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Skeletal & Muscle Unit
Notes
How many bones does the human skeleton contain?
206
Functions of the skeletal system
Give shape & support
Protect internal organs
Moves muscles
Form blood cells
Store calcium and phosphorous
Periosteum: soft, thin, covers and protects the bone
Compact Bone: Hard, outer surface. Can heal itself when broken
Spongy Bone: Porous, contains blood vessels, nerves
Marrow: manufactures red blood cells
Bone Cross Section
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/fig81.jpg
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/bone.htm
Skeletal System
is divided into
two parts
Axial Skeleton
Skull (protects the brain).
Ribs ( protect lungs, and heart).
Spinal column (houses and protects the spinal cord).
Appendicular Skeleton
Legs
Pelvis
Arms
Shoulders
Types of Joints
Immovable
Skull
Pelvis
Movable
Pivot
Ball & socket
Hinge
Gliding
http://www.nhfyouthworld.org/junior/mayjun/skeleton.jpg
Ball & Socket: Shoulders and Hips
Allows arms and hips to move in any direction
Can move in a full 360 degrees
Pivot Joints: First two neck vertebrae & joint beneath elbow
Moves in a semicircle motion by twisting against each other
Hinged: Elbows & Knees
Move like hinges on a door
Limited movement
Can only swing back and forth
Gliding Joints: Spine, Wrists, Ankles
Slide against each other in a gliding motion
Gives your wrists and ankles lots of freedom
Immoveable joints are located in the:
How many muscles do we have?
Over 600 muscles
http://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/john21.19.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/tissues/skeletal.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.sc.edu/union/Sears/AnimalTissue/im.tissue
Cardiac.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.bmb.psu.edu
http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/
muscle.html
Muscle Fiber
Muscle
Myofibril
Inside a Muscle
Vocabulary
Appendicular
The part of your skeleton made up of your arms, legs, pelvis and shoulders.
Axial
Part of your skeleton that includes skull, ribs, and spinal column.
Vertebrae
Irregular bones that make up the spinal column
Cartilage
Smooth tissue that acts as a buffer between bones.
Ligaments
Tissues that fasten your bones together
Calcium
The mineral found in bones
Periosteum
The outer covering of bones.
Ball and Socket
These joints are found in hips and shoulders.
Gliding
These joints are found in fingers and the spine.
Immoveable
This type of joint is found in the skull and is fixed.
Pivot
These types of joints are found in the head and arms.
Voluntary
These muscles can be controlled consciously
Involuntary
These muscles can be controlled unconsciously
Skeletal
Muscle tissue that is attached to bones and causes movement.
Smooth
This type of tissue lines the walls of many organs and are involuntary.
Cardiac
Muscle tissue found in the heart.
Tendons
These tough bands of connective tissue connect bones to skeletal muscles.
Strain
An injury caused when a muscle is over stretched.
Cramp
This can be painful and is sometimes caused by too much exercise and not warming up properly.
Hinge
These joints are found in elbows and knees.
http://www.cytochemistry.net/microanatomy/muscle/smooth1.jpg