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8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 126
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
1
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu
PhEcircn regEcircu ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y vmicro haumlc cntildea nghmicronh gicedilo docircc lmicro meacutet claquong
viOumlc catilde tYacutenh chEcirct thecirci sugrave vmicro thminusecircng xuyordfn sectOacute catilde kOtildet qupara ngmicroy cmicrong cao chEcirct lminusicircng
dsup1y haumlc vmicro gicedilo docircc lmicro viOumlc lmicrom suegravet regecirci cntildea thCcedily claquo gicedilo sectOacute lmicrom regminusicircc claquong viOumlc
to liacuten vmicro khatilde khumln nmicroy gicedilo viordfn phparai regi scopyu nghiordfn coslashu nhdivideng vEcircn regOgrave vOgrave neacutei dung
- kiOtilden thoslashc khoa haumlc cnot bparan nhdivideng phminusnotng phcedilp nhdivideng htimesnh thoslashc taelig choslashc dsup1y
haumlc kUuml numlng vEumln docircng kiOtilden thoslashc meacutet ccedilch linh hosup1t scedilng tsup1o cho haumlc sinh
euml trminusecircng THPT mlaquon hocedil lmicro meacutet trong nhdivideng mlaquon haumlc cnot bparan trong giparang dsup1y
hocedil haumlc bmicroi tEumlp hocedil haumlc lmicro meacutet phminusnotng tiOumln rEcirct cCcediln thiOtildet gioacutep haumlc sinh nfrac34m vdivideng
nhiacute lcopyu ccedilc kiOtilden thoslashc cnot bparan meuml reacuteng vmicro regmicroo scopyu nhdivideng neacutei dung regmiddot regminusicircc trang
bTHORN Nhecirc regatilde haumlc sinh regminusicircc homicron thiOumln kiOtilden thoslashc regaringng thecirci phcedilt triOacuten trYacute thlaquong minh
scedilng tsup1o rIgraven luyOumln regminusicircc tYacutenh kiordfn nhEacuten nhdivideng kUuml numlng kUuml xparao numlng lugravec nhEumln
thoslashc vmicro tminus duy phcedilt triOacuten hnotn Thlaquong qua bmicroi tEumlp Hocedil haumlc gioacutep gicedilo viordfn regcedilnh gicedil
kOtildet qupara haumlc tEumlp cntildea haumlc sinh totilde regatilde phcopyn losup1i haumlc sinh vmicro catilde kOtilde hosup1ch scedilt viacutei regegravei
tminusicircng
Totilde numlm haumlc 2006- 2007 Beacute Gicedilo docircc vmicro regmicroo tsup1o regmiddot chuyOacuten regaeligi htimesnh thoslashc thi tugrave
luEumln sang thi trfrac34c nghiOumlm Htimesnh thoslashc nmicroy regszligi haacutei trong meacutet thecirci gian ngfrac34n haumlc
sinh phparai giparai nhiOgraveu bmicroi tEumlp viacutei nhiOgraveu dsup1ng khcedilc nhau huy regeacuteng nhiOgraveu regnotn vTHORN kiOtilden
thoslashc cpara vOgrave chiOgraveu reacuteng vmicro bOgrave scopyu cograveng nhminus ccedilc kUuml numlng giparai tocediln ChYacutenh vtimes vEumly gicedilo
viordfn cCcediln phparai trang bTHORN cho haumlc sinh vOgrave mAEligt kiOtilden thoslashc cograveng nhminus phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml
thuEumlt giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil haumlc- XuEcirct phcedilt totilde ttimesnh htimesnh thugravec tOtilde haumlc sinh liacutep 12 cntildea trminusecircng seuml tsup1i KiOtilden thoslashc cnot
bparan chminusa chfrac34c chfrac34n tminus duy hsup1n chOtilde sectOacute gioacutep haumlc sinh nfrac34m chfrac34c kiOtilden thoslashc cnot bparan
vmicro homicron thmicronh tegravet regminusicircc ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp theo phminusnotng phcedilp trfrac34c nghiOumlm khcedilch quan
Totilde nhdivideng lYacute do trordfn tlaquoi chaumln regOgrave tmicroi
991260Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trumlc nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc991260
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 226
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
2
II Thugravec trsup1ng
euml cEcircp THCS haumlc sinh regmiddot regminusicircc trang bTHORN phminusnotng phcedilp giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc cnot bparan
regatilde lmicro Phminusnotng phcedilp tYacutenh theo claquong thoslashc hocedil haumlc vmicro phminusnotng phcedilp tYacutenh theo phminusnotng
trtimesnh hocedil haumlc phminusnotng phcedilp trung btimesnh euml cEcircp THPT regnotn vTHORN kiOtilden thoslashc reacuteng hnotn
nhiOgraveu dsup1ng bmicroi tEumlp hnotn dEacuten tiacutei haumlc sinh thminusnotng loacuteng toacuteng khlaquong biOtildet lugravea chaumln
phminusnotng phcedilp nmicroo regOacute giparai
Totilde thugravec trsup1ng trordfn vmicro qua qucedil trtimesnh haumlc chuyordfn regOgrave baringi dminusigraveng thminusecircng xuyordfn
qua haumlc haacutei regaringng nghiOumlp vmicro qua qucedil trtimesnh tugrave haumlc tugrave baringi dminusigraveng tlaquoi regmiddot souml docircng
991260 Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc991260 regOacute gioacutep regigrave haumlc
sinh giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng
ccedilc Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
Trminusiacutec hOtildet tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh phparai nfrac34m vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc lyacute thuyOtildet vOgrave ccedilc
phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc vOgrave tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct oslashng viacutei totildeng neacutei dung trong ccedilc bmicroihaumlc Nfrac34m vdivideng phminusnotng phcedilp tYacutenh theo claquong thoslashc hocedil haumlc vmicro phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc
- lmicro phminusnotng phcedilp cnot bparan nhEcirct vmicro quan traumlng nhEcirct trong viOumlc htimesnh thmicronh kuuml numlng
giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc cntildea haumlc sinh TiOtildep regatilde tlaquoi trang bTHORN cho haumlc sinh meacutet hOuml thegraveng neacutei
dung ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc thYacute docirc minh hosup1 vmicro ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp- Neacutei dung Khi chuyOacuten totilde chEcirct nmicroy sang chEcirct khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng catilde thOacute tumlng
hay giparam do khegravei lminusicircng mol cntildea ccedilc chEcirct khcedilc nhau
b Cnot seuml phminusnotng phcedilp
- Dugravea vmicroo sugrave tumlng hoAEligc giparam khegravei lminusicircng khi chuyOacuten meacutet mol chEcirct X thmicronh meacutet
hoAEligc nhiOgraveu mol chEcirct Y ( catilde thOacute qua ccedilc giai regosup1n trung gian) ta dOcirc dmicrong tYacutenh regminusicircc
segrave mol ccedilc chEcirct vmicro ngminusicircc lsup1i Totilde segrave mol hoAEligc quan hOuml vOgrave segrave mol cntildea ccedilc chEcirct ta
sIuml biOtildet regminusicircc sminus tumlng hay giparam khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct X Y
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 326
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
3
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- MEcircu chegravet cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp lmicro xcedilc regTHORNnh regoacuteng megravei liordfn hOuml tOslash lOuml mol gdividea ccedilc
chEcirct regmiddot biOtildet X viacutei chEcirct cCcediln xcedilc regTHORNnh Y Xem xETHt khi chuyOacuten totilde chEcirct X thmicronh chEcirct
Y thtimes khegravei lminusicircng tumlng lordfn hay giparam regi theo tOslash lOuml phparan oslashng vmicro theo bmicroi cho sau ciumlng
lmicro dugravea vmicroo quy tfrac34c tam suEcirct lEumlp phminusnotng trtimesnh tocediln haumlc regOacute giparaid ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
ThYacute docirc 1 Homicro tan 62g hccediln hicircp 2 kim losup1i kiOgravem trong nminusiacutec (lEcircy dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute H2 (regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc bao nhiordfu gam
chEcirct rfrac34n
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
NOtildeu diumlng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp regsup1i segrave thlaquong thminusecircng regAEligt Egraven segrave lEumlp hOuml phminusnotng trtimesnh
thtimes mEcirct nhiOgraveu thecirci gian vmicro kOtildet cocircc khlaquong ttimesm ra regcedilp segrave cho bmicroi tocediln
NOtildeu diumlng phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng vmicro bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde thOacute
giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave meacutet ccedilch regnotn giparan vmicro hiOumlu qupara
mrfrac34n = mhccediln hicircp kim losup1i + OH m minus
Vtimes phparan oslashng xparay ra tsup1o hiregroxit kim losup1i vmicro giparai phatildeng H2 Ta regmiddot biOtildet
H2Orarr
H
+
+ OH
-
2
2242 2 0 2( )
224 H OH H
n n n molminus += = = =
VEumly mrfrac34n=62+02times17 = 96 (g)
ThYacute docirc 2 Catilde 1 lYacutet dung dTHORNch Na2CO3 01M vmicro (NH4)2CO3 025M Cho 43g
hccediln hicircp BaCl2 vmicro CaCl2 vmicroo dung dTHORNch regatilde Sau khi ccedilc phparan oslashng kOtildet thoacutec thu regminusicircc397g kOtildet tntildea A TYacutenh phCcediln trumlm khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trong A
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
23CO
n minus trong 1lYacutet dung dTHORNch Na2CO3 01M vmicro (NH4)2CO3 025M lmicro
01+025=03 (mol)
Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra
Ba2+ + CO32-rarr BaCO3darr
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 426
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
4
Ca2+ + CO32-rarr CaCO3darr
Coslash 1 mol BaCl2 hoAEligc CaCl2 chuyOacuten thmicronh BaCO3 hoAEligc CaCO3 khegravei lminusicircng giparam
71- 60 = 11(g)
VEumly taeligng segrave mol cntildea
43-397(BaCO3 + CaCO3) = 03( )
11
mol=
choslashng taacute dminus CO3
2-
Ta catilde ngay hOuml phminusnotng trtimesnh sectAEligt x y lmicro segrave mol cntildea BaCO3 vmicro CaCO3 trong A ta
catilde
03
197 100 39 7
x y
x y
+ =
+ = giparai ra
01( )
02( )
x mol
y mol
=
=
3
3
01 197 100 4962()
397 100 49 62 5038()
BaCO
CaCO
m
m
times= times =
= minus =
ThYacute docirc 3 Homicro tan 10g hccediln hicircp 2 muegravei XCO3 vmicro Y2(CO3)3 braquong dung dTHORNch
HCl dminus ta thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro 0672 lYacutet khYacute bay ra euml regktc Haacutei claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch A thu regminusicircc bao nhiordfu gam muegravei khan
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Khi chuyOacuten totilde muegravei ccedilcbonat thmicronh muegravei Clorua thtimes coslash 1 mol CO2uarr lminusicircng
muegravei tumlng
CO32- chuyOacuten thmicronh 2Cl- rarr1mol CO2uarr
60g chuyOacuten thmicronh 71g khegravei lminusicircng tumlng 11g
Theo gipara thiOtildet
2
06720 03( )
224COn mol= =
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc muegravei Clorua
Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei Clorua = 10 + 003times11 = 1033(g)
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml cntildea meacutet nguyordfn tegrave trminusiacutec phparan oslashng hocedil
haumlc braquong taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml nguyordfn tegrave regatilde sau phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 526
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
5
- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml cntildea meacutet nguyordfn tegrave trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm
braquong taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml nguyordfn tegrave regatilde sau thYacute nghiOumlm nghUumla lmicro nguyordfn tegrave hocedil
haumlc regminusicircc bparao tomicron
b Cnot seuml phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc chOslash lmicrom thay regaeligi trEumlt tugrave vmicro ccedilch thoslashc liordfn kOtildet gidividea ccedilcnguyordfn touml mmicro khlaquong lmicrom mEcirct regi nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc regminusicircc
bparao tomicron
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- sectiOacutem mEcircu chegravet cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp lmicro phparai xcedilc regTHORNnh regoacuteng thmicronh phCcediln nguyordfn
tegrave trminusiacutec vmicro sau phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho khYacute CO regi qua 02 mol Fe2O3 natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp
chEcirct rfrac34n A (garingm a mol Fe2O3 b mol Fe3O4 c mol FeO vmicro d mol Fe) vmicro hccediln hicircp
khYacute B (garingm CO vmicro CO2) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol Fe sau phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol Fe trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2a + 3b + c + d = 02 2 = 04
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Cho khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng 8(g) Fe2O3 nung natildeng meacutet thecirci
gian sau thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n X (garingm Fe FeO vmicro Fe3O4) vmicro hccediln hicircp khYacute B
Homicro tan X trong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch Y vmicro khYacute SO2
Lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y lmicro (cho Fe = 56 S = 32 O =
16)
A 16 (g) B 20 (g) C 18 (g) D 24 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei khan thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe2(SO4)3 cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde Segrave mol Fe trong Fe2O3 braquong segrave mol Fe trong Fe2(SO4)3
rArr Segrave mol Fe2(SO4)3 = segrave mol Fe2O3 =160
8 = 005 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng Fe2(SO4)3 = 005 400 = 20 (g)
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 626
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
6
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2
Homicro tan homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp garingm 012mol FeS2 vmicro a mol Cu2S vmicroo dung dTHORNch
HNO3 (votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch X (chOslash choslasha hai muegravei sunfat) vmicro khYacute duy nhEcirct
NO Gicedil trTHORN cntildea a lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Cu = 64 S = 32) A 0075 B 012 C 006 D 004
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh phparai viOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea sparan phEgravem hiOacuteu
regminusicircc bparan chEcirct cntildea phparan oslashng lmicro phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml Ccedilc nguyordfn tegrave Fe Cu S sIuml
bTHORN HNO3 oxi hocedil lordfn segrave oxi hocedil cao nhEcirct VEumly claquong thoslashc cntildea hai muegravei sunfat lmicro
Fe2(SO4)3 vmicro CuSO4
Ta catilde snot regaring hicircp thoslashc 2FeS2 rarr Fe2(SO4)3
012 (mol) 006 (mol)
Cu2S rarr 2CuS
a (mol) 2a (mol)
+ Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng 012 2 + a = (024 + a) mol
+ Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng 006 3 + 2a = (018 + 2a) mol
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
024 + a = 018 + 2a hArr a = 006 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
ThYacute docirc 3
Este E catilde 3 nguyordfn tegrave C H O LEcircy 122 (g) E phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei 200 ml
dung dTHORNch KOH 01M Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc phCcediln bay hnoti chOslash
catilde nminusiacutec vmicro phCcediln rfrac34n lmicro 216 (g) hccediln hicircp muegravei sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp muegravei
nmicroy thu regminusicircc 264 (g) CO2 054 (g) H2O vmicro a (g) K2CO3 TYacutenh a(cho C = 12 H = 1 O = 16 K = 39)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol KOH = 01 02 = 002 (mol)
+ Gaumli segrave mol K2CO3 = x (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol K sau phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol K trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2x = 002 hArr x = 001
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 726
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
7
Do regatilde a = 001 138 = 138 (g)
ThYacute docirc 4 Trong btimesnh kYacuten catilde choslasha 002 mol C2H2 vmicro 003 mol H2 viacutei meacutet Yacutet beacutet
Ni Nung natildeng btimesnh meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp X garingm C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 vmicro
H2 Segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily homicron tomicron X lmicro
A 0075 mol B 0065 mol C 0055 mol D 0045 molHminusiacuteng dEacuten Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hmicrom lminusicircng cntildea C vmicro H trong
X vmicro trong hccediln hicircp regCcedilu lmicro nhminus nhau Mmicro sparan phEgravem chcedily regOgraveu lmicro CO 2 vmicro H2O Vtimes
vEumly segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily hOtildet hccediln hicircp X braquong regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban
regCcedilu
Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban regCcedilu
2C2H
2 + 5O
2 rarr
ot 4CO2 + 2H
2O (1)
002 (mol) 005 (mol)
2H2 + O2 rarr ot 2H2O (2)
003 (mol) 0015 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Segrave mol O2 = 005 + 0015 = 0065 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 5 sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A (garingm FeS2 vmicro Ag2S viacutei segrave mol braquong
nhau) thu regminusicircc 336 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B vmicroo cegravec regugraveng dungdTHORNch axit HCl (dminus) Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan trong axit HCl lmicro
(cho Fe = 56 Ag = 108 S = 32)
A 1435 (g) B 7175 (g) C 108 (g) D 54 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Lminusu yacute rraquong Ag2O khlaquong bOgraven nordfn chEcirct rfrac34n B garingm Fe2O3 vmicro Ag Vtimes
vEumly khi cho B tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl thtimes chOslash catilde Fe2O3 lmicro tan Ag khlaquong tan
Ta cCcediln tYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Ag Gaumli segrave mol cntildea FeS2 vmicro Ag2S regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng chcedily lmicro 2x + x = 3x (mol)
Segrave mol SO2 braquong422
363= 015 (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng chcedily braquong 015 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
3x = 015 hArr x = 005 (mol)
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Do segrave mol Ag2S = 005 (mol) rArr Segrave mol Ag = 005 2 = 01 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan lmicro 01 108 = 108 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp- Neacutei dung Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc chEcirct tham gia phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc braquong taeligng
khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sparan phEgravem
- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm braquong taeligng khegravei
lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sau thYacute nghiOumlm
b Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes catilde sugrave bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn dEacuten regOtilden sugrave bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc
chEcirct trong meacutet phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc cograveng nhminus trong meacutet thYacute nghiOumlm
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- CCcediln ttimesm ra megravei tminusnotng quan gidividea ccedilc hOuml segrave tOslash lminusicircng trong phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil
haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho m1 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 2 muegravei cacbonat X2CO3 vmicro YCO3 tcedilc docircng viacutei
dung dTHORNch HCl dminus sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro a mol CO 2 Claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc m2 (g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea m1 m2 vmicro a
(cho H = 1 Cl = 355 O = 16 C = 12 )
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc
X2CO3 + 2HCl rarr 2XCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
YCO3 + 2HCl rarr YCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2)
Theo (1) vmicro (2)
+ Segrave mol H2O sinh ra braquong a (mol)
+ Segrave mol HCl phparan oslashng braquong 2a (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m1 + 365 2a = m2 + 44a + 18aHay m1 + 11a = m2 (2)
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e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1
Homicro tan homicron tomicron 232 (g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i braquong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng
(votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc 112 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro 60 (g) muegravei Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc
phcopyn touml cntildea oxitHminusiacuteng dEacuten + Gaumli claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro MxOy
+ Segrave mol SO2 =422
121= 005 (mol)
+ Gaumli hocedil trTHORN cao nhEcirct cntildea M lmicro n
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
MxOy + H2SO4 rarr M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O (1)sectAEligt segrave mol muegravei M2(SO4)n braquong t (mol)
- Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng braquong (nt + 005) mol
- Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol H2SO4
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H2SO4 nt + 005 (mol)
Segrave mol H2
O sinh ra braquong segrave mol H2
SO4
phparan oslashng nt + 005 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho phparan oslashng (1)
Ta catilde 232 + 98 (nt + 005) = 60 + 64 005 + 18 (nt + 005)
hArr nt = 045 (I)
MAEligt khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng muegravei braquong
(2M + 96 n)t = 60
hArr 2Mt + 96 nt = 60 (II)
Thay (I) vmicroo (II) ta regminusicircc
Mt = 84 (III)
Totilde (I) vmicro (III) suy ra M =3
56n (IV)
ChOslash catilde n = 3 M = 56 (Fe) lmicro phiuml hicircp thay n = 3 vmicroo (I) rArr t = 015
rArr segrave mol Fe = 2t = 03 (mol)
Lsup1i catilde Khegravei lminusicircng Fe trong oxit 56 2 t = 56 2 015rArr Khegravei lminusicircng O trong oxit 232 - 168 = 64 (g)
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rArr Segrave mol O =16
46= 04 (mol)
Nordfn OmolSegrave
FemolSegrave
y
x= =
4
3
40
30=
rArr Claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro Fe3O4
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho 281 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 3 oxYacutet Fe2O3 MgO ZnO tan votildea regntilde
trong 300 ml dung dTHORNch H2SO4 01M thtimes khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp ccedilc muegravei khan thu
regminusicircc lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Mg = 24 Zn = 65 O = 16 H = 1 S = 32)
A 381 (g) B 481 (g) C 521 (g) D 480 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Snot regaring phparan oslashng Oxit + Axit rarr Muegravei + Nminusiacutec (1)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H trong H2SO4 braquong segrave mol H trong H2O sinh raNordfn suy ra Segrave mol H2O = segrave mol H2SO4 = 03 01 = 003 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde 281 + 003 98 = a + 003 18 (1)
(Viacutei a lmicro khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan)
Totilde (1) ta catilde a = 521 (g)
rarr
sectcedilp cediln C ThYacute docirc 3
Cho 156 (g) hccediln hicircp 2 ancol (rminusicircu) regnotn choslashc kOtilde tiOtildep nhau trong dmiddoty regaringng
regfrac14ng tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei 92 (g) Na thu regminusicircc 245 (g) chEcirct rfrac34n Hai ancol regatilde lmicro
(cho Na = 23 C = 12 H = 1 O = 16)
A CH3OH vmicro C2H5OH B C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
C C3H5OH vmicro C4H7OH C C3H7OH vmicro C4H9OH
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli claquong thoslashc chung cntildea 2 ancol lmicro OHR
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc 2 OHR + 2Na rarr 2 ONaR + H2 (1)
- Gaumli segrave mol H2 sinh ra lmicro x mol
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng H2 = 2x (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
156 + 92 = 245 + 2x
rArr x = 015 (mol)
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Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
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II Thugravec trsup1ng
euml cEcircp THCS haumlc sinh regmiddot regminusicircc trang bTHORN phminusnotng phcedilp giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc cnot bparan
regatilde lmicro Phminusnotng phcedilp tYacutenh theo claquong thoslashc hocedil haumlc vmicro phminusnotng phcedilp tYacutenh theo phminusnotng
trtimesnh hocedil haumlc phminusnotng phcedilp trung btimesnh euml cEcircp THPT regnotn vTHORN kiOtilden thoslashc reacuteng hnotn
nhiOgraveu dsup1ng bmicroi tEumlp hnotn dEacuten tiacutei haumlc sinh thminusnotng loacuteng toacuteng khlaquong biOtildet lugravea chaumln
phminusnotng phcedilp nmicroo regOacute giparai
Totilde thugravec trsup1ng trordfn vmicro qua qucedil trtimesnh haumlc chuyordfn regOgrave baringi dminusigraveng thminusecircng xuyordfn
qua haumlc haacutei regaringng nghiOumlp vmicro qua qucedil trtimesnh tugrave haumlc tugrave baringi dminusigraveng tlaquoi regmiddot souml docircng
991260 Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc991260 regOacute gioacutep regigrave haumlc
sinh giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng
ccedilc Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
Trminusiacutec hOtildet tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh phparai nfrac34m vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc lyacute thuyOtildet vOgrave ccedilc
phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc vOgrave tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct oslashng viacutei totildeng neacutei dung trong ccedilc bmicroihaumlc Nfrac34m vdivideng phminusnotng phcedilp tYacutenh theo claquong thoslashc hocedil haumlc vmicro phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc
- lmicro phminusnotng phcedilp cnot bparan nhEcirct vmicro quan traumlng nhEcirct trong viOumlc htimesnh thmicronh kuuml numlng
giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc cntildea haumlc sinh TiOtildep regatilde tlaquoi trang bTHORN cho haumlc sinh meacutet hOuml thegraveng neacutei
dung ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc thYacute docirc minh hosup1 vmicro ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp- Neacutei dung Khi chuyOacuten totilde chEcirct nmicroy sang chEcirct khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng catilde thOacute tumlng
hay giparam do khegravei lminusicircng mol cntildea ccedilc chEcirct khcedilc nhau
b Cnot seuml phminusnotng phcedilp
- Dugravea vmicroo sugrave tumlng hoAEligc giparam khegravei lminusicircng khi chuyOacuten meacutet mol chEcirct X thmicronh meacutet
hoAEligc nhiOgraveu mol chEcirct Y ( catilde thOacute qua ccedilc giai regosup1n trung gian) ta dOcirc dmicrong tYacutenh regminusicircc
segrave mol ccedilc chEcirct vmicro ngminusicircc lsup1i Totilde segrave mol hoAEligc quan hOuml vOgrave segrave mol cntildea ccedilc chEcirct ta
sIuml biOtildet regminusicircc sminus tumlng hay giparam khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct X Y
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c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- MEcircu chegravet cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp lmicro xcedilc regTHORNnh regoacuteng megravei liordfn hOuml tOslash lOuml mol gdividea ccedilc
chEcirct regmiddot biOtildet X viacutei chEcirct cCcediln xcedilc regTHORNnh Y Xem xETHt khi chuyOacuten totilde chEcirct X thmicronh chEcirct
Y thtimes khegravei lminusicircng tumlng lordfn hay giparam regi theo tOslash lOuml phparan oslashng vmicro theo bmicroi cho sau ciumlng
lmicro dugravea vmicroo quy tfrac34c tam suEcirct lEumlp phminusnotng trtimesnh tocediln haumlc regOacute giparaid ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
ThYacute docirc 1 Homicro tan 62g hccediln hicircp 2 kim losup1i kiOgravem trong nminusiacutec (lEcircy dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute H2 (regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc bao nhiordfu gam
chEcirct rfrac34n
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
NOtildeu diumlng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp regsup1i segrave thlaquong thminusecircng regAEligt Egraven segrave lEumlp hOuml phminusnotng trtimesnh
thtimes mEcirct nhiOgraveu thecirci gian vmicro kOtildet cocircc khlaquong ttimesm ra regcedilp segrave cho bmicroi tocediln
NOtildeu diumlng phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng vmicro bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde thOacute
giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave meacutet ccedilch regnotn giparan vmicro hiOumlu qupara
mrfrac34n = mhccediln hicircp kim losup1i + OH m minus
Vtimes phparan oslashng xparay ra tsup1o hiregroxit kim losup1i vmicro giparai phatildeng H2 Ta regmiddot biOtildet
H2Orarr
H
+
+ OH
-
2
2242 2 0 2( )
224 H OH H
n n n molminus += = = =
VEumly mrfrac34n=62+02times17 = 96 (g)
ThYacute docirc 2 Catilde 1 lYacutet dung dTHORNch Na2CO3 01M vmicro (NH4)2CO3 025M Cho 43g
hccediln hicircp BaCl2 vmicro CaCl2 vmicroo dung dTHORNch regatilde Sau khi ccedilc phparan oslashng kOtildet thoacutec thu regminusicircc397g kOtildet tntildea A TYacutenh phCcediln trumlm khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trong A
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
23CO
n minus trong 1lYacutet dung dTHORNch Na2CO3 01M vmicro (NH4)2CO3 025M lmicro
01+025=03 (mol)
Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra
Ba2+ + CO32-rarr BaCO3darr
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Ca2+ + CO32-rarr CaCO3darr
Coslash 1 mol BaCl2 hoAEligc CaCl2 chuyOacuten thmicronh BaCO3 hoAEligc CaCO3 khegravei lminusicircng giparam
71- 60 = 11(g)
VEumly taeligng segrave mol cntildea
43-397(BaCO3 + CaCO3) = 03( )
11
mol=
choslashng taacute dminus CO3
2-
Ta catilde ngay hOuml phminusnotng trtimesnh sectAEligt x y lmicro segrave mol cntildea BaCO3 vmicro CaCO3 trong A ta
catilde
03
197 100 39 7
x y
x y
+ =
+ = giparai ra
01( )
02( )
x mol
y mol
=
=
3
3
01 197 100 4962()
397 100 49 62 5038()
BaCO
CaCO
m
m
times= times =
= minus =
ThYacute docirc 3 Homicro tan 10g hccediln hicircp 2 muegravei XCO3 vmicro Y2(CO3)3 braquong dung dTHORNch
HCl dminus ta thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro 0672 lYacutet khYacute bay ra euml regktc Haacutei claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch A thu regminusicircc bao nhiordfu gam muegravei khan
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Khi chuyOacuten totilde muegravei ccedilcbonat thmicronh muegravei Clorua thtimes coslash 1 mol CO2uarr lminusicircng
muegravei tumlng
CO32- chuyOacuten thmicronh 2Cl- rarr1mol CO2uarr
60g chuyOacuten thmicronh 71g khegravei lminusicircng tumlng 11g
Theo gipara thiOtildet
2
06720 03( )
224COn mol= =
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc muegravei Clorua
Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei Clorua = 10 + 003times11 = 1033(g)
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml cntildea meacutet nguyordfn tegrave trminusiacutec phparan oslashng hocedil
haumlc braquong taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml nguyordfn tegrave regatilde sau phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc
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- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml cntildea meacutet nguyordfn tegrave trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm
braquong taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml nguyordfn tegrave regatilde sau thYacute nghiOumlm nghUumla lmicro nguyordfn tegrave hocedil
haumlc regminusicircc bparao tomicron
b Cnot seuml phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc chOslash lmicrom thay regaeligi trEumlt tugrave vmicro ccedilch thoslashc liordfn kOtildet gidividea ccedilcnguyordfn touml mmicro khlaquong lmicrom mEcirct regi nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc regminusicircc
bparao tomicron
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- sectiOacutem mEcircu chegravet cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp lmicro phparai xcedilc regTHORNnh regoacuteng thmicronh phCcediln nguyordfn
tegrave trminusiacutec vmicro sau phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho khYacute CO regi qua 02 mol Fe2O3 natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp
chEcirct rfrac34n A (garingm a mol Fe2O3 b mol Fe3O4 c mol FeO vmicro d mol Fe) vmicro hccediln hicircp
khYacute B (garingm CO vmicro CO2) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol Fe sau phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol Fe trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2a + 3b + c + d = 02 2 = 04
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Cho khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng 8(g) Fe2O3 nung natildeng meacutet thecirci
gian sau thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n X (garingm Fe FeO vmicro Fe3O4) vmicro hccediln hicircp khYacute B
Homicro tan X trong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch Y vmicro khYacute SO2
Lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y lmicro (cho Fe = 56 S = 32 O =
16)
A 16 (g) B 20 (g) C 18 (g) D 24 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei khan thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe2(SO4)3 cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde Segrave mol Fe trong Fe2O3 braquong segrave mol Fe trong Fe2(SO4)3
rArr Segrave mol Fe2(SO4)3 = segrave mol Fe2O3 =160
8 = 005 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng Fe2(SO4)3 = 005 400 = 20 (g)
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rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2
Homicro tan homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp garingm 012mol FeS2 vmicro a mol Cu2S vmicroo dung dTHORNch
HNO3 (votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch X (chOslash choslasha hai muegravei sunfat) vmicro khYacute duy nhEcirct
NO Gicedil trTHORN cntildea a lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Cu = 64 S = 32) A 0075 B 012 C 006 D 004
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh phparai viOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea sparan phEgravem hiOacuteu
regminusicircc bparan chEcirct cntildea phparan oslashng lmicro phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml Ccedilc nguyordfn tegrave Fe Cu S sIuml
bTHORN HNO3 oxi hocedil lordfn segrave oxi hocedil cao nhEcirct VEumly claquong thoslashc cntildea hai muegravei sunfat lmicro
Fe2(SO4)3 vmicro CuSO4
Ta catilde snot regaring hicircp thoslashc 2FeS2 rarr Fe2(SO4)3
012 (mol) 006 (mol)
Cu2S rarr 2CuS
a (mol) 2a (mol)
+ Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng 012 2 + a = (024 + a) mol
+ Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng 006 3 + 2a = (018 + 2a) mol
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
024 + a = 018 + 2a hArr a = 006 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
ThYacute docirc 3
Este E catilde 3 nguyordfn tegrave C H O LEcircy 122 (g) E phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei 200 ml
dung dTHORNch KOH 01M Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc phCcediln bay hnoti chOslash
catilde nminusiacutec vmicro phCcediln rfrac34n lmicro 216 (g) hccediln hicircp muegravei sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp muegravei
nmicroy thu regminusicircc 264 (g) CO2 054 (g) H2O vmicro a (g) K2CO3 TYacutenh a(cho C = 12 H = 1 O = 16 K = 39)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol KOH = 01 02 = 002 (mol)
+ Gaumli segrave mol K2CO3 = x (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol K sau phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol K trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2x = 002 hArr x = 001
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Do regatilde a = 001 138 = 138 (g)
ThYacute docirc 4 Trong btimesnh kYacuten catilde choslasha 002 mol C2H2 vmicro 003 mol H2 viacutei meacutet Yacutet beacutet
Ni Nung natildeng btimesnh meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp X garingm C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 vmicro
H2 Segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily homicron tomicron X lmicro
A 0075 mol B 0065 mol C 0055 mol D 0045 molHminusiacuteng dEacuten Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hmicrom lminusicircng cntildea C vmicro H trong
X vmicro trong hccediln hicircp regCcedilu lmicro nhminus nhau Mmicro sparan phEgravem chcedily regOgraveu lmicro CO 2 vmicro H2O Vtimes
vEumly segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily hOtildet hccediln hicircp X braquong regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban
regCcedilu
Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban regCcedilu
2C2H
2 + 5O
2 rarr
ot 4CO2 + 2H
2O (1)
002 (mol) 005 (mol)
2H2 + O2 rarr ot 2H2O (2)
003 (mol) 0015 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Segrave mol O2 = 005 + 0015 = 0065 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 5 sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A (garingm FeS2 vmicro Ag2S viacutei segrave mol braquong
nhau) thu regminusicircc 336 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B vmicroo cegravec regugraveng dungdTHORNch axit HCl (dminus) Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan trong axit HCl lmicro
(cho Fe = 56 Ag = 108 S = 32)
A 1435 (g) B 7175 (g) C 108 (g) D 54 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Lminusu yacute rraquong Ag2O khlaquong bOgraven nordfn chEcirct rfrac34n B garingm Fe2O3 vmicro Ag Vtimes
vEumly khi cho B tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl thtimes chOslash catilde Fe2O3 lmicro tan Ag khlaquong tan
Ta cCcediln tYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Ag Gaumli segrave mol cntildea FeS2 vmicro Ag2S regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng chcedily lmicro 2x + x = 3x (mol)
Segrave mol SO2 braquong422
363= 015 (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng chcedily braquong 015 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
3x = 015 hArr x = 005 (mol)
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Do segrave mol Ag2S = 005 (mol) rArr Segrave mol Ag = 005 2 = 01 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan lmicro 01 108 = 108 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp- Neacutei dung Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc chEcirct tham gia phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc braquong taeligng
khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sparan phEgravem
- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm braquong taeligng khegravei
lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sau thYacute nghiOumlm
b Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes catilde sugrave bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn dEacuten regOtilden sugrave bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc
chEcirct trong meacutet phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc cograveng nhminus trong meacutet thYacute nghiOumlm
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- CCcediln ttimesm ra megravei tminusnotng quan gidividea ccedilc hOuml segrave tOslash lminusicircng trong phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil
haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho m1 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 2 muegravei cacbonat X2CO3 vmicro YCO3 tcedilc docircng viacutei
dung dTHORNch HCl dminus sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro a mol CO 2 Claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc m2 (g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea m1 m2 vmicro a
(cho H = 1 Cl = 355 O = 16 C = 12 )
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc
X2CO3 + 2HCl rarr 2XCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
YCO3 + 2HCl rarr YCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2)
Theo (1) vmicro (2)
+ Segrave mol H2O sinh ra braquong a (mol)
+ Segrave mol HCl phparan oslashng braquong 2a (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m1 + 365 2a = m2 + 44a + 18aHay m1 + 11a = m2 (2)
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e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1
Homicro tan homicron tomicron 232 (g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i braquong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng
(votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc 112 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro 60 (g) muegravei Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc
phcopyn touml cntildea oxitHminusiacuteng dEacuten + Gaumli claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro MxOy
+ Segrave mol SO2 =422
121= 005 (mol)
+ Gaumli hocedil trTHORN cao nhEcirct cntildea M lmicro n
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
MxOy + H2SO4 rarr M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O (1)sectAEligt segrave mol muegravei M2(SO4)n braquong t (mol)
- Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng braquong (nt + 005) mol
- Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol H2SO4
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H2SO4 nt + 005 (mol)
Segrave mol H2
O sinh ra braquong segrave mol H2
SO4
phparan oslashng nt + 005 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho phparan oslashng (1)
Ta catilde 232 + 98 (nt + 005) = 60 + 64 005 + 18 (nt + 005)
hArr nt = 045 (I)
MAEligt khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng muegravei braquong
(2M + 96 n)t = 60
hArr 2Mt + 96 nt = 60 (II)
Thay (I) vmicroo (II) ta regminusicircc
Mt = 84 (III)
Totilde (I) vmicro (III) suy ra M =3
56n (IV)
ChOslash catilde n = 3 M = 56 (Fe) lmicro phiuml hicircp thay n = 3 vmicroo (I) rArr t = 015
rArr segrave mol Fe = 2t = 03 (mol)
Lsup1i catilde Khegravei lminusicircng Fe trong oxit 56 2 t = 56 2 015rArr Khegravei lminusicircng O trong oxit 232 - 168 = 64 (g)
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rArr Segrave mol O =16
46= 04 (mol)
Nordfn OmolSegrave
FemolSegrave
y
x= =
4
3
40
30=
rArr Claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro Fe3O4
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho 281 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 3 oxYacutet Fe2O3 MgO ZnO tan votildea regntilde
trong 300 ml dung dTHORNch H2SO4 01M thtimes khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp ccedilc muegravei khan thu
regminusicircc lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Mg = 24 Zn = 65 O = 16 H = 1 S = 32)
A 381 (g) B 481 (g) C 521 (g) D 480 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Snot regaring phparan oslashng Oxit + Axit rarr Muegravei + Nminusiacutec (1)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H trong H2SO4 braquong segrave mol H trong H2O sinh raNordfn suy ra Segrave mol H2O = segrave mol H2SO4 = 03 01 = 003 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde 281 + 003 98 = a + 003 18 (1)
(Viacutei a lmicro khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan)
Totilde (1) ta catilde a = 521 (g)
rarr
sectcedilp cediln C ThYacute docirc 3
Cho 156 (g) hccediln hicircp 2 ancol (rminusicircu) regnotn choslashc kOtilde tiOtildep nhau trong dmiddoty regaringng
regfrac14ng tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei 92 (g) Na thu regminusicircc 245 (g) chEcirct rfrac34n Hai ancol regatilde lmicro
(cho Na = 23 C = 12 H = 1 O = 16)
A CH3OH vmicro C2H5OH B C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
C C3H5OH vmicro C4H7OH C C3H7OH vmicro C4H9OH
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli claquong thoslashc chung cntildea 2 ancol lmicro OHR
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc 2 OHR + 2Na rarr 2 ONaR + H2 (1)
- Gaumli segrave mol H2 sinh ra lmicro x mol
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng H2 = 2x (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
156 + 92 = 245 + 2x
rArr x = 015 (mol)
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Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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22
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- MEcircu chegravet cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp lmicro xcedilc regTHORNnh regoacuteng megravei liordfn hOuml tOslash lOuml mol gdividea ccedilc
chEcirct regmiddot biOtildet X viacutei chEcirct cCcediln xcedilc regTHORNnh Y Xem xETHt khi chuyOacuten totilde chEcirct X thmicronh chEcirct
Y thtimes khegravei lminusicircng tumlng lordfn hay giparam regi theo tOslash lOuml phparan oslashng vmicro theo bmicroi cho sau ciumlng
lmicro dugravea vmicroo quy tfrac34c tam suEcirct lEumlp phminusnotng trtimesnh tocediln haumlc regOacute giparaid ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
ThYacute docirc 1 Homicro tan 62g hccediln hicircp 2 kim losup1i kiOgravem trong nminusiacutec (lEcircy dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute H2 (regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc bao nhiordfu gam
chEcirct rfrac34n
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
NOtildeu diumlng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp regsup1i segrave thlaquong thminusecircng regAEligt Egraven segrave lEumlp hOuml phminusnotng trtimesnh
thtimes mEcirct nhiOgraveu thecirci gian vmicro kOtildet cocircc khlaquong ttimesm ra regcedilp segrave cho bmicroi tocediln
NOtildeu diumlng phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng vmicro bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde thOacute
giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave meacutet ccedilch regnotn giparan vmicro hiOumlu qupara
mrfrac34n = mhccediln hicircp kim losup1i + OH m minus
Vtimes phparan oslashng xparay ra tsup1o hiregroxit kim losup1i vmicro giparai phatildeng H2 Ta regmiddot biOtildet
H2Orarr
H
+
+ OH
-
2
2242 2 0 2( )
224 H OH H
n n n molminus += = = =
VEumly mrfrac34n=62+02times17 = 96 (g)
ThYacute docirc 2 Catilde 1 lYacutet dung dTHORNch Na2CO3 01M vmicro (NH4)2CO3 025M Cho 43g
hccediln hicircp BaCl2 vmicro CaCl2 vmicroo dung dTHORNch regatilde Sau khi ccedilc phparan oslashng kOtildet thoacutec thu regminusicircc397g kOtildet tntildea A TYacutenh phCcediln trumlm khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trong A
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
23CO
n minus trong 1lYacutet dung dTHORNch Na2CO3 01M vmicro (NH4)2CO3 025M lmicro
01+025=03 (mol)
Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra
Ba2+ + CO32-rarr BaCO3darr
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Ca2+ + CO32-rarr CaCO3darr
Coslash 1 mol BaCl2 hoAEligc CaCl2 chuyOacuten thmicronh BaCO3 hoAEligc CaCO3 khegravei lminusicircng giparam
71- 60 = 11(g)
VEumly taeligng segrave mol cntildea
43-397(BaCO3 + CaCO3) = 03( )
11
mol=
choslashng taacute dminus CO3
2-
Ta catilde ngay hOuml phminusnotng trtimesnh sectAEligt x y lmicro segrave mol cntildea BaCO3 vmicro CaCO3 trong A ta
catilde
03
197 100 39 7
x y
x y
+ =
+ = giparai ra
01( )
02( )
x mol
y mol
=
=
3
3
01 197 100 4962()
397 100 49 62 5038()
BaCO
CaCO
m
m
times= times =
= minus =
ThYacute docirc 3 Homicro tan 10g hccediln hicircp 2 muegravei XCO3 vmicro Y2(CO3)3 braquong dung dTHORNch
HCl dminus ta thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro 0672 lYacutet khYacute bay ra euml regktc Haacutei claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch A thu regminusicircc bao nhiordfu gam muegravei khan
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Khi chuyOacuten totilde muegravei ccedilcbonat thmicronh muegravei Clorua thtimes coslash 1 mol CO2uarr lminusicircng
muegravei tumlng
CO32- chuyOacuten thmicronh 2Cl- rarr1mol CO2uarr
60g chuyOacuten thmicronh 71g khegravei lminusicircng tumlng 11g
Theo gipara thiOtildet
2
06720 03( )
224COn mol= =
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc muegravei Clorua
Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei Clorua = 10 + 003times11 = 1033(g)
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml cntildea meacutet nguyordfn tegrave trminusiacutec phparan oslashng hocedil
haumlc braquong taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml nguyordfn tegrave regatilde sau phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc
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- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml cntildea meacutet nguyordfn tegrave trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm
braquong taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml nguyordfn tegrave regatilde sau thYacute nghiOumlm nghUumla lmicro nguyordfn tegrave hocedil
haumlc regminusicircc bparao tomicron
b Cnot seuml phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc chOslash lmicrom thay regaeligi trEumlt tugrave vmicro ccedilch thoslashc liordfn kOtildet gidividea ccedilcnguyordfn touml mmicro khlaquong lmicrom mEcirct regi nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc regminusicircc
bparao tomicron
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- sectiOacutem mEcircu chegravet cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp lmicro phparai xcedilc regTHORNnh regoacuteng thmicronh phCcediln nguyordfn
tegrave trminusiacutec vmicro sau phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho khYacute CO regi qua 02 mol Fe2O3 natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp
chEcirct rfrac34n A (garingm a mol Fe2O3 b mol Fe3O4 c mol FeO vmicro d mol Fe) vmicro hccediln hicircp
khYacute B (garingm CO vmicro CO2) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol Fe sau phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol Fe trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2a + 3b + c + d = 02 2 = 04
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Cho khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng 8(g) Fe2O3 nung natildeng meacutet thecirci
gian sau thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n X (garingm Fe FeO vmicro Fe3O4) vmicro hccediln hicircp khYacute B
Homicro tan X trong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch Y vmicro khYacute SO2
Lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y lmicro (cho Fe = 56 S = 32 O =
16)
A 16 (g) B 20 (g) C 18 (g) D 24 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei khan thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe2(SO4)3 cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde Segrave mol Fe trong Fe2O3 braquong segrave mol Fe trong Fe2(SO4)3
rArr Segrave mol Fe2(SO4)3 = segrave mol Fe2O3 =160
8 = 005 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng Fe2(SO4)3 = 005 400 = 20 (g)
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rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2
Homicro tan homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp garingm 012mol FeS2 vmicro a mol Cu2S vmicroo dung dTHORNch
HNO3 (votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch X (chOslash choslasha hai muegravei sunfat) vmicro khYacute duy nhEcirct
NO Gicedil trTHORN cntildea a lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Cu = 64 S = 32) A 0075 B 012 C 006 D 004
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh phparai viOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea sparan phEgravem hiOacuteu
regminusicircc bparan chEcirct cntildea phparan oslashng lmicro phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml Ccedilc nguyordfn tegrave Fe Cu S sIuml
bTHORN HNO3 oxi hocedil lordfn segrave oxi hocedil cao nhEcirct VEumly claquong thoslashc cntildea hai muegravei sunfat lmicro
Fe2(SO4)3 vmicro CuSO4
Ta catilde snot regaring hicircp thoslashc 2FeS2 rarr Fe2(SO4)3
012 (mol) 006 (mol)
Cu2S rarr 2CuS
a (mol) 2a (mol)
+ Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng 012 2 + a = (024 + a) mol
+ Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng 006 3 + 2a = (018 + 2a) mol
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
024 + a = 018 + 2a hArr a = 006 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
ThYacute docirc 3
Este E catilde 3 nguyordfn tegrave C H O LEcircy 122 (g) E phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei 200 ml
dung dTHORNch KOH 01M Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc phCcediln bay hnoti chOslash
catilde nminusiacutec vmicro phCcediln rfrac34n lmicro 216 (g) hccediln hicircp muegravei sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp muegravei
nmicroy thu regminusicircc 264 (g) CO2 054 (g) H2O vmicro a (g) K2CO3 TYacutenh a(cho C = 12 H = 1 O = 16 K = 39)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol KOH = 01 02 = 002 (mol)
+ Gaumli segrave mol K2CO3 = x (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol K sau phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol K trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2x = 002 hArr x = 001
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Do regatilde a = 001 138 = 138 (g)
ThYacute docirc 4 Trong btimesnh kYacuten catilde choslasha 002 mol C2H2 vmicro 003 mol H2 viacutei meacutet Yacutet beacutet
Ni Nung natildeng btimesnh meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp X garingm C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 vmicro
H2 Segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily homicron tomicron X lmicro
A 0075 mol B 0065 mol C 0055 mol D 0045 molHminusiacuteng dEacuten Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hmicrom lminusicircng cntildea C vmicro H trong
X vmicro trong hccediln hicircp regCcedilu lmicro nhminus nhau Mmicro sparan phEgravem chcedily regOgraveu lmicro CO 2 vmicro H2O Vtimes
vEumly segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily hOtildet hccediln hicircp X braquong regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban
regCcedilu
Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban regCcedilu
2C2H
2 + 5O
2 rarr
ot 4CO2 + 2H
2O (1)
002 (mol) 005 (mol)
2H2 + O2 rarr ot 2H2O (2)
003 (mol) 0015 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Segrave mol O2 = 005 + 0015 = 0065 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 5 sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A (garingm FeS2 vmicro Ag2S viacutei segrave mol braquong
nhau) thu regminusicircc 336 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B vmicroo cegravec regugraveng dungdTHORNch axit HCl (dminus) Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan trong axit HCl lmicro
(cho Fe = 56 Ag = 108 S = 32)
A 1435 (g) B 7175 (g) C 108 (g) D 54 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Lminusu yacute rraquong Ag2O khlaquong bOgraven nordfn chEcirct rfrac34n B garingm Fe2O3 vmicro Ag Vtimes
vEumly khi cho B tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl thtimes chOslash catilde Fe2O3 lmicro tan Ag khlaquong tan
Ta cCcediln tYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Ag Gaumli segrave mol cntildea FeS2 vmicro Ag2S regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng chcedily lmicro 2x + x = 3x (mol)
Segrave mol SO2 braquong422
363= 015 (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng chcedily braquong 015 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
3x = 015 hArr x = 005 (mol)
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Do segrave mol Ag2S = 005 (mol) rArr Segrave mol Ag = 005 2 = 01 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan lmicro 01 108 = 108 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp- Neacutei dung Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc chEcirct tham gia phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc braquong taeligng
khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sparan phEgravem
- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm braquong taeligng khegravei
lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sau thYacute nghiOumlm
b Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes catilde sugrave bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn dEacuten regOtilden sugrave bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc
chEcirct trong meacutet phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc cograveng nhminus trong meacutet thYacute nghiOumlm
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- CCcediln ttimesm ra megravei tminusnotng quan gidividea ccedilc hOuml segrave tOslash lminusicircng trong phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil
haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho m1 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 2 muegravei cacbonat X2CO3 vmicro YCO3 tcedilc docircng viacutei
dung dTHORNch HCl dminus sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro a mol CO 2 Claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc m2 (g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea m1 m2 vmicro a
(cho H = 1 Cl = 355 O = 16 C = 12 )
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc
X2CO3 + 2HCl rarr 2XCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
YCO3 + 2HCl rarr YCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2)
Theo (1) vmicro (2)
+ Segrave mol H2O sinh ra braquong a (mol)
+ Segrave mol HCl phparan oslashng braquong 2a (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m1 + 365 2a = m2 + 44a + 18aHay m1 + 11a = m2 (2)
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e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1
Homicro tan homicron tomicron 232 (g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i braquong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng
(votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc 112 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro 60 (g) muegravei Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc
phcopyn touml cntildea oxitHminusiacuteng dEacuten + Gaumli claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro MxOy
+ Segrave mol SO2 =422
121= 005 (mol)
+ Gaumli hocedil trTHORN cao nhEcirct cntildea M lmicro n
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
MxOy + H2SO4 rarr M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O (1)sectAEligt segrave mol muegravei M2(SO4)n braquong t (mol)
- Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng braquong (nt + 005) mol
- Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol H2SO4
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H2SO4 nt + 005 (mol)
Segrave mol H2
O sinh ra braquong segrave mol H2
SO4
phparan oslashng nt + 005 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho phparan oslashng (1)
Ta catilde 232 + 98 (nt + 005) = 60 + 64 005 + 18 (nt + 005)
hArr nt = 045 (I)
MAEligt khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng muegravei braquong
(2M + 96 n)t = 60
hArr 2Mt + 96 nt = 60 (II)
Thay (I) vmicroo (II) ta regminusicircc
Mt = 84 (III)
Totilde (I) vmicro (III) suy ra M =3
56n (IV)
ChOslash catilde n = 3 M = 56 (Fe) lmicro phiuml hicircp thay n = 3 vmicroo (I) rArr t = 015
rArr segrave mol Fe = 2t = 03 (mol)
Lsup1i catilde Khegravei lminusicircng Fe trong oxit 56 2 t = 56 2 015rArr Khegravei lminusicircng O trong oxit 232 - 168 = 64 (g)
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rArr Segrave mol O =16
46= 04 (mol)
Nordfn OmolSegrave
FemolSegrave
y
x= =
4
3
40
30=
rArr Claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro Fe3O4
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho 281 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 3 oxYacutet Fe2O3 MgO ZnO tan votildea regntilde
trong 300 ml dung dTHORNch H2SO4 01M thtimes khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp ccedilc muegravei khan thu
regminusicircc lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Mg = 24 Zn = 65 O = 16 H = 1 S = 32)
A 381 (g) B 481 (g) C 521 (g) D 480 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Snot regaring phparan oslashng Oxit + Axit rarr Muegravei + Nminusiacutec (1)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H trong H2SO4 braquong segrave mol H trong H2O sinh raNordfn suy ra Segrave mol H2O = segrave mol H2SO4 = 03 01 = 003 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde 281 + 003 98 = a + 003 18 (1)
(Viacutei a lmicro khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan)
Totilde (1) ta catilde a = 521 (g)
rarr
sectcedilp cediln C ThYacute docirc 3
Cho 156 (g) hccediln hicircp 2 ancol (rminusicircu) regnotn choslashc kOtilde tiOtildep nhau trong dmiddoty regaringng
regfrac14ng tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei 92 (g) Na thu regminusicircc 245 (g) chEcirct rfrac34n Hai ancol regatilde lmicro
(cho Na = 23 C = 12 H = 1 O = 16)
A CH3OH vmicro C2H5OH B C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
C C3H5OH vmicro C4H7OH C C3H7OH vmicro C4H9OH
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli claquong thoslashc chung cntildea 2 ancol lmicro OHR
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc 2 OHR + 2Na rarr 2 ONaR + H2 (1)
- Gaumli segrave mol H2 sinh ra lmicro x mol
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng H2 = 2x (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
156 + 92 = 245 + 2x
rArr x = 015 (mol)
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Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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Ca2+ + CO32-rarr CaCO3darr
Coslash 1 mol BaCl2 hoAEligc CaCl2 chuyOacuten thmicronh BaCO3 hoAEligc CaCO3 khegravei lminusicircng giparam
71- 60 = 11(g)
VEumly taeligng segrave mol cntildea
43-397(BaCO3 + CaCO3) = 03( )
11
mol=
choslashng taacute dminus CO3
2-
Ta catilde ngay hOuml phminusnotng trtimesnh sectAEligt x y lmicro segrave mol cntildea BaCO3 vmicro CaCO3 trong A ta
catilde
03
197 100 39 7
x y
x y
+ =
+ = giparai ra
01( )
02( )
x mol
y mol
=
=
3
3
01 197 100 4962()
397 100 49 62 5038()
BaCO
CaCO
m
m
times= times =
= minus =
ThYacute docirc 3 Homicro tan 10g hccediln hicircp 2 muegravei XCO3 vmicro Y2(CO3)3 braquong dung dTHORNch
HCl dminus ta thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro 0672 lYacutet khYacute bay ra euml regktc Haacutei claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch A thu regminusicircc bao nhiordfu gam muegravei khan
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Khi chuyOacuten totilde muegravei ccedilcbonat thmicronh muegravei Clorua thtimes coslash 1 mol CO2uarr lminusicircng
muegravei tumlng
CO32- chuyOacuten thmicronh 2Cl- rarr1mol CO2uarr
60g chuyOacuten thmicronh 71g khegravei lminusicircng tumlng 11g
Theo gipara thiOtildet
2
06720 03( )
224COn mol= =
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc muegravei Clorua
Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei Clorua = 10 + 003times11 = 1033(g)
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml cntildea meacutet nguyordfn tegrave trminusiacutec phparan oslashng hocedil
haumlc braquong taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml nguyordfn tegrave regatilde sau phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
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- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml cntildea meacutet nguyordfn tegrave trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm
braquong taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml nguyordfn tegrave regatilde sau thYacute nghiOumlm nghUumla lmicro nguyordfn tegrave hocedil
haumlc regminusicircc bparao tomicron
b Cnot seuml phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc chOslash lmicrom thay regaeligi trEumlt tugrave vmicro ccedilch thoslashc liordfn kOtildet gidividea ccedilcnguyordfn touml mmicro khlaquong lmicrom mEcirct regi nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc regminusicircc
bparao tomicron
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- sectiOacutem mEcircu chegravet cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp lmicro phparai xcedilc regTHORNnh regoacuteng thmicronh phCcediln nguyordfn
tegrave trminusiacutec vmicro sau phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho khYacute CO regi qua 02 mol Fe2O3 natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp
chEcirct rfrac34n A (garingm a mol Fe2O3 b mol Fe3O4 c mol FeO vmicro d mol Fe) vmicro hccediln hicircp
khYacute B (garingm CO vmicro CO2) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol Fe sau phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol Fe trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2a + 3b + c + d = 02 2 = 04
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Cho khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng 8(g) Fe2O3 nung natildeng meacutet thecirci
gian sau thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n X (garingm Fe FeO vmicro Fe3O4) vmicro hccediln hicircp khYacute B
Homicro tan X trong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch Y vmicro khYacute SO2
Lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y lmicro (cho Fe = 56 S = 32 O =
16)
A 16 (g) B 20 (g) C 18 (g) D 24 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei khan thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe2(SO4)3 cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde Segrave mol Fe trong Fe2O3 braquong segrave mol Fe trong Fe2(SO4)3
rArr Segrave mol Fe2(SO4)3 = segrave mol Fe2O3 =160
8 = 005 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng Fe2(SO4)3 = 005 400 = 20 (g)
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rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2
Homicro tan homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp garingm 012mol FeS2 vmicro a mol Cu2S vmicroo dung dTHORNch
HNO3 (votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch X (chOslash choslasha hai muegravei sunfat) vmicro khYacute duy nhEcirct
NO Gicedil trTHORN cntildea a lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Cu = 64 S = 32) A 0075 B 012 C 006 D 004
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh phparai viOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea sparan phEgravem hiOacuteu
regminusicircc bparan chEcirct cntildea phparan oslashng lmicro phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml Ccedilc nguyordfn tegrave Fe Cu S sIuml
bTHORN HNO3 oxi hocedil lordfn segrave oxi hocedil cao nhEcirct VEumly claquong thoslashc cntildea hai muegravei sunfat lmicro
Fe2(SO4)3 vmicro CuSO4
Ta catilde snot regaring hicircp thoslashc 2FeS2 rarr Fe2(SO4)3
012 (mol) 006 (mol)
Cu2S rarr 2CuS
a (mol) 2a (mol)
+ Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng 012 2 + a = (024 + a) mol
+ Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng 006 3 + 2a = (018 + 2a) mol
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
024 + a = 018 + 2a hArr a = 006 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
ThYacute docirc 3
Este E catilde 3 nguyordfn tegrave C H O LEcircy 122 (g) E phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei 200 ml
dung dTHORNch KOH 01M Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc phCcediln bay hnoti chOslash
catilde nminusiacutec vmicro phCcediln rfrac34n lmicro 216 (g) hccediln hicircp muegravei sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp muegravei
nmicroy thu regminusicircc 264 (g) CO2 054 (g) H2O vmicro a (g) K2CO3 TYacutenh a(cho C = 12 H = 1 O = 16 K = 39)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol KOH = 01 02 = 002 (mol)
+ Gaumli segrave mol K2CO3 = x (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol K sau phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol K trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2x = 002 hArr x = 001
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Do regatilde a = 001 138 = 138 (g)
ThYacute docirc 4 Trong btimesnh kYacuten catilde choslasha 002 mol C2H2 vmicro 003 mol H2 viacutei meacutet Yacutet beacutet
Ni Nung natildeng btimesnh meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp X garingm C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 vmicro
H2 Segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily homicron tomicron X lmicro
A 0075 mol B 0065 mol C 0055 mol D 0045 molHminusiacuteng dEacuten Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hmicrom lminusicircng cntildea C vmicro H trong
X vmicro trong hccediln hicircp regCcedilu lmicro nhminus nhau Mmicro sparan phEgravem chcedily regOgraveu lmicro CO 2 vmicro H2O Vtimes
vEumly segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily hOtildet hccediln hicircp X braquong regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban
regCcedilu
Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban regCcedilu
2C2H
2 + 5O
2 rarr
ot 4CO2 + 2H
2O (1)
002 (mol) 005 (mol)
2H2 + O2 rarr ot 2H2O (2)
003 (mol) 0015 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Segrave mol O2 = 005 + 0015 = 0065 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 5 sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A (garingm FeS2 vmicro Ag2S viacutei segrave mol braquong
nhau) thu regminusicircc 336 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B vmicroo cegravec regugraveng dungdTHORNch axit HCl (dminus) Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan trong axit HCl lmicro
(cho Fe = 56 Ag = 108 S = 32)
A 1435 (g) B 7175 (g) C 108 (g) D 54 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Lminusu yacute rraquong Ag2O khlaquong bOgraven nordfn chEcirct rfrac34n B garingm Fe2O3 vmicro Ag Vtimes
vEumly khi cho B tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl thtimes chOslash catilde Fe2O3 lmicro tan Ag khlaquong tan
Ta cCcediln tYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Ag Gaumli segrave mol cntildea FeS2 vmicro Ag2S regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng chcedily lmicro 2x + x = 3x (mol)
Segrave mol SO2 braquong422
363= 015 (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng chcedily braquong 015 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
3x = 015 hArr x = 005 (mol)
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Do segrave mol Ag2S = 005 (mol) rArr Segrave mol Ag = 005 2 = 01 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan lmicro 01 108 = 108 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp- Neacutei dung Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc chEcirct tham gia phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc braquong taeligng
khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sparan phEgravem
- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm braquong taeligng khegravei
lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sau thYacute nghiOumlm
b Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes catilde sugrave bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn dEacuten regOtilden sugrave bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc
chEcirct trong meacutet phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc cograveng nhminus trong meacutet thYacute nghiOumlm
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- CCcediln ttimesm ra megravei tminusnotng quan gidividea ccedilc hOuml segrave tOslash lminusicircng trong phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil
haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho m1 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 2 muegravei cacbonat X2CO3 vmicro YCO3 tcedilc docircng viacutei
dung dTHORNch HCl dminus sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro a mol CO 2 Claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc m2 (g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea m1 m2 vmicro a
(cho H = 1 Cl = 355 O = 16 C = 12 )
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc
X2CO3 + 2HCl rarr 2XCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
YCO3 + 2HCl rarr YCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2)
Theo (1) vmicro (2)
+ Segrave mol H2O sinh ra braquong a (mol)
+ Segrave mol HCl phparan oslashng braquong 2a (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m1 + 365 2a = m2 + 44a + 18aHay m1 + 11a = m2 (2)
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e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1
Homicro tan homicron tomicron 232 (g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i braquong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng
(votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc 112 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro 60 (g) muegravei Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc
phcopyn touml cntildea oxitHminusiacuteng dEacuten + Gaumli claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro MxOy
+ Segrave mol SO2 =422
121= 005 (mol)
+ Gaumli hocedil trTHORN cao nhEcirct cntildea M lmicro n
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
MxOy + H2SO4 rarr M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O (1)sectAEligt segrave mol muegravei M2(SO4)n braquong t (mol)
- Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng braquong (nt + 005) mol
- Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol H2SO4
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H2SO4 nt + 005 (mol)
Segrave mol H2
O sinh ra braquong segrave mol H2
SO4
phparan oslashng nt + 005 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho phparan oslashng (1)
Ta catilde 232 + 98 (nt + 005) = 60 + 64 005 + 18 (nt + 005)
hArr nt = 045 (I)
MAEligt khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng muegravei braquong
(2M + 96 n)t = 60
hArr 2Mt + 96 nt = 60 (II)
Thay (I) vmicroo (II) ta regminusicircc
Mt = 84 (III)
Totilde (I) vmicro (III) suy ra M =3
56n (IV)
ChOslash catilde n = 3 M = 56 (Fe) lmicro phiuml hicircp thay n = 3 vmicroo (I) rArr t = 015
rArr segrave mol Fe = 2t = 03 (mol)
Lsup1i catilde Khegravei lminusicircng Fe trong oxit 56 2 t = 56 2 015rArr Khegravei lminusicircng O trong oxit 232 - 168 = 64 (g)
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rArr Segrave mol O =16
46= 04 (mol)
Nordfn OmolSegrave
FemolSegrave
y
x= =
4
3
40
30=
rArr Claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro Fe3O4
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho 281 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 3 oxYacutet Fe2O3 MgO ZnO tan votildea regntilde
trong 300 ml dung dTHORNch H2SO4 01M thtimes khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp ccedilc muegravei khan thu
regminusicircc lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Mg = 24 Zn = 65 O = 16 H = 1 S = 32)
A 381 (g) B 481 (g) C 521 (g) D 480 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Snot regaring phparan oslashng Oxit + Axit rarr Muegravei + Nminusiacutec (1)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H trong H2SO4 braquong segrave mol H trong H2O sinh raNordfn suy ra Segrave mol H2O = segrave mol H2SO4 = 03 01 = 003 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde 281 + 003 98 = a + 003 18 (1)
(Viacutei a lmicro khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan)
Totilde (1) ta catilde a = 521 (g)
rarr
sectcedilp cediln C ThYacute docirc 3
Cho 156 (g) hccediln hicircp 2 ancol (rminusicircu) regnotn choslashc kOtilde tiOtildep nhau trong dmiddoty regaringng
regfrac14ng tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei 92 (g) Na thu regminusicircc 245 (g) chEcirct rfrac34n Hai ancol regatilde lmicro
(cho Na = 23 C = 12 H = 1 O = 16)
A CH3OH vmicro C2H5OH B C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
C C3H5OH vmicro C4H7OH C C3H7OH vmicro C4H9OH
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli claquong thoslashc chung cntildea 2 ancol lmicro OHR
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc 2 OHR + 2Na rarr 2 ONaR + H2 (1)
- Gaumli segrave mol H2 sinh ra lmicro x mol
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng H2 = 2x (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
156 + 92 = 245 + 2x
rArr x = 015 (mol)
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Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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13
(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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22
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml cntildea meacutet nguyordfn tegrave trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm
braquong taeligng segrave mol nguyordfn touml nguyordfn tegrave regatilde sau thYacute nghiOumlm nghUumla lmicro nguyordfn tegrave hocedil
haumlc regminusicircc bparao tomicron
b Cnot seuml phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc chOslash lmicrom thay regaeligi trEumlt tugrave vmicro ccedilch thoslashc liordfn kOtildet gidividea ccedilcnguyordfn touml mmicro khlaquong lmicrom mEcirct regi nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc regminusicircc
bparao tomicron
