1 INTRODUCTION

Wedi Village and Tanjungharjo Village at Kapas District in Bojonegoro Regency has the potential to be Thorny Palm (Salak Fruit) Wedi Agribusiness Centre. There is available salak plantation area for 75 ha and production of salak in 2013 reaching 19,511 quintals.

Thorny Palm of Wedi (Wedi’s Salak fruit) is a hereditary heritage, growing in almost every yard belonging to the community of Wedi Village and Tanjungharjo Village at Kapas District in Bojonegoro Regency. However, Salak Wedi has many obstacles, namely in terms of lack of taste and quality, but the people of Bojonegoro have an entre-preneurial spirit. It is a social capital to support the development of Bojonegoro as Agropolitan Area.

Bourdieu & Wacquant (1992), proposed the defi-nition of social capital as a number of resources, both actual and virtual, that develop because of hav-ing a long-lasting network in institutionalized rela-tionships based on mutual knowledge and recogni-tion. Meanwhile, according to Colemen (1988), social capital consists of two elements, namely vari-ous aspects of social structure, and how social struc-tures can facilitate certain actions of actors in the so-

cial structure. Furthermore Niu et al. (2008), Niu (2009) and Darmasetiawan et al. (2013 advocated that social capital can form the basis of collaboration between organizations within an industry cluster, and change the current paradigm that says competi-tive strategy is the only strategy that can be applied in business, a collaborative strategy, which can facil-itate the development of a business. Social capital can provide benefits to group members, such as in-formation, influence, and control (Sparrowe et al. 2001). The existence of information, influence, and control is needed to build and develop agropolitan area. The development of the agropolitan areas un-dertaken focuses on the growth of micro and local enterprises, rather than macro growth, in line with the research of Anton et al. (2015), on how SMEs in Indonesia can be more competitive.

The growth of the micro and local business can be driven by the entrepreneurial spirit owned by the community. The spirit of entrepreneurship is the en-trepreneurial spirit to work hard by devoting all the capabilities it has, so as to run and achieve business goals optimally (Supriyanto 2012).

Training of tiered entrepreneurship was conduct-ed as an effort to form a new micro business and al-so increase the competence of business actors at

Social capital, tiered entrepreneurship training, and agrotourism development model of Kampung Salak Bojonegoro

Noviaty Kresna Darmasetiawan University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

ABSTRACT: This which was related to social capital in collaboration for the development of an industrial cluster, in which the concept of agropolitan area development inclines on a micro and local scale. The type of research used was qualitative research. The results of the current study were (1) Agropolitan Area Develop-ment Model which is inclined on micro and local scale, which is suitable with the social condition and local potency is empowering people to utilize its potential to increase value; (2) The spirit of entrepreneurship is a social capital to support the people for growing into Agribusiness of Kampung Salak through three things, namely salak agribusiness that has been improved in quality, utilization of living environment and daily, and growth of small micro enterprise (SMEs) in the field of processed salak products and salak agro-tourism sup-port system; (3) Tiered Entrepreneurship Training shall increase the competence of business actors in Kampung Salak in accordance with the level of business owned.

Keywords: Social Capital, Collaboration, Tiered Entrepreneurship Training, Agro-tourism Development

23Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 18615th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2018)

middle and advanced levels. Training is a short-term educational process that uses systematic and orga-nized procedures (Sikula 2016) to improve knowledge and skills (Mathis & Jackson 2002).

The research questions proposed in this research are: (1) How is the model of Agropolitan Area de-velopment that is inclined on the micro and local scale, and in accordance with the social condition and local potency contained in Wedi and Tanjungharjo Village at Kapas District in Bojonegoro Regency?; (2) How can entrepreneur-ship spirit be a social capital to support agro-tourism of Salak Village in Bojonegoro?; (3) How does Tiered Entrepreneurship Training support the agro-tourism development model of Salak Village in Bojonegoro?

2 RESEARCH METHODS

The research was a qualitative descriptive research, where the researcher knows the position at the time of data collection in the field, and become the data interpreter (Moleong 2011).

Sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling, which is sampling technique from a data source with a certain consideration. (Sugiyono 2013).

