Situation and Response to HADR in ARF April 2009

Dr, Hong-Je Cho

Korea National Defense University

Disaster Situation

Average annual damage($US billion) caused by reported natural disasters 1990-2008

Number of people reported affected by natural disasters 1900-2008

Number of people reported killed by natural disasters 1900-2008

Number of natural disasters reported 1900-2008

Disaster Summary 1900-2008 (linear-interpolated smoothed lines)

Estimated damage(US$ billion) caused by reported natural disasters 1900-2008

Number of people reported affected by natural disasters 1900-2008

Number of people reported killed by natural disasters 1900-2008

Natural Disasters reported 1900-2008

Asian tsunami, Sichuan, China and Myanmar

Sichuan province, China earthquakeMeasuring more than 8.0 on the Richter scale70,000 were killed400,000 were listed as either injured or missingEconomic losses amounted to hundredsof millions of dollars.

Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar130,000 were killed and thousands missing

PROBLEM

Sovereignty and Humanitarian Assistance For example, Humanitarian assistance to Cyclone Nargis was not delivered efficiently for the lack of cooperation between the international humanitarian actors and the affected government. (2008 Cyclone Nargis) The initial relief work in Aceh Indonesia during 2004 Asian Tsunami was constrained due to local political conflict and religious resistance which prevented aid delivery Different from political, cultural, legal and technical dimensionsLimit their capacity to respond effectively to disasters Lack of support from the government of the country struck by disaster in personnel, equipment, logistics, intelligence, fund, beauty contest phenomenon

Global ResponseHADR is the most active Agenda in transnational security (human security sector) Sustainable effort needed for international cooperation centered on ASEAN and ARF Disaster management and emergency relief response agreement settled between ASEAN member nations in July 2005On Implementation of ASEAN disaster preparedness and disaster relief SOPTo design development cooperation of HADR through Establishment of AHA center and ASEAN regional program regulationAdopt ARF HADR guideline on ARF level and statement relevant to disaster management emergency responseNow reviewing draft ARF HADR standby arrangement system and ARF HADR SOP

Main EffortDraft of ASEAN Standby Arrangement

To construct crisis response mechanism to rapidly deploy material and capacity

Joint crisis response system to coordinate relief and preventive efforts

Database HADR assets, framing mobilize assets SOP and database management, assistance force deploy time schedule, efficiency relief item and quality

Main EffortDraft of ASEAN Standard Operation Procedures

Open ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance (AHA) Centre

Establishment of ASEAN Office to encourage cooperation among HADR member states, UN, relevant international organization in 2005(Jacarta, Indonesia)

ASEAN OfficeMain mission is management of disaster crisis information, regional standby arrangement, facilitation of joint crisis response and technical cooperation

Main EffortAdopt ASEAN Regional Program on Disaster Management)

Adopt ARF General Guidance for Disaster Relief Cooperation

Propose ARF Standby Arrangement, draft Standard Operation Procedures

Koreas Principal to HADRSustainable effort for HADR to amplify contribution of membership in international society

Enact Overseas Emergency Relief Act and regulation to construct rapid and systematic response institution.

On Article 4, Principal of HADR is implementation of HADR mission rapidly through close cooperation with host nations and international organization. Respect host nations will and recommendation

Korea ResponseAid to foster fragile states capacity for disaster management (Invitation Training)

Implementation Project

Emergency HADR

Participate in UN Emergency HADR Arrangement

HADR Direction

Centered Human Security Necessity of Harmonization of Sovereignty and Humanitarian Assistance * example : the refusal of the military junta in Myanmar to accept foreign assistance in the aftermath of Cyclone Nargis Preventive MeasureDisaster mitigation must come first. rapid and no delay Respect Host NationImpartiality and neutrality must be maintained.Enhance local capacity to absorb foreign assistance. Public-private partnership framework domestic law arrangement, bilateral and multilateral treaty sub-regional cooperation, regional cooperation, global cooperation Informational exchange and sharing. Construct emergency response standby arrangement