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- sectiOacutem mEcircu chegravet cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp lmicro phparai xcedilc regTHORNnh regoacuteng thmicronh phCcediln nguyordfn
tegrave trminusiacutec vmicro sau phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho khYacute CO regi qua 02 mol Fe2O3 natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp
chEcirct rfrac34n A (garingm a mol Fe2O3 b mol Fe3O4 c mol FeO vmicro d mol Fe) vmicro hccediln hicircp
khYacute B (garingm CO vmicro CO2) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol Fe sau phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol Fe trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2a + 3b + c + d = 02 2 = 04
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Cho khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng 8(g) Fe2O3 nung natildeng meacutet thecirci
gian sau thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n X (garingm Fe FeO vmicro Fe3O4) vmicro hccediln hicircp khYacute B
Homicro tan X trong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch Y vmicro khYacute SO2
Lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y lmicro (cho Fe = 56 S = 32 O =
16)
A 16 (g) B 20 (g) C 18 (g) D 24 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei khan thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe2(SO4)3 cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde Segrave mol Fe trong Fe2O3 braquong segrave mol Fe trong Fe2(SO4)3
rArr Segrave mol Fe2(SO4)3 = segrave mol Fe2O3 =160
8 = 005 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng Fe2(SO4)3 = 005 400 = 20 (g)
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rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2
Homicro tan homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp garingm 012mol FeS2 vmicro a mol Cu2S vmicroo dung dTHORNch
HNO3 (votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch X (chOslash choslasha hai muegravei sunfat) vmicro khYacute duy nhEcirct
NO Gicedil trTHORN cntildea a lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Cu = 64 S = 32) A 0075 B 012 C 006 D 004
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh phparai viOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea sparan phEgravem hiOacuteu
regminusicircc bparan chEcirct cntildea phparan oslashng lmicro phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml Ccedilc nguyordfn tegrave Fe Cu S sIuml
bTHORN HNO3 oxi hocedil lordfn segrave oxi hocedil cao nhEcirct VEumly claquong thoslashc cntildea hai muegravei sunfat lmicro
Fe2(SO4)3 vmicro CuSO4
Ta catilde snot regaring hicircp thoslashc 2FeS2 rarr Fe2(SO4)3
012 (mol) 006 (mol)
Cu2S rarr 2CuS
a (mol) 2a (mol)
+ Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng 012 2 + a = (024 + a) mol
+ Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng 006 3 + 2a = (018 + 2a) mol
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
024 + a = 018 + 2a hArr a = 006 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
ThYacute docirc 3
Este E catilde 3 nguyordfn tegrave C H O LEcircy 122 (g) E phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei 200 ml
dung dTHORNch KOH 01M Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc phCcediln bay hnoti chOslash
catilde nminusiacutec vmicro phCcediln rfrac34n lmicro 216 (g) hccediln hicircp muegravei sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp muegravei
nmicroy thu regminusicircc 264 (g) CO2 054 (g) H2O vmicro a (g) K2CO3 TYacutenh a(cho C = 12 H = 1 O = 16 K = 39)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol KOH = 01 02 = 002 (mol)
+ Gaumli segrave mol K2CO3 = x (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol K sau phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol K trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2x = 002 hArr x = 001
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Do regatilde a = 001 138 = 138 (g)
ThYacute docirc 4 Trong btimesnh kYacuten catilde choslasha 002 mol C2H2 vmicro 003 mol H2 viacutei meacutet Yacutet beacutet
Ni Nung natildeng btimesnh meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp X garingm C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 vmicro
H2 Segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily homicron tomicron X lmicro
A 0075 mol B 0065 mol C 0055 mol D 0045 molHminusiacuteng dEacuten Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hmicrom lminusicircng cntildea C vmicro H trong
X vmicro trong hccediln hicircp regCcedilu lmicro nhminus nhau Mmicro sparan phEgravem chcedily regOgraveu lmicro CO 2 vmicro H2O Vtimes
vEumly segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily hOtildet hccediln hicircp X braquong regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban
regCcedilu
Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban regCcedilu
2C2H
2 + 5O
2 rarr
ot 4CO2 + 2H
2O (1)
002 (mol) 005 (mol)
2H2 + O2 rarr ot 2H2O (2)
003 (mol) 0015 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Segrave mol O2 = 005 + 0015 = 0065 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 5 sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A (garingm FeS2 vmicro Ag2S viacutei segrave mol braquong
nhau) thu regminusicircc 336 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B vmicroo cegravec regugraveng dungdTHORNch axit HCl (dminus) Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan trong axit HCl lmicro
(cho Fe = 56 Ag = 108 S = 32)
A 1435 (g) B 7175 (g) C 108 (g) D 54 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Lminusu yacute rraquong Ag2O khlaquong bOgraven nordfn chEcirct rfrac34n B garingm Fe2O3 vmicro Ag Vtimes
vEumly khi cho B tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl thtimes chOslash catilde Fe2O3 lmicro tan Ag khlaquong tan
Ta cCcediln tYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Ag Gaumli segrave mol cntildea FeS2 vmicro Ag2S regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng chcedily lmicro 2x + x = 3x (mol)
Segrave mol SO2 braquong422
363= 015 (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng chcedily braquong 015 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
3x = 015 hArr x = 005 (mol)
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Do segrave mol Ag2S = 005 (mol) rArr Segrave mol Ag = 005 2 = 01 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan lmicro 01 108 = 108 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp- Neacutei dung Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc chEcirct tham gia phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc braquong taeligng
khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sparan phEgravem
- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm braquong taeligng khegravei
lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sau thYacute nghiOumlm
b Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes catilde sugrave bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn dEacuten regOtilden sugrave bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc
chEcirct trong meacutet phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc cograveng nhminus trong meacutet thYacute nghiOumlm
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- CCcediln ttimesm ra megravei tminusnotng quan gidividea ccedilc hOuml segrave tOslash lminusicircng trong phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil
haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho m1 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 2 muegravei cacbonat X2CO3 vmicro YCO3 tcedilc docircng viacutei
dung dTHORNch HCl dminus sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro a mol CO 2 Claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc m2 (g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea m1 m2 vmicro a
(cho H = 1 Cl = 355 O = 16 C = 12 )
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc
X2CO3 + 2HCl rarr 2XCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
YCO3 + 2HCl rarr YCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2)
Theo (1) vmicro (2)
+ Segrave mol H2O sinh ra braquong a (mol)
+ Segrave mol HCl phparan oslashng braquong 2a (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m1 + 365 2a = m2 + 44a + 18aHay m1 + 11a = m2 (2)
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e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1
Homicro tan homicron tomicron 232 (g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i braquong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng
(votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc 112 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro 60 (g) muegravei Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc
phcopyn touml cntildea oxitHminusiacuteng dEacuten + Gaumli claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro MxOy
+ Segrave mol SO2 =422
121= 005 (mol)
+ Gaumli hocedil trTHORN cao nhEcirct cntildea M lmicro n
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
MxOy + H2SO4 rarr M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O (1)sectAEligt segrave mol muegravei M2(SO4)n braquong t (mol)
- Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng braquong (nt + 005) mol
- Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol H2SO4
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H2SO4 nt + 005 (mol)
Segrave mol H2
O sinh ra braquong segrave mol H2
SO4
phparan oslashng nt + 005 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho phparan oslashng (1)
Ta catilde 232 + 98 (nt + 005) = 60 + 64 005 + 18 (nt + 005)
hArr nt = 045 (I)
MAEligt khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng muegravei braquong
(2M + 96 n)t = 60
hArr 2Mt + 96 nt = 60 (II)
Thay (I) vmicroo (II) ta regminusicircc
Mt = 84 (III)
Totilde (I) vmicro (III) suy ra M =3
56n (IV)
ChOslash catilde n = 3 M = 56 (Fe) lmicro phiuml hicircp thay n = 3 vmicroo (I) rArr t = 015
rArr segrave mol Fe = 2t = 03 (mol)
Lsup1i catilde Khegravei lminusicircng Fe trong oxit 56 2 t = 56 2 015rArr Khegravei lminusicircng O trong oxit 232 - 168 = 64 (g)
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rArr Segrave mol O =16
46= 04 (mol)
Nordfn OmolSegrave
FemolSegrave
y
x= =
4
3
40
30=
rArr Claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro Fe3O4
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho 281 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 3 oxYacutet Fe2O3 MgO ZnO tan votildea regntilde
trong 300 ml dung dTHORNch H2SO4 01M thtimes khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp ccedilc muegravei khan thu
regminusicircc lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Mg = 24 Zn = 65 O = 16 H = 1 S = 32)
A 381 (g) B 481 (g) C 521 (g) D 480 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Snot regaring phparan oslashng Oxit + Axit rarr Muegravei + Nminusiacutec (1)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H trong H2SO4 braquong segrave mol H trong H2O sinh raNordfn suy ra Segrave mol H2O = segrave mol H2SO4 = 03 01 = 003 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde 281 + 003 98 = a + 003 18 (1)
(Viacutei a lmicro khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan)
Totilde (1) ta catilde a = 521 (g)
rarr
sectcedilp cediln C ThYacute docirc 3
Cho 156 (g) hccediln hicircp 2 ancol (rminusicircu) regnotn choslashc kOtilde tiOtildep nhau trong dmiddoty regaringng
regfrac14ng tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei 92 (g) Na thu regminusicircc 245 (g) chEcirct rfrac34n Hai ancol regatilde lmicro
(cho Na = 23 C = 12 H = 1 O = 16)
A CH3OH vmicro C2H5OH B C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
C C3H5OH vmicro C4H7OH C C3H7OH vmicro C4H9OH
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli claquong thoslashc chung cntildea 2 ancol lmicro OHR
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc 2 OHR + 2Na rarr 2 ONaR + H2 (1)
- Gaumli segrave mol H2 sinh ra lmicro x mol
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng H2 = 2x (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
156 + 92 = 245 + 2x
rArr x = 015 (mol)
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Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2
Homicro tan homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp garingm 012mol FeS2 vmicro a mol Cu2S vmicroo dung dTHORNch
HNO3 (votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch X (chOslash choslasha hai muegravei sunfat) vmicro khYacute duy nhEcirct
NO Gicedil trTHORN cntildea a lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Cu = 64 S = 32) A 0075 B 012 C 006 D 004
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh phparai viOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea sparan phEgravem hiOacuteu
regminusicircc bparan chEcirct cntildea phparan oslashng lmicro phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml Ccedilc nguyordfn tegrave Fe Cu S sIuml
bTHORN HNO3 oxi hocedil lordfn segrave oxi hocedil cao nhEcirct VEumly claquong thoslashc cntildea hai muegravei sunfat lmicro
Fe2(SO4)3 vmicro CuSO4
Ta catilde snot regaring hicircp thoslashc 2FeS2 rarr Fe2(SO4)3
012 (mol) 006 (mol)
Cu2S rarr 2CuS
a (mol) 2a (mol)
+ Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng 012 2 + a = (024 + a) mol
+ Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng 006 3 + 2a = (018 + 2a) mol
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
024 + a = 018 + 2a hArr a = 006 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
ThYacute docirc 3
Este E catilde 3 nguyordfn tegrave C H O LEcircy 122 (g) E phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei 200 ml
dung dTHORNch KOH 01M Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc phCcediln bay hnoti chOslash
catilde nminusiacutec vmicro phCcediln rfrac34n lmicro 216 (g) hccediln hicircp muegravei sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp muegravei
nmicroy thu regminusicircc 264 (g) CO2 054 (g) H2O vmicro a (g) K2CO3 TYacutenh a(cho C = 12 H = 1 O = 16 K = 39)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol KOH = 01 02 = 002 (mol)
+ Gaumli segrave mol K2CO3 = x (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol K sau phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol K trminusiacutec phparan oslashng
hay 2x = 002 hArr x = 001
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GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
7
Do regatilde a = 001 138 = 138 (g)
ThYacute docirc 4 Trong btimesnh kYacuten catilde choslasha 002 mol C2H2 vmicro 003 mol H2 viacutei meacutet Yacutet beacutet
Ni Nung natildeng btimesnh meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp X garingm C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 vmicro
H2 Segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily homicron tomicron X lmicro
A 0075 mol B 0065 mol C 0055 mol D 0045 molHminusiacuteng dEacuten Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hmicrom lminusicircng cntildea C vmicro H trong
X vmicro trong hccediln hicircp regCcedilu lmicro nhminus nhau Mmicro sparan phEgravem chcedily regOgraveu lmicro CO 2 vmicro H2O Vtimes
vEumly segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily hOtildet hccediln hicircp X braquong regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban
regCcedilu
Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban regCcedilu
2C2H
2 + 5O
2 rarr
ot 4CO2 + 2H
2O (1)
002 (mol) 005 (mol)
2H2 + O2 rarr ot 2H2O (2)
003 (mol) 0015 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Segrave mol O2 = 005 + 0015 = 0065 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 5 sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A (garingm FeS2 vmicro Ag2S viacutei segrave mol braquong
nhau) thu regminusicircc 336 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B vmicroo cegravec regugraveng dungdTHORNch axit HCl (dminus) Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan trong axit HCl lmicro
(cho Fe = 56 Ag = 108 S = 32)
A 1435 (g) B 7175 (g) C 108 (g) D 54 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Lminusu yacute rraquong Ag2O khlaquong bOgraven nordfn chEcirct rfrac34n B garingm Fe2O3 vmicro Ag Vtimes
vEumly khi cho B tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl thtimes chOslash catilde Fe2O3 lmicro tan Ag khlaquong tan
Ta cCcediln tYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Ag Gaumli segrave mol cntildea FeS2 vmicro Ag2S regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng chcedily lmicro 2x + x = 3x (mol)
Segrave mol SO2 braquong422
363= 015 (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng chcedily braquong 015 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
3x = 015 hArr x = 005 (mol)
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8
Do segrave mol Ag2S = 005 (mol) rArr Segrave mol Ag = 005 2 = 01 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan lmicro 01 108 = 108 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp- Neacutei dung Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc chEcirct tham gia phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc braquong taeligng
khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sparan phEgravem
- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm braquong taeligng khegravei
lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sau thYacute nghiOumlm
b Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes catilde sugrave bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn dEacuten regOtilden sugrave bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc
chEcirct trong meacutet phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc cograveng nhminus trong meacutet thYacute nghiOumlm
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- CCcediln ttimesm ra megravei tminusnotng quan gidividea ccedilc hOuml segrave tOslash lminusicircng trong phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil
haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho m1 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 2 muegravei cacbonat X2CO3 vmicro YCO3 tcedilc docircng viacutei
dung dTHORNch HCl dminus sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro a mol CO 2 Claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc m2 (g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea m1 m2 vmicro a
(cho H = 1 Cl = 355 O = 16 C = 12 )
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc
X2CO3 + 2HCl rarr 2XCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
YCO3 + 2HCl rarr YCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2)
Theo (1) vmicro (2)
+ Segrave mol H2O sinh ra braquong a (mol)
+ Segrave mol HCl phparan oslashng braquong 2a (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m1 + 365 2a = m2 + 44a + 18aHay m1 + 11a = m2 (2)
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e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1
Homicro tan homicron tomicron 232 (g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i braquong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng
(votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc 112 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro 60 (g) muegravei Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc
