Semdeg 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi.

2. reabilitirebulisaTvis ukanono an dausabuTebeli

moqmedebis Sedegad miyenebuli qonebrivi ziani sruli

moculobiT anazRaurdeba da moicavs:

a) xelfass an sxva Semosavals, romelic sareabilita-

cio pirs moaklda, maT Soris, anacdeni sargebeli;

b) pensias, daxmarebas, – Tu maTi gadaxda SeCerebuli

iyo;

428 429

g) fuli, fuladi anabrebi da maTi procentebi, obli-

gaciebi da maTi wilxvedri mogeba, sxva fasiani qaRaldebi

da maTze miRebuli Semosavali;

d) sasamarTlo ganaCenis an sxva gadawyvetilebis sa-

fuZvelze saxelmwifo biujetSi Setanili nivTebisa da sxva

qonebis Rirebulebas;

e) sasamarTlo ganaCenis an sxva gadawyvetilebis sa-

fuZvelze gadaxdevinebuli jarimebi da sasamarTlo xar-

jebi;

v) Tanxas, romelic gadaxda msjavrdebuls daniSvniT

dacvis ganxorcielebisaTvis;

z) advokatisaTvis gadaxdili honorars SeTanxmebiT

dacvis ganxorcielebisaTvis;

T) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebasTan dakavSirebiT

gaweul xarjebs.

im piris gardacvalebisas, romelsac ziani miadga, zianis

anazRaurebis ufleba gadadis mis memkvidreebze.

gadauxdel pensias da daxmarebas anazRaurebs social-

uri uzrunvelyofis organoebi, xolo yvela sxva saxis

zians – Sesabamisi safinanso organo saxelmwifo biujeti-

dan. dasabrunebeli fulisa da nivTebis Rirebulebis ind-

eqsacia xdeba gadaxdis dRes arsebuli saSualo-sabazro

fasebiT, inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT.

3. moraluri zianis anazRaureba xdeba presaSi an maso-

brivi informaciis sxva saSualebiT bodiSis moxdis gziT,

agreTve fuladi kompensaciiT

publikacia sruli an nawilobrivi reabilitaciis

yvela SemTxvevis Sesaxeb unda gamoqveyndes saqarTvelos

iusticiis saministros oficialur gamocemaSi.

mosamarTle, prokurori an gamomZiebeli, romelic mi-

iRebs gadawyvetilebas reabilitaciis Sesaxeb, valdebulia

dauyovnebliv Seatyobinos amis Taobaze sawarmos, daweseb-

ulebisa Tu organizaciis administraciasa da SromiT koleq-

tivs, sadac muSaobda an swavlobda reabilitirebuli.

Tu cnobebi dakavebis, dapatimrebis, samedicino dawese-

bulebaSi moTavsebis, Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis, Cxrekis,

sxva iZulebiTi moqmedebis, braldebis Sinaarsisa da gamam-

tyunebeli ganaCenis Sesaxeb gaavrceles masobrivi infor-

maciis saSualebebma, isini valdebulni arian gamoaqveynon

informacia reabilitaciisa Tu saTanado saproceso moq-

medebis ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis Sesaxeb.

organo, romelmac miiRo gadawyvetileba reabilit-

aciis Sesaxeb, reabilitirebuls aZlevs misi udanaSaulo-

bis damadasturebel dokuments.

Tu romelime saproceso moqmedebis Sedegad pirs qone-

brivi, fizikuri an moraluri ziani miadga, am zianis anaz-

Raurebis garda, samarTalwarmoebis Sesabamisi organo

(Tanamdebobi piri) romelTa ukanono qmedebamac gamoiwvia

zianis miyeneba, moTxovnis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi am qmedeb-

iT dazaralebul pirs werilobiT uxdis bodiSs.

4. imavdroulad sssk iTvaliswinebs aseve im pirisaTvis,

romelic ukanonond an dausabuTeblad iyo msjavrdebuli,

vinc aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patimrobaSi imyofeboda,

an iyo dakavebuli an moTavsebuli samedicino dawesebule-

baSi sxva uflebaTa aRdgenas. kerZod:

1. samuSaodan (Tanamdebobidan) gaTavisuflebis SemTx-

vevaSi _ misTvis winandeli samuSaos (Tanamdebobis) micemas,

an Tu es SeuZlebelia_ sxva tolfasi samuSaoTi (Tanamde-

bobiT) uzrunvelyofas;

2. saswavleblidan garicxvis SemTxvevaSi _ saswavleb-

elSi aRdgenas;

3. sacxovrebeli binis dakargvis SemTxvevaSi _

430 431

daubrundes adre dakavebuli bina, xolo Tu es SeuZlebe-

lia-saxelmwifom mas riggareSe misces tolfasi keTilmow-

yobili sacxovrebeli bina imave dasaxlebul punqtSi, sa-

binao farTobis moqmedi normebisa da misi ojaxis wevrTa

Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswinebiT;

4. samxedro da sxva wodebebis, saklaso Cinebis, or-

denebis da medlebis CamorTmevis SemTxvevaSi _ dadgenili

wesiT unda aRudges wodebebi, saklaso Cinebi, daubrundes

ordenebi da medlebi.

Tu arsebobs monacemebi, rom ziani miyenebulia gamomZie-

blis an prokuroris ukanono anda dausabuTebeli moqmede-

bis Sedegad, pirs, romelsac Tavi dazaralebulad miaCnia,

ufleba aqvs saCivari Seitanos sasamarTloSi winaswari

gamoZiebis damTavrebamde. mosamarTle saCivars ganixilavs

erTpirovnulad, momCivnisa da im organos warmomadgenlis

monawileobiT, romlis moqmedebac saCivrdeba da gamoaqvs:

1. dadgenileba saCivris dakmayofilebis da miyenebuli

zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romelSic dasabuTebuli unda

iyos miyenebuli zianis saxeoba da odenoba; an

2. dasabuTebuli dadgenileba saCivris dakmayofilebaze

uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.

mosamarTles, romelmac winaswari gamoZiebis dros

ganixila saCivari miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,

ufleba ara aqvs SemdgomSi ganixilos sisxlis samarTlis

saqme, romlis gamoc Setanili iyo saCivari. mosamarTlis

dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT. mosa-

marTlis kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli dadgenileba gamoricxavs

sasamarTloSi samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis wesiT imave

moTxovnis dasakmayofileblad mimarTvis SesaZleblobas.

mas Semdeg, rac prokurori Sewyvets sisxlissamarT-

lebriv devnas an/da winaswar gamoZiebas im safuZvliT,

romelsac reabilitacia mosdevs, saqmes gadascems sasamarT-

los, romlis gansjadic iyo es saqme, da es imave dRes

unda ecnobos reabilitirebuls. Tu prokurori sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyveti-

sas ar gansazRvravs zianis odenobas, reabilitirebuls

ufleba aqvs pirdapir mimarTos sasamarTlos. saqmis miRe-

bidan ara ugvianes erTi Tvisa mosamarTle atarebs sxdomas

da gamoaqvs dasabuTebuli dadgenileba reabilitirebu-

lisaTvis miyenebuli yvela saxis zianis anazRaurebis Ses-

axeb. mosamarTlis dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes

saapelacio wesiT.

Tu reabilitaciis safuZveli gamovlinda sasamarTloSi,

mosamarTlem (sasamarTlom) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb gamamarTlebel ganaCenSi an ganCinebaSi

(dadgenilebaSi), romelsac reabilitacia mosdevs, unda cnos

reabilitirebulisaTvis miyenebuli yvela saxis zianis anaz-

Raurebis ufleba. ganaCenis an ganCinebis (dadgenilebis)

asli reabilitirebuls unda gadaeces xelze an gaegzavnos

fostiT. mas ganemarteba, rom zianis anazRaurebisa da ufle-

bebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadeba sasamarTloSi Setanili

unda iqnes gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis an reabilitaciis sxva

aqtis gamotanis dRidan 6 Tvis vadaSi. reabilitirebuls

ufleba aqvs mimarTos reabilitaciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileb-

is gamomtan sasamarTlos, romelic reabilitirebulis

gancxadebis mixedviT gansazRvravs misTvis miyenebuli zianis

odenobas, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moiTxovs safinanso

da socialuri uzrunvelyofis organoebis gaangariSebas. Tu

sasamarTlom saqme Sewyvita misi sakasacio wesiT ganxil-

visas, zianis odenobas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, romelmac

ganaCeni gamoitana, oRond sxva SemadgenlobiT. gagamamarTle-

beli ganaCeni, sasamarTlos, mosamarTlis prokuroris

432 433

ganCineba (dadgenileba) mareabilitirebeli safuZvliT sisx-

lissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyve-

tis Sesaxeb Tavad warmoadgens gadawyvetilebas piris re-

abilitaciis Sesaxeb da am sakiTxis (TviT reabilitaciis

faqtis) dasadgenad sasamarTlo ganxilva aRar tardeba.

sasamarTlo ganxilva reabilitaciasTan dakavSirebiT Seex-

eba ara TviT reabilitaciis faqtis dadgenas (rac ukve

dadgenilia Sesabamisi mareabilitirebeli gadawyvetilebiT)

aramed_ ukve reabilitirebulisaTvis miyenebuli zianis

anazRaurebas da mis aRdgenas uflebebSi.

zianis odenobis gansazRvris Semdeg sasamarTlos gamo-

aqvs ganCineba (dadgenileba) yvela saxis zianis anazRaure-

bis Sesaxeb. gerbiani beWdiT damowmebuli ganCinebis (dadge-

nilebis) asli gadaecema an egzavneba reabilitirebuls,

xolo misi gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi – mis memkvidreebs,

raTa es asli warudginon organoebs, romlebic valdeb-

ulni arian aanazRauron yvela saxis ziani.

reabilitirebulisaTvis yvela saxis zianis anazRaure-

bis Sesaxeb ganCineba (dadgenileba) SeiZleba saapelacio

wesiT gaasaCivron reabilitirebulma, prokurorma, dain-

teresebulma pirma da organizaciam, romlebsac exeba sasa-

marTlos moTxovna reabilitirebulisaTvis yvela uflebis

aRdgenis Sesaxeb.

Tu reabilitaciis safuZveli gamovlinda sasamarT-

loSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas,

mosamarTlem (sasamarTlom) gamamarTlebel ganaCenSi an

mareabilitirebeli safuZvliT sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb dadgenilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) unda

cnos reabilitirebulis ufleba moiTxovos miyenebuli

zianis anazRaureba.

Tu moqalaqis moTxovna SromiTi, sapensio, sabinao an

sxva uflebis aRdgenis, anda qonebisa Tu misi Rirebuleb-

is dabrunebis Sesaxeb ar dakmayofilebula, an Tu moqalaqe

ar eTanxmeba miRebul gadawyvetilebas, mas ufleba aqvs

mimarTos sasamarTlos Sesabamisi moTxovniT, sasarCelo

warmoebis wesiT, gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis an reabilit-

aciis Sesaxeb sxva aqtis gamotanis dRidan 3 wlis ganmav-

lobaSi.

sasamarTlosaTvis sarCeliT mimarTvis samwliani vadis

gaSvebis SemTxvevaSi piri uflebamosilia gacdenili vadis

aRdgenis (sapatiod CaTvlis) Sesaxeb gancxadebiTY mimarTos

im sasamarTlos, romelSic unda Setaniliyo sarCeli. vadis

sapatio mizeziT gacdenisas sasamarTlom es vada unda aR-

adginos.

reabilitaciis Sesaxeb ganCinebis (dadgenilebis) Ses-

ruleba savaldebuloa yvela dawesebulebis, sawarmosa da

organizaciisaTvis, sakuTrebis formis miuxedavad.

Tu gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni an ganCineba (dadgenileba)

reabilitaciis Sesaxeb gauqmebulia da gamamtyunebeli gan-

aCeni gamotanilia, sasamarTlom SeiZleba SecdomiT re-

abilitirebuls daakisros zianis asanazRaureblad miReb-

uli Tanxis gadaxda. sasamarTlos agreTve SeuZlia gaauq-

mos reabilitaciis sxva RonisZiebebi.

rogorc ukve avRniSneT, sssk detalurad aregulirebs

reabilitaciis da sisxlis samarTlis procesis organoe-

bis ukanono da dausabuTebeli moqmedebis Sedegad miyen-

ebuli zianis anazRaurebas. sssk 12.4 muxli adgens, rom

ùkanonod da dausabuTeblad TavisuflebaSezRudul pirs

aqvs misTvis miyenebuli zianis srulad anazRaurebis

ufleba~. ufleba ukanono da dausabuTebeli dakavebis

Sedegad miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis miRebaze garan-

tirebulia eWvmitanilis da braldebulisTvisac (muxli

434 435

73.1 da muxli 76.2). imavdroulad, sssk 150-e muxli iT-

valiswinebs ukanono da dausabuTebeli dakavebis Sedegad

miyenebuli zianis sruli moculobiT anazRaurebas saxelm-

wifo biujetidan, imis miuxedavad, iqneba Tu ara dakave-

buli msjavrdebuli. magram sssk 165-e muxli, romelic

aseve aregulirebs piris ukanono an dausabuTebeli dakave-

biT da dapatimrebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis

sakiTxebs principulad sawinaaRmdego debulebebs Seicavs

da adgens, rom qonebrivi ziani pirs sruli moculobiT

aunazRaurdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dadginda, rom misi

dakaveba an dapatimreba ukanono an dausabuTebeli iyo.

150-e muxlisgan gansxvavebiT igi qonebrivi zianis anaz-

Raurebas pirdapir ukavSirdebs gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis

gamotanas, an saqmis Sewyvetas mareabilitirebeli safuZ-

vliT _ kerZod, Tu:

_ Tu ar arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTval-

iswinebuli qmedeba; an

_ saqme Sewyvetilia piris mier sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis asakis miuRwevlobis gamo, an

_ saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 36-e–38-e

muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi;

amdenad, sssk 160-e muxli ewinaaRmdegeba evropuli

sasamarTlos precedentul samarTals, vinaidan kompen-

saciis miniWebisaTvis piris gamarTlebas adgens winapirobad.

igi aseve ewinaaRmdegeba TviT sssk sxva muxlebsac (mag.

muxli 1504 romelic iTvaliswinebs ukanono da dausabuTe-

beli dakavebisaTvis zianis upirobo anazRaurebas).