Enhancing International CooperationNecessity to construct a rapid approval procedure for military aircraft and fleet to enter Air Space and territory Prevent unnecessary delay due to approval procedureConstructing HADR Arrangement for smooth initial responseand international cooperationHADR CENTER six functions:1. Response 2. Logistics 3. Training4. Partnership: establishment of a public-private partnership framework5. Ownership: help to address local capacity and strengthen ownership6. Information: provision of transparency and predictability in relief responses Refer to MCCE and propose establishment of organizationsimilar to MCCROperation Force Assistance Consultative committeeAHA center (ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance center)

MCCE Mission

Coordinate the use of Air Transport, Surface Transport (sea and land) and Air-to-Air Refueling (AAR) capabilities between participating Nations and thereby improve the overall efficiency of the use of owned or leased assets of the national military organizations.

Strategic movements, but not excluding operational and tactical movements

Enhancing International CooperationEnhancing sub-regional cooperation

Workshop, Seminar and Joint Research(China, Japan, Korea)

Open Portal Site/Satellite to share HADR response Information

ConclusionHow to Tackle HADR Information-based Management database, early warning system, education programs understanding of means for prevention program political will to apply those measures

Global / International Cooperation Institution building for multilateral cooperation (ASEAN, ARF, ASEAN+3, NEA Cooperation Mechanism, APEC, Etc.) Establishing colleges and research institutes for transnational (human) security Empowering civil society and international networking of NGOs Addressing the root causes of Disaster crises Prevention is the best solution

Thank you

Dear, Co chairman and all aprticipation!First of all ,Thank you for me inviting this conference and I am very honored to presente before all of you.My name is hong je,cho come from Republic of Korea, Korea National Defense UniversityFrom now on, I will present about Situation and Response to HADR in ARF.

*As you know, Disasters occurred with humans advent. This slide show the main disaster nowadays. Left side picture showsTsunami, Right side picture shows occureance of earthquake.*We can know that Average annual damage($US billion) caused by reported natural disasters 1990-2008 and Natural disaster was more frequently occurred in Asia. Also, Most proportion isDisaster of earthquake in Africa and Asia, but disaster of storm is most proportion in America and Oceania. *In the recent, Asian tsunami and Sichuans earthquake of China and Myanmars Cyclone were severe and grand disasters. Sichuan province, China earthquake measuring more than 8.0 on the Richter scale 70,000 were killed, 400,000 were listed as either injured or missing. Economic losses amounted to hundreds of millions of dollars.Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar, 130,000 were killed and thousands missing.

*This pictures show the disasters tragedy of human being.*Next we should review problem and limitation of disaster response.As you know, One of problems disasters response is relation of Sovereignty and Humanittarrian Assistance.Traditionally recognized, Every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty above its territory. Therefore If host nation or affected nation is declined to international humanitarian assistance, occurred conflict of law. Humanitarian assistance to Cyclone Nargis was not delivered efficiently for the lack of cooperation between the international humanitarian actors and the affected government. (2008 Cyclone Nargis). The initial relief work in Aceh Indonesia during 2004 Asian Tsunami was constrained due to local political conflict and religious resistance which prevented aid delivery Next problem is Different from political, cultural, legal and technical dimensions. Especially there are difference in history, culture, religion and so in Asian region. Also, . Limit their capacity to respond effectively to disasters Lack of support from the government of the country struck by disaster in personnel, equipment, logistics, intelligence, fund, beauty contest phenomenon

*In order to avoid or reduce disaster loss, Global society responded as follows.Nowadays, global society recognition HADR is the most active Agenda in transnational security (human security sector).And Sustainable effort needed for international cooperation centered on ASEAN and ARF Disaster management and emergency relief response agreement settled between ASEAN member nations in July 2005On Implementation

**This picture is childeren smile after recovery of tsunami, We must cooperate to effective and efficently respond to disaster According to china proverb, , *