phcopyn touml cntildea oxitHminusiacuteng dEacuten + Gaumli claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro MxOy
+ Segrave mol SO2 =422
121= 005 (mol)
+ Gaumli hocedil trTHORN cao nhEcirct cntildea M lmicro n
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
MxOy + H2SO4 rarr M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O (1)sectAEligt segrave mol muegravei M2(SO4)n braquong t (mol)
- Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng braquong (nt + 005) mol
- Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol H2SO4
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H2SO4 nt + 005 (mol)
Segrave mol H2
O sinh ra braquong segrave mol H2
SO4
phparan oslashng nt + 005 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho phparan oslashng (1)
Ta catilde 232 + 98 (nt + 005) = 60 + 64 005 + 18 (nt + 005)
hArr nt = 045 (I)
MAEligt khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng muegravei braquong
(2M + 96 n)t = 60
hArr 2Mt + 96 nt = 60 (II)
Thay (I) vmicroo (II) ta regminusicircc
Mt = 84 (III)
Totilde (I) vmicro (III) suy ra M =3
56n (IV)
ChOslash catilde n = 3 M = 56 (Fe) lmicro phiuml hicircp thay n = 3 vmicroo (I) rArr t = 015
rArr segrave mol Fe = 2t = 03 (mol)
Lsup1i catilde Khegravei lminusicircng Fe trong oxit 56 2 t = 56 2 015rArr Khegravei lminusicircng O trong oxit 232 - 168 = 64 (g)
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rArr Segrave mol O =16
46= 04 (mol)
Nordfn OmolSegrave
FemolSegrave
y
x= =
4
3
40
30=
rArr Claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro Fe3O4
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho 281 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 3 oxYacutet Fe2O3 MgO ZnO tan votildea regntilde
trong 300 ml dung dTHORNch H2SO4 01M thtimes khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp ccedilc muegravei khan thu
regminusicircc lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Mg = 24 Zn = 65 O = 16 H = 1 S = 32)
A 381 (g) B 481 (g) C 521 (g) D 480 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Snot regaring phparan oslashng Oxit + Axit rarr Muegravei + Nminusiacutec (1)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H trong H2SO4 braquong segrave mol H trong H2O sinh raNordfn suy ra Segrave mol H2O = segrave mol H2SO4 = 03 01 = 003 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde 281 + 003 98 = a + 003 18 (1)
(Viacutei a lmicro khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan)
Totilde (1) ta catilde a = 521 (g)
rarr
sectcedilp cediln C ThYacute docirc 3
Cho 156 (g) hccediln hicircp 2 ancol (rminusicircu) regnotn choslashc kOtilde tiOtildep nhau trong dmiddoty regaringng
regfrac14ng tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei 92 (g) Na thu regminusicircc 245 (g) chEcirct rfrac34n Hai ancol regatilde lmicro
(cho Na = 23 C = 12 H = 1 O = 16)
A CH3OH vmicro C2H5OH B C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
C C3H5OH vmicro C4H7OH C C3H7OH vmicro C4H9OH
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli claquong thoslashc chung cntildea 2 ancol lmicro OHR
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc 2 OHR + 2Na rarr 2 ONaR + H2 (1)
- Gaumli segrave mol H2 sinh ra lmicro x mol
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng H2 = 2x (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
156 + 92 = 245 + 2x
rArr x = 015 (mol)
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Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
7
Do regatilde a = 001 138 = 138 (g)
ThYacute docirc 4 Trong btimesnh kYacuten catilde choslasha 002 mol C2H2 vmicro 003 mol H2 viacutei meacutet Yacutet beacutet
Ni Nung natildeng btimesnh meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp X garingm C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 vmicro
H2 Segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily homicron tomicron X lmicro
A 0075 mol B 0065 mol C 0055 mol D 0045 molHminusiacuteng dEacuten Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hmicrom lminusicircng cntildea C vmicro H trong
X vmicro trong hccediln hicircp regCcedilu lmicro nhminus nhau Mmicro sparan phEgravem chcedily regOgraveu lmicro CO 2 vmicro H2O Vtimes
vEumly segrave mol O2 cCcediln thiOtildet regOacute regegravet chcedily hOtildet hccediln hicircp X braquong regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban
regCcedilu
Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc regegravet chcedily hccediln hicircp ban regCcedilu
2C2H
2 + 5O
2 rarr
ot 4CO2 + 2H
2O (1)
002 (mol) 005 (mol)
2H2 + O2 rarr ot 2H2O (2)
003 (mol) 0015 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Segrave mol O2 = 005 + 0015 = 0065 (mol)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 5 sectegravet chcedily homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A (garingm FeS2 vmicro Ag2S viacutei segrave mol braquong
nhau) thu regminusicircc 336 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B vmicroo cegravec regugraveng dungdTHORNch axit HCl (dminus) Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan trong axit HCl lmicro
(cho Fe = 56 Ag = 108 S = 32)
A 1435 (g) B 7175 (g) C 108 (g) D 54 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Lminusu yacute rraquong Ag2O khlaquong bOgraven nordfn chEcirct rfrac34n B garingm Fe2O3 vmicro Ag Vtimes
vEumly khi cho B tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl thtimes chOslash catilde Fe2O3 lmicro tan Ag khlaquong tan
Ta cCcediln tYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Ag Gaumli segrave mol cntildea FeS2 vmicro Ag2S regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng chcedily lmicro 2x + x = 3x (mol)
Segrave mol SO2 braquong422
363= 015 (mol)
Suy ra taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng chcedily braquong 015 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
3x = 015 hArr x = 005 (mol)
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8
Do segrave mol Ag2S = 005 (mol) rArr Segrave mol Ag = 005 2 = 01 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan lmicro 01 108 = 108 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp- Neacutei dung Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc chEcirct tham gia phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc braquong taeligng
khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sparan phEgravem
- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm braquong taeligng khegravei
lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sau thYacute nghiOumlm
b Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes catilde sugrave bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn dEacuten regOtilden sugrave bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc
chEcirct trong meacutet phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc cograveng nhminus trong meacutet thYacute nghiOumlm
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- CCcediln ttimesm ra megravei tminusnotng quan gidividea ccedilc hOuml segrave tOslash lminusicircng trong phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil
haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho m1 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 2 muegravei cacbonat X2CO3 vmicro YCO3 tcedilc docircng viacutei
dung dTHORNch HCl dminus sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro a mol CO 2 Claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc m2 (g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea m1 m2 vmicro a
(cho H = 1 Cl = 355 O = 16 C = 12 )
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc
X2CO3 + 2HCl rarr 2XCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
YCO3 + 2HCl rarr YCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2)
Theo (1) vmicro (2)
+ Segrave mol H2O sinh ra braquong a (mol)
+ Segrave mol HCl phparan oslashng braquong 2a (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m1 + 365 2a = m2 + 44a + 18aHay m1 + 11a = m2 (2)
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9
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1
Homicro tan homicron tomicron 232 (g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i braquong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng
(votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc 112 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro 60 (g) muegravei Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc
phcopyn touml cntildea oxitHminusiacuteng dEacuten + Gaumli claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro MxOy
+ Segrave mol SO2 =422
121= 005 (mol)
+ Gaumli hocedil trTHORN cao nhEcirct cntildea M lmicro n
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
MxOy + H2SO4 rarr M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O (1)sectAEligt segrave mol muegravei M2(SO4)n braquong t (mol)
- Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng braquong (nt + 005) mol
- Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol H2SO4
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H2SO4 nt + 005 (mol)
Segrave mol H2
O sinh ra braquong segrave mol H2
SO4
phparan oslashng nt + 005 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho phparan oslashng (1)
Ta catilde 232 + 98 (nt + 005) = 60 + 64 005 + 18 (nt + 005)
hArr nt = 045 (I)
MAEligt khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng muegravei braquong
(2M + 96 n)t = 60
hArr 2Mt + 96 nt = 60 (II)
Thay (I) vmicroo (II) ta regminusicircc
Mt = 84 (III)
Totilde (I) vmicro (III) suy ra M =3
56n (IV)
ChOslash catilde n = 3 M = 56 (Fe) lmicro phiuml hicircp thay n = 3 vmicroo (I) rArr t = 015
rArr segrave mol Fe = 2t = 03 (mol)
Lsup1i catilde Khegravei lminusicircng Fe trong oxit 56 2 t = 56 2 015rArr Khegravei lminusicircng O trong oxit 232 - 168 = 64 (g)
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10
rArr Segrave mol O =16
46= 04 (mol)
Nordfn OmolSegrave
FemolSegrave
y
x= =
4
3
40
30=
rArr Claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro Fe3O4
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho 281 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 3 oxYacutet Fe2O3 MgO ZnO tan votildea regntilde
trong 300 ml dung dTHORNch H2SO4 01M thtimes khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp ccedilc muegravei khan thu
regminusicircc lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Mg = 24 Zn = 65 O = 16 H = 1 S = 32)
A 381 (g) B 481 (g) C 521 (g) D 480 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Snot regaring phparan oslashng Oxit + Axit rarr Muegravei + Nminusiacutec (1)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H trong H2SO4 braquong segrave mol H trong H2O sinh raNordfn suy ra Segrave mol H2O = segrave mol H2SO4 = 03 01 = 003 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde 281 + 003 98 = a + 003 18 (1)
(Viacutei a lmicro khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan)
Totilde (1) ta catilde a = 521 (g)
rarr
sectcedilp cediln C ThYacute docirc 3
Cho 156 (g) hccediln hicircp 2 ancol (rminusicircu) regnotn choslashc kOtilde tiOtildep nhau trong dmiddoty regaringng
regfrac14ng tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei 92 (g) Na thu regminusicircc 245 (g) chEcirct rfrac34n Hai ancol regatilde lmicro
(cho Na = 23 C = 12 H = 1 O = 16)
A CH3OH vmicro C2H5OH B C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
C C3H5OH vmicro C4H7OH C C3H7OH vmicro C4H9OH
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli claquong thoslashc chung cntildea 2 ancol lmicro OHR
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc 2 OHR + 2Na rarr 2 ONaR + H2 (1)
- Gaumli segrave mol H2 sinh ra lmicro x mol
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng H2 = 2x (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
156 + 92 = 245 + 2x
rArr x = 015 (mol)
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11
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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12
Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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13
(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
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22
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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23
Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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25
KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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Do segrave mol Ag2S = 005 (mol) rArr Segrave mol Ag = 005 2 = 01 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n khlaquong tan lmicro 01 108 = 108 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln C
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp- Neacutei dung Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc chEcirct tham gia phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc braquong taeligng
khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sparan phEgravem
- Taeligng qucedilt Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct trminusiacutec thYacute nghiOumlm braquong taeligng khegravei
lminusicircng cntildea ccedilc chEcirct sau thYacute nghiOumlm
b Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- Vtimes catilde sugrave bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave hocedil haumlc nordfn dEacuten regOtilden sugrave bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc
chEcirct trong meacutet phparan oslashng hocedil haumlc cograveng nhminus trong meacutet thYacute nghiOumlm
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng catilde thOacute cedilp docircng khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot
cograveng nhminus khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc hdivideu cnot
- CCcediln ttimesm ra megravei tminusnotng quan gidividea ccedilc hOuml segrave tOslash lminusicircng trong phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil
haumlc
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
Cho m1 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 2 muegravei cacbonat X2CO3 vmicro YCO3 tcedilc docircng viacutei
dung dTHORNch HCl dminus sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro a mol CO 2 Claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc m2 (g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea m1 m2 vmicro a
(cho H = 1 Cl = 355 O = 16 C = 12 )
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc
X2CO3 + 2HCl rarr 2XCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
YCO3 + 2HCl rarr YCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2)
Theo (1) vmicro (2)
+ Segrave mol H2O sinh ra braquong a (mol)
+ Segrave mol HCl phparan oslashng braquong 2a (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m1 + 365 2a = m2 + 44a + 18aHay m1 + 11a = m2 (2)
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9
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1
Homicro tan homicron tomicron 232 (g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i braquong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng
(votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc 112 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro 60 (g) muegravei Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc
phcopyn touml cntildea oxitHminusiacuteng dEacuten + Gaumli claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro MxOy
+ Segrave mol SO2 =422
121= 005 (mol)
+ Gaumli hocedil trTHORN cao nhEcirct cntildea M lmicro n
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
MxOy + H2SO4 rarr M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O (1)sectAEligt segrave mol muegravei M2(SO4)n braquong t (mol)
- Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng braquong (nt + 005) mol
- Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol H2SO4
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H2SO4 nt + 005 (mol)
Segrave mol H2
O sinh ra braquong segrave mol H2
SO4
phparan oslashng nt + 005 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho phparan oslashng (1)
Ta catilde 232 + 98 (nt + 005) = 60 + 64 005 + 18 (nt + 005)
hArr nt = 045 (I)
MAEligt khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng muegravei braquong
(2M + 96 n)t = 60
hArr 2Mt + 96 nt = 60 (II)
Thay (I) vmicroo (II) ta regminusicircc
Mt = 84 (III)
Totilde (I) vmicro (III) suy ra M =3
56n (IV)
ChOslash catilde n = 3 M = 56 (Fe) lmicro phiuml hicircp thay n = 3 vmicroo (I) rArr t = 015
rArr segrave mol Fe = 2t = 03 (mol)
Lsup1i catilde Khegravei lminusicircng Fe trong oxit 56 2 t = 56 2 015rArr Khegravei lminusicircng O trong oxit 232 - 168 = 64 (g)
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rArr Segrave mol O =16
46= 04 (mol)
Nordfn OmolSegrave
FemolSegrave
y
x= =
4
3
40
30=
rArr Claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro Fe3O4
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho 281 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 3 oxYacutet Fe2O3 MgO ZnO tan votildea regntilde
trong 300 ml dung dTHORNch H2SO4 01M thtimes khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp ccedilc muegravei khan thu
regminusicircc lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Mg = 24 Zn = 65 O = 16 H = 1 S = 32)
A 381 (g) B 481 (g) C 521 (g) D 480 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Snot regaring phparan oslashng Oxit + Axit rarr Muegravei + Nminusiacutec (1)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H trong H2SO4 braquong segrave mol H trong H2O sinh raNordfn suy ra Segrave mol H2O = segrave mol H2SO4 = 03 01 = 003 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde 281 + 003 98 = a + 003 18 (1)
(Viacutei a lmicro khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan)
Totilde (1) ta catilde a = 521 (g)
rarr
sectcedilp cediln C ThYacute docirc 3
Cho 156 (g) hccediln hicircp 2 ancol (rminusicircu) regnotn choslashc kOtilde tiOtildep nhau trong dmiddoty regaringng
regfrac14ng tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei 92 (g) Na thu regminusicircc 245 (g) chEcirct rfrac34n Hai ancol regatilde lmicro
(cho Na = 23 C = 12 H = 1 O = 16)
A CH3OH vmicro C2H5OH B C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
C C3H5OH vmicro C4H7OH C C3H7OH vmicro C4H9OH
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli claquong thoslashc chung cntildea 2 ancol lmicro OHR
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc 2 OHR + 2Na rarr 2 ONaR + H2 (1)
- Gaumli segrave mol H2 sinh ra lmicro x mol
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng H2 = 2x (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
156 + 92 = 245 + 2x
rArr x = 015 (mol)
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Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1
Homicro tan homicron tomicron 232 (g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i braquong dung dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng
(votildea regntilde) thu regminusicircc 112 lYacutet khYacute SO2 (euml regktc) vmicro 60 (g) muegravei Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc
phcopyn touml cntildea oxitHminusiacuteng dEacuten + Gaumli claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro MxOy
+ Segrave mol SO2 =422
121= 005 (mol)
+ Gaumli hocedil trTHORN cao nhEcirct cntildea M lmicro n
