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Smart specialisation as a driver for strategic cluster policiesRIS3 ECA Workshop:
“Clusters new trends and their challenges for implementing RIS3” 22 June, Brussels
Jan Larosse, Department Economy-Science-Innovation, Flemish Government
Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
Overview
An argument in three steps:
1.The OECD Project on smart specialisation: a new policy approach Main features: clusters are key components in S3 First conclusions
2.The evolution of cluster policies in Flanders: a new strategy Recent changes: cluster policy becomes core of new industrial policy The role of OECD ‘action studies’ in our policy development
3.Cluster policies in times of structural change: a paradigm shift? S3 in the context of the financial-economic crisis New challenges for cluster policies
Cluster policies and cluster management need to develop new strategic capacities to play their role in the governance of
transformation of the present growth model
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Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
1. OECD Project: ‘Smart specialisation for innovation-driven growth’
• The OECD started June 2011 the first integrated policy learning project to support design and assessment of strategies for smart specialisation (in cooperation with DG Regio & IPTS)Basic structure:
1. ‘Base-line’: develop evidence-based strategic intelligence to assess present specialisations and priorities (measurement)
2. ‘Beyond the base-line’: design discovery driven strategy processes to enable future
choices (case-studies)
• Objectives Manageable and consistent policy tool box for policy makers (OECD Innovation Policy
Platform) Policy recommendations to use smart specialisation for leveraging smart growth
• Key Concepts Smart specialisation is largely about the policy process to select and prioritise fields or
areas where a cluster of activities should be developed: let entrepreneurs discover the right domains of future specialisations (‘an entrepreneurial discovery process’)
‘Regional development’ holds a central place, but takes an international viewpoint of discovering comparative advantages (= ‘open’ regional innovation system)
What is smart? A knowledge-based, interactive and pro-active strategy development
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Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
Structure and Expected results
PART 1: What is the Baseline ? PART 2: Beyond the Baseline ?
Governance Templatesfor (self)-assessiment of capacities in priority setting, participatory processes,
strategic intelligence.
Case-studiesfor comparative policy learning on smart/interactive strategy development as
an ‘entrepreneurial discovery process‘
Indicator-based Specialisation Profilesfor strategic monitoring of international comparitive advantage
(in science, technology, employment, export)
Policy synthesison the role of smart specialisation as a new policy approach for co-creation of
‘direction’ in the transformation of the economy
Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
Case-studies Joined later: Slovenia, Tcheque Republic
AustraliaRural research and
Development activity
South KoreaPhotonics Industry
PolandLow-tech
manufacturing sectors
Spain Aerospace
Regional industrial policy
FinlandCross-cutting competences
and lead markets
TurkeyAutomotive sectorUK
Low Carbon Vehicles
The NetherlandsMulti-level governance
BelgiumNano for Health
Sustainable Chemistry
AustriaRegional policy mixes
Multi-governance
GermanyInter-regional
innovation strategy
Lead countries (Case-studies + final report)
Participants : 13C – 16 regions -17 CS
EstoniaCzech Republic
Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
Example of an economic specialisation profile: mature industries in Flanders
Source: OECD project Smart specialisation in global value chains (ECOOM)
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Even these simple spider graphs can trigger other ‘stories’ and inspire new strategic decion frameworks
Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
Preliminary findings
OECD has a role in setting ‘standards’ to accelerate conceptual and policy development and support policy makers with a ‘toolbox’ of indicators en guidelines:
1.Smart specialisation is a policy approach for prioritisation of (public) RD&I investments in times of hard budget constraint and structural change.= 4-Cs
1. CHOICES
2. COLLABORATION / CONNECTIVITY / CROSS-FERTILISATION
3. COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, capitalising on COMPLEMENTARITY in value chains
4. CHALLENGES
2.Smart Specialisation Strategies are developed in a multi-actor and multi-level policy environment= Clusters (as nodes in global value-chains) are the engine
3.Strategic governance has to be adapted to the climate of uncertainty in decentralised decision environments= Discovery process, aided by shared strategic intelligence & supporting methodologies for co-creation of shared visions, road maps,
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Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
S3 are co-created at different decision levels
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Choice process
• Actor Level
Collaboration• Cluster Level
Competitve Advantage
• Regional Level
Challenges• International Level
The 4 C-s
Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
SMART SPECIALISATIONS: where to ‘discover’ them?