165-e muxlisgan gansxvavebiT sssk219-e muxliT gaTval-

iswinebuli ziani unda anazRaurdes saqmis Sedegis miuxede-

vad. am SemTxvevaSi erTaderT pirobad sssk adgens im ga-

remoebas, rom aRniSnuli qmedebiT adgili unda hqondes

pirisaTvis:

• qonebrivi,

• fizikuri, an

• moraluri zianis miyenebas.

magram sssk 219-e muxli piris reabilitacias ukavSirebs

mis gamarTlebas da adgens, rom: reabilitaciis safuZve-

lia:

I. gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni,

II. mosamarTlis an prokuroris dadgenileba (ganCineba)

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZiebis

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb Semdegi safuZvlebiT:

a) Tu ar arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTval-

iswinebuli qmedeba;

b) Tu qmedeba ar aris marTlsawinaaRmdego;

g) Tu axali kanoni auqmebs qmedebis danaSaulebri-

obas;

d) Tu kanoni, romelsac emyareba braldeba, arakonsti-

tuciurad aris cnobili;

i) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeni imave

braldebis gamo anda sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) ganCineba

(dadgenileba) imave braldebiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis

Sewyvetis Taobaze;

k) Tu arsebobs sasamarTlos an prokuroris dadge-

nileba (ganCineba) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da winas-

wari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb;

m) Tu prokurori da dazaralebuli uars ityvian bral-

debaze am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da dadge-

nili wesiT; an

III. mosamarTlis an prokuroris dadgenileba (ganCineba)

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb Semdegi

safuZvlebiT:

436 437

a) pirs ar miuRwevia im asakisaTvis, romlidanac dgeba

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba,

b)saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 36-e–38-e

muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi;

g) gasulia am kodeqsis 75-e muxlis me-4 nawiliT gaT-

valiswinebuli vada.

IV. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyveta sss kodeqsis

28-e muxlSi aRniSnuli nebismieri safuZvliT.

sssk Tanaxmad ukanonod an dausabuTeblad msjavrdebuls

an braldebuls unda aRudges uflebebi, Tu dadgindeba misi

udanaSauloba.

zemoT aRniSnuli naTlad metyvelebs imaze, rom saqarT-

velos kanonmdebloba kompensaciis sakiTxs ukavSirebs piris

gamarTlebas (gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis dadgenas an mare-

abilitirebeli safuZvlebiT Sewyvetas). aRniSnuli ewi-

naaRmdegeba adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa

dacvis evropuli konvenciis arss da sasamarTlos praqti-

kas, romelic iTvaliswinebs kompensaciis uflebis miniWe-

bas ganaCenis saxis miuxedavad.

imavdroulad adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad Tavisu-

flebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis 5.5 muxli saxelmwi-

fos ar aniWebs diskrecias Tavad gansazRvros kompensaci-

is saxiT samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis uzrunvelmyo-

feli organo. 5.5 muxli moiTxovs, rom aseTi saSualeba

xelmisawvdomi iyos sasamarTlos saxiT, rac gulisxmobs,

rom aRniSnuli saSualeba uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes

samarTlebrivad savaldebulo gadawyvetilebiT. rac Seex-

eba kompensaciis uflebis ganxorcielebas, saxelmwifom

Tavad unda gansazRvros samarTalwarmoebis forma. samarT-

lebrivi dacvis saSualebebis sxva organoebis mier uzrun-

velyofa 5.5. muxlis miznebisaTvis sakmarisi ar aris.

$4. Suamdgomloba$4. Suamdgomloba

Suamdgomloba es aris procesis monawilis oficialuri Suamdgomloba es aris procesis monawilis oficialuri

Txovna gamomZieblis, sasamarTlos an mosamarTlis winaSe, Txovna gamomZieblis, sasamarTlos an mosamarTlis winaSe,

saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis an saproceso gadaw-saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis an saproceso gadaw-

yvetilebis miRebis Sesaxebyvetilebis miRebis Sesaxeb (Suamdgomlobis ganxilva _gad-

awyvetis wess gansazRvravs sssk 230-e _ 233-e muxlebi).

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenis erT-

erTi garantiaa Suamdgomlobis institutis arseboba. am

institutiT sargebloba SeiZleba sisxlis samarTlis pro-

cesis nebismier stadiaze. Suamdgomlobis gancxadeba Seu-

Zlia procesis yvela monawiles. igi SeiZleba gancxadebu-

li iqnes rogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri formiT. weri-

lobiTi Suamdgomloba da misi damasabuTebeli masalebi Tan

erTvis sisxlis samarTlis saqmes. xolo zepiri Suamdgom-

loba, Tu is Setanil iqna winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze,

unda aisaxos im sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmSi, romlis

Catarebis drosac iyo igi gancxadebuli, aseve SeiZleba

Sedges calke oqmi. sasamarTloSi gancxadebuli Suamdgom-

loba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi.


231-e muxlis me-5 nawilSi SeniSnulia, rom Suamdgomlobis

uaryofa ganmcxadebels ar uspobs uflebas, axali arse-

biTi garemoebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi mimarTos Suamdgom-

lobiT sisxlis samarTlis procesis imave an sxva stadi-

aze.

Suamdgomloba ganxilul da gadawyvetil unda iqnes

misi gancxadebis momentidan ara ugvianes 3 dRe-Ramisa.

gamomZiebeli, prokurori, pirveli da saapelacio in-

stanciis sasamarTloebi miiReben ra Sesabamisad: eWvmita-

nilis, braldebulis, gansasjelis, damcvelis, dazarale-

438 439

bulis warmomadgenlis, Tu procesis sxva monawilis das-

abuTebul Suamdgomlobas mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovis,

sasamarTlo da sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis Sesaxeb,

dauyovnebliv unda daakmayofilon im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Suam-

dgomloba xels uwyobs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gare-

moebaTa yovelmxriv, srulad da obieqturad dadgenas.

braldebisa da dacvis mxareTa mier Suamdgomlobis

Txovnis dros, upiratesobiT arc erTi mxare ar sargeblobs.

orive mxaris Suamdgomloba erTnairi yuradRebiT ganix-

ileba. aqve xazgasasmelia erTi garemoebac, kerZod ki,

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 232-

e muxlis meoTxe nawiliT pirveli da saapelacio instan-

ciebis sasamarTloebma aucileblad unda daakmayofilon

braldebis mxaris Suamdgomloba im mtkicebulebis gamoTx-

ovis, saqmeze darTvisa da gamokvlevis Sesaxeb, romelic

adasturebs wayenebul braldebas an amZimebs gansasjelis

pasuxismgeblobas. aseTi mbrZanebluri moTxovna, rom

aucileblad iqnes dakmayofilebuli dacvis mxaris Suam-

dgomloba kanonmdeblobiT araa gaTvaliswinebuli. aseTi

midgomiT, vfiqrobT, darRveulia SejibrebiTobis mniSvnelo-

vani moTxovna _ Tanabari pirobebi SeeqmneT mxareebs mt-

kicebulebaTa warsadgenad da paeqrobisaTvis.


69-e muxlis `d~ punqtis Tanaxmad, dazaralebuls ufleba

aqvs ganacxados Suamdgomlobani mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxo-

vis, sasamarTlo da sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa Catarebis, saqmis

garemoebaTa Semowmebisa da samarTalwarmoebis dros wamoW-

rili sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.

Suamdgomlobis dasmis uflebiT sargebloben, rogorc

es naTqvamia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis 73-e _ 76-e muxlebSi, eWvmitanili da braldebu-

li. maTac, Sesabamisad gaaCniaT ufleba ganacxadon Suam-

dgomloba Catarebul iqnes esa Tu is sagamoZiebo moqmede-

ba maTi monawileobiT. ganacxadon Suamdgomloba gamoZiebis

Sevsebis Taobaze, romlis ganxilvac savaldebuloa.

Tuki procesis monawilis Suamdgomloba dakmayofile-

buli iqneba, igi dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos Suamdgomlo-

bis ganmcxadebels. magram, Tu ar iqna dakmayofilebuli

Suamdgomloba, magaliTad, winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze,

gamomZiebels gamoaqvs motivirebuli, dasabuTebuli dadge-

nileba Suamdgomlobis uaryofis Sesaxeb, rac gadaecema

Suamdgomlobis Semtan pirs, xolo sasamarTloSi Suamdgom-

lobis uaryofis Sesaxeb gamotanili ganCineba (dadgenile-

ba) gamoucxaddeba procesis monawiles uSualod sasamarT-

loSi.

Tu Suamdgomlobis ganmcxadebeli piri ar eTanxmeba

gamomZieblis mier Suamdgomlobis uaryofas, mas ufleba

aqvs aseTive SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos prokurors.


233-e muxliT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso iZulebis

RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb Suam-

dgomlobas adgens gamomZiebeli da eTanxmeba prokurori.

amave moqmedebebis vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobebs

ganixilavs mosamarTle aRniSnuli kodeqsis 140-e muxliT

gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-

bis dros izRudeba adamianis konstituciuri uflebebi da

Tavisuflebebi, Suamdgomlobas sagamoZiebo moqmedebis

Catarebis Sesaxeb adgens gamomZiebeli da eTanxmeba proku-

rori. ganixilavs mosamarTle 140-e muxliT gaTvaliswineb-

uli wesiT.

mosamarTlis mier sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

440 441

iZulebis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, gagrZelebis, Secvlis an

gauqmebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis ganxilvisas prokuroris

monawileoba savaldebuloa.

$5. saCivari$5. saCivari

saCivris cnebis qveS igulisxmeba procesis monawilis saCivris cnebis qveS igulisxmeba procesis monawilis

mimarTva sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisaTvis pasux-mimarTva sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisaTvis pasux-

ismgebeli saxelmwifo organos an Tanamdebobis pirisadmi ismgebeli saxelmwifo organos an Tanamdebobis pirisadmi

darRveuli uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis aRsadgenad darRveuli uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis aRsadgenad

(gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs eZRvneba sssk XXX Tavis 234-e _ 243-e muxlebi).

gamomZieblis, gamoZiebis organos ufrosis, prokuroris,

mosamarTlis an sasamarTlos moqmedebisa da gadawyvetileb-

is gasaCivrebis uflebis miniWeba procesis monawileebisaT-

vis, umniSvnelovanesi garantiaa maTi uflebebis, Tavisufle-

bebisa da kanonieri interesebis dasacavad.

kanonmdebeli uSvebs SesaZleblobas saCivari Setanil

iqnes im pirTan an im organoSi, romlis moqmedebac an gad-

awyvetilebac saCivrdeba. magram am SemTxvevaSi saCivari

dauovnebliv unda gadaegzavnos uflebamosil pirs.

gamomZieblis, gamoZiebis organos ufrosis an proku-

roris moqmedebis an gadawyvetilebis gamo saCivari ra

vadaSi unda iqnes Setanili, rogorc wesi, kanonmdebeli

ar adgens. rogorc saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sap-

roceso kodeqsis 236-e muxli gansazRvravs, aseTi saCivari

SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes winaswari gamoZiebis mTeli war-

moebis ganmavlobaSi.

saCivari SeiZleba iyos rogorc werilobiTi aseve zepiri.

zepiri saCivari Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi, romelsac xels

aweren ganmcxadebeli da saCivris mimRebi Tanamdebobis piri.

saCivars SeiZleba daerTos misi damadasturebeli masalebi.

Tu sapatio mizeziT ver moxda saCivris Setana, gacde-

nili drois aRdgena SeuZlia saxelmwifo organos an

Tanamdebobis pirs, romelic uflebamosilia miiRos gadaw-

yvetileba am saCivris gamo.

mas Semde, rac uflebamosili organo an Tanamdebobis

piri miiRebs saCivars, igi unda ganixilos, yovelmxriv

Seamowmos masSi Camoyalibebuli mosazrebani, saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi gamoiTxovos damatebiTi masalebi da ganmarte-

bani. yvela zoma unda iqnes miRebuli sisxlis samarTlis

procesis monawileTa, sxva pirTa, agreTve dawesebulebaTa,

sawarmoebisa da organizaciebis darRveuli uflebebisa da

kanonieri interesebis aRsadgenad.

saCivris ganxilvis Sedegad SeiZleba miRebul iqnes

erT-erTi Semdegi gadawyvetileba: a) gasaCivrebuli gadaw-

yvetilebis an misi nawilis gauqmebis an Secvlis Sesaxeb;

b) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb; g)

gasaCivrebuli moqmedebis iuridiuli Zalis armqoned cno-

bis Sesaxeb; d) saCivris uaryofis Sesaxeb. saCivris dak-

mayofilebaze uari dasabuTebuli unda iyos.

saCivris Semtan pirs unda Seatyobinon, rom miRebulia

gadawyvetileba saCivris gamo da gunamarton gasaCivrebis

Semdgomi wesi;


241-e muxlis meore nawilSi aRniSnulia, rom: `Tu gasa-

Civrebuli moqmedebis an gadawyvetilebis gamo pirs arama-

rTlzomieri moraluri, fizikuri an qonebrivi ziani miadga,

mas unda ganemartos am zianis anazRaurebis ufleba~.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmes unda daerTos saCivari da

masze pasuxis asli, agreTve saCivris Semowmebis masalebi.