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
MxOy + H2SO4 rarr M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O (1)sectAEligt segrave mol muegravei M2(SO4)n braquong t (mol)
- Taeligng segrave mol S sau phparan oslashng braquong (nt + 005) mol
- Taeligng segrave mol S trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol H2SO4
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H2SO4 nt + 005 (mol)
Segrave mol H2
O sinh ra braquong segrave mol H2
SO4
phparan oslashng nt + 005 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho phparan oslashng (1)
Ta catilde 232 + 98 (nt + 005) = 60 + 64 005 + 18 (nt + 005)
hArr nt = 045 (I)
MAEligt khcedilc khegravei lminusicircng muegravei braquong
(2M + 96 n)t = 60
hArr 2Mt + 96 nt = 60 (II)
Thay (I) vmicroo (II) ta regminusicircc
Mt = 84 (III)
Totilde (I) vmicro (III) suy ra M =3
56n (IV)
ChOslash catilde n = 3 M = 56 (Fe) lmicro phiuml hicircp thay n = 3 vmicroo (I) rArr t = 015
rArr segrave mol Fe = 2t = 03 (mol)
Lsup1i catilde Khegravei lminusicircng Fe trong oxit 56 2 t = 56 2 015rArr Khegravei lminusicircng O trong oxit 232 - 168 = 64 (g)
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rArr Segrave mol O =16
46= 04 (mol)
Nordfn OmolSegrave
FemolSegrave
y
x= =
4
3
40
30=
rArr Claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro Fe3O4
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho 281 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 3 oxYacutet Fe2O3 MgO ZnO tan votildea regntilde
trong 300 ml dung dTHORNch H2SO4 01M thtimes khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp ccedilc muegravei khan thu
regminusicircc lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Mg = 24 Zn = 65 O = 16 H = 1 S = 32)
A 381 (g) B 481 (g) C 521 (g) D 480 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Snot regaring phparan oslashng Oxit + Axit rarr Muegravei + Nminusiacutec (1)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H trong H2SO4 braquong segrave mol H trong H2O sinh raNordfn suy ra Segrave mol H2O = segrave mol H2SO4 = 03 01 = 003 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde 281 + 003 98 = a + 003 18 (1)
(Viacutei a lmicro khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan)
Totilde (1) ta catilde a = 521 (g)
rarr
sectcedilp cediln C ThYacute docirc 3
Cho 156 (g) hccediln hicircp 2 ancol (rminusicircu) regnotn choslashc kOtilde tiOtildep nhau trong dmiddoty regaringng
regfrac14ng tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei 92 (g) Na thu regminusicircc 245 (g) chEcirct rfrac34n Hai ancol regatilde lmicro
(cho Na = 23 C = 12 H = 1 O = 16)
A CH3OH vmicro C2H5OH B C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
C C3H5OH vmicro C4H7OH C C3H7OH vmicro C4H9OH
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli claquong thoslashc chung cntildea 2 ancol lmicro OHR
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc 2 OHR + 2Na rarr 2 ONaR + H2 (1)
- Gaumli segrave mol H2 sinh ra lmicro x mol
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng H2 = 2x (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
156 + 92 = 245 + 2x
rArr x = 015 (mol)
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Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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rArr Segrave mol O =16
46= 04 (mol)
Nordfn OmolSegrave
FemolSegrave
y
x= =
4
3
40
30=
rArr Claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit lmicro Fe3O4
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho 281 (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm 3 oxYacutet Fe2O3 MgO ZnO tan votildea regntilde
trong 300 ml dung dTHORNch H2SO4 01M thtimes khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp ccedilc muegravei khan thu
regminusicircc lmicro (cho Fe = 56 Mg = 24 Zn = 65 O = 16 H = 1 S = 32)
A 381 (g) B 481 (g) C 521 (g) D 480 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Snot regaring phparan oslashng Oxit + Axit rarr Muegravei + Nminusiacutec (1)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Segrave mol H trong H2SO4 braquong segrave mol H trong H2O sinh raNordfn suy ra Segrave mol H2O = segrave mol H2SO4 = 03 01 = 003 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde 281 + 003 98 = a + 003 18 (1)
(Viacutei a lmicro khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan)
Totilde (1) ta catilde a = 521 (g)
rarr
sectcedilp cediln C ThYacute docirc 3
Cho 156 (g) hccediln hicircp 2 ancol (rminusicircu) regnotn choslashc kOtilde tiOtildep nhau trong dmiddoty regaringng
regfrac14ng tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei 92 (g) Na thu regminusicircc 245 (g) chEcirct rfrac34n Hai ancol regatilde lmicro
(cho Na = 23 C = 12 H = 1 O = 16)
A CH3OH vmicro C2H5OH B C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
C C3H5OH vmicro C4H7OH C C3H7OH vmicro C4H9OH
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli claquong thoslashc chung cntildea 2 ancol lmicro OHR
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc 2 OHR + 2Na rarr 2 ONaR + H2 (1)
- Gaumli segrave mol H2 sinh ra lmicro x mol
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng H2 = 2x (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
156 + 92 = 245 + 2x
rArr x = 015 (mol)
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Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol 2 ancol = 2x = 03 (mol)
rArr R + 17 =30
615= 52 rArr R = 35
rArr 1 ancol phparai catilde gegravec hiregrocacbon lt 35 Do regatilde 2ancol phparai thueacutec losup1i no
msup1ch heuml (vtimes ancol msup1ch vszligng hoAEligc ancol khlaquong no catilde Yacutet nhEcirct 3 nguyordfn touml C)
VEumly 2 ancol regaringng regfrac14ng kOtilde tiOtildep regatilde lmicro C2H5OH vmicro C3H7OH
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 4 Homicro tan hOtildet m (g) hccediln hicircp A garingm FeO Fe2O3 vmicro Fe3O4 braquong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng thu regminusicircc 448 lYacutet khYacute NO2 (euml regktc) Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch sau
phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc 1452 (g) muegravei khan Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro(cho Fe=56 N=14
O=16 H=1)
A 464 B 357 C 158 D 777
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Muegravei thu regminusicircc lmicro Fe(NO3)3
- Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 =242
2145 = 06 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO2 =422
484 = 02 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng A + HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
- Taeligng segrave mol N trminusiacutec phparan oslashng braquong taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng 06 3 + 02 = 2 (mol)
- Segrave mol H2O sinh ra =2
1segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng = 1 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho snot regaring (1)
Ta catilde m + 63 2 = 1452 + 02 46 + 18 1
hArr m = 464 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 NhiOumlt phcopyn 88 (g) C3H8 xparay ra 2 phparan oslashng
C3H8 rarr CH4 + C2H4 (1) C3H8 rarr C3H6 + H2 (2)
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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Ta thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Y (choslasha 5 chEcirct) Cho hccediln hicircp Y qua nminusiacutec brom chOslash
thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute Z catilde tOslash khegravei regegravei viacutei H2 braquong 73 secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh
regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro (Cho C = 12 H = 1)
A 588 (g) B 672 (g) C 617 (g) D 648 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Ta catilde 5 chEcirct trong Y garingm C3H8 CH4 H2 C3H6 C2H4 Khicho Y qua nminusiacutec brom thtimes 2 anken C3H6 vmicro C2H4 phparan oslashng regminusicircc viacutei brom hccediln hicircp
khYacute Z garingm C3H8 CH4 H2
- Phcopyn touml khegravei trong btimesnh cntildea Z = 73 2 = 146
- Theo ccedilc phminusnotng trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2)
Segrave mol CH4 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (1)
Segrave mol H2 braquong segrave mol C3H8 euml phparan oslashng (2)
rArrSegrave mol hccediln hicircp Z braquong segrave mol C3H8 ban regCcedilu braquong44
88 = 02 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp Z = 02 146 = 292 (g)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
secteacute tumlng khegravei lminusicircng btimesnh regugraveng nminusiacutec brom lmicro ∆m = 88 - 292 = 588 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech
a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet hOuml claquo lEumlp regiOumln tYacutech regminusicircc bparao tomicron
- Ta chOslash xETHt regegravei viacutei meacutet dung dTHORNch khi regatilde regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron catilde thOacute phcedilt biOacuteu
nhminus sau
Trong meacutet dung dTHORNch taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln dminusnotng braquong taeligng lminusicircng regiOumln copym
b ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp- Dung dTHORNch A choslasha ccedilc ion Na+(a mol) Mg2+(b mol) Al3+(c mol) Cl-(d
mol) vmicro SO42- (e mol) Xcedilc regTHORNnh megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d e
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde a + 2b + 3c = d + 2e
c ThYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Meacutet dung dTHORNch X catilde choslasha 001mol Ba2+ 001mol NO3- a mol OH-
vmicro b mol Na+
sectOacute trung homicro dung dTHORNch X cCcediln diumlng 400 ml dung dTHORNch HCl 01MKhegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch X lmicro
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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(Cho Ba = 137 Na = 23 N = 14 H = 1 O = 16)
A 336 (g) B 376 (g) C 168 (g) D 135 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
Segrave mol HCl = 04 01 = 004 (mol) rArr Segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Phminusnotng trtimesnh hocedil haumlc cntildea phparan oslashng trung homicroH+ + OH- rarr H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol OH- = segrave mol H+ = 004 (mol)
Hay a = 004 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech regegravei viacutei dung dTHORNch X ta catilde
001 2 + b 1 = 001 1 + 004 1
hArr b = 003 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng chEcirct rfrac34n thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ba2+Na+NO3-
OH-
Nordfn catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro m = 001 137 + 00162 + 004 17 + 003 23 = 336 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 2 Dung dTHORNch Y choslasha Ca2+ (01 mol) Mg2+ (03mol) Cl- (04mol) vmicro
HCO3-
y (mol) Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y ta thu regminusicircc muegravei khan CO khegravei lminusicircng lmicro(Cho Ca = 40 Mg = 24 Cl = 355 H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)
A 374 (g) B 498 (g) C 254 (g) D 305 (g)
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech ta catilde
03 2 + 01 2 = 04 + y
hArr y = 04 (mol) (I)
Khi claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch Y xparay ra phparan oslashng2HCO3
- rarr CO32- + CO2 + H2O (1)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO32- =
2
1y =
2
40= 02 (mol)
Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc braquong taeligng khegravei lminusicircng ccedilc ion Ca2+ Mg2+
Cl- CO32-
Hay Khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan =0140 + 03 24 + 04 355 + 02 60 = 374 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A 5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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a Neacutei dung phminusnotng phcedilp
- Neacutei dung Trong phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct khouml
nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumln
- Taeligng qucedilt Trong meacutet qucedil trtimesnh hocedil haumlc taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc
chEcirct khouml nhminusecircng phparai braquong taeligng segrave mol electron mmicro hOuml ccedilc chEcirct oxi hocedil nhEumlnb Cnot seuml cntildea phminusnotng phcedilp
- sectTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron lmicro meacutet trminusecircng hicircp riordfng cntildea regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron
regiOumln tYacutech
c Ccedilc regiOacutem lminusu yacute khi cedilp docircng
- cedilp docircng khi giparai ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc vlaquo cnot vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml
- Nfrac34m vdivideng tYacutenh chEcirct cntildea ccedilc chEcirct kiOtilden thoslashc vOgrave phparan oslashng oxi hocedil - khouml regOacute totilderegatilde
+ Xcedilc regTHORNnh regminusicircc chEcirct oxi hocedil vmicro chEcirct khouml Dugravea vmicroo segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave
euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei ciumlng mmicro khlaquong cCcediln quan tcopym tiacutei ccedilc segrave oxi hocedil
trung gian theo nguyordfn tfrac34c
ChEcirct khouml Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave tumlng
ChEcirct oxi hocedil Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea nguyordfn tegrave giparam
+ ViOtildet regminusicircc claquong thoslashc cntildea ccedilc sparan phEgravem oxi hocedil sparan phEgravem khouml regOacute viOtildet regminusicircc
ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml Totilde regatilde viOtildet regminusicircc ccedilc biOacuteu thoslashc taeligng segrave mol
electron nhminusecircng taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
VYacute docirc
Khi cho FeO phparan oslashng viacutei axit HNO3 thocedilt ra khYacute NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Ta catilde thOacute viOtildet ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil vmicro qucedil trtimesnh khouml nhminus sau
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Fe+2
rarr Fe+3
+ eHoAEligc viOtildet FeO + 2H+ rarr Fe3+ + H2O + e
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml N+5 + 3e rarr N+2
HoAEligc viOtildet NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O
- cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron
Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng braquong taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln
d ThYacute docirc minh hosup1 phminusnotng phcedilp
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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23
Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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- Cho hccediln hicircp A garingm a (mol) Mg vmicro b (mol) Al tcedilc docircng votildea regntilde viacutei dung
dTHORNch B choslasha c (mol) AgNO3 vmicro d (mol) Cu(NO3)2Ttimesm megravei liordfn hOuml gidividea a b c d
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil Mg rarr Mg2+ + 2e (1)
a (mol) 2a (mol)Al rarr Al3+ + 3e (2)
b (mol) 3b(mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2a + 3b (I)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml Ag+ + e rarr Ag (3)
c (mol) c (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e rarr Cu (4)
d (mol) 2d (mol) Theo (3) vmicro (4) Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = c + 2d (II)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2a + 3b = c + 2d
e Ccedilc thYacute docirc cedilp docircng
ThYacute docirc 1 Chia 229 (g) hccediln hicircp 3 kim losup1i Mg Al Zn thmicronh 2 phCcediln braquong
nhau
- PhCcediln 1 Homicro tan homicron tomicron trong dung dTHORNch HCl giparai phatildeng 1456 (lYacutet) H2 (euml regktc)
- PhCcediln 2 BTHORN O2 oxi hocedil homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc m(g) hccediln hicircp 3 oxit
Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Mg = 24 Al = 27 Zn = 65 H = 1 O = 16)
A 2142 B 2185 C 2242 D 2168
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
+ Khegravei lminusicircng mccedili phCcediln braquong2
292= 1145 (g)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khi cho hccediln hicircp kim losup1i tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl vmicro tcedilc
docircng viacutei O2 regOgraveu lmicro
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
o
Al rarr
3
Al
+
+ 3e (1)o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2 e
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 1 tcedilc docircng viacutei axit HCl
1
H2+
+ 2e rarr o
2H (2)
Qucedil trtimesnh khouml khi cho phCcediln 2 tcedilc docircng viacutei O2
o
O + 2e rarr 2
Ominus
(3)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
Segrave mol electron mmicro hccediln hicircp kim losup1i nhminusecircng braquong segrave mol electron mmicro H+1
nhEumln braquong segrave mol electron mmicroo
O nhEumln
Totilde regatilde theo (2) vmicro (3) ta catilde
Segrave mol O = segrave mol H2 = 0065 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng ta catilde
m = 1145 + 0065 16 = 2185 (g)
rarr sectcedilp cediln B
ThYacute docirc 2 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua egraveng soslash regugraveng m(g) Fe2O3 euml nhiOumlt regeacute cao
meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc 1344(g) hccediln hicircp X garingm 4 chEcirct rfrac34n khcedilc nhau sectem homicro tan
hccediln hicircp nmicroy vmicroo dung dTHORNch HNO3 dminus thEcircy tsup1o thmicronh 0896 (l) NO (sparan phEgravem khouml duy
nhEcirct) Gicedil trTHORN cntildea m lmicro (cho Fe = 56 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1)
A 144 B 142 C 146 D 148
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol CO phparan oslashng braquong x (mol)
Segrave mol NO =422
8960 = 004 (mol)
Snot regaring phparan oslashng
3
3
2 OFe+
+2
CO+
rarr ot X (Fe2O3 dminus Fe3O4 FeO Fe) +
4
2CO+
(1)
X + 5
3HNO+rarr
3Fe+ (NO3)3 +
2NO+ + H2O (2)
- Totilde qucedil trtimesnh (1) vmicro (2) ta thEcircy
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea Fe O H euml trsup1ng thcedili regCcedilu vmicro trsup1ng thcedili cuegravei lmicro nhminus nhau Nordfn
xem nhminus Fe+3 O-2 vmicro H+1 khlaquong tham gia nhminusecircng vmicro nhEumln electron
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea C tumlng totilde +2 lordfn +4 VEumly C+2 lmicro chEcirct khouml
+ Segrave oxi hocedil cntildea N giparam totilde +5 xuegraveng +2 VEumly N+5 lmicro chEcirct oxi hocedil
- Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil qucedil trtimesnh khouml
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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+ Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2 e (3)
x(mol) 2x(mol)
rArr Segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x (mol)
+ Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3 e rarr2
N+
(4)
3004(mol) 004(mol)
Segrave mol electron nhEumln = 3004 = 012 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc 2x = 012 hArr x = 006 (mol)
Theo (1) segrave mol CO2 = segrave mol CO phparan oslashng = 006 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta regminusicircc
m + 006 28 = 1344 + 006 44
Hay m = 144 (g)rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 3 Cho meacutet luaringng khYacute CO regi qua hccediln hicircp A (garingm 3 oxit sfrac34t viacutei segrave mol