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DEMAND-SIDE
SUPPLY-SIDE
SOCIETAL
CHALLENGES
Norms & Standards Public procurement
LEAD-MARKETS
MISSIONS
Education/R&D/ Training
INTERNATIONAL COMPETENCE CENTRES
comparative advantages
combing strong local competences
SMART SPECIALISATIONS
in innovation crossroads with future value chains
POLICYMIX
Smart Specialisation is focussing local competences on gobal challenges
Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY: focus on lead-clusters
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DEMAND-SIDE
SUPPLY-SIDE
SOCIETAL
CHALLENGES
Norms & Standards Public procurement
LEAD-MARKETS
Value Chain Development
Products Solutions Systemen
INTEGRATION
MISSIONS
Education/R&D/ Training
INTERNATIONAL COMPETENCE CENTRES
comparative advantages
combing strong local competences
SMART SPECIALISATIONS
in innovation crossroads with future value chains
LOCAL ATTRACTIVINESS
Open Innovation
Competence Development
POLICYMIX
LEAD CLUSTERS
INCENTIVES
GOVERNANCE
CLUSTER
PLATFORMS
…Therefore smart specialisation is embodied by innovation clusters as unique local eco-systems in global value chains.
Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
Catalysing role of strategic intelligence
• Shared visions
• Common Road Maps
• Specialisation profilesto help identifycomparative advantages(evidence-based)
• Promote clusters with uniqueeco-systems that exploit thepositive sum game of open innovation
• Giving a role to all regions
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Smart Specialisation Strategy
Eco-system design
Road Maps
Specialisation
Profiles
Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
2. Recent evolutions in Flanders cluster policies
• Flanders has a tradition of strong bottom-up S&T policy: selection only on quality standards (‘excellence’ and ‘ROI’), but no clear thematic or sectoral priorities
• But history has created specialisation patterns! Often institutionalised (strong strategic research centres) or evolved from FDI (decided by multinationals).
• Smart specialisation approach can catalyse change process: recognise the entrenched priorities (historic strengths that are not always strengths anymore)
• It is a process approach, not a mechanism for top-down choice policy.
The bottleneck = strategic capacity (strategic cluster platforms!)
• S3 in Flanders = no strong ex ante choices but a commitment to travel the road of transformation by targeted innovation
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Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
‘Innovation Crossroads’: challenge driven innovation policy
‘Innovation Centre Flanders’, concept note adopted by Flemish Government on May 27th 2011•Societal challenges recognised as driver of a new innovation strategy•Departure from a purely bottom-up research and innovation policy•Six ‘innovation crossroads’ are identified for the development of specific innovation strategies
Eco-innovation Green energy Sustainable mobbility and logistics Innovation in care Social Innovation Industrial transformation (specified for core sectors)
•‘Innovation crossroads’ are a space where interdisciplinary research and open innovation can contribute to societal and economic value creation.•‘Innovation Direction Groups’ are assigned by the Minister to advise on such strategies (ongoing)
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Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
Transformation processes: core of New Industrial Policy
‘White Paper New Industrial Policy’, adopted by Flemish Government on May 27th 2011:
•Action Plan with 50 Actions in economy-innovation-work policy for a ‘new productivity offensive’, ‘Factory of the Future’ and ‘system innovation’
Round Tables are organised to elaborate a ‘Strategic Action Plan’ for transformation in (ready) sectors.
