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SLHC and CMS. LHC Upgrades Dan Green US CMS Program Manager Fermilab October 6, 2004. Outline. SLHC – Upgrades and “Reach ” CMS and US CMS Collaborations. LHC Detector Innovations. LHC challenges have led to dramatic detector progress LA – “accordion” for high speed operation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 1
SLHC and CMSSLHC and CMS
LHC Upgrades
Dan Green
US CMS Program Manager
Fermilab
October 6, 2004
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 2
OutlineOutline
SLHC – Upgrades and “Reach”
CMS and US CMS Collaborations
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 3
LHC Detector InnovationsLHC Detector InnovationsLHC challenges have led to dramatic detector progressLA – “accordion” for high speed operationPbWO4 – fast crystal calorimetry, radiation resistant.Muon Toroids – precision momentum over an enormous volume.All silicon tracking – 200 m2
Silicon pixels at p-p colliders for b tagging.DSM electronics – radiation hardOptical data transfers – fast, hermetic.
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 4
Evolution of LHC luminosityEvolution of LHC luminosity
Install upgrade here
When do you upgrade the LHC and expts?
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 5
Mass Reach vs L - SLHCMass Reach vs L - SLHC
1032
1033
1034
1035
103
104
Luminosity(/cm2sec)
MZ'
(Ge
V)
N=100 Events, Z' Coupling
2 TeV 14 TeV 28 TeV 100 TeV
In general mass reach is increased by ~ 1.5 TeV for Z’, heavy SUSY squarks or gluinos or extra dimension mass scales. A ~ 20% measurement of the HHH coupling is possible for Higgs masses < 200 GeV. However, to realize these improvements we need to maintain the capabilities of the LHC detectors.
VLHC
LHC
TevatronAt 1032 reach is already 2 TeV
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 6
KinematicsKinematics
Heavy States decay at wide angles. For example Z’ of 1 and 5 TeV decaying into light pairs. Therefore, for these states we will concentrate on wide angle detectors.
1 TeV5 TeV
/d dy
barrel y barrel
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 7
Higgs Self Coupling Higgs Self Coupling Baur, Plehn, Rainwater HH W+ W- W+ W- jj jj
Find the Higgs? If the H mass is known, then the SM H potential is completely known HH prediction. If H is found, measure self-couplings, but ultimately SLHC is needed. The plan is for 10x increase in luminosity ~ 2013. Given the needed R&D time, work on the new detectors needed for the SLHC must start very soon.
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 8
Detector EnvironmentDetector Environment
LHC SLHC
s 14 TeV 14 TeVL 1034 1035
100 1000
Bunch spacing dt 25 ns 12.5 ns
N( interactions/x-ing) ~ 12 ~ 62 dNch/d per x-ing ~ 75 ~ 375
Tracker occupancy 1 5Pile-up noise 1 ~2.2Dose central region 1 10
Bunch spacing reduced 2x. Interactions/crossing increased 5 x. Pileup noise increased by 2.2x if crossings are time resolvable. Tenfold L increase comes from dt, *, and p/bunch.
2/( sec)cm 2/( sec)cm 1 /fb yr 1 /fb yr
Ldt
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 9
Heavy Ion ProgramHeavy Ion Program
In heavy ion (HI) runs the particle density is ~ 5000 for Pb-Pb. Good study for detector “headroom” w.r.t. SLHC.
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 10
HI – Tracker StudyHI – Tracker Study
|| < 0.7
Efficiency Fakes
The CMS tracker has sufficient headroom to operate in the HI environment.
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 11
Tracker – Ionizing DoseTracker – Ionizing DoseThe ionizing dose due to charged particles is:
The dose depends only on luminosity, r, and exposure time .
For example, at r = 20 cm, the dose is ~3 Mrad/yr – ignoring “loopers”, interactions, …. “naïve” expectation.
