SN4 Question Paper Jan 2009

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Paper Reference(s)

6134/01

Edexcel GCEBiology (Salters-Nuffield)

Advanced

Unit Test 4

Thursday 22 January 2009 Afternoon

Time: 1 hour 15 minutes

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

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Instructions to Candidates

In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) andsignature.Check that you have the correct question paper.Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.If you need to use additional answer sheets, attach them loosely but securely inside this booklet.Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).There are 6 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 60.There are 16 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.

Advice to Candidates

You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions andarguments clearly and logically, taking into account your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1. Three scientists who contributed to the development of theories of evolution are listed

below.

A Darwin

B Lamarck

C Malthus

The list below gives three statements related to theories of evolution.

1 Populations increase rapidly until limited by some factor.

2 Species change by natural selection.

3 Organisms can pass on characteristics developed during their lifetime to their

offspring.

(a) Complete the table below by giving the letter of the scientist mostassociated with

each statement.

Statement Scientist

1

2

3

(3)

(b) Darwin and Lamarck both proposed theories about how evolution may have

happened.

Compare these twotheories.

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(3)


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(c) Give threereasons why the theory of evolution is controversial for some people.

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(3) Q1

(Total 9 marks)


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2. The diagram below shows what happens to electrons during part of the light-dependent

reactions of photosynthesis. Any excited electrons that are not taken up by electroncarriers follow pathway A and release energy as light in a process called fluorescence. The

excited electrons that are taken up by electron carriers follow pathway B.

(a) Name the molecules Xand Yshown on the diagram.

X ...................................................................................................................................

Y ...................................................................................................................................(2)

(b) Explain the importance of reduced Y in the process of photosynthesis.

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(3)

energy

alternative electron pathways

electron pathways

Key

Fluorescence

Light

Electron carriers

A

B

X

Y

Reduced Y


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(c) A light was shone on a leaf and left switched on.

The graph below shows changes in the amount of light given off as fluorescence by

the leaf.

(i) Suggest an explanation for the increase in fluorescence.

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(2)

(ii) Suggest a reason for the fall in fluorescence.

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(1)

Fluorescence

/arbitrary units

Time since light switched on / seconds

210


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(d) Explain why an inhibitor of carbon dioxide fixation would lead to an increase in

fluorescence.

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(4) Q2

(Total 12 marks)


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3. (a) The following list gives some examples of how immunity can develop in a

mammal.

P Antibodies are transferred into the blood of a baby, from its mother, in the days

before birth.

Q Killer T cells are produced by the body when it is infected by a virus.

R Polio virus, which has been made incapable of replicating, is given to babies to

stimulate the production of memory cells.

S Anti-venom contains antibodies produced in an animal. This anti-venom can be

injected to give protection against snake bite venom.

Complete the table below by writing a letter from the list above to match the type ofimmunity described in each case.

Immunity Active Passive

Natural

Artificial

(4)


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(b) An investigation was carried out into the production of antibodies by lymphocytes.

Combinations of T cells and B cells were grown in four different cultures, W, X, Y

and Z, as shown in the table below. The culture medium was checked for the presence

of antibodies after several days.

Culture T cells present B cells present Antigen present Antibody production

W no

X no

Y no

Z yes

(i) Give twoconclusions about antibody production that can be drawn from these

results.

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(2)

(ii) Explain why no antibodies were produced in cultures X and Y.

Culture X ................................................................................................................

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Culture Y.................................................................................................................

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(2)


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(c) In a rare genetic disorder called Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome (BLS), Major

Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins produced by cells are abnormal. As aresult, T helper cells are unable to function normally and cannot respond to antigen.

Suggest what effect BLS is likely to have on the immune system of people with this

disorder.

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(1)

(d) More than one gene is responsible for the production of MHC proteins. A mutation ofany one of the genes will cause BLS in a person homozygous recessive for the faulty

allele.

Following genetic testing, two people were each found to be heterozygous for the

same two MHC genes. Their genotypes for these two genes can be shown as AaBb.

Draw a genetic diagram to show the probability that a child of this couple will have

BLS.

Probability .................................................

(3) Q3

(Total 12 marks)


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4. The graph below shows changes in the elephant population in parts of Zimbabwe in Africa

over twenty years.

In 1989, elephants were given the highest level of protection by international agreements,

making it illegal to kill them or sell their tusks for ivory anywhere in the world.

(a) Use the graph to describe the effect of protection on the elephant population.

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(2)

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(b) The parts of Zimbabwe surveyed to obtain the data have a total area of 66 000 km2.

It has been estimated that a population of less than 0.5 elephants per km

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leads to anincrease in biodiversity in this area, but more elephants will reduce biodiversity.

(i) Explain what is meant by biodiversity.

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(ii) Use these data and the graph to suggest and explain how elephants are likely to

have affected biodiversity in Zimbabwe after 1990.

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(3)


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(c) The government of Zimbabwe spends large amounts of money protecting elephants,

and they have lost income from the legal sale of ivory.

It wants to manage the elephant population by killing large numbers of animals

(culling). People involved in conservation in other parts of the world say that the

elephant population will regulate itself given enough time and that nothing should be

done.

Suggest reasons why the government of Zimbabwe would prefer to cull elephants,

despite international laws protecting them.

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(4) Q4

(Total 11 marks)


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5. The five kingdom classification system is one of the systems used for classifying living

organisms.

(a) Name the kingdom to which bacteria belong.

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(1)

(b) Give twostructural features found in a bacterium but not found in a virus.

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(c) Some classification systems consider viruses to be living organisms.

Give twofeatures of a virus that it shares with living organisms.

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(2)

(d) There are alternatives to the five kingdom classification system.

Suggest why there is disagreement about how living organisms should be classified.

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(2) Q5

(Total 7 marks)


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6. MRSA is a strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA can survive treatment

with several antibiotics. An infection with MRSA is difficult to treat.

(a) Explain how some strains of bacteria have become able to survive treatment with

antibiotics.

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(b) It is important to use an antibiotic that is effective against specific bacteria.

Describe in outline how you could test the effectiveness of an antibiotic on a specific

bacterium in the laboratory. Include aspects of the method that ensure safe working.

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TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS

END

Q6

(Total 9 marks)


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SN4 Question Paper Jan 2009