‘Transformation strategies’ are based on value chains, clustersand grand projects (cross-sectoral)
New arrangements for policy coordination are gradually put in place
•A targeted cluster policy will be developed (advised by an Industry Council). ‘Smart specialisation’ is adopted as a reference.This is a ‘discovery process’! Strong bottom-up drive.•Frontrunner: FISCH (Flanders Initiative for Sustainable Chemistry) From 2007 onwards the sector federation developed a transformation strategy, supported by a broad mobilisation (more than 700 participants), in 3 parts: a strategic research programme on renewable materials and process intensification; open innovation infrastructures; new business models (e.g. chemical leasing) and sustainability criteria. Recent establishment of Transformation and Innovation Platform as cluster organisation (€5mln/y) that elaborates the road maps further.
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Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
A three steps entrepreneurial discovery process
1.Visioning: with focus on societal challenges (transition management / starting experiments) in Transition Arenas / Flanders in Action
2.Strategy development: with focus on transformation by innovation (strategies within the 6 innovation hubs)in Innovation Direction Groups
3.Action plan: with focus on investment projects in consortia driven by frontrunners(promoted in Round Tables and Transformation and Innovation Platforms)
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Vision
Strategy
Action Plan
Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
Smart Specialistion case-studies Flanders(OECD-TIP project on smart specialisation in global value chains)
Action Learning= simultanious policy learning and policy development
Two transformation cases that benefit from a smart specialisation approach:
Case 1: Sustainable Chemistry Largest petro-chemical cluster in Europe in Flanders; strong links with
food, building e.o. sectors; cross-border links with NL and DE Transition towards bio-based economy, but incomplete science base! How to become a world-class cluster in sustainable chemistry? Focus on strategic road mapping for a transition (also cross-border!)
Case 2: Nano-for-Health IMEC: largest independent nano-electronics research institute in Europe;
technology platform for open innovation, but weak industrial cluster. Health: transition towards ‘personalised therapy’ How to leverage this technology platform for these new application areas? Focus on the management of an emerging eco-system (cross-border!)
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Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
3. Conclusions for cluster policy
• Clusters are change agents! No lobby organisations or disguised sector organisations Locus for choice processes linked with innovation & entrepreneurship!
= smart specialisation
• Pitfalls of ‘steady-state’ cluster policies Lock-in! / The ‘average’ member as a reference Dispersion: small-scale; fragmentation and duplication Focus on cooperation between cluster organisations is not enough
• Transition towards a strategic approach towards regional strengths Frontrunners in the drivers’ seat for a pro-active & interactive strategy New methods and personnel in cluster management (road mapping) Need for competition in cluster models (Spitzen cluster competition?)
Smart specialisation is a policy approach for a new generation of cluster policies
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Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
Three stage cluster development
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‘Two-stage gate keeping’ policies for cluster development?
GENERIC CLUSTER POLICIES TARGETED CLUSTER POLICIES
Flemish government | Department of Economy, Science and Innovation
Impact of S3 on cluster management
• Take smart specialisation as an opportunity to enhance change management in cluster strategies.
• Transformation pressure is not the same for all. Different smart specialisation strategies: modernisation, diversification, transition, radical foundation. Consider what is the appropriate governance.
• Smart specialisation introduces the international positioning as a selective environment for own priorities, to challenge present distribution of priorities. Outward looking strategy
• Align these strategies with common road maps at EU-level. • Use cross-border linkages to complete/complement the regional
clusters and gain critical mass. Focus on lead-clusters.• Network clusters in GVC and in European knowledge base for
common challenges (see Nano for Health network)
S3 = ‘specialisation’ (focus on strengths), enhanced by strategic capacity and intelligence to facilitate future choices in cluster organisations
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Further questions? Please contact me!Thank you
Department of Economy, Science and Innovation (EWI)Koning Albert II-laan 35 box 10, 1030 Brussels
www.ewi-vlaanderen.be | [email protected]@ewi.vlaanderen.be / tel 32-2-5535993