Social Impact of the Social Impact of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

A Chapter 19, Section 3 A Chapter 19, Section 3 ProductionProduction

What did the Revolution do?What did the Revolution do? The Industrial Revolution brought great The Industrial Revolution brought great

riches to those who put it in motion (the riches to those who put it in motion (the entrepreneurs).entrepreneurs).

However, the revolution also brought high However, the revolution also brought high poverty rates and harsh living conditions poverty rates and harsh living conditions for others.for others.

Everyone will agree that the industrial Everyone will agree that the industrial revolution brought many benefits that still revolution brought many benefits that still effect us today….effect us today….

But we are left to ask….But we are left to ask….was it worth the was it worth the struggle it put the masses through for the struggle it put the masses through for the world we have today?world we have today?

People Move to New Industrial People Move to New Industrial CitiesCities

The revolution brought rapid The revolution brought rapid urbanizationurbanization– The movement of people to citiesThe movement of people to cities– (this is what happened to your villages)(this is what happened to your villages)

Several factors caused people to Several factors caused people to move quickly:move quickly:– Changes in farmingChanges in farming– Population growthPopulation growth– Demand for factory workersDemand for factory workers

Manchester-A Good ExampleManchester-A Good Example The city of Manchester had a population of 17,000 in The city of Manchester had a population of 17,000 in

1750.1750.– The industrial boom transformed this city into the The industrial boom transformed this city into the

center of the textile industry.center of the textile industry.– The population grew to 40,000 by 1780The population grew to 40,000 by 1780– 70,000 by 180170,000 by 1801

Is this near a transformation that you Is this near a transformation that you experienced in your villages?experienced in your villages?

Manchester transformed from a quiet smaller town Manchester transformed from a quiet smaller town into a town covered in a “cloud of coal vapor”into a town covered in a “cloud of coal vapor”– Also, it was filled with the noise pollution of steam Also, it was filled with the noise pollution of steam

enginesengines– And a Stinky riverAnd a Stinky river

London-Another ExampleLondon-Another Example

New Social Classes EmergeNew Social Classes Emerge

The industrial revolution created a new The industrial revolution created a new “middle class.”“middle class.”– They operated factories, mines and railroadsThey operated factories, mines and railroads– They also had a more “comfortable” lifestyle They also had a more “comfortable” lifestyle

than the working classthan the working class Those who moved to the cities had a more Those who moved to the cities had a more

difficult time:difficult time:– Many felt lost and bewilderedMany felt lost and bewildered– Many faced tough working conditionsMany faced tough working conditions– Despite these problems, they were able to Despite these problems, they were able to

form their own sense of community.form their own sense of community.

The Industrial Middle ClassThe Industrial Middle Class

This middle class was also referred to This middle class was also referred to as the “bourgeoisie” as the “bourgeoisie” – They were as diverse as the French They were as diverse as the French

Bourgeoisie:Bourgeoisie:MerchantsMerchantsSkilled ArtisansSkilled ArtisansMany inventorsMany inventors

– This B class was more open to those This B class was more open to those who found a rags to riches story.who found a rags to riches story.

The Daily Life of the Middle ClassThe Daily Life of the Middle Class

The middle class lived in large spacious The middle class lived in large spacious homes and had their own supply of water.homes and had their own supply of water.

Some had sympathy for the poor, but Some had sympathy for the poor, but many believed they could work to get many believed they could work to get ahead.ahead.

Women did not leave the home, they Women did not leave the home, they stayed at home to raise their children.stayed at home to raise their children.– This is different from the wealthy who had This is different from the wealthy who had

servants to care for children.servants to care for children.– And the working class whose children were And the working class whose children were

part of the workforce.part of the workforce.

The Industrial Working ClassThe Industrial Working Class The working class had crappy lives.The working class had crappy lives.

– They lived in foul-smelling slumsThey lived in foul-smelling slums– They lived in They lived in tenementstenements

Multistory buildings divided into apartmentsMultistory buildings divided into apartments These had no running water, just community pumps.These had no running water, just community pumps. No sewage or sanitation systems.No sewage or sanitation systems.

– This meant garbage rotted in the streets.This meant garbage rotted in the streets.– Sewage was also dumped into the rivers and Sewage was also dumped into the rivers and

streamsstreams Sewage in the water?Sewage in the water?