442 443

saproceso kodeqsis 242-e muxlis Sesabamisad gamomZie-

blis, prokuroris moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebis gasa-

Civreba SeiZleba moxdes sasamarTloSi, romelic momCivanis

azriT ukanonoa, kerZod:

a) sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZie-

bis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb prokuroris dadgenileba (399-e

muxli).

b) eqspertizis daniSvnaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gamomZie-

blis an prokuroris dadgenileba (73-e muxli).

sasamarTlosaTvis saCivriT mimarTvis ufleba aqvs pro-

cesis yovel monawiles, romelic icavs sakuTar an marw-

muneblis interess, kerZod: eWvmitanils, braldebuls,

damcvels, kanonier warmomadgenels, agreTve dazaralebuls,

samoqalaqo mosarCeles, samoqalaqo mopasuxes, maT warmo-

madgenlebs.

procesis monawiles ufleba aqvs gamomZieblis moqmede-

bisa Tu gadawyvetilebis gamo saCivriT mimarTos sasamarT-

los mas Semdeg, rac es saCivari uaryo prokurorma, anda

uSualod sasamarTlos.

saCivars ganixilavs sasamarTlo gamoZiebis adgilis

mixedviT. saCivari Seitaneba ara ugvianes 15 dRisa mas

Semdeg, rac momCivnisaTvis cnobili gaxda moqmedeba Tu

gadawyvetileba, romelic mas ukanonod an dausabuTeblad

miaCnia, gasaCivrebis vadis sapatio mizeziT gacdenis SemTx-

vevaSi misi aRdgena SeuZlia sasamarTlos.

miRebul saCivars sasamarTlo ganixilavs 15 dRis va-

daSi.

saCivris ganxilvis Semdeg mosamarTles gamoaqvs dadge-

nileba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis an saCivris

dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.

mosamarTlis dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes 10 dRis

vadaSi saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiaSi,

sadac saCivari ganixileba 15 dRis vadaSi. ganmcxadebeli

Tavisufldeba baJis gadasaxadisagan.


243-e muxli gansazRvravs winaswri gamoZiebis stadiaze

aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis

Sesaxeb mosamarTlis brZanebis gasaCivrebis wess. kerZod

ki, naTqvamia, rom: raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mosa-

marTlis brZaneba (dadgenileba) aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoy-

enebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba erTjeradad

gasaCivrdes brZanebis (dadgenilebis) gacemidan (gamotani-

dan) 48 saaTis vadaSi saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo

kolegiaSi.

saCivari Setanil unda iqnes brZanebis (dadgenilebis)

gamomtan mosamarTlesTan, romelic saCivarsa da saqmis

masalebs dauyovnebliv ugzavnis Sesabamis sasamarTlos

gansjadobis mixedviT. gasaCivreba ar aCerebs brZanebis

(dadgenilebis) aRsrulebasa da saqmeze gamoZiebas. mosa-

marTle saCivars ganixilavs saqmis masalebis miRebidan ara

ugvianes 72 saaTisa; saCivris ganxilvis dRe da dro dauy-

ovnebliv ecnobeba mxareebs.

sagamoZiebo kolegiis mosamarTle saCivars erTpirovnu-

lad ganixilavs, prokurorisa da mxareTa monawileobiT.

mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ar abrkolebs saCivris ganxilvas.

saCivris ganxilvisas mowmdeba aRkveTis RonisZiebebis gamoy-

enebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb brZanebis (dadgenileb-

is) gacemisas mosamarTlem daicva Tu ara kanoniT gaTval-

iswinebuli moTxovnebi, da amis Semdeg mosamarTle (sasa-

marTlo) iRebs erT-erT Semdeg gadawyvetilebas; a) gasa-

Civrebuli brZanebis (dadgenilebis) ZalaSi datovebisa da

saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb; b) gasaCivre-

444 445

buli brZanebis (dadgenilebis) gauqmebis (Secvlis) da

saCivris dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.

saCivris ganmxilvel mosamarTles (sasamarTlos) ufle-

ba aqvs adre gamoyenebuli aRkveTis RonisZieba braldebis

mxaris (prokurori, dazaralebuli da misi warmomadgeneli)

Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze Secvalos ufro mkacri aRkve-

Tis RonisZiebiT, ris Sesaxebac gamoitans dadgenilebas

(ganCinebas).

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT, saCivris Semtan

mxares ufleba aqvs, vidre mosamarTle saTaTbiro oTaxSi

gavidodes, ukan gamoiTxovos Tavisi saCivari. aseT SemTx-

vevaSi saCivris ganmeorebiT Setana ar daiSveba.

rogorc saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis 243-e muxlis merve nawilSia aRniSnuli: sa-

Civris ganxilvis Sedegad gamotanili dadgenilebis asle-

bi gadaecema mxareebs, egzavneba brZanebis (dadgenilebis)

gamcem mosamarTlesa da dadgenilebis aRmasrulebel or-

ganos.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 243-e muxliT

dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad, gamotanili dadgenileba

sabolooa da ar gasaCivrdeba.

$6. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianeba $6. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianeba

da gamoyofada gamoyofa

im mizniT, rom yovelmxriv, srulad da obieqturad

iqnes gamoZiebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis yvela gare-

moeba, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba iTval-

iswinebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gaerTianebasa da

gamoyofas.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa erT warmoebad gaerTiane-

bis safuZveli SeiZleba iyos: a) erTi an ramdenime dana-

Saulis CadenaSi Tanamonawile ramdenime piris braldebis

saqmeebi; b) ramdenime danaSaulis CadenaSi monawile erTi

piris braldebis saqmeebi; g) danaSaulis winaswar Seupire-

beli dafarvis saqmeebi; d) saqmeebi movlenisa da moqmede-

bis Sesaxeb, romelTa monawileebic imavdroulad arian

braldebulica da dazaralebulic, maT Soris, sajaro

braldebis saqmeebi.

mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoebac, rom sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 245-e muxli SesaZleblad

miiCnevs erT warmoebad saqmeTa gaerTianebas da ara valde-

bulebad. kanonmdeblis aseTi miniSneba logikuricaa, rameTu

gasaTvaliswinebelia is praqtikuli siZneleebi, romelic

Tan axlavs konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZie-

basa da ganxilvas.

erTi an ramdenime danaSaulis CadenaSi Tanamonawile

ramdenime piris braldebis saqmeebis erT warmoebad gaer-

Tianebas is gamarTleba aqvs, rom iZleva SesaZleblobas

dadgindes TiToeuli Tanamonawilis roli danaSaulTa

CadenaSi da obieqturad mieces Sefaseba rogorc TiToeulis

qmedebas, ise danaSaulis saSiSroebas. aRniSnuli safuZvliT

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi erT warmoebad SeiZleba gaer-

446 447

Tiandes winaswari gamoZiebis msvlelobisas.

rac Seexeba ramdenime danaSaulis CadenaSi monawile

erTi piris braldebis saqmeebs, am safuZvliT SeiZleba

gaerTianebul iqnes nebismieri, ramdenime sisxlis samarTlis

saqme, miuxedavad maTi Sinaarsisa da simZimisa, Tu dadgin-

deba, rom es danaSaulebani Cadenilia erTi piris mier. am

safuZvliT saqmeTa gaerTianeba erT warmoebad SeiZleba

wamoiWras winaswari gamoZiebisas, agreTve sasamarTloSic.

danaSaulis winaswar Seupirebeli dafarvis saqmeebis

erT warmoebad gaerTianebas is Tavisebureba axlavs, rom

am dros erTiandeba saqme ori sxvadasxva danaSaulis Ses-

axeb, romlebic Cadenilia sxvadasxva piris mier. magram

aRniSnul saqmeTa gaerTianebas is gamarTleba aqvs, rom

winaswar Seupirebeli dafarvisaTvis pasuxismgebloba damok-

idebulia imaze, dadgindeba Tu ara egreT wodebuli `Zir-

iTadi~ danaSaulis Cadena.

saqmeTa gaerTianeba erT warmoebad, romlis monawilee-

bic imavdroulad arian braldebulica da dazaralebulic,

xSirad gvxvdeba kerZo braldebis saqmeebze, rodesac mxa-

reebi erTmaneTs braldebebs uyeneben. aseT SemTxvevaSi

mosamarTle Tavisi dadgenilebiT dazaralebuls cnobs

braldebuladac, xolo braldebuls _ dazaralebuladac.

saqmeTa gaerTianeba erT warmoebad xdeba prokuroris

dadgenilebiT an prokuroris SuamdgomlobiT mosamarTlis

(sasamarTlos) dadgenilebiT (ganCinebiT).


246-e muxli iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmidan

saqmis gamoyofas calke warmoebisaTvis. kerZod, prokurors,

sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) ufleba aqvT sisxlis samarT-

lis saqmidan gamoyon saqme calke warmoebisaTvis: a) mi-

malvaSi myofi braldebulis mimarT; b) braldebulis mimarT,

romlis adgilsamyofelic ucnobia; g) braldebulis mimarT,

romelic mZime avadmyofobiT daavadda, rac dadasturebulia

eqimis mier; d) arasrulwlovani braldebulis mimarT,

romelic saqmeSi monawileobisaTvis Cabmulia mozrdil

braldebulebTan erTad, Tu es gavlenas ar moaxdens gamoZie-

bisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis yovelmxrivobaze, sisrule-

sa da obieqturobaze; e) danaSaulis daudgeneli Tana-

monawilis mimarT.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoyofis Sesaxeb dgeba

prokuroris, anda mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) dadgenile-

ba (ganCineba).

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoyofisas, gamoiyofa

saqmis masalebi dednebi, xolo maTi saTanadod damowmebu-

li aslebi rCeba saqmeSi, romlidanac gamoiyo masalebi.

gamoyofili saqmis winaswari gamoZiebis vada iwyeba

gamoyofis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gamotanis dRidan.

$7 samarTlebrivi daxmareba da urTierToba $7 samarTlebrivi daxmareba da urTierToba

sazRvargareTis saxelmwifoebTansazRvargareTis saxelmwifoebTan

msoflioSi mimdinare integraciuli procesebi, sazRvre-

bis gamWvirvaleoba da gadaadgilebis Tavisufleba garkveul-

wilad xels uwyobs organizebuli transnacionaluri dana-

Saulis masStabebis zrdas, rac safrTxes uqmnis rogorc

konkretul saxelmwifoTa, aseve msoflio Tanamegobrobis

usafrTxoebas da marTlwesrigs. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare,

sul ufro mzard mniSvnelobas iZens saxelmwifoTaSoriso

TanamSromloba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa ganxilva-gamoZie-

bis sferoSi, ris gareSec praqtikulad SeuZlebeli xdeba

gamoZiebis srulyofilad ganxorcieleba.

448 449

sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi saerTaSoriso TanamSrom-

lobasTan dakavSirebuli saproceso sakiTxebis reglamen-

tacia xdeba:

1. saqarTvelosaTvis ZalaSi myofi saerTaSoriso konven-

ciebis da xelSekrulebebis debulebiT1

2. samTavrobaTaSoriso da sauwyebaTaSoriso xel Sekru-

lebebiT

3. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

XXXII TaviT

4. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

247-260 muxlebiT-Sesabamis saxelmwifosTan samarT-

lebrivi daxmarebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis ar arsebo-

bis SemTxvevaSi.

kerZod, aseTi daxmarebis gawevis sakiTxi SeiZleba gad-

awydes saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris an saqarTvelos

generalur prokurorsa da aRniSnuli saxelmwifos Sesa-

bamis Tanamdebobis pirebs Soris specialurad am SemTxve-

visaTvis dadebuli SeTanxmebiT da xorcieldeba 248-260

muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

1 èqstradiciis Sesaxeb~ evropis konvencia da misi damatebiTi oqmebi, `sisxlis samarTlis sakiTxebze urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb~ 1959 wlis 20

aprilis evropis konvencia; misi damatebiTi oqmi (1978w. 17 marti), ̀ ucxoeTis

kanonmdeblobaze informaciis Sesaxeb~ evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi

(1978w), arasrulwlovanTa repatriaciis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciaarasrulwlovanTa repatriaciis Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia (1970),

sisxlis samarTlebriv ganaCenTa saerTaSoriso aRiarebis Sesaxeb~ (1970),

`wamebis da sxva araadamianuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobis Tavidan acilebis

Sesaxeb~ konvencia da misi damatebiTi oqmebi; `msjavrdebul pirTa gadacemis

Sesaxeb~ 13 XII 1957w evropuli konvencia, da misi damatebiTi oqmebi 17 mati

1973wlis da 15 oqtomberi 1975wlis;. evropuli SeTanxmeba samarTlebrivi evropuli SeTanxmeba samarTlebrivi

daxmarebis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobaTa gadacemis Sesaxeb (1977w)daxmarebis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobaTa gadacemis Sesaxeb (1977w) , konvencia samo-qalaqo, saojaxo da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze samarTlebrivi daxmarebis da

samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis Sesaxeb dsT–s wevr saxelmwifoTaTvis (1993w);

aseve mravalricxovani ormxrivi xelSekrulebebiT samarTlebrivi daxmarebis

Sesaxeb.