2[ / ( ' )] /[2 ]I c mipID dE d x r
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 12
Tracker ID vs. RadiusTracker ID vs. Radius
100
101
102
103
10-1
100
101
102
103 Ionizing Dose in Tracker for 10 35 L and 1 Year
r(cm)
Dos
e(M
rad)
naive
1 2 3
Define 3 regions. With 10x increase in L, need a ~ 3x change in radius to preserve an existing technology.
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 13
Crossing ID: CMS HB Pulse Shape Crossing ID: CMS HB Pulse Shape
100 GeV electrons. 25ns bins. Average pulse shape, phased +1ns to LHC clock. Bunch ID at 12.5 nsec OK
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 14
HI - Jet ReconstructionHI - Jet Reconstruction
Full jet reconstruction in central Pb-Pb collision HIJING, dNch/dy = 5000HIJING, dNch/dy = 5000
Efficiency, purity Measured jet energy Jet energy resolution
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 15
ECAL – Shower DoseECAL – Shower DoseThe dose in ECAL is ~ due to photon showers and is:
In the barrel, SD is ~ . In the endcap, SD ~
At r = 1.2 m, for Pb with Ec = 7.4 MeV, the dose at y=0 is 3.3 Mrad/yr, at |y|=1.5 it is 7.8 Mrad/yr.
2sin[ / ( ' )] [
s
/ ] /[2 ]
( / 2)[ / ]in
I o mip T c
T c
SD dE d x p E
ID p
r
E
2/[ sin ]r 32 2 3/[ ] ~ ( / )z z e
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 16
HCAL and ECAL DoseHCAL and ECAL Dose
0 1 2 3 4 510
-2
10-1
100
101
102
103 Dose in ECAL and HCAL for L = 1035 and One Year
Dos
e(M
rad)
Barrel doses are not a problem. For the endcaps a technology change may be needed for 2 < |y| < 3 for the CMS HCAL. Switch to quartz fiber as in HF?
naive
ecal
hcal
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 17
HCAL - CoverageHCAL - Coverage
VBF and “tag” jets are important for calorimetry. Reduced forward coverage to compensate for 10x L is not too damaging to “tag jet” efficiency, SD ~ 1/3 ~ e3
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 18
Muons and ShieldingMuons and ShieldingThere is factor ~ 5 in headroom at design L. With added shielding, dose rates can be kept constant if angular coverage goes from |y|<2.4 to |y|<2.
2/( sec)n cm
r
r
z
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 19
L1 Trigger at 10L1 Trigger at 103535 ? ?Muons are ~ clean. Issue of low momentum muons from b jets. Jets are ~ clean. ECAL jets are mostly “garbage” need tracker to make big L1 improvements. Rutherford scattering ~ 1/PT
3 at low momentumSimply scale thresholds? Or migrate Tracking into L1 trigger at the SLHC.
L = 1034 L = 1035
20 GeV 40 GeV
5 7.5
J 250 540
J*MET 113*70 170*100
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 20
Summary and ConclusionsSummary and ConclusionsLHC experiments are designed for discovery at the new energy frontier
The detectors are nearing completion and commissioning has begun
Discoveries will come early because energy matters. The experiments must be ready on day one.
It is not just the quick discovery. With the SLHC the program (new spectroscopy ?) at the energy frontier will span decades.
