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Slide 1 of 28
Chemistry 19.4
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 2 of 28
Neutralization Reactions
Excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach can cause heartburn and a feeling of nausea. Antacids neutralize the stomach acid and relieve the pain of acid indigestion. You will learn what a neutralization reaction is.
19.4
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Neutralization Reactions >
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Acid-Base Reactions
Acid-Base Reactions
What are the products of the reaction of an acid with a base?
19.4
Slide 4 of 28
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Neutralization Reactions > Acid-Base Reactions
In general, the reaction of an acid with a base produces water and one of a class of compounds called salts.
19.4
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Neutralization Reactions > Acid-Base Reactions
Reactions in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water are generally called neutralization reactions.
19.4
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Neutralization Reactions > Acid-Base Reactions19.4
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Neutralization Reactions >
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Titration
Titration
What is the endpoint of a titration?
19.4
Slide 8 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Neutralization Reactions > Titration
The process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution is called titration.
The point of neutralization is the end point of the titration.
19.4
Slide 9 of 28
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Neutralization Reactions > Titration
When an acid and base are mixed, the equivalence point is when the number of moles of hydrogen ions equals the number of moles of hydroxide ions.
19.4
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
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19.6
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
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19.6
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
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19.6
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
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19.6
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Slide 14 of 28
Practice Problems for Sample Problem 19.6
Problem Solving 19.30
Solve Problem 30 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
Slide 15 of 28
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Neutralization Reactions > Titration
The solution of known concentration is called the standard solution.
• Indicators are often used to determine when enough of the standard solution has been added to neutralize the acid or base.
• The point at which the indicator changes color is the end point of the titration.
19.4
Slide 16 of 28
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Neutralization Reactions > Titration
Acid solution with indicator
Added base is measured with a buret.
Color change shows neutralization.
19.4
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Slide 17 of 28
Neutralization Reactions > Titration
Simulation 26
Simulate the titration of several acids and bases and observe patterns in the pH at equivalence.
Slide 18 of 28
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Neutralization Reactions > Titration19.4
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 19 of 28
19.7
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
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19.7
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
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19.7
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
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19.7
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 23 of 28
Practice Problems for Sample Problem 19.7
Problem Solving 19.33
Solve Problem 33 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 24 of 28
Section Quiz
-or-Continue to: Launch:
Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section
19.4 Section Quiz.
19.4.
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Slide 25 of 28
19.4 Section Quiz
1. When a neutralization takes place, one of the products is always
a. carbon dioxide.
b. a salt.
c. sodium chloride.
d. a precipitate.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 26 of 28
2. In a titration, 45.0 mL of KOH is neutralized by 75.0 mL of 0.30M HBr. What is the concentration of the KOH solution?
a. 0.18M
b. 0.60M
c. 0.25M
d. 0.50M
19.4 Section Quiz
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 27 of 28
3. How many moles of HCl are required to neutralize an aqueous solution of 2.0 mol Ca(OH)2?
a. 0.5 mol
b. 1.0 mol
c. 2.0 mol
d. 4.0 mol
19.4 Section Quiz
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 28 of 28
19.4 Section Quiz
4. In which of the following neutralization titrations of 1-molar solutions of H2SO4 and NaOH will the equivalence point be reached at the very end of the additions?
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(aq)
a. 200 mL of H2SO4 is slowly added to 100 mL of NaOH
b. 200 mL of H2SO4 is slowly added to 200 mL of NaOH
c. 100 mL of H2SO4 is slowly added to 200 mL of NaOH
d. 100 mL of H2SO4 is slowly added to 100 mL of NaOH
END OF SHOW