5. kanoniT `saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasa-

marTlosTan TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb~ _ saerTaSoriso

sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlosTan TanamSromloba.

samarTlebrivi daxmarebis sferoSi sazRvargareTis

qveynebTan da saerTaSoriso struqturebTan TanamSromlo-

ba, rogorc wesi, gulisxmobs:

1. sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moqmedebebis Catarebis,

mtkicebulebaTa da informaciis gadacemis

2. piris gadacemis Sesaxeb TxovnasTan dakavSirebul

urTierTobebs.

a) samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da sasa-a) samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da sasa-

marTlo moqmedebebis Catarebis, mowmeTa Cvenebebis, mt-marTlo moqmedebebis Catarebis, mowmeTa Cvenebebis, mt-

kicebulebaTa, masalebis an dokumentebis, informaciis kicebulebaTa, masalebis an dokumentebis, informaciis

miRebis mizniT.miRebis mizniT.

aRniSnuli tipis daxmarebis mizani, rogorc wesi, aris

mtkicebulebaTa mopoveba, saqmis masalebis gacnoba, Cxreka-

amoRebis Catareba, SemTxvevis adgilis daTvaliereba, in-

formaciis da mtkicebulebebis gadacema, Sesabamisi doku-

mentebis da masalebis originalebis an damowmebuli asleb-

is wardgena maT Soris sabanko, safinanso, safirmo da ko-

merciuli dokumentebis, Semosavlebis da sakuTrebis

dadgena mtkicebis miznebisaTvis, moqmedi samarTlis da

sasamarTlo praqtikis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba da

sxva. mxareebs ufleba aqvT erTmaneTs gauwion nebismieri

saxis samarTlebrivi daxmareba, romelic ar ikrZaleba Sem-

kiTxveli mxaris kanonmdeblobiT. imavdroulad, rogorc

wesi, mxareebs ara aqvT ufleba uari Tqvan samarTlebrivi

daxmarebis gawevaze sabanko saidumloebis safuZvliT.

samarTlebrivi daxmarebis es saxe iyo sam qvesaxed:

1. samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo

moqmedebebis Catarebis,

450 451

2. samarTlebrivi daxmareba mtkicebulebaTa da infor-

maciis miRebis,

3. mowmed, eqspertad, dazaralebulad, samoqalaqo

mosarCeled / mopasuxed pirTa mowvevis,

4. piris gadacemis sakiTxebSi.

gavixiloT TiToeuli maTgani calk-calke.

samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moq-samarTlebrivi daxmareba sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moq-

medebemedebebis CatarebaSi bis CatarebaSi

Tavis mxriv, Txovna sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo moq-

medebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb iyofa or qvesaxed misi Catare-

bis adgilis mixedviT:

a) saqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi organoebis Txovna

ucxo saxelmwifos teritoriaze sagamoZiebo da sasamarT-

lo moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, da

b) ucxo saxelmwifos kompetenturi organoebis davale-

ba saqarTvelos teritoriaze sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo

moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb.

a. saqarTvelsaqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi organoebis Txovna os samarTaldamcavi organoebis Txovna

ucxo saxelmwifos teritoriaze sagamoZiebo da sasamarT-ucxo saxelmwifos teritoriaze sagamoZiebo da sasamarT-

lo moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeblo moqmedebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb.

saqarTveloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas,

calkeul SemTxvevebSi, SeiZleba aucilebeli gaxdes sazR-

vargareT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-

eqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli calkeuli sagamoZiebo Tu sasa-

marTlo moqmedebebis Catareba (magaliTad, rogoricaa mow-

meTa dakiTxva, sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti, eqspertizis

Catareba da a.S).

saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis aucileblobisas

gamomZiebeli, prokurori an sasamarTlo maT Catarebas

avalebs im saxelmwifos Sesabamis organos, romelTanac

dadebulia xelSekruleba samarTlebrivi daxmarebis Ses-

axeb.

Suamdgomloba sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis Ses-

axeb igzavneba saqarTvelos generaluri prokuroris (an

mis mier saamisod uflebamosili prokuroris) meSveobiT,

xolo sasamarTlo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb- saqarT-

velos iusticiis ministris meSveobiT.

Suamdgomloba saproceso moqmedebis Catrebis Sesaxeb

dgeba werilobiT im saxelmwifos enaze, sadac is igza-

vneba (Tu saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT sxva ram ar aris

gaTvaliswinebuli) da mowmdeba davalebis gamgzavnis xel-

moweriTa da dawesebulebis gerbiani beWdiT. Suamdgom-

loba unda Seicavdes:

a) Suamdgomlobis gamgzavni organos dasaxelebas da

misamarTs;

b) im organos dasaxelebasa da misamarTs, romelsac

egzavneba Suamdgomloba;

g) saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebs;

d) Txovnis arss _ Casatarebeli sagamoZiebo Tu sasa-

marTlo moqmedebis Sinaarss

e) monacemebs im pirTa vinaobis, moqalaqeobis, sacx-

ovrebeli da samuSao adgilebis, saqmianobisa da sisxlis

samarTlis saqmisadmi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, romelTa

mimarTac unda ganxorcieleds sagamoZiebo Tu sasamarTlo

moqmedeba

v) gamoTxovili dokumentebisa da nivTieri mtkiceb-

ulebebis nusxas

z) mosamarTlis xelmoweriTa da gerbiani beWdiT

damowmebuli brZaneba Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis

Catarebis Sesaxeb1

1 mxolod im SuamdgomlobebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic exeba iseTi sapro-

ceso moqmedebebis Catarebas, romlisTvisac saqarTvelos sssk-iT aucilebelia

mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) brZaneba (ganCineba)

452 453

sagangebo SemTxvevaSi Suamdgomloba SeiZleba gadaices

teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT, Semdeg ki dadas-

turdes werilobiT. werilobiTi dadasturebis gagzavnis

vada regulirdeba ormxrivi xelSekrulebebiT.

amasTanave, ucxo saxelmwifos teritoriaze dadgenili

wesiT Catarebuli gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis

dros miRebul mtkicebulebas saqmeze Sekrebil sxva mt-

kicebulebaTa Tanabari iuridiuli Zala aqvs da isini (mt-

kicebulebebi da dokumentebi) ar saWiroeben damowmebas

raime formiT1.

b. ucxo saxelmwifos Suamdgomlobis Sesrulebaucxo saxelmwifos Suamdgomlobis Sesruleba

ucxo saxelmwifos Suamdgomloba sruldeba Tu is Se-

icavs saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiTa da saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebu-

li davalebis yvela rekvizits. Tu davalebaSi es monace-

mebi ar aris an arasrulyofiladaa miTiTebuli, gamoiTx-

oveba damatebiTi monacemebi.

Suamdgomloba sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb

sruldeba saqarTvelos generaluri prokuroris miTiTe-

biT, xolo sasamarTlo moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb _

saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris davalebiT. Suamdgom-

loba, rogorc wesi, sruldeba saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-

marTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT2.

moTxovnis Sesrulebis procesSi mopovebuli dokumen-

tebi dgeba qarTul enaze da mopovebul masalebTan erTad

1 …`sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb~ evropuli

konvenciis muxli 172 saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi

SesaZlebelia ucxo saxelmwifos saproceso normebis gamoyeneba, Tu es

normebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobas.

egzavneba SemkiTxvel mxares.


Tanaxmad Suamdgomlobis Sesruleba ar xdebaSesruleba ar xdeba im SemTx-

vevaSi, Tu:

1. misma Sesrulebam SeiZleba ziani miayenos saqarT-

velos erovnul interesebs, saqarTvelos suverenitets,

saqarTvelos uSiSroebas, sazogadoebriv wesrigs;

2. davalebis Sesruleba SeuZlebelia;

3. igi ewinaaRmdegeba Semsrulebeli mxaris kanonmde-

blobis ZiriTad principebs;

4. Txovna dakavSirebulia danaSaulTan, romelic

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT warmoadgens politikur da-

naSauas, politikur danaSaulsTan dakavSirebul dana-

Sauls, an fiskalur danaSauls;

5. Txovna dakavSirebulia danaSaulTan, romlis Taobazec

saqarTveloSi mimdinareobs sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna;

6. Txovna dakavSirebulia danaSaulTan, romlis Taoba-

zec kanonier ZalaSia Sesuli saqarTvelos sasamarTlos

mier gamotanili ganaCeni.

am SemTxvevaSi miRebuli dokumentebi saqarTvelos ius-

ticiis saministros an saqarTvelos generaluri prokuro-

ris meSveobiT ubrundeba momTxovn saxelmwifos davalebis

Sesrulebis xelSemSleli mizezebis miTiTebiT.

CxrekasTan an sakuTrebis konfiskaciasTan dakavSire-

bul sasamarTlo davalebebs saqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi

organoebi aRasruleben im SemTxvevaSi, Tu danaSauli,

romelTanac dakavSirebulia sasamarTlo davaleba:

a) dasjadia, rogorc momTxovni, aseve saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobiT

b) saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT am tipis danaSaulisT-

vis gaTvaliswinebulia eqstradicia

454 455

g) sasamarTlo davalebis aRsruleba Seesabameba saqarT-

velos kanonmdeblobas.

b) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mtkicebulebaTa da in-b) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mtkicebulebaTa da in-

formaciis, dokumentebis da masalebis formaciis, dokumentebis da masalebis

gadacemis sakiTxebSigadacemis sakiTxebSi

Semsrulebeli mxare valdebulia SemkiTxvel mxares

samarTlebrivi daxmarebis farglebSi gadasces nebismieri gadasces nebismieri

nivTinivTi (maT Soris Canawerebi, dokumentebi, sakuTreba),

romelic dakavSirebulia danaSaulis CadenasTan an romel-

ic SeiZleba warmoadgendes mtkicebulebas sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devnis procesSi (magaliTad, danaSaulis Cadenis

iaraRi, danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli nivTebi, sagnebi,

romlebzec aris danaSaulis kvali). nivTebis gadacema ar

aris dakavSirebuli pirovnebis gadacemasTan.

Semsrulebel mxares SeuZlia droebiT SeaCeros nivTe-

bis gadacema, Tu:

_ es nivTebi mas esaWiroeba sxva sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis warmoebisaTvis.

_ Suamdgomlobis Sesruleba xels SeuSlis mimdinare

gamoZiebis, sasamarTlo ganxilvis an sisxlissamarTlebri-

vi devnis ganxorcielebis interesebs.

am SemTxvevaSi Semsrulebeli mxare atarebs konsul-

taciebs SemkiTxvel mxaresTan im mizniT, rom gairkves

ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli SemkiTxveli mxaris mier

moTxovil vadaSi da pirobebSi am Suamdgomlobis Ses-

ruleba.

SemkiTxveli mxarisaTvis gadacemuli sakuTrebis, Canaw-

erebisa da dokumentebis originalebi Semsrulebel mxares

ubrundeba SeZlebisdagvarad mokle vadaSi, Tu igi ar acx-

adebs maTze uars.

gadacemul sagnebze mesame pirTa uflebebi ZalaSi rCe-

ba da saqmis warmoebis damTavrebis Semdeg ubrundeba Sem-

srulebel mxares Sesabamisi pirebisaTvis gadasacemad.

calkeul SemTxvevaSi es sagnebi mflobels SeiZleba

daubrundes saqmis warmoebis damTavrebamdec, Tu amiT ziani

ar adgeba saqmis warmoebas.

sasamarTlo davalebis aRsrulebisaTvis gadacemuli

nivTebi ar eqvemdebareba baJiTa da gadasaxadebiT

dabegvras.

Tu ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqem, romelmac saqarT-

velos teritoriaze Caidina danaSauli datova saqarT-

velos teritoria, aRZruli da gamoZiebuli saqmis yvela

masala unda gadasces – – saqarTvelos generalur proku-

rors, romelic ugzavnis ucxo saxelmwifos Sesabamis

dawesebulebas sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis gasagrZele-

blad, an mimarTavs TxovniT saqarTvelosaTvis braldebu-

lis gadmocemis Sesaxeb.

ucxo saxelmwifos moTxovnas gamosaZieblad gadascen

masalebi saqarTvelos moqalaqis mimarT, romelmac dana-

Sauli Caidina am saxelmwifos teritoriaze da saqarT-

veloSi dabrunda, ganixilavs saqarTvelos generaluri

prokuratura. amasTan, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis Sesa-

bamisad SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes erT-erTi Semdegi gadaw-

yvetileba:

1. gamoZiebis damTavrebamde masalebis gadacema;

2. saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamoZiebisa da sasamarT-

lo ganxilvis Catareba;

3. saqarTvelos moqalaqis gadacema, im ucxo saxelmwi-

fos teritoriaze gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvisaT-

vis, sadac moxda danaSauli.

g) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mowmed, eqspertad, g) samarTlebrivi daxmareba mowmed, eqspertad,

dazaralebulad, samoqalaqo mosarCeled/mo pasuxed dazaralebulad, samoqalaqo mosarCeled/mo pasuxed

456 457

pirTa mowvevis sakiTxebSipirTa mowvevis sakiTxebSi

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi

iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi mowmed,

dazaralebulad, eqspertad samoqalaqo mosarCeled an

samoqalaqo mopasuxed, xolo braldebulis Suamdgomlo-

biT-aseve damcvelad an kanonier warmomadgenlad monawile-

obisaTvis ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqis mowvevas am uka-

nasknelis TanxmobiT. aRniSnuli pirebis (SeTanxmebiT

mowveuli advokatis garda) saqarTveloSi Camosvlisa da

yofnis xarjebi anazRaurdeba saxelmwifo biujetidan.

pirebis gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis uaryofisas

maTi gamoZaxebis xarjebi ekisreba im mxares, romelmac

Seitana Suamdgomloba.

Txovna aRniSnul pirTa gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba

gaegzavnos gamosaZaxebel pirsac.

calkeul SemTxvevebSi, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

gamoZiebis an marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis miznebi-

saTvis aucilebelia sxva saxelmwifos teritoriaze

dakavebuli (dapatimrebuli) piris mowmis saxiT dakiTxva

an dapirispireba uSualod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mwar-

moebeli organoebis mier saqmis warmoebis adgilze (magal-

iTad: saqmis sirTulis gamo ar aris mizanSewonili aRniS-

nuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catrebis Sesaxeb Suamdgom-

lobis gagzavna, ver xerxdeba videokonferenciis organi-

zeba an marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis miznebisTvis am

piris Cvenebis mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare aucilebelia

mis mier micemuli Cvenebis sarwmunoobis maRali xarisxis

uzrunvelyoda da sxva) am piris droebiTi gadacemadroebiTi gadacema momTx-

ovni saxelmwifosaTvis daiSveba, Tu:

1. igi dabrunebuli iqneba gadmomcemi saxelmwifos mier

miTiTebul vadaSi, da

2. mis mimarT saTanado zomiT iqneba gamoyenebuli imu-

nitetebi sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnisgan

gadacemaze uari SeiZlebagadacemaze uari SeiZleba iTqvas, Tu:

1. dakavebuli piri misi gadacemis winaaRmdegia

2. am piris yofna aucilebelia sisxlis samarTlebrivi

devnis miznebisaTvis

3. gadacemam SeiZleba gaaxangrZlivos misi dakavebis (pa-

timrobis) vada

4. sxva mniSvnelovani safuZvlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.