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 21
The CMS CollaborationThe CMS Collaboration
1976 Physicists and Engineers 36 Countries 153 Institutions
Slovak Republic
CERN
France
Italy
UK
Switzerland
USA
Austria
Finland
Greece
Hungary
Belgium
Poland
Portugal
SpainPakistan
Georgia
Armenia
UkraineUzbekistan
CyprusCroatia
China, PR
TurkeyBelarus
EstoniaIndia
Germany
Korea
Russia
Bulgaria
China (Taiwan)
Iran
Serbia
New-Zealand
Brazil
Ireland
1005
528
443
1976
Member States
Non-Member States
Total
USA
Number ofScientists
59
38
153
Member States
Total
USA
56Non-Member States
Number ofLaboratories
Associated Institutes
Number of ScientistsNumber of Laboratories
7310
April, 05 2004/gmhttp://cmsdoc.cern.ch/pictures/cmsorg/overview.html
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 22
CMS – SC and MBCMS – SC and MB
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 23
US CMS – 38 +1 GroupsUS CMS – 38 +1 GroupsPhysicists - PD + Faculty, 282 Total
Boston University
University of California, Davis
University of California, LosAngelesUniversity of California,RiversideUniversity of California, SanDiegoUniversity of California, SantaBarbaraCalifornia Institute ofTechnologyCarnegie Mellon University
Fairfield University
Fermi National AcceleratorLaboratoryUniversity of Florida
Florida InternationalUniversityFlorida State University
Florida Institute ofTechnologyUniversity of Illinois atChicagoUniversity of Iowa
Iowa State University
Johns Hopkins University
University of Kansas
Kansas State University
University of Maryland
Massachusetts Institute ofTechnologyUniversity of Minnesota
University of Mississippi
University of Nebraska-LincolnNortheastern University
Northwestern University
University of Notre Dame
Ohio State University
Princeton University
Purdue University
Rice University
University of Rochester
Rutgers University
Texas Tech University
Virginia Polytechnic Instituteand State UniversityUniversity of Wisconsin
Yale University
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 24
US CMS GroupsUS CMS Groups
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 25
PMP – L2 ManagersPMP – L2 Managers
Fiscal Authority
Policy & reporting
Liaison
Fermilab Deputy Director
HCAL L2M
ECAL L2M
TRIG L2M
EMU L2M
FPIX L2M
Outreach IB
HCAL IB
DAQ IB
TRIG IB
EMU IB
FPIX IB
US CMS Advisory Board
US CMS Collaboration Board
US CMS Collaboration Board Chair
US CMS Project Office
(Fermilab)
Project Manager -Deputy Project Manager -Budget Officer -Resource Manager -Administrative Support
Education Outreach
US CMS NSF Project Office (Northeastern Univ.)
NSF Administrator (PI) - Admin. Support
SiTrkr L2M
DAQ L2M
ECAL IB
SiTrkr IB
US CMS CERN Project Office CERN Administrator
Com Proj L2M
Project Management
Group
DOE/NSF Joint Oversight
Group ---------------------------------
U.S. LHC Program ---------------------------------
U.S. LHC Project
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 26
WBS for US CMS WBS for US CMS
WBS 5.-FPIX(NW)
WBS 4.-ECAL(UMinn)
WBS 1. -EMU(UW)
WBS -2.HCAL(UM)
WS 6.-CP
(UW,FNAL)
WBS 3.-
Trigger (UW)
DAQ(FNAL)
1. Endcap Muon -Cathode Strip Chambers
2. Hadron Calorimeter - full HB, HOB, HE and HF transducers and readout.-HE scint, HF QP fibers
3.Endcap muon and calorimeter trigger. DAQ filter
4. Electromagnetic Calorimeter - barrel transducers, front end electronics, and laser monitor
5. Forward pixels
6. Common Projects - endcap yoke, barrel cryostat and superconductor
7. Project office
8. Si Tracker – full TOBWBS 8. -Si Trkr(UCSB)
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 27
One Page SummaryOne Page Summary
WBS schedule saturates BA – go as fast as possible. Initial contingency level was 43 %. TPC is capped. Lag in work performed (reporting?) and in actuals (delayed invoicing). Close completed tasks after 1 year.
US CMS Detector Project
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Se
p-9
6
Se
p-9
7
Se
p-9
8
Se
p-9
9
Se
p-0
0
Se
p-0
1
Se
p-0
2
Se
p-0
3
Se
p-0
4
Se
p-0
5
AY
M$
BCWS
BCWP
ACWP
EAC
TPC
BA
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 28
HEPAP Survey – Ramp UpHEPAP Survey – Ramp Up
US CMS Survey
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 >FY07
FT
E
Grad Students
Postdocs
Faculty
CERN – US CMS #
= faculty + PD
(total interest not FTE)
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 29
CMS - USC 55CMS - USC 55
13 April 2004 – USC55 Cavern
Delivery estimatedfor 1 June 2004. Can be accommodated in v34.0 leading to ready for crates on 15 Jul 2005.
