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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Snow and Ice Control Environmental Best
Management Practices
Laura Fay, Mehdi Honarvar Nazari, Scott Jungwirth, and Anburaj Muthumani
Western Transportation Institute
Montana State University
August 3, 2015
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Clear Roads & Minnesota Department of Transportation
Technical Advisory Committee
Na Cui, Dave Bergner, and Marie Venner
Acknowledgements
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Overview of WM Operations
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
WM Practices - Plowing
The physical removal of snow from the road using a snowplow
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Sanding
The application of sand, cinders, ash, etc. to improve friction on the roadway.
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Anti-icing
The practice of preventing the formation or development of bonded snow and ice by timely applications of a chemical freezing-point
depressant.
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Deicing
The practice of breaking the bond between snow and ice and the pavement surface through the application of a chemical freezing-point depressant.
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Pre-wetting
The application of liquid to solid material prior to placement on the road surface.
Examples
Salt brine sand
Salt brine rock salt
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Winter Maintenance Products
Sand
Treated sand (sand + 10% salt (s,l)
Chlorides – NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2 (s,l)
Ag-based – beet, corn (l)
Acetates & formates (s,l), glycols (l), and glycerin (l)
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Product Application Rates
Sand – 100 to 1000 lbs/l-m (32°F and colder)
Salt/sand – 400 to 1000 lbs/l-m (32 to 0°F)
NaCl (32 to 15°F)
Solid – 100 to 800 lbs/l-m
Liquid – 10 to 40 gal/l-m
Pre-wet – 8 to 20 gal/l-m
MgCl2 (32 to -5°F) and CaCl2 (32 to -15°F)
Solid – 100 to 500 lbs/l-m
Liquid – 10 to 40 gal/l-m
Pre-wet – 8 to 20 gal/l-m
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Anti-icing
“the snow and ice control practice of preventing the formation or development of bonded snow and ice by timely applications of a chemical freezing-point depressant”
Improves
LOS, mobility, safety
Reduces
Cost, product use, need for abrasives, plowing.
Side benefit of reducing impacts to the environment, infrastructure, and vehicles.
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Pre-Wetting Solid Material
Adding liquids to solid products or abrasives.
Benefits
Eases product management and distribution
Accelerates break-up of snow/ice and enhances melting
Minimizes bounce and scatter, improves performance
Improves longevity on the road = less frequent applications
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Pathways of Deicer Migration off the Roadway
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Impacts of Salt and Chloride Based Deicers
www.witnerservices.net
www.ci.bellevue.wa.us
Photo courtesy of M. Mills
www.clf.org
www.modot.org
www.syracuse.com
www.miissoulanews.bigskypress.com
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Impacts of Sand and Abrasives www.mto.gov.on.ca
www.itd.idaho.gov
www.utah.sierraclub.org
www.thunderbay.ca
www.kcsq.com
$ $ $
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Calibration
Is a must to realize saving gained from investment in new technology
Train how to calibrate and keep records
When to calibrate:
When first acquired,
points throughout a season,
whenever a new material is used,
after repairs,
if there appears to be a discrepancy in material usage.
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Material Storage
All products should be stored in a manner to minimize any loss of product.
Cover and store materials on an impermeable surface.
Use secondary containment for liquids.
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Weather Forecasts and Information Services
Winter maintenance costs decrease as the use of weather information increases.
Accurate and timely forecasts have been shown to save 11–25% (labor) and 4-10% (material), but using a bad forecast can increase costs.
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Post Storm Operations
So there are deicing chemicals and sand out on the road and in the environment, what do we do now…
- Clean it up
- Capture it
- Dispose of it
ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Summary of Environmental BMPs for
Snow and Ice Control
Regulate the application of snow and ice control materials to prevent over application.
Use specialized equipment to apply the right amount, in the right place, at the right time.
Use the appropriate snow and ice control materials for the given conditions.
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Cover and store snow and ice control materials on an impermeable surface, secondary containment for liquids.
Calibrate equipment.
Train operators in proper application, calibration, and cleaning procedures.
Use “good housekeeping” – clean, organized, and well maintained.
Summary of Environmental BMPs for
Snow and Ice Control
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Deliver the right type & amount of materials in the right location at the right time.
Improves -> effectiveness & efficiency
Reduces -> material usage, costs, environmental footprint.
The Triple Bottom Line
For WM = Balancing LOS versus sustainability.
Conclusions
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Questions?
Laura Fay
406.600.5777
Thank you
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ISSAEST, Fairbanks, AK, USA, August 2-5, 2015
Snow and Ice Control Environmental Best Management Practices Manual *Available in the next few months at www.clearroads.org.
NCHRP Synthesis 449 Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Roadway Deicers on the Natural Environment (http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_syn_449.pdf)
NCHRP 25-25(04) Revised Chapter 8 Winter Operations and Salt, Sand and Chemical Management (http://environment.transportation.org/environmental_issues/construct_maint_prac/compendium/manual/8_0.aspx)
NCHRP Toxicity of Chloride Based Deicers on the Natural Environment (http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/docs/NCHRP25-25%2886%29_FR.pdf)
Salt Bounce and Scatter Study (https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/Final_ReportNov2012_404228_7.pdf)
Resources
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