Tu gamoZaxebulia ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqe, dauS-

vebelia misi iZuleba, moyvana, dakaveba, dapatimreba, samedi-

cino dawesebulebaSi moTavseba, Cxreka, mis mimarT iZulebi-

Ti xasiaTis sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba, gafrTxileba

Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmisa da cru Cvenebis micemisaT-

vis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo

moqmedebebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia moqalaqis iZule-

basTan da misi konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisufle-

bebis SezRudvasTan tardeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

isini sanqcionirebulia ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos

an sxva kompetenturi organos mier.

sasamarTlo uwyebis safuZvelze sasamarTlos winaSe

gamocxadebuli piri, mowme an eqsperti sargeblobs imu-imu-

nitetiTnitetiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisagan da pasuxismge-

blobisagan im qmedebebisaTvis da im ganaCenebis aRsruleb-

isgan, romlebsac adgili hqonda Semsrulebeli saxelmwi-

fos teritoriaze am piris saqarTveloSi Camosvlamde.

imuniteti wydeba, Tu aRniSnuli piri:

1. ar datovebs saqarTvelos teritorias 15 dRis gan-

mavlobaSi im dRidan, roca misi yofna saqarTvelos teri-

toriaze aRar esaWiroeba sasamarTlo organoebs, an

2. brundeba saqarTveloSi mogvianebiT.

458 459

piris gadacemapiris gadacema

gadacemis institutebTan mimarTebaSi msoflioSi Camoy-

alibebulia orgvari midgoma:

1. evropuli midgoma _ gavrcelebulia romanul-german-

uli samarTlis qveynebSi kontinentur evropasa da laTi-

noamerikul qveynebSi, yofil koloniebSi (britanuli

koloniebis garda)

2. anglo-amerikuli midgoma _ damaxasiaTebelia ̀ saer-

To samarTlis~ qveynebisaTvis.

evropuli midgomaevropuli midgoma emyareba pirTa gadacemis mareguli-

rebeli principebis: ormagi kriminalizaciis, special-

izaciis da sakuTari moqalaqeebis gadacemis akrZalvis

xelSeuxeblobas, uzrunvelyofs kanonierebis da gadasa-

cemi piris uflebaTa xelSeuxeblobas, Tumca aRniSnulis

paralelurad calkeul SemTxvevebSi tovebs damnaSavis

mier sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavis daR-

wevis SesaZleblobas.

anglo-anglo-amerikuli midgomisamerikuli midgomis amocanaa sasjelis gardu-

valobis uzrunvelyofa Tundac, calkeul SemTxvevebSi,

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis da SeTanxmebebis, erovnu-

li kanonebis debulebaTa `liberaluri ganmartebis~ gziT.

Sesabamisad aq ar aris aRiarebuli z/a principebis xel-

Seuxebloba. inglisur-amerikuli midgoma amcirebs zogadi

principebis mniSvnelobas da sasamarTlos uflebas aZlevs

damnaSavis dasjis miznis miRwevisaTvis yoveli konkretu-

li saqme gadawyvitos konkretuli garemoebebis gaTval-

iswinebiT.

kontinenturi samarTlis qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT

`saerTo samarTlis qveynebSi~ gadacema dasaSvebad iTvle-

ba:

1. mxolod Sesabamisi ormxrivi xelSekrulebis arsebobis

SemTxvevaSi;

2. garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas dasaSvebia sakuTari

moqalaqeebis gadacemac-sasamarTloebi am qveynebSi

uaryofen sakuTari moqalaqeebis gadacemis amkrZalavi

saerTaSoriso sam. normebis arsebobas da aq dadebuli

xelSekrulebebis umravlesoba iTvaliswinebs garkveuli

pirobebis arsebobisas sakuTari moqalaqeebis gadacemis

SesaZleblobas da es sakiTxi wydeba xelSemkvreli

mxareebis mier sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr yovel konk-

retul saqmesTan mimarTebaSi.

3. gadacemis Sesaxeb sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi monawileobs

sasamarTlo, magram gadamwyveti sityva ekuTvnis aR-

masrulebel xelisuflebas, romelsac gadacemaze

sasamarTlos nebarTvis miuxedavad SeuZlia uari Tqvas

gadacemaze.


44.46 muxli saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi TanamSromlo-

bis miznebisTvis ansxvavebs pirTa gadacemasTan dakavSire-

biul or instituts:

1. piris gadacema 1. piris gadacema _ saxelmwifos mier piris gadacema saer-

TaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlosaTvis

2. piris eqstradicia 2. piris eqstradicia _ erTi saxelmwifos mier meore

saxelmwifosaTvis piris gadacema saerTaSoriso

xelSekrulebis an erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sesabam-

isad.

orive SemTxvevaSi piris gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli

Suamdgomlobebis mizania:

a) piris mimarT sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis ganxor-

cielebis uzrunvelyofa,

b) msjavrdebulTa gadacemisas-sasjelis aRsrulebis an

msjavrdebulis im saxelmwifoSi sasjelis mosaxdelad ga-

460 461

dacema romlis moqalaqecaa igi, an

g) sisxlis samarTlis procesSi piris mowmis/dazarale-

bulis saxiT monawileobis uzrunvelyofa.

orive SemTxvevaSi piris gadacemis saerTaSoriso-sa-

marTlebrivi procedura moicavs Semdeg etapebsetapebs:

1. gadacemis Sesaxeb moTxovnisaTvis aucilebeli dokumen-

tebis momzadeba.

2. generaluri prokuraturis1/ saqarTvelos iusticiis

saministros mier gadacemis Sesaxeb moTxovnis ganx-

ilva.

3. piris gadacemisaTvis saWiro organizaciul-samarT-

lebrivi RonisZiebebis gatareba.

4. piris fizikuri gadacema.

d) eqstradiciad) eqstradicia

istoriulad eqstradiciis instituti samarTlis erT-

erTi uZvelesi institutia. jer kidev Cvens welTaRricx-

vamde 1296 wels egviptel faraon ramzes II da hettebis

princ hatuSil III Soris dadebuli SeTanxmeba iTval-

iswinebs politikuri danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanili

didgvarovnebis da egviptidan hettebis qveyanaSi gaqceuli

pirebis dabrunebas `ramzesis qveyanaSi maTi dakavebis nacv-

lad~. imavdroulad es SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebda gadasa-

cemi pirebis usafrTxoebis garantiebsac. kerZod, masSi

vkiTxulobT ~dae, es pirebi ar iqnen dasjilni sikvdiliT,

ar daazianon maTi Tvalebi, piri da fexebi~.

unda aRiniSnos rom Tanamedrove samyaroSi organizeb-

uli danaSauli rogorc wesi transsasazRvro xasiaTis

matarebelia da dRis wesrigSi ayenebs saxelmwifoTa Zal-

1 msjavrdebul pirTa gadacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas iRebs saqarT-

velos iusticiis saministro, xolo braldebul pirebTan mimarTebaSi- saqarT-

velos generaluri prokuratura

isxmevis gaerTianebas da TanamSromlobas mis winaaRmdeg

sabrZolvelad. amasTan, aucilebelia saTanado balansis

dacva saxelmwifo interesebs Soris gadacemis sakiTxis

gadawyvetas da gadasacemi piris uflebebis dacvas Soris.

piris eqstradiciis winapirobebi:piris eqstradiciis winapirobebi:

1. ormagi danaSaulis principi (doube criminality) piris gadacema daiSveba mxolod im qmedebisavis, romelic kval-

ificirebulia rogorc danaSauli rogorc momTxovn, aseve

mimReb saxelmwifoSi1

2. danaSauli, risTvisac iTxoven piris gadacemas unda

miekuTvnebodes saeqstradicio danaSauls;

3. gansazRvruli unda iyos danaSauli, romlisTvisac

piri unda gasamarTldes misi gadacemis Semdeg

4. gadasacemi piris sisxlissamarTlis pasuxismgeblo-

bis SezRudva (speciality principle)2 –dauSvebelia gadacemuli

piris mimarT sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis ganxorciele-

ba an misi Tavisuflebis SezRudva mis mier gadacemamde

Cadenili danaSaulis gamo, garda im danaSaulisa, romlis

CadenisTvisac igi iqna gadacemuli.

5. Prima facie case requirement (saqmis winaswari dasabuTe-bis) moTxovna3 - momTxovni saxelmwifo valdebulia winas-

war daamtkicos saqme braldebulis winaaRmdeg moTxovnis

mimRebi saxelmwifos winaSe.

6. akrZalulia piris gadacema politikuri danaSau-

1 aq mTavaria rom orive qveynis kanonmdeblobiT aRniSnuli qmedebisaTvis

gaTvaliswinebuli iyos sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba. aucilebeli ar

aris rom danaSaulis elementebi da sasjelis saxe an zoma iyos erTnairi

2 saxelmwifoTa praqtikaSi aRniSnuli principasdmi arsebobs orgvari

midgoma: 1. konkretuli-Sesabamis saxelmwifoTa kanondeblobebiT aRniSnuli

danaSaulis Semadgenlobis met-naklebad sruli Tanxvedra/msgavseba; 2. ab-

straqtuli _ gamoiyeneba kanonTa `liberaluri ganmartebis~ principi.

3 bolo dros misi gamoyeneba mcirdeba

462 463

lisTvis an im danaSaulisTvis, romelic dakavSirebulia

politikur danaSaulTan1

7. non bis in idem – dauSvebelia piris eqstradireba ara

mxolod im danaSaulisaTvis, romlisTvisac is msjavrde-

buli iyo, aramed maSinac, Tu mas Seexo amnistiis an Sewy-

alebis aqti.

8. Tu momTxovni saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT gaT-

valiswinebulia sikvdiliT dasja, xolo Semsrulebeli

saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT sikvdiliT dasja akrZalu-

lia- piris eqstradicia ganxorcieledba mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu momTxovni saxelmwifo waradgens garan-

tias imis Sesaxeb, rom eqstradiciis SemTxvevaSi gadace-

muli piris mimarT adgili ar eqneba sikvdiliT dasjis

gamoyenebas.

9. dauSvebelia eqstradicia Tu Semsrulebel saxelm-

wifos gaaCnia sakmarisi safuZveli varaudisaTvis, rom

eqstradiciis mizania piris devna da dasja misi rasis,

religiis, erovnebis an politikuri mosazrebebis gamo an

am piris mdgomareobisaTvis zianis miyeneba romelime aRniS-

nuli mizezis gamo2.

eqstradiciis instituti aregulirebs:

1. saqarTvelos Txovnas pirTa gadmocemis Sesaxeb

2. ucxo saxelmwifos Txovnas piris eqstradiciis Ses-

axeb (saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis, saqarTveloSi mudmivad

1 saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT ar aris gansazRvruli politikuri dana-

Saulis cneba. danaSaulis politikuri xasiaTis gansazRvrisas, rogorc wesi,

unda dadgindes: politikuri motivacia (subieqturi), xelyofili uflebebi,

politikuri xasiaTis movlenebTan kavSiri (obieqturi); da sxva. evropuli

konvencia da misi damatebiTi oqmi politikur danaSaulad ar Tvlis kacobrio-

bis winaaRmdeg Cadenil danaSauls, saxelmwifos meTauris an misi ojaxis wevre-

bis sicocxlis xelyofas an xelyofis mcdelobas sxva danaSaulTan erTad.

2 evropuli konvencia eqstradiciis Sesaxeb m. 3.2

mcxovrebis moqalaqeobis ar mqone pirTa, ucxoelTa an

sakuTari moqalaqeebis gadacemis Sesaxeb)

moTxovna eqstradiciis Sesaxeb:moTxovna eqstradiciis Sesaxeb:

orive SemTxvevaSi moTxovna eqstradiciis Sesaxeb unda

Seesabamebodes saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT dadgenil

rekvizitebs da momdinareobdes kompetenturi organodan.

igi SeiZleba gadaices teqnikuri saSualebebiT, Semdeg ki

dadasturdes werilobiT. moTxovna unda Seicavdes:

1. braldebulis an msjavrdebulis vinaobas;

2. Cadenili danaSaulis faqtobriv garemoebaTa Si-

naarss, im muxlis sanqciis miTiTebiT, romelic iTval-

iswinebs pasuxismgeblobas aseTi danaSaulisaTvis;

3. miTiTebas piris dakavebis an dapatimrebis, misi

dakiTxvis an Cxrekis saWiroebis Sesaxeb;

4. miTiTebas piris gadacemis adgilis, drois, wesisa

da im organos Sesaxeb, romelsac igi gadaecema.

moTxovnas unda daerTos:

_ braldebulad pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb dadge-

nilebis asli,

_ sabraldebo daskvna

_ dadgenileba Zebnis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb

_ mosamarTlis brZaneba (dadegnileba) aRkveTi Ronis-

Ziebis Sefardebis Taobaze

_ gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis asli _ msjavrdebulis gadmoce-

mis SemTxvevaSi.

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu momTxovni (SemkiTxveli) mxaris

mier mowodebuli informacia arasakmarisi aRmoCndeba Sem-

srulebeli mxarisaTvis gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, am uka-

nasknels SeuZlia moiTxovos aucilebeli damatebiTi in-

formacia, romelic mas unda waredginos 1 Tvis vadaSi.

aucileblobisas es vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes kidev mx-

464 465

olod erTi TviT.