3 shifts runningunderground withup to 200 workers
Contractors areanxious to finishpt 5 work asap.
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 30
CMS - Experimental CavernsCMS - Experimental Caverns
Experiment: UXC55 ready July 04
Service : USC55 ready Jan 04
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 31
CMS – Si TrackerCMS – Si Tracker
Layer 4&1 Backward
All TIB layers completed: L1, L2, L3 and L4 (F/B).Surveyed TIB layers: L1B and L4F/B.Layer 3 Proto: ready for module integration.
Layer 4&3 Forward
Layer 3 Proto ready
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 32
Dipole InstallationDipole Installation
Jan., 2004
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 33
US LHC - IR QuadUS LHC - IR Quad
US involved in next generation (SLHC) low quads
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 34
CMS: 1CMS: 1stst Coil Module at CERN-SX5 Coil Module at CERN-SX5
World’s largest electro-magnet. 4T field. Calorimetry is inside.
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 35
SX5 and Pit-head Cover SX5 and Pit-head Cover
cover completecover complete
first closing testfirst closing testlater this month.later this month.
SX5 Jura wallSX5 Jura wallremoval this removal this summer summer
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 36
Mass “Reach” and LMass “Reach” and LThe number of Z’ detected in leptonic decays is:
For , if N = 100 is discovery level then M ~ 5.3 TeV is ~ the mass “reach” in 1 year (M=4 -> 5.3 TeV).
The leptons will be sharply limited to low |y| or large angles (“barrel”).
2
/
2{ [ } ( )( ) [ /8 ]( )]x M sW xu x xu x MN B e e y
11[ ( ) ( )] 0.36 (1 )xu x xu x x x
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 37
HI TrackingHI Tracking
Match Reconstructed tracks to MC input on a hit by hit basis.
(Event sample: dn/dy ~3000 + one 100GeV Jet/Event)
pT/pT < 1%
|| < 0.7
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 38
The Algorithm – HI TrackingThe Algorithm – HI TrackingAdapted from default p+p reconstruction.
Based on Kalman Filter (ORCA_6_3_0) Modifications to the p+p Algorithm:1) Trajectory Seed Generation
Three pixel hit combinations compatible with primary event vertex
2) Trajectory BuildingSpecial error assignment to merged hits
3) Trajectory cleaningAllow only one track per trajectory seed
4) Trajectory Smoothing Final fit with split stereo layers
Code is currently frozen and prepared for release
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 39
HI, dN/dy ~5000HI, dN/dy ~5000
Charged particle spectra can be reconstructed for pT>1GeV (“loopers” are lost)
Lower cutoff possible with reduced field
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 40
Preparing for the PhysicsPreparing for the PhysicsTest beam work continues – calibration, low momentumOptical alignment, construction constants – databasesTrigger and DAQ studies at low and high luminosity.Initial physics run studies with 10 fb-1 - LHC Symposium.Grid Computing – hierarchical structure, Tier 0 – Tier 1 and Tier 2.Core Computing and SoftwareData Challenges – incremental, DC04 = 25% bandwidth
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 41
US CMSUS CMS387 Members from 38 Institutions387 Members from 38 Institutions
US CMSUS CMS387 Members from 38 Institutions387 Members from 38 Institutions
US is the single largest national group in CMS. US is distributed widely over universities in CMS. There are 50 distinct groups working on US CMS L2 subsystems.
SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 42
US LHC Construction ProjectsUS LHC Construction Projects
The 531 M$ investment in US LHC construction has been wisely used. The Projects are on schedule (for 2005 ~ completion) and on budget. Next step is to use the time before 2007 to prepare for the physics – commissioning and preops in SX5 – more “slice” tests.
US CMS - Total Cost and Scheduled Cost
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Sep
-96
Sep
-97
Sep
-98
Sep
-99
Sep
-00
Sep
-01
Sep
-02
Sep
-03
Sep
-04
Sep
-05
AY
(M$) Scheduled
Total