braquong nhau) thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute B vmicro 192 (g) hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n D (garingm Fe FeO
vmicro Fe3O4) Cho tomicron beacute hccediln hicircp D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 (dminus) thu regminusicircc
224 lYacutet khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) TYacutenh khegravei lminusicircng cntildea hccediln hicircp A ban regCcedilu
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten sectAEligt segrave mol CO2 thu regminusicircc braquong t (mol)- Hccediln hicircp B garingm CO vmicro CO2
- Segrave mol NO =422
242= 01 mol
- sectAEligt segrave mol cntildea Fe2O3 Fe3O4 vmicro FeO trong hccediln hicircp A regOgraveu braquong x (mol)
Ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
A +2
CO+
rarr ot D +
4
2CO+
(1)
D +5
3HNO+
rarr 3
Fe+
(NO3)3 +2
NO+
+ H2O (2)
Ccedilch 1 Theo (1) vmicro (2) ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
2
Fe+
rarr 3
Fe+
+ e (3)
x(mol) x(mol)
3 8Fe3
+
rarr 3Fe3+
+ e (4)
3x(mol) x(mol)
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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2
C+
rarr 4
C+
+ 2e (5)
t(mol) 2t(mol)
Totilde (3)(4) vmicro (5) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng =x + x + 2t = 2(x + t)
(mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(6)
03(mol) 01(mol)
Totilde (6) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 03 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde
2 (x + t) = 03 hArr x + t = 015 (I)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (1) ta catilde
(72x + 160x + 232x) + 28t = 192 + 44t
Hay 464x = 192 + 16t (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr x = 0045 (mol)
t = 0105 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = 464 0045 = 2088 (g)
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo phminusnotng phcedilp souml docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicronkhegravei lminusicircng nhminus sau
- Taeligng segrave mol Fe braquong x + 2x + 3x = 6x (mol)
rArr Segrave mol Fe(NO3)3 = 6x (mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol N sau phparan oslashng lmicro (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 phparan oslashng braquong segrave mol N braquong (6x 3 + 01) (mol)
rArr Segrave mol H2
O tsup1o thmicronh braquong2
1 (6x 3 + 01)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng cho qucedil trtimesnh (2) ta catilde
192 + 63 (6x 3 + 01) = 6x 242 + 01 30 +2
1 (6x 3 + 01) 18
hArr x = 0045 (mol)
rArr Khegravei lminusicircng hccediln hicircp A = (72 + 160 + 232) 0045 = 2088 (g)
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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ThYacute docirc 4 Cho m(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Mg Al Zn phparan oslashng votildea regntilde viacutei V(l) dung
dTHORNch HNO3 1M thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 0025 mol NO vmicro 005 mol N2O (dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong choslasha muegravei amoni) V catilde gicedil trTHORN lmicro
A 06 B 055 C 065 D 05
Hminusiacuteng dEacutenCcedilch 1 Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Zn trong m(g) hccediln hicircp lCcediln lminusicirct lmicro x y
z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Zn rarr 2+
Zn + 2e (1)
y(mol) y(mol) 2y(mol)o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
z(mol) z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 2y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
0075(mol) 0025(mol)
5
N+
+ 4e rarr 1
N+
(2)
42005(mol) 2005(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 0075 + 42005 = 0475 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta catilde 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (I)
- Snot regaring hicircp thoslashc Mg rarr Mg(NO3)2
x(mol) x(mol)
Zn rarr Zn(NO3)2
(3)
y(mol) y(mol)
Al rarr Al(NO3)3
z(mol) z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol N trong muegravei = 2x + 2y + 3z = 0475 (mol) (theo (I))
MAEligt khcedilc taeligng segrave mol N trong khYacute = 0025 + 2 005 = 0125 (mol)
Theo regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave ta catilde
Taeligng segrave mol N trong HNO3 = 0475 + 0125 = 06 (mol)
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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23
Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = 06 (mol)
rArrV =1
60= 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
Ccedilch 2 Catilde thOacute giparai bmicroi tocediln trordfn theo ccedilch sau
Ta catilde ccedilc qucedil trtimesnh khouml NO3- + 3e + 4H+ rarr NO + 2H2O (1)
40025(mol) 0025(mol)
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ rarr N2O + 5H2O (2)
10005(mol) 005 (mol)
Theo (1) vmicro (2) taeligng segrave mol H+ = 40025 + 10005 = 06 (mol)
Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil khlaquong tiordfu tegraven H+
rArr Segrave mol HNO3 = segrave mol H+
= 06 (mol)
rArr V =1
60 = 06 (l)
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
ThYacute docirc 5 Cho 116(g) hccediln hicircp X (garingm Fe FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3) tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 regAEligc natildeng dminus Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch A vmicro V(l)
khYacute NO2(regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu khouml homicron tomicron X braquong khYacute CO dminus thtimes sau phparan oslashng
thu regminusicircc 952 (g) Fe TYacutenh V
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten
+ Segrave mol Fe thu regminusicircc khi khouml X lmicro56
529 = 017 (mol)
+ Taeligng khegravei lminusicircng O trong 116(g) X braquong mO = 116 - 952 = 208(g)
rArr Segrave mol O =16
082 = 013 (mol)
+ Segrave mol NO2 =424
V(mol)
Ta xem nhminus hccediln hicircp X regminusicircc tsup1o thmicronh do phparan oslashng cntildea 017(mol) Fe vmicro
2O)mol(06502
130= Khi Ecircy ta catilde snot regaring phparan oslashng
Fe rarr + 2O X rarr + 3HNO Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O (1)
Totilde snot regaring (1) ta catilde
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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25
KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
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A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
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- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedilo
Fe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
(2)
017(mol) 3017(mol)
Totilde (2) ta catilde taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 3017 = 051 (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml oO + 2e rarr
2Ominus
(3)
013(mol) 0132(mol) 5
N+
+ e rarr 4
N+
(4)
)mol(422
V )mol(
422
V
Totilde (3) vmicro (4) ta catilde Taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 013 2 +422
V
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
013 2 +422
V = 051
hArr V = 56 (l)
ThYacute docirc 6 Homicro tan homicron tomicron 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X garingm Mg Al Fe braquong dung
dTHORNch HCl dminus thu regminusicircc 392 (l) khYacute H2 (euml regktc) MAEligt khcedilc nOtildeu homicro tan homicron tomicron
455(g) hccediln hicircp X braquong dung dTHORNch axit HNO3 dminus thtimes thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch khlaquong
choslasha muegravei amoni vmicro 28 (l) khYacute NO duy nhEcirct (euml regktc) Thmicronh phCcediln khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Fe trong hccediln hicircp X lmicro (Cho Fe = 56)
A 3077 B 3746 C 1231 D 2462
Hminusiacuteng dEacuten Gaumli segrave mol cntildea Mg Al Fe trong 455 (g) hccediln hicircp X lCcediln lminusicirct
braquong
x y z (mol)- Segrave mol H2 =
422
923 = 0175 (mol)
- Segrave mol NO =422
82= 0125 (mol)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl ta catilde
- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
25
KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3 e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (1)
o
Fe rarr2+
Fe + 2e
z(mol) 2z(mol)
Theo (1) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 2z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml 2H+1 + 2e rarr H2O (2)
20175(mol) 0175(mol)
Theo (2) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 2 0175 = 035 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc
2x + 3y + 2z = 035 (I)
Khi cho hccediln hicircp X tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 ta catilde- Qucedil trtimesnh oxi hocedil
o
Mg rarr 2
Mg+
+ 2e
x(mol) 2x(mol)
o
Al rarr 3
Al+
+ 3e
y(mol) 3y(mol) (3)
oFe rarr 3
Fe+
+ 3e
z(mol) 3z(mol)
Theo (3) taeligng segrave mol electron nhminusecircng = 2x + 3y + 3z (mol)
- Qucedil trtimesnh khouml5
N+
+ 3e rarr 2
N+
(4)
30125(mol) 0125(mol
Theo (4) taeligng segrave mol electron nhEumln = 30125 = 0375 (mol)
cedilp docircng regTHORNnh luEumlt bparao tomicron electron ta regminusicircc2x + 3y + 3z = 0375 (II)
Totilde (I) vmicro (II) rArr z = 0375 - 035 = 0025 (mol)
rArr Fe = 7730100554
560250=
rarr sectcedilp cediln A
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp VEumln docircng Phminusnotng phcedilp
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
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KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
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Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
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Sau khi haumlc sinh regmiddot nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh
biOtildet vEumln docircng linh hosup1t trong totildeng trminusecircng hicircp cocirc thOacute tlaquoi yordfu cCcedilu haumlc sinh rIgraven
luyOumln thordfm qua meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp luyOumln tEumlp
Bmicroi tEumlp 1 (TrYacutech regOgrave thi TSsectH Csect khegravei B numlm 2007)
Cho 001mol meacutet hicircp chEcirct cntildea sfrac34t tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thocediltra 0112 lYacutet (euml regktc) khYacute SO2 duy nhEcirct Claquong thoslashc cntildea hicircp chEcirct lmicro
A FeS B FeS2 C FeO D FeCO3
Bmicroi tEumlp 2 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 304(g) hccediln hicircp Y (garingm FeO Fe3O4 vmicro Fe2O3)
thtimes cCcediln 005 mol H2 MAEligt khcedilc homicro tan homicron tomicron 304 (g) hccediln hicircp Y trong dung
dTHORNch H2SO4 regAEligc natildeng (dminus) thtimes thu regminusicircc thOacute tYacutech khYacute SO2 (sparan phEgravem khouml duy nhEcirct)
euml regiOgraveu kiOumln tiordfu chuEgraven lmicro
A 224 ml B 448 ml C 336 ml D 112ml
Bmicroi tEumlp 3 Cho H2 dminus regi qua m(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm CuO Al2O3 vmicro FexOy nung
natildeng sau phparan oslashng homicron tomicron thu regminusicircc 144(g) H2O MAEligt khcedilc regOacute homicro tan homicron
tomicron m(g) A cCcediln diumlng 170(ml) dung dTHORNch H2SO4 1M (lomiddotng) Xcedilc regTHORNnh khegravei lminusicircng
cntildea Al2O3 trong m(g) hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 4 Cho khYacute CO qua egraveng regugraveng 232(g) oxit FexOy natildeng regaacute meacutet thecirci
gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp khYacute A vmicro hccediln hicircp chEcirct rfrac34n B Cho B tan homicron tomicron trong
dung dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch C vmicro khYacute NO Claquo csup1n dung dTHORNch C
regminusicircc 7018(g) muegravei khan Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit sfrac34t
Bmicroi tEumlp 5 sectOacute khouml homicron tomicron 928(g) meacutet oxit kim losup1i cCcediln 38976 lYacutet H 2
(euml regktc) NOtildeu lEcircy lminusicircng kim losup1i thu regminusicircc cho tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus thtimes
thu regminusicircc 25984 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Xcedilc regTHORNnh claquong thoslashc cntildea oxit
Bmicroi tEumlp 6 Cho 135(g) hccediln hicircp garingm Cu Mg Al tcedilc docircng hOtildet viacutei dung dTHORNchHNO3 dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 001mol NO vmicro 004 mol NO2 (khlaquong catilde
sparan phEgravem khouml nmicroo khcedilc) TYacutenh taeligng khegravei lminusicircng muegravei khan thu regminusicircc khi claquo csup1n
dung dTHORNch sau phparan oslashng
Bmicroi tEumlp 7 sectegravet chcedily 2184(g) Fe thu regminusicircc 3048(g) hccediln hicircp A garingm ccedilc oxit
sfrac34t Xcedilc regTHORNnh thOacute tYacutech H2 (euml regktc) cCcediln regOacute khouml homicron tomicron hccediln hicircp A
Bmicroi tEumlp 8 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 003 mol Al vmicro 005 mol Fe) tcedilc docircng viacutei100ml dung dTHORNch B choslasha AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 Sau phparan oslashng thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch
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C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 2526
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
25
KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 2626
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 2426
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
24
C vmicro 812(g) hccediln hicircp D garingm 3 kim losup1i Cho D tcedilc docircng viacutei dung dTHORNch HCl dminus
thu regminusicircc 0672 (l) H2 (euml regktc) Ccedilc phparan oslashng xparay ra homicron tomicron Xcedilc regTHORNnh naringng regeacute
moll cntildea AgNO3 vmicro Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dTHORNch B
Bmicroi tEumlp 9 Cho hccediln hicircp A (garingm 001mol MgO vmicro 014 mol Mg tcedilc docircng hOtildet
viacutei dung dTHORNch HNO3 thu regminusicircc dung dTHORNch B vmicro 0448 lYacutet khYacute X nguyordfn chEcirct (eumlregktc) Claquo csup1n cEgraven thEumln dung dTHORNch B thu regminusicircc 23(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan D KhYacute X lmicro
A N2 B N2O C NO D NO2
Bmicroi tEumlp 10 Meacutet dung dTHORNch catilde choslasha 2 cation lmicro Fe2+ (01mol) vmicro Al3+ (02mol)
vmicro 2 anion lmicro Cl- (xmol) vmicro SO42- (ymol) TYacutenh x vmicro y biOtildet rraquong khi claquo csup1n dung
dTHORNch thu regminusicircc 469(g) chEcirct rfrac34n khan
Bmicroi tEumlp 11 Nung hccediln hicircp A garingm Al Fe2O3 vmicro CuO trong regiOgraveu kiOumln khlaquong catilde
khlaquong khYacute meacutet thecirci gian thu regminusicircc hccediln hicircp B Homicro tan hOtildet hccediln hicircp B trong dung
dTHORNch HNO3 lomiddotng dminus thEcircy thocedilt ra hccediln hicircp khYacute garingm 01(mol) NO vmicro 003mol N2O
(dung dTHORNch thu regminusicircc khlaquong catilde muegravei amoni) Khegravei lminusicircng cntildea Al trong m(g) hccediln
hicircp A lmicro
A 486(g) B 54(g) C 378(g) D 648(g)
C KOtildet luEumln
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng
Thugravec tOtilde cho thEcircy viacutei ccedilch lmicrom nhminus trordfn phCcediln nmicroo regmiddot lmicrom cho haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng kiOtilden thoslashc hocedil haumlc catilde kuuml numlng nhanh nhsup1y khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc roacutet ngfrac34n
regminusicircc thecirci gian lmicrom bmicroi sectatilde lmicro regiOgraveu rEcirct quan traumlng khi lmicrom bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
khcedilch quan
Qua viOumlc kiOacutem choslashng trordfn meacutet segrave liacutep euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II mmicro tlaquoi
regmiddot giparang dsup1y nhminus Ccedilc liacutep A1 A2 khocedil haumlc 2008 - 2009 nhdivideng haumlc sinh nfrac34m
vdivideng ccedilc phminusnotng phcedilp trordfn regmiddot rEcirct tugrave tin khi giparai tocediln hocedil haumlc Haumlc sinh chntilde regeacuteng
giparai quyOtildet ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp dugravea trordfn ccedilc cnot seuml lyacute thuyOtildet tminusnotng oslashng vmicro vtimes vEumly hiOumlu quparahaumlc tEumlp regminusicircc ncopyng lordfn
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 2526
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
25
KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 2626
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 2526
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc
GV Homicrong Claquong Vinh Trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II
25
KOtildet qupara xOtildep losup1i khatildea haumlc 2008 991251 2009 trminusiacutec vmicro sau khi cedilp docircng
Liacutep SUuml
segrave
Losup1i giaacutei Losup1i khcedil Losup1i TB Losup1i yOtildeu Losup1i kETHm
SL SL SL SL SL
12A1 Trminusiacutec 508 16 12 24 30 60 0 0 0 0
Sau 50 15 30 20 40 15 30 0 0 0 0
12A2 Trminusiacutec 52 6 1 0 0 0 0
Sau 52 0 0 0 0
2 KOtildet luEumln
Trordfn regcopyy lmicro meacutet segrave kinh nghiOumlm cntildea tlaquoi regOacute ncopyng cao chEcirct lminusicircng dsup1y haumlc mlaquon Hocedil
haumlc euml trminusecircng THPT Thsup1ch Thmicronh II nhraquom regcedilp oslashng yordfu cCcedilu phcedilt triOacuten miacutei cntildeangmicronh Gicedilo docircc Nhdivideng neacutei dung mmicro tlaquoi regmiddot trtimesnh bmicroy chfrac34c chfrac34n vEacuten cszlign nhiOgraveu
nhdivideng khiOtildem khuyOtildet rEcirct mong nhEumln regminusicircc sugrave gatildep yacute chcopyn thmicronh cntildea ccedilc regaringng
nghiOumlp
Tlaquoi xin chcopyn thmicronh cparam notn
Thsup1ch Thmicronh ngmicroy 20 thcedilng 04numlm 2009
Ngminusecirci thugravec hiOumln
Homicrong Claquong Vinh
mocircc locircc
Trang
A sectAEligt vEcircn regOgrave 1
I Lecirci meuml regCcedilu 1
II Thugravec trsup1ng 2
B Giparai quyOtildet vEcircn regOgrave 2
I Nfrac34m vdivideng neacutei dung vmicro cnot seuml cograveng nhminus phsup1m vi cedilp docircng 2
ccedilc Phminusnotng Phcedilp
1 Phminusnotng phcedilp tumlng giparam khegravei lminusicircng 2
2 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron nguyordfn tegrave 3
3 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron khegravei lminusicircng 8
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 2626
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm
8212019 SKKN Hoacutea Học - Kinh nghiệm giải nhanh caacutec bagravei tập trắc nghiệm Hoacutea học - Hoagraveng Cocircng Vinh THPT Thạch Thagravenh II
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullskkn-hoa-hoc-kinh-nghiem-giai-nhanh-cac-bai-tap-trac-nghiem 2626
Kinh nghiOumlm giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm Hocedil haumlc 26
4 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron regiOumln tYacutech 12
5 Phminusnotng phcedilp bparao tomicron electron 14
II Meacutet segrave bmicroi tEumlp vEumln docircng
C KOtildet luEumln 25
1 KOtildet qupara cedilp docircng 25
2 KOtildet luEumln 25
Tmicroi liOumlu tham khparao
1 TS Phiumlng Ngaumlc Trcedilc
Phminusnotng phcedilp miacutei giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
2 Lordf Phsup1m Thmicronh
Phminusnotng phcedilp vmicro kUuml thuEumlt giparai nhanh bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm hocedil hoc
3 Cao Thiordfn An
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tocediln hocedil haumlc THPT
4 NguyOcircn ThTHORN Khoa Phminusicircng
Phminusnotng phcedilp giparai nhanh ccedilc bmicroi tEumlp trfrac34c nghiOumlm