1. saqarTvelos Txovna piris misTvis gadmocemis Ses-. saqarTvelos Txovna piris misTvis gadmocemis Ses-

axeb:axeb:

saqarTvelos ufleba aqvs moiTxovos piris (sakuTari

moqalaqeebis) eqstradicia, Tu:

1. saqarTvelos moqalaqem ucxo saxelmwifos terito-

riaze Caidina saqarTvelos sskodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli

qmedeba;

2. pirma saqarTvelos teritoriaze Caidina saqarT-

velos ss kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba da imyofeba

sazRvargareT.

pirvel SemTxvevaSi, Tu ucxo saxelmwifos teritori-Tu ucxo saxelmwifos teritori-

aze aze myofma saqarTvelos moqalaqem Caidina saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-

li, magram am qmedebisTvis igi ar iyo msjavrdebuli ucxo

saxelmwifos sasamarTlos mier, saqarTvelos sagamoZiebo

organos ufleba aqvs mis winaaRmdeg ganaxorcielos sisx-

lis samarTlebrivi devna da gamoitanos ganaCeni, gamoiTx-

ovos masalebi da mtkicebulebebi im saxelmwifodan, sadac

Cadenilia danaSauli da aRZrulia moTxovna devnili piris

saqarTvelos xelisuflebisaTvis eqstradiciis Sesaxeb.

meore SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos generaluri prokura-

tura ucxo saxelmwifos Sesabamis dawesebulebas mimar-

Tavs moTxovniT im piris gadmocemis Sesaxeb, romelmac

danaSauli Caidina saqarTvelos teritoriazedanaSauli Caidina saqarTvelos teritoriaze im SemTx-

vevaSi, Tu:

1. piris mimarT gamotanilia dadgenileba braldebu-

lad sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb

iseTi danaSaulisaTvis, romelic saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-

marTlis kanonmdeblobiT dasjadia Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT

1 welze meti vadiT; an

2. kanonier ZalaSia Sesuli mis mimarT gamotanili

gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni aseTi danaSaulisaTvis.

II. ucxo saxelmwifos Txovna eqstradiciis SesaxebII. ucxo saxelmwifos Txovna eqstradiciis Sesaxeb

samarTlebrivi daxmarebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso

xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, ucxo saxelmwifos SeuZlia

moiTxovos saqarTvelos teritoriaze myofi im piris

eqstradicia:

a) romlis mimarTac momTxovn saxelmwifoSi mimdinareobs

sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna, an

b) romelsac msjavri dasdo Tavisi qveynis sasamarTlom.

eqstradiciis Sesaxeb ucxo saxelmwifos Txovna piro-

biTad iyofa or qvesaxed:

1. Txovna ucxo saxelmwifos moqalaqeebis an moqalaqeobis

ar mqone pirTa eqstradiciis, da.

2. Txovna saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis eqstradiciis Ses-

axeb.

Tu saqarTvelos generaluri prokurori moTxovnas

dasabuTebulad da kanonierad miiCnevs, igi iZleva miTiTe-

bas misi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki _

xelSewyobas sTxovs saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saminis-

tros.

piris eqstradiciis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis ramdenime

saxelmwifosagan miRebis SemTxvevaSi sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb,

Tu romeli maTgani unda dakmayofildes, wyvets saqarT-

velos generaluri prokurori saqarTvelos sagareo saqme-

Ta ministrsa da saqarTvelos iusticiis ministrTan kon-

sultaciebis Semdeg.


ar daiSveba eqstradicia ar daiSveba eqstradicia Tu:

1) pirs micemuli aqvs politikuri TavSesafari saqarT-

veloSi an ltolvilis statusi saqarTveloSi;

466 467

2) qmedeba, romelic iyo eqstradiciis Sesaxeb moTxovnis

safuZveli, saqarTveloSi danaSaulad ar iTvleba; 3) Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis dawesebulia sikvdiliT

dasja momTxovn saxelmwifoSi;

4) piris mimarT ukve gamotanilia imave danaSaulTan dakav-

SirebiT dadgenileba (ganCineba) sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb;

5) gasulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsiT dadgenili sisxlisamarTlebrivi devnis xan-

dazmulobis vada1;

6) saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT akrZalulia eqstradi-

cia2;

Semsrulebel mxares ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas eqstradi-

ciaze, Tu misi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT danaSauli mTli-

anad an nawilobriv mis teritoriaze Cadenilad iTvleba3

eqstradiciis Sesaxeb Txovnis miRebisTanave, saqarT-

velos generaluri prokurori adgens moTxovnis dasabuTe-

bulobasa da kanonierebas da iRebs erT-erT Semdeg gadaw-

yvetilebas:

1. uars acxadebs piris eqstradiciaze _ eqstradiciaze

uaris an nawilobrivi uaris SemTxvevaSi SemkiTxvel

mxares unda ecnobos uaris Tqmis mizezebi;

1 unda aRiniSnos rom mTeli rigi danaSaulebisaTvis erovnuli da saer-

TaSoriso kanonmdeblobiT ar gamoiyeneba xandazmulobis vadebi. amasTan kon-

venciis Tanaxmad xandazmulobis vadis gasvlis motiviT eqstradicia akrZa-

lulia Tu gasulia xandazmulobis vada Semsrulebeli anan momTxovni mxaris

kanonmdeblobiT.

2 sxva safuZvels miekuTvneba saq. sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT

gaTvaliswinebuli iseTi SemTxvevebi, rogoricaa kerZo braldebis saqmeebze

dazaralebulTan Serigebis gamo sisxlissamwarmoebis Sewyveta, piris pirobiT

vadaze adre gaTavisufleba, qmediTi monanieba da a.S.

3 eqstradiciis Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia m. 7

2. Tanxmobas acxadebs eqstradiciaze.

eqstradiciaze Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi SemkiTxvel mx-

ares unda ecnobos eqstradiciis droeqstradiciis dro da adgili. piris

eqstradicia unda ganxorcieldes Semsrulebeli mxaris

mier eqstradiciis adgilisa da drois Sesaxeb Setyobine-

bis miRebidan 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi. SemkiTxveli mxaris

motivirebuli moTxovnisas, es vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes

kidev 15 dRiT. Tu damatebiTi vadis gasvlis Semdeg kvlav

ar ganxorcielda piris eqstradicia, piri unda gaTavisu-

fldes aRniSnuli vadis gasvlidan 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi.

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis aRZvris an eqstradiciis

Sesaxeb Txovnis gagzavnis momentSi, SemkiTxveli mxaris

teritoriaze patimrobaSi myofi piri gadaiyvaneba Sem-

srulebeli mxaris teritoriaze. mis etapirebaze sanqcias

iZleva saqmis gamoZiebaze zedamxedvelobis ganmaxorciele-

beli Tanamdebobis piri.

eqstradiciaze Tanxmobis micemis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba

saWiro gaxdes eqstradiciis gadavadeba an piris garkveu-

li pirobiT eqstradireba.

eqstradiciis gadavadebaeqstradiciis gadavadeba dasaSvebia, Tu:

1. gadasacemi piri saqarTvelos teritoriaze braldebulis

saxiT micemulia sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi

saqarTvelos teritoriaze Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis-

Sesabamisad ganaCenis gamotanamde, an

2. sasjels ixdis saqarTvelos teritoriaze Cadenili

sxva danaSaulisaTvis- sasjelis moxdamde, an sxva

kanonieri safuZvliT sasjelisagan mis gaTavisufle-

bamde1.

1 aq sxva kanonier safuZvelSi igulisxmeba magaliTad saq. sssk-is 28-e

muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebi

468 469

gamonaklisia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac gadavadebam

SeiZleba gamoiwvios sisxlisamarTlebrivi devnis xan-

dazmulobis vadis gasvla an gaarTulos danaSaulis

gamoZieba. am SemTxvevaSi dasabuTebuli Suamdgomlobis sa-

fuZvelze SesaZlebelia:

1. piris garkveuli vadiT eqstradicia 1. piris garkveuli vadiT eqstradicia _ _ piris eqstradi-

cia im pirobiT, rom eqstradirebuli piri im procesua-

luri moqmedebis Catarebis Semdeg, romlisTvisac igi iyo

eqstradirebuli, dauyonebliv (magram misi eqstradiciidan

ara ugvianes sami Tvisa) iqneba dabrunebuli.

2. 2. piris pirobiT eqstradicia _piris pirobiT eqstradicia _ calkeul SemTxvevbSi

SesaZlebelia, ucxo saxelmwifos TxovniT, saqarTveloSi

msjavrdebuli piris eqstradicia momTxovn saxelmwifoSi

eqstradirebuli piris mimarT sisxlis samarTlebrivi

devnis ganxorcielebis miznebisTvis. kerZod, saqarTvelos

uzenaes sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs ucxo saxelmwifos Se-

sabamis organoTa TxovniT gamoitanos dadgenileba am

saxelmwifos moqalaqis eqstradiciis Sesaxeb momTxovn

saxelmwifoSi mis mimarT sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis

ganxorcielebis mizniT. Tu am pirs Tavisi qveynis sasa-

marTlo Seufardebs ufro mkacr an saqarTveloSi mouxdeli

sasjelis Tanabar sasjels, igi sasjels moixdis Tavis

qveyanaSi da saqarTveloSi dabrunebas ar eqvemdebareba.

eqstradirebuli piris ganmeorebiTi eqstradiciaganmeorebiTi eqstradicia dasaS-

vebia, SemkiTxveli mxaris TxovniT, Tu:

_ igi Tavs aridebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas ,an

_ sasjelis moxdas, da

_ dabrunda Semsrulebeli mxaris teritoriaze.

am SemTxvevaSi eqstradiciisaTvis aucilebeli dokumen-

tebis xelmeored wardgena ar aris saWiro.

eqstradiciis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos generaluri proku-

roris dadgenileba gadasacemma pirma SeiZleba1 gaasaCivros

dadgenilebis miRebidan 15 dRis vadaSi Sesabamis raionul

(saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, romelis saCivars ganixilavs 15

dRis vadaSi. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gadaw-

yvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo sakasacio saCivris

Setanis gziT saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeTa palataSi, romelic saCivars ganixilavs

10 dRis vadaSi.

saproceso iZulebis RonisZiebebi:saproceso iZulebis RonisZiebebi: calkeul SemTxvevaSi

saqmis garemoebebis da gadasacemi piris vinaobis gaTval-

iswinebiT SeiZleba adgili hqondes Txovnas gadasacemi

piris mimarT saeqstradico patimrobis an saproceso

iZulebis sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Taobaze. am SemTx-

vevaSi, gadasacemi piris dakaveba, dapatimreba, samedicino

dawesebulebaSi eqspertizisaTvis moTavseba mis mimarT

Cxrekis, amoRebis, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso iZulebis

sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba, mis qonebaze yadaRis dadeba

daiSveba, Tu eqstradiciis moTxovnas Tan erTvis saTana-

dod damowmebuli Sesabamisi uflebamosili saxelmwifo

organos mier gamocemuli orderi (brZaneba, dadgenileba).

Tu samarTlebrivi daxmarebis farglebSi Semosulia

ucxo saxelmwifos Txovna Zebnili piris dakavebis Tao-

baze momTxovni saxelmwifosaTvis misi Semdgomi eqstradici-

is mizniT, saqarTvelo dauyonebliv iRebs zomebs gadasa-

cemi piris patimrobaSi ayvanisaTvis.

aRniSnuli piris saqarTvelos teritoriaze dakavebi-

sTanave dauyovnebliv ecnobeba momTxovni mxaris kompeten-

1 gadasacemi piri sargeblobs saqarTvelos saproceso kanonmdeblobiT

braldebulisaTvis miniWebuli yvela uflebiT.

470 471

tur organos. imavdroulad, Sesabamisi raionis proku-

rori dakavebidan 48 saaTSi SuamdgomlobiT mimarTavs

dakavebis adgilis mixedviT Sesabamis raionul (saqalaqo)

sasamarTlos piris mimarT saeqstradicio patimrobis Se-

fardebis moTxovniT. saqarTvelos teritoriaze dakavebu-

li ucxo saxelmwifoSi eqstradicias daqvemdebarebuli

piris saeqstradicio patimrobis vada ganisazRvreba 3

TviT. saeqstradicio patimrobis vadas prokuroris moti-

virebuli Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze Sesabamisi raionuli

(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mosamarTle 2 Tvemde, xolo

saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegia – kidev 2

Tvemde agrZelebs1. patimrobaSi ayvanili piri unda gaTavisufldes, Tu

Txovna eqstradiciis Sesaxeb misi patimrobaSi ayvanis Ses-

axeb Setyobinebis dRidan 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar iqna

miRebuli. SemkiTxveli mxaris TxovniT es vada SeiZleba 15

dRiT gagrZeldes.

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saeqstradicio patimro-bis Sefardebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes pirisaTvis

gadawyvetilebis gadacemidan 15 dRis vadaSi saapelacio

sasamarTloSi, romelic saCivars ganixilavs 10 dRis

vadaSi. sakuTari moqalaqeebis eqstradicia:sakuTari moqalaqeebis eqstradicia:

rogorc wesi, dauSvebelia saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis,

agreTve saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovrebi moqalaqeobis

armqone piris sisxlis-samarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi misace-

mad an sasjelis mosaxdelad eqstradireba sxva saxelmwi-

1 saeqstradicio patimrobis mimarT gamoiyeneba winaswari gamoZiebis sta-

diaze aRkveTis RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis, aseve patimrobis

vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb mosamarTlis brZanebis (dadgenilebis) gasaCivrebis

wesi 243-e muxli

foSi, Tu saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT

sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.1

saqarTvelo ganixilavs sakuTari moqalaqeebis

eqstradiciis sakiTxs nacvalgebis principis gaTval-

iswinebiT da uars acxadebs maT eqstradiciaze sazogadoe-

brivi moralis, saxelmwifo interesebisa da usafrTxoebis

safuZvelze.

unda aRiniSnos, rom uaris Tqma eqstradiciaze ar niS-

navs damnaSavis dausjelobas. swored amitom, Tu dadginda,

rom eqstradiciis mizniT dakavebuli piri saqarTvelos

moqalaqea igi dauyovnebliv unda ganTavisufldes patim-

robidan, da Tu arsebobs sakmarisi safuZveli imisaTvis,

rom pirma ucxo saxelmwifoSi Caidina saqarTvelos sisx-

lissamarTlebrivi kanonmdeblobiT dasjadi qmedeba, saqarT-

velos generaluri prokuratura sisxlissamarTlebrivi

devnis ganxorcielebis mizniT Sesabamisi qveynidan gam-

oiTxovs piris mimarT aRZrul sisxlis samarTlis

saqmes.

msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradicia msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradicia _ calkeul SemTx-

vevaSi SeiZleba adgili hqondes momTxovn saxelmwifoSi2

dauswreblad msjavrdebiuli da gasamarTlebuli piris

eqstradiciis moTxovnas. am SemTxvevaSi Semsrulebel mx-

ares ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas eqstradiciaze im SemTx-

vevaSi, Tu misi azriT, samarTalwarmoeba erovnul sasa-

marTloSi ar akmayofilebda sisxlis samarTlis danaSau-

lis CadenaSi braldebuli pirisaTvis uzrunvelyofil

1 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsisi 6.1 muxli

2 ix.sssk 254.1 amasTan, dauswreblad ganaCenis gamotanisaTvis saWiroa

443-e muxlebiT gaTvalisswinebuli debulebebis arseboba. 443.2 muxlis Tanax-

mad `gansasjelis dauswreblad saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba mxolod maSin, roca:

a) gansasjeli saqarTvelos farglebs gareTaa da Tavs aridebs sasamarTloSi

gamocxadebas~.