Data collection techniques used in-depth inter-views, the researchers looking for data by interview-ing in depth all the relevant informants consisting of business actors in "Kampung Salak" Wedi Village and Tanjungharjo Village, which related to salak seller, business actor in agro field, and business of processed products. The number of informants is 8 people. In-depth interviews conducted, equipped with observations, namely data collection techniques by observing the attitude of research subjects. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews,

the researchers looking for data by interviewing in

depth all the relevant informants consisting of busi-

ness actors in "Kampung Salak" Wedi Village and

Tanjungharjo Village, which related to salak seller,

business actor in the agro field, and business of pro-

cessed products. The number of informants was 8

people. In-depth interviews conducted, equipped

with observations, namely data collection techniques

by observing the attitude of research subjects. Data analysis techniques used (1) data reduction,

data collected from the field in the form of results in-depth interview and observation, recorded in detail and thorough, then summarized, selected key points, focus on the things that are important and sought the theme and the pattern. After that was done, (2) dis-play data after the data were reduced, then the next

step was to perform the presentation of data. The presentation was done in the form of a brief descrip-tion, making the chart, the relationship between cat-egories, flowchart, in this study used narrative text. And the last step was (3) conclusion drawing/ verifi-cation which was the drawing of conclusions and verification.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The village of Tanjungharjo and Wedi village have different social characteristics, although these two villages are very close together, and both have an en-trepreneurial spirit.

The people of Tanjungharjo Village tend to wait for each other at the time of entrepreneurship, but the village head and some structural villages are very active and able to become the pioneer of Tanjungharjo village community to start entrepre-neurship.

Salak processed products produced by the com-munity of Tanjungharjo Village are mostly in the form of wet cake products. Therefore, the right mod-el as a model of Agropolitan area development that is inclined on the micro and local scale, and in ac-cordance with the social conditions and local poten-tials located in the Village Tanjungharjo, is the vil-lage structural and agro-tourism movers who have the capital, took the initiative to open a kind of cafe, catering business, and other business related to agro-tourism of salak garden. The social structure of Tanjungharjo Village can involve surrounding communities to participate in selective and regulated businesses with a clear system.

In contrast, the Wedi community is almost entire-ly mutually active and supportive although the vil-lage head is not overly concerned. The people are competing to make processed products in packaging and manage the salak garden to become agrotourism that is ready to be marketed. Therefore, the right model for the development of the Agropolitan Area of "Kampung Salak" Wedi Village is to make the Wedi Village as the Village of Salak Wedi superior, where in addition to offline marketing also done online marketing, which is also a means of promo-tion for agrotourism of Salak Wedi.

The development model that is carried out in both Wedi and Tanjungharjo villages can be integrated with each other by using industrial cluster model of agropolitan area development. The cluster develop-ment model has proven to be effective in today's economic development, for example, Silicon Valley in the United States is very famous in the world. The industrial cluster deals with the attachment between businesses in a geographical location, which can be

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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 186

due to the location having a comparative advantage (Dunning 1988).

The model of agropolitan area development that uses the concept of an industrial cluster, involves community empowerment so that the community can increase the local potency of its area, its Salak, and its capability to be more able to create value for the business field related to Salak that has been done.

The spirit of entrepreneurship is a passion for en-trepreneurship. The entrepreneurial spirit is very prominent, especially in the community of Wedi Vil-lage. Motto owned by the people of Wedi Village is "From Salak We Moved, from Wedi We Innovate". Its people are very responsive to change, especially those that bring progress to the village of Wedi. It can be a social capital to support agro-tourism de-velopment of Kampung Salak Bojonegoro, through the growth of community potential to become a new micro business entrepreneur in Salak Agrotourism, including salak agribusiness which has been im-proved in quality, utilization of living environment and its daily to be marketed as an object of agro tourism, and growth of small and medium enterpris-es (MSMEs) in the field of salak and salak agro-tourism products such as souvenirs that indicate the existence of Agro tourism of Kampung Salak.

Increased competence of prospective micro busi-ness actors, as well as micro-entrepreneurs is done through tiered entrepreneurship training

The tiered entrepreneurship training is conducted in three levels, namely the basic level for new micro entrepreneurs, middle level for micro entrepreneurs who have been running their business but need im-provement from various aspects of business, such as packaging improvement, more equipment using ap-propriate technology, and others, while the advanced level training for micro entrepreneurs who will fur-ther develop their business in order to have a wider turnover and market share.

Indonesia is a country with such a large area with a huge number of populations, but Indonesia only has 0.18 percent of its population as an entrepreneur. This shows that there is still a need to add new en-trepreneurs in the future.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The From the above discussion it is concluded that (1) The model of Agropolitan Area Develop-ment that is inclined on the micro and local scale, which is in accordance with the condition of society and local potential is empowering the community to be able to utilize its potential to increase value; (2) The spirit of entrepreneurship is a social capital to

support the community grow into Agro Business Ac-tor of "Kampung Salak" through three things, name-ly salak agribusiness that has been improved its quality, the utilization of living environment and its daily to be marketed as an object of agro tourism, and the growth of micro small and medium enter-prises (SMEs) in the field of processed salak prod-ucts and Salak agro-tourism support system; (3) Training of Tiered Entrepreneurship provides in-creased competence of business actors in "Kampung Salak" in accordance with the level of business they owned.

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