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D isagreestrongly
D isagreea little
Neither agreenor disagree
Agreea little
AgreeStrongly
1 2 3 4 5
1) Is depressed, blue
2) Is not relaxed, does not handle stress well
3) Can be tense
D isagreestrongly
D isagreea little
Neither agreenor disagree
Agreea little
AgreeStrongly
1 2 3 4 5
4) Worries a lot
5) Is easily upset
Neuroticism Raw Score
• Add your answers– Your score can range between 5- 25
• What does your score mean?
• Note: It is meaningless unless you know how others scored
12 13 9 15 18 18 13 7
16 8 22 15 19 15 9 14
16 10 6 16 14 20 17 13
12 15 15 17 16 11 24 20
19 15 14 24 22 17 21 14
Simple Frequency Distribution
1) Find the highest and lowest scores
2) Write in descending order all the numbers from 24 to 6
Simple Frequency Distribution
3) Start with the number in the upper-left corner, draw a line under it, and place a tally mark in the frequency distribution
4) Do this with all the data
5) Count the number a tally marks
Neuroticism Score
f Neuroticism Score
f
24 2 14 4
23 0 13 3
22 2 12 2
21 1 11 1
20 2 10 1
19 2 9 2
18 2 8 1
17 3 7 1
16 4 6 1
15 6 N = 40
Group Frequency Distribution
• Scores are grouped into equal-sized ranges called “class intervals”
• Usually want around 10 class intervals
Class Interval
Midpoint f
25-23 24 2
22-20 21 5
19-17 18 7
16-14 15 14
13-11 12 6
10-8 9 4
7-5 6 2
Practice
Book page 29
# 2.1 (women)
# 2.3
Height f Height f
72 1 64 9
71 0 63 5
70 1 62 5
69 2 61 3
68 0 60 1
67 5 59 1
66 6
65 11 64
Temp f Temp f
99.3-99.5 3 96.9-97.1 2
99.0-99.2 2 96.6-96.8 0
98.7-98.9 6 96.3-96.5 1
98.4-98.6 5
98.1-98.3 6
97.8-98.0 10
97.5-97.7 2
97.2-97.4 364
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Warmth
Nu
mb
er o
f p
artn
ers
One minute continuous lip kissing
Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
Sexual intercourse
Graphic Presentation of Data
• Basic parts of a graph
X axis
Y a
xis
Frequency Polygon
• Graphs quantitative data
• Neuroticism data
Class Interval
Midpoint f
25-23 24 2
22-20 21 5
19-17 18 7
16-14 15 14
13-11 12 6
10-8 9 4
7-5 6 2
Frequency Polygon
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Frequency Polygon
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Frequency Polygon
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Frequency Polygon
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Frequency Polygon
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Frequency Polygon
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Histogram
• Used to graph quantitative data
• Just like a frequency polygon, except it uses bars instead of lines
Histogram
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Histogram
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Histogram
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Histogram
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Histogram
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Histogram
0
24
68
10
1214
16
6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Neuroticism
Fre
qu
ency
Describing Distributions
• Bell-shaped distribution
Describing Distributions
Describing Distributions
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Happiness Score
Fre
quen
cy
Bar Graph
• Used to present frequencies of qualitative variables
• Looks like a histograph
• Each bar represents one category
Bar Graph
Major f
Psychology 25
History 10
Math 14
Biology 5
Sociology 20
Bar Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Psychology History Math Biology Sociology
Major
Fre
quen
cy
Bar Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Psychology History Math Biology Sociology
Major
Fre
quen
cy
Bar Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Psychology Sociology Math History Biology
Major
Fre
quen
cy
Bar Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Biology History Math Psychology Sociology
Major
Fre
quen
cy
Line Graph
• A picture of a relationship between two variables
• Each point represents the value of the Y variable that goes with the corresponding X variable
Line Graph
Subject Neuroticism Happiness Greg 20 3 Bobby 17 7 Peter 8 9 Marsha 22 2 Jan 15 8 Cindy 12 5
Line Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10
Happiness Score
Neu
roti
cism
Sco
re
Line Graph
Subject Neuroticism Y
Happiness X
Greg 20 3 Bobby 17 7 Peter 8 9 Marsha 22 2 Jan 15 8 Cindy 12 5
Put subjects in order using your X axis
Line Graph
Subject Neuroticism Y
Happiness X
Marsha 22 2 Greg 20 3 Cindy 12 5 Bobby 17 7 Jan 15 8 Peter 8 9
Line Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10
Happiness Score
Neu
roti
cism
Sco
re
Marsha: N=22; H=2
Line Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10
Happiness Score
Neu
roti
cism
Sco
re
Greg: N=20; H=3
Line Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10
Happiness Score
Neu
roti
cism
Sco
re
Cindy: N=12; H=5
Line Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10
Happiness Score
Neu
roti
cism
Sco
re Bobby: N=17; H=7
Line Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10
Happiness Score
Neu
roti
cism
Sco
re
Jan: N=15; H=8
Line Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10
Happiness Score
Neu
roti
cism
Sco
re
Peter: N=8; H=9
Line Graph
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10
Happiness Score
Neu
roti
cism
Sco
re
02468
101214161820
8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38
Neuroticism Score
Fre
quen
cy
What is the meaning of the number 14 on the x-axis?
What is the meaning of the number 14 on the y-axis?
How many people had a score of 11? How about 23?
What type of graph is this? What is its distribution?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Male Female Did not say
Gender
f
What is the meaning of the number 20 on the y-axis?
How many males and females are in the course?
What type of graph is this?
What scale does the x axis use? The y axis?
Trick Question: What type of distribution is this?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 2 4 6 8 10
Number of times person talks
Ext
rave
rsio
n Sc
ore
What is the meaning of the number 10 on the x-axis?
What is the meaning of the number 10 on the y-axis?
What type of graph is this?
Trick Question: What type of distribution is this?
ClassInterval
f
46-50 3
41-45 2
36-40 4
31-35 7
26-30 10
21-25 14
16-20 15
11-15 14
6-10 6
1-5 4
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48
Happiness Score
f
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48
Happiness Score
f
Practice
• Page 38
• #2.12