472 473

dacvis minimalur standartebs. amasTan, eqstradicia ganx-

orcieldeba, Tu Txovnis gamgzavni mxare warmoadgens sa-

Tanado garantiebs imisa, rom gadasacemi pirisaTvis uz-

runvelyofili iqneba xelaxali gasamarTlebis SesaZle-

bloba dacvis uflebis uzrunvelyofis pirobiT.

unda aRiniSnos, rom piris eqstradicia ara mxolod ar

gamoricxavs, aramed piriqiT, gulisxmobs eqstradicias

daqvemdebarebuli pirisaTvis Sesabamisi procesualuri ga-

rantiebis uzrunvelyofis aucileblobas. am mxriv pirvelx-

arisxovani mniSvneloba eniWeba ara mxolod pasuxismge-

blobis da sasjelis garduvalobis princips, aramed sisx-

lis samarTlis procesSi adamianis uflebaTa damcavi

erovnuli da saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi normebis

ganuxrel dacvas. eqstradirebuli pirisaTvis ama Tu im

procesualuri uflebebis SezRudvam SeiZleba rig SemTx-

vevebSi gamoiwvios uaris Tqma eqstradiciaze1. saeqstradi-

cio procesSi adamianis uflebebis dacvis prioritetu-

lobam asaxva hpova gaeros sanimuSo dokumentebis SemuSave-

bis praqtikaSic.

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-5

muxli iTvaliswinebs im piris marTlzomieri dakavebis an

dapatimrebis movaleobas, romlis winaaRmdegac xor-

cieledaba RonisZiebebi misi deportaciis an eqstradiciis

mizniT’. aRniSnuli normiT gaTvaliswinebuli garantiebi

da saxelmwifoTa movaleobebi warmoiSveba piris

eqstradiciis mizniT dakavebis momentidan, imisdamoixeda-

vad mogvianebiT ganxorcieleda Tu ara aRniSnuli piris

1 Sanchez-Reisse v. Switzerland (1986) N107, 9 E.H.R.R.71 ix. aseve 1990wlis

14 dekembris gaeros sanimuSo/tipiuri SeTanxmeba eqstradiciis Sesaxeb (re-

zolucia 45/116), romlis Tanaxmad gadasacem pirs ar gaaCnda an ar eqneba

uzrunvelyofili samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtis me-14

muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli minimaluri garantiebi.

eqstradicia. kerZod, evropuli konvenciis 5.1. muxli Sei-

cavs eqstradiciis mizniT dakavebuli/ dapatimrebuli

piris uflebebis damcav garantiebs misi eqstradiciis Ses-

axeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde. Dakaveba an dapatimreba

unda iyos `marTlzomieri, rac niSnavs rom igi unda ganx-

orcieleds qveynis kanonmdeblobis da konvenciis debule-

baTa Sesabamisad. da ar unda iyos TviTneburi. Swored

amitom, mniSvnelovania, rom eqstradicia an deportacia

manmade gadaidos, vidre ar iqneba ganxluli patimrobis

maRrTlzomiereba, vinaidan Sedgma SesaZlebelia gavlena

moaxdinos TviT eqstradiciis marTlzomierebaze. Ufro

metic, me-5.4 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli garantiebis Tval-

sazrisiT eqstradicia yovelTvis unda gadaidos manmade,

sanam sasamarTlos ar eqneba SesaZlebloba ganixilos pa-

timrobis marTlzomiereba da Tu SesaZlebelia miiRos

gadawyvetileba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

me-5.1. punqti marTalia ar adgens dapatimrebis vadas,

magram evropulma komisiam aRniSna, rom eqstradiciis

saqmeebi `saTanado gulmodginebiT~ unda iqnes ganxiluli.

saqmeSi `linasi Sveicariis winaaRmdeg~ komisiam aRniSna,

rom Tu: `samarTalwarmoeba saTanado gulmodginebiT ar

xorcieledab an Tu patimroba warmoadgens uflebamosileb-

is borotad gamoyenebis Sedegs igi ar iqneba gamarTlebu-

li me-5.1 punqtis `v~ qvepunqtiT. Amitom, mocemul farg-

lebSi evropul komisias eqneba safuZveli mxedvelobaSi

miiRos eqstradiciamde patimrobaSi yofnis xangrZlivoba~1

swored amitos, sssk detaluard aregulirebs aRniSnul

sakiTxs da adgens, rom

swored amitom, erovnuli da saerTaSoriso kanonmde-

1 Lynas v Switzerlan applic. #7317/76

474 475

bloba iTvaliswinebs piris iseT specialur procesualur

garantiebs, rogoricaa gadmomcemi saxelmwifos Tanxmobis

gareSe eqstradirebuli piris:

1. sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micemis an dasjis

akrZalva im danaSaulisaTvis, romelic ar yofila

eqstradiciis safuZveli

2. mesame saxelmwifoSi eqstradiciis akrZalva.

Semsrulebeli mxaris Tanxmoba ar aris saWiro, Tu

pirma sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis damTavrebis, sasjelis

moxdis an sxva kanonieri safuZvliT gaTavisuflebis Sem-

deg, 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi ar datova SemkiTxveli mxaris

teritoria an Tu igi nebayoflobiT kvlav dabrunda am

teritoriaze.

imavdroulad, saqarTveloSi eqstradirebuli da gad-

asacemi pirebi, maTi moqalaqeobisda miuxedavad sarge-

blobens saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT braldebulisaTvis

miniWebuli yvela uflebiT da TavisuflebiT, maT Soris

kanonis da sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis, wamebis da

araadamianuri mopyrobisgan Tavisuflebis, samarTliani

sasamarTlos xelmisawvdomobis da a.S. uflebebiT.

magram unda aRiniSnos, rom evropuli konvenciis me-3

muxlis debulebisgan gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis me-6.3 muxli1 ar krZalavs piris sxva

1 àr SeiZleba sxva saxelmwifos gadaeces Semoxiznuli, danaSaulis Cam-

deni piri, romelsac devnian politikuri mrwamsisaTvis, agreTve is, vinc Caidina

qmedeba, romelic saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT danaSaulad ar iTvleba, an Tu

Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis sikvdiliT dasjaa dawesebuli im saxelmwifoSi,

romelic gadacemas moiTxovs. aseT pirTa sisxlis-samarTlebrivi pasuxismge-

blobis sakiTxi gadawydeba saerTaSoriso samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT.

imavdroulad 6.2 muxlis Tanaxmad, danaSaulis Camdeni ucxo qveynis moqalaqe,

aseve moqalaqeobis ar mqone piri, romlebic saqarTvelos teritoriaze imyo-

febian, sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi misacemad an sasjelis mosaxdelad

sxva saxelmwifos SeiZleba gadaecnen mxolod saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso

saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs

sakmarisi safuZveli varaudisaTvis, rom es piri SeiZleba

daeqvemdebaros wamebas an araadamianur an damamcirebel

mopyrobas, an dasjas. Tumca saqarTvelos konstituciis

6.2 muxlidan gamomdinare aucilebelia adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxlis da sasamarTlo praqti-

kis gaTvaliswinebac.

msjavrdebulTa eqstradiciamsjavrdebulTa eqstradicia

msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradiciis instituti exeba mx-

olod im msjavrdebulebs, romelTa mimarTac sasamarTlos

mier gamotanili gamamtyuvnebeli ganaCeni kanonier ZalaSia

Sesuli da iTvaliswinebs vadian an uvado Tavisuflebis

aRkveTas. instituti aregulirebs sasamarTlos mier

msjavrdebul pirTa sasjelis darCenili nawilis

mosaxdelad im saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis sakiTxs, rom-

lis moqalaqeebic isini arian. Sesabamisad msjavrdebul

pirTa eqstradiciac pirobiTad or qvesaxed iyofa:

1. saqarTvelos sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebuli ucxo

qveynis moqalaqeTa eqstradicia;

2. ucxo saxelmwifoSi msjavrdebuli saqarTvelos mo-

qalaqeTa eqstradicia.

orive SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebulTa gadacemis Sesaxeb

gadawyvetilebas iRebs saqarTvelos iusticiis ministri1.

iusticiis saministrosve evaleba msjavrdebul pirTa

eqstradiciis (gadacemis/gadmoyvanis) organizeba da maTi

xelSekrulebebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.

1 gadawyvetilebis miRebamde iusticiis saministros sasjelaRsrulebis

departamenti winaswar aTanxmebs sakiTxs saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-

tros da generalur prokuraturasTan, romlebic valdebulni arian gadacema-

gadmoyvanis Taobaze TavianTi mosazrebebi saministros miawodon 15 dRis va-

daSi.

476 477

badragireba1.

msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradirebis (gadacemis/gadmoce-

mis) Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis misaRebad iusticiis saminis-

troSi warmodgenili unda iqnes Semdegi dokumentebi:

1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis damowmebuli asli;

2. dokumenti ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Sesaxeb;

3. saqmeze arsebuli zemdgomi sasamarTlo instanciebis

gadawyvetilebebis damowmebuli aslebi (aseTis arsebo-

bis SemTxvevaSi);

4. dokumenti msjavrdebulis mier sasjelis moxdili da

mouxdeli nawilis Sesaxeb;

5. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis muxlis teqsti, romlis

safuZvelzec piri iqna msjavrdebuli;

6. msjavrdebulis Tanxmoba gadacemaze2;

7. cnoba msjavrdebulis janmrTelobis Sesaxeb;

8. mimRebi qveynis moqalaqeobis damadasturebeli doku-

menti (ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi moipoveba saqarTvelos

iusticiis saministros meSveobiT).

cnoba msjavrdebulis mier danaSaulebrivi qmedebiT mi-

yenebuli zaralis dafarvis Sesaxeb;

9. saqarTvelos generaluri prokuraturis da saqarT-

velos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Tanmxmoba msjavrdebu-

lis gadmoyvanaze

msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradirebis winapirobaa msjavrdebul pirTa eqstradirebis winapirobaa gan-

aCenis gamomtani da ganaCenis aRmasrulebeli saxelmwifoe-

bis SeTanxmeba eqstradirebaze,xolo msjavrdebulTa

eqstradiciis Sesaxeb saqmis warmoebis dawyebis safuZvelsaqmis warmoebis dawyebis safuZvels

1 saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros sasjelaRsrulebis depar-

taments (SemdegSi ,,departamenti’’).

2 xolo Tu asakis, fizikuri an gonebrivi mdgomareobis gamo mas ar Seu-

Zlia gamoxatos Tavisi neba – misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis Tanxmoba

warmoadgens:

1. im qveynis kompetenturi organos Suamdgomloba, romlis

moqalaqecaa msjavrdebuli1; an

2. msjavrdebulis kanonieri warmomadgenlis an naTesavis

gancxadeba

ganaCenis gamomtani saxelmwifo ganaCenis kanonier

ZalaSi Sesvlidan umokles vadaSi ganaCenis aRmsrulebel

saxelmwifos acnobebs msjavrdebulis survils da mi-

awvdis informacias, romelSic aRiniSneba:

a) msjavrdebulis vinaoba, dabadebis TariRi da adgili;

b) misi misamarTi, Tu aseTi arsebobs ganaCenis aRmsruleb-

el saxelmwifoSi;

g) garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba ganaCeni;

d)sasjelis arsi, xangZlivoba da misi mimdinareobis daw-

yebis TariRi.

Tu ganaCenis aRmasrulebeli mxare CaTvlis, rom mis

xelT arsebuli cnobebi arasakmarisia, mas SeuZlia gan-

aCenis gamomtan saxelmwifos mosTxovos mis mier gansaz-

Rvrul vadaSi damatebiTi masalebis warmodgena.

akrZaluliaakrZalulia msjavrdebulTa eqstradireba msjavrdebulTa eqstradireba (gadacema/

gadmoyvana) Tu:

1. ganaCenis aRmasrulebeli saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT

qmedeba, romlisTvisac piri msjavrdebulia, ar war-

moadgens sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls, an ar iTval-

iswinebs sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas;

2. ar aris msjavrdebulis2 Tanxmoba;

3. moTxovnis miRebis momentisaTvis msjavrdebulis mier

mosaxdeli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada 6 Tveze nak-

1 Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos moqalaqis saqarTveloSi eqstradirebis SemTx-

vevaSi- saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro

2 Sesabamisad- misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis

478 479

lebia1;

4. ar arsebobs eqstradiciis (gadacemis/gadmoyvanis) Tao-

baze mxareTa SeTanxmeba;

5. dainteresebuli pirebi uars acxadeben badragirebis

xarjebis dafarvaze.

msjavrdebulTa eqstradirebaze msjavrdebulTa eqstradirebaze uaris Tqmauaris Tqma daiSvebadaiSveba, Tu:

1. eqstradireba ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv

wesrigs, usafrTxoebis an uSiSroebis interesebs;

2. gadatvirTulia saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis daweseb-

uleba (rodesac saubaria saqarTveloSi eqstradirebaze);

3. msjavrdebuls ar mouxdia misjili sasjelis naxevari.

msjavrdebulis gadacemamde mouxdeli sasjelis aR-sasjelis aR-

srulebasruleba, sasjelisagan sruli an nawilobrivi gaTavisu-

fleba ganaCenis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRe-

bis Semdeg xorcieldeba ganaCenis aRmasrulebeli saxelm-

wifos kanonmdeblobiT.

Tu sasjelis mosaxdelad msjavrdebulis gadacemis

Semdeg ganaCenis gamomtani saxelmwifos sasamarTlos mier

ganaCeni Secvlilia an gauqmebulia saqmis SewyvetasTan an

xelaxal gamoZiebasa Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvasTan dakav-

SirebiT, amis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba da sxva aucilebeli

dokumentebi unda gaegzavnos ganaCenis aRmasrulebeli

saxelmwifos kompetentur organos dauyovnebliv.

damatebiTi gamoZiebisdamatebiTi gamoZiebis Sedegad sareabilitacio safuZv-

liT sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Sewyvetis an sasamarTlos

mier gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi, sisx-

lis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi piris usafuZvlod micemiT

gamowveul zarals aRniSnul pirs aunazRaurebs is saxelm-

wifo, romlis teritoriazec Cadenilia danaSauli.

1 gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi mxareebi SeiZleba SeTanxmdnen eqstradirebaze

maSinac, Tu mosaxdeli sasjelis vada 6 Tveze naklebia.

I. saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis mier msjavrdebuli I. saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis mier msjavrdebuli

ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa eqstradirebis wesiucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa eqstradirebis wesi

ucxoeli moqalaqis mimarT saqarTvelos sasamarTlos

mier gamotanili gamamtyuvnebeli ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi

SesvlisTanave Sesabamisi sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebuleb-

is administracia msjavrdebuls ganumartavs mis uflebas

eqstradiciaze1.

rogorc z/aRiniSna eqstradirebis Sesaxeb samarTal-

warmoebis dawyebisaTvis msjavrdebulma:

_ unda mimarTos pirdapir departaments gancxadebiT, an

_ Tavisi qveynis kompetentur organos saqarTvelos

iusticiis saministros winaSe Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobis

aRZvris mizniT.

Semosuli Suamdgomlobis/gancxadebis safuZvelze de-

partamenti 10 dRis vadaSi Sesabamisi uwyebidan gamoiTx-

ovs eqstradirebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis

aucilebel z/a dokumentebs. am dokumentebis warmodgeni-

dan 15 dRis vadaSi departamenti Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-

trodan da generaluri prokuraturidan gamoiTxovs in-

formacias msjavrdebulis eqstradirebasTan dakavSirebiT

xelSemSleli garemoebebis arsebobis Taobaze da adgens

daskvnas eqstradirebis Taobaze.

eqstradirebis Sesaxeb brZanebis damtkicebidan 5 DdRis

vadaSi departamenti Sesabamisi ucxo qveynis kompetenturi

organos winaSe ayenebs Suamdgomlobas eqstradirebis Ses-

axeb da Tanxmobis miRebis SemTxvevaSi, aTanxmebs gadacemis

dros, adgils da wess, ris Taobazec mxareebs Soris

dgeba eqstradiciis aqti2 4 egzemplarad3 romelTagan ori

1 cnoba ganmartebis Sesaxeb unda daerTos msjavrdebulis pirad saqmes.

2 SemdgomSi –“aqti~3 aqtis 2 asli rCeba department, 2asli- im saxelmwifos warmomadgenels,

480 481

rCeba departamentis warmoadgenels, xolo ori - im qveynis

warmomadgenels, romelsac msjavrdebuli gadaeca. aqtis

erTi egzemplari rCeba departamentSi msjavrdebulis pi-

rad saqmesTan erTad, xolo meore – gadacemidan 3 dRis

vadaSi egzavneba sammarTvelos. am aqtis miRebidan 10 dRis

vadaSi, departamenti acnobebs ganaCenis gamomtan sasamarT-

los msjavrdebulis gadacemis Sesaxeb.gadasacemi msjavrde-

bulis saxelmwifo sazRvarze gasvlis safuZvels war-

moadgens saidentifikacio dokumenti, romelic gacemulia

im saxelmwifos saTanado organos mier, romlis moqalaqe-

caa msjavrdebuli.

II. ucxo saxelmwifoSi msjavrdebuli piris saqarT-II. ucxo saxelmwifoSi msjavrdebuli piris saqarT-

veloSi eqstradirebis wesiveloSi eqstradirebis wesi

am SemTxvevaSic eqstradirebis Sesaxeb samarTalwar-

moebis dawyebis safuZvelia msjavrdebulis Suamdgomloba,

romelic saqarTvlos iusticiis saministros departa-

ments SeiZleba waredginos:-

a) dainteresebuli piris; an

b) ucxo qveynis Sesabamisi kompetenturi organos mier.

dainteresebuli pirisdainteresebuli piris mier eqstradirebis Sesaxeb

gancxadebis wardgenisas saqarTvelos iusticiis saminis-

troSi, gancxadebas unda daerTos:

1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis damowmebuli asli;

2. msjavrdebulis piradobis damadasturebeli dokumenti;

3. msjavrdebulis saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis damadasture-

beli dokumenti.

gancxadebis miRebidan 15 dRis vadaSi departamenti gam-

oiTxovs z/a dokumentebs da dainteresebuli pirisagan

iRebs werilobiT dasturs msjavrdebulis SeTanxmebuli

romelsac gadaeca msjavrdebuli.

marSutiT badragirebis xarjebis gaRebis Taobaze1. eqstra-

direbis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi de-

partamenti 5 dRis vadaSi mimarTavs dainteresebul pirs

badragirebis xarjebis gadaxdis Taobaze, romelmac 1 Tvis

vadaSi unda warmoadginos aRniSnuli Tanxis sax. biujetSi

gadaxdis damadasturebeli sabuTi).

departamenti eqstradirebis Sesaxeb aqtis miRebidan 3

dRis vadaSi uzrunvelyofs ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarT-

los mier gamotanili ganaCenis aRsrulebasTan dakavSire-

bul sakiTxebs.

saqarTveloSi msjavrdebulis eqstradirebis Semdeg mis

mimarT ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos ganaCenis aR-

srulebis sakiTxs saqmis masalebis miRebidan 1 Tvis va-

daSi ixilavs saqarTvelos sasamarTlo msjavrdebulis

sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT da gansjadobis wesebis

dacviT, magram mis dauswreblad da gamoaqvs ganCineba

(dadgenileba)2.

ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos:

a) ucxo saxelmwifos ganaCenis gamomtani sasamarTlos

dasaxeleba da adgili, agreTve ganaCenis gamotanis

dro;

b) monacemebi msjavrdebuli saqarTvelos moqalaqis saqarT-

veloSi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli da samuSao adg-

1 badragirebis xarjTaRricxva ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos iusticiis

saministros safinanso-sameurneo departamentis mier. rogorc wesi, msjavrdeb-

ulis gadayvanasTan dakavSirebul yvela xarjs gaiRebs ganaCenis aRmsrulebeli

mxare, garda im xarjebisa, romlebic warmoiSoba ganaCenis gamomtani mxaris

teritoriaze. amave dros, msjavrdebulis sasjelis mosaxdelad gadacemisaTvis

saWiro saxsrebi SeiZleba gaiRon msjavrdebulma, misma naTesavebma an kanonierma

warmoamdgenelma.

2 ganCinebis (dadgenilebis) asli Sesabamisi saxelmwifos kompe-

tenturi organoebis Semdgomi informoirebis mizniT egzavneba saqarT-

velos iusticiis saministros.

482 483

ilebisa da saqmianobis Sesaxeb;

g) im qmedebis kvalifikacia, romelSic pirs brali edeba

sisxlis samarTlis kanonis safuZvelze;

d) saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis is muxli,

romliTac gaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba Cadenili

danaSaulisaTvis;

e) sasjelis saxe (ZiriTadi da damatebiTi) da vada,

romelic msjavrdebulma saqarTveloSi unda moixados,

sasjelis moxdis dawyebis da damTavrebis TariRebisa da

zianis anazRaurebis wesis miTiTebiT.

ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebuli

saqarTvelos moqalaqis sasjelis mosaxdelad saqarT-

veloSi eqstradirebis SemTxvevaSi mis mimarT dgeba

msjavrdebis igive Sedegebi, rac saqarTvelos sasamarT-

los mier msjavrdebuli piris mimarT da ucxo saxelm-

wifos sasamarTlos ganaCenis saqarTveloSi aRsruleba

xdeba imave wesiT da pirobebiT, rogorc saqarTvelos

sasamarTlos ganaCenis aRsruleba saqarTveloSi Cadenili

danaSaulisaTvis. imavdroulad, Tu saqarTvelos moqalaqe

ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebulia ise-

Ti danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, romlisTvisac saqarTvelos

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia

ukanono an/da dausabuTebeli qonebis CamorTmeva, gamam-

tyunebeli ganaCenis miRebis momentidan sami Tvis ganmav-

lobaSi saqarTvelos generaluri prokurori uflebam-

osilia, Cadenili danaSaulis faqtobrivi da samarT-

lebrivi garemoebebis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulT-

an Sesabamisobis dadasturebis moTxovniT SuamdgomlobiT

mimarTos saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos. saqarTvelos

uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palata

Suamdgomlobas ganixilavs sami Tvis vadaSi sami mosamar-

Tlis SemadgenlobiT.

ganxilvaSi monawileobis ufleba aqvs msjavrdebuls,

mis damcvels an kanonier warmomadgenels. mxareTa gamoucx-

adebloba ar abrkolebs Suamdgomlobis ganxilvas.

Suamdgomlobis ganxilvis safuZvelze sasamarTlos

gamoaqvs ganCineba1 ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos gan-

aCeniT dadgenili faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi garemoebe-

bis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesabamisi

muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTan Sesabamisobis dada-

sturebisa da Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebis an Sesabam-

isobis ararsebobisa da Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze

uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. ganCineba sabolooa da kanonier Zala-

Si Sedis gamocxadebisTanave.

ganCinebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan eqvsi Tvis

vadaSi prokurori uflebamosilia, saqarTvelos samo-

qalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT aRZras sar-

Celi msjavrdebulis ukanono an/da dausabuTebeli qonebis

CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb.

saqarTveloSi sasjelis mosaxdelad gadmoyvanili

piris mimarT gamoiyeneba ganaCenis gamomtani ucxo saxelm-

wifosa da saqarTvelos mier gamocemuli amnistiis an

Sewyalebis aqti am aqtiT dadgenili pirobebisa da wese-

bis Sesabamisad, Tu saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-

bebiTa da SeTanxmebebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebu-

1 ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos ucxo saxelmwifos ganaCenis gamomtani sasa-

marTlos dasaxeleba da adgili, ganaCenis gamotanis dro, monacemebi msjavrde-

buli saqarTvelos moqalaqis Sesaxeb, ucxo saxelmwifos sasamarTlos mier

dadgenili faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi garemoebebi, sisxlis samarTlis

kanonis Sesabamisi muxlis miTiTebiT, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-

eqsis is muxli, romliTac gaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba Sesabamisi

danaSaulis CadenisaTvis.

484 485

li. sssk sasjelis mosaxdelad gadmoyvanil piris ufle-

bas aZlevs mis mimarT amnistiisa da Sewyalebis aqtis

aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlos dadgenileba

erTjeradad gaasaCivros sssk 517-e–545-e muxlebiT gan-

sazRvruli wesiT. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi

prokurori ar monawileobs.


Tanaxmad, gadasacemi pirisTvis CemorTmeuli sagnebi da

dokumentebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mt-

kicebulebad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, egzavneba gadace-

mis momTxovn organos. materialuri Rirebulebis mqone

sagnebisa da dokumentebis gagzavna, Tu isini ar ekuTvnis

gadasacem pirs, unda moxdes gadacemis momTxovni organosa-

gan maTi Senaxvisa da mesakuTrisaTvis dabrunebis garan-

tiis miRebis Semdeg.

saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlosTan

TanamSromloba

. saqarTvelos moqalaqis, agreTve saqarTveloSi mudmi-

vad mcxovrebi moqalaqeobis armqone piris sisxlis samar-

Tlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlosaTvis gadacema xorciel-

deba sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wes-

debiT (romis statutiT) da „sisxlis samarTlis saerTa-

Soriso sasamarTlosTan saqarTvelos TanamSromlobis

Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTx-

vevebSi da dadgenili wesiT. (14.08.2003 N2980).

SeniSvnebisaTvis

486 487

teqnikuri redaqtori teqnikuri redaqtori r. Wanturiar. Wanturia

koreqtori: koreqtori: i. navrozaSvilii. navrozaSvili

pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 30,75pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 30,75

sabeWdi qaRaldi #1, 60X84 1/16sabeWdi qaRaldi #1, 60X84 1/16

beWdva ofseturibeWdva ofseturi

fasi saxelSekrulebofasi saxelSekrulebo

gamomcemloba `samarTali~,gamomcemloba `samarTali~,

Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., 47.Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., 47.

stamba Sps gazeTi `saqarTvelos macne~,stamba Sps gazeTi `saqarTvelos macne~,

gr. robaqiZis q. #7 gr. robaqiZis q. #7aa

sisxlis samarTlis procesi

gamomcemloba `samarTali~

Tbilisi 2009

ÓÃÎËÎÂÍÛÉ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑ(Íà ãðóçèíñêîì ÿçûêå)

Èçäàòåëüñòâî `Ñàìàðòàëè~ Òáèëèñè 2009

ÑRIMINAL PROCEDURE(in GorGian)

samartali publishersTbilisi 2009

Documents

sisxlis samartlis procesi - iuristebi.files.wordpress.comsisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT miniWebuli sapro-ceso uflebebiT da akisriaT movaleobebi. aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis pirebis