– This made the water stinky and it became labeled This made the water stinky and it became labeled as as contaminatedcontaminated

Full of bacteria or disease, which spread Full of bacteria or disease, which spread things like cholerathings like cholera..

An Attempt to Make Things SaferAn Attempt to Make Things Safer

The working class began to take The working class began to take chances to change their own chances to change their own situation.situation.

Many looked to Many looked to labor unionslabor unions for for changechange– Workers organizationsWorkers organizations

These unions were illegal but existed These unions were illegal but existed in secret.in secret.

The Goal of Unions?The Goal of Unions?

Unions attempted to make the Unions attempted to make the following changes:following changes:– Pay IncreasesPay Increases– Shorter Work DaysShorter Work Days– Safer Conditions etcSafer Conditions etc..

The unions had no political power, The unions had no political power, and often turned to violence in and often turned to violence in attempts to create change.attempts to create change.

One Famous RiotOne Famous Riot

The first riots happened from 1811-1813.The first riots happened from 1811-1813. One notable riot was caused by the One notable riot was caused by the

Luddites.Luddites.– They were textile workers that hated the They were textile workers that hated the

machines that were taking away their jobs.machines that were taking away their jobs.– They would operate at night, and destroy They would operate at night, and destroy

machines with sledgehammers and burn machines with sledgehammers and burn factories to the groundfactories to the ground

Many individuals throughout the working Many individuals throughout the working class supported the Luddites.class supported the Luddites.

What were they so mad about?What were they so mad about? Here is a short list of conditions workers Here is a short list of conditions workers

faced in factories:faced in factories:– 12 to 16 hour days12 to 16 hour days– 6-7 Day work weeks6-7 Day work weeks– Nearly no breaks (had to have owner’s Nearly no breaks (had to have owner’s

permission)permission)– Machines with no safety devicesMachines with no safety devices

Exhaustion lead to several accidentsExhaustion lead to several accidents– Lost fingers, limbs, or even livesLost fingers, limbs, or even lives

– Poor air quality (lint) that filled lungs.Poor air quality (lint) that filled lungs. If you refused to work due to illness or If you refused to work due to illness or

injury, you were fired.injury, you were fired.

It was Worse for WomenIt was Worse for Women

Factory owners preferred to higher women Factory owners preferred to higher women because they thought they would adapt because they thought they would adapt easier to machinery and were easier to easier to machinery and were easier to boss around.boss around.

They also could pay women half of what They also could pay women half of what they would pay menthey would pay men

Women still had the home life to worry Women still had the home life to worry about.about.– What struggles do you think women would face What struggles do you think women would face

at home after working a 12 hour day?at home after working a 12 hour day?

The One Place that was Worse?The One Place that was Worse?

Coalmines!Coalmines! Although miners were paid more Although miners were paid more

than factory workers, they had to than factory workers, they had to endure worse conditions.endure worse conditions.– Small, Dark tunnels.Small, Dark tunnels.– The air was filled with coal dust (worse The air was filled with coal dust (worse

than lint)than lint)– Also, the everpresent danger of Also, the everpresent danger of

explosions, flooding, and collapsing explosions, flooding, and collapsing tunnels.tunnels.

But what about the children?But what about the children? First of all, almost none of you would be in First of all, almost none of you would be in

this classroom right now.this classroom right now. Children started working around 7-8Children started working around 7-8

– They would change spools in textile millsThey would change spools in textile mills– Crawl under and repair machinesCrawl under and repair machines– Open and close air vents in coal minesOpen and close air vents in coal mines– Haul coal cartsHaul coal carts

These children were expected to work the These children were expected to work the hardest jobs, longest hours, and therefore hardest jobs, longest hours, and therefore toughest days…toughest days…

So there was pressure for change.So there was pressure for change.

Factory ActsFactory Acts In the early 1800’s laws labeled the In the early 1800’s laws labeled the

“factory acts” did the following:“factory acts” did the following:– Work hours for children were limited to 12 Work hours for children were limited to 12

hourshours– Children under 9 could not work in the cotton Children under 9 could not work in the cotton

mills.mills. These laws were not thoroughly enforced.These laws were not thoroughly enforced.

– British lawmakers formed inspector teams to British lawmakers formed inspector teams to randomly check in on mills and mines to randomly check in on mills and mines to ensure complianceensure compliance

These acts set the groundwork for later These acts set the groundwork for later laws in the 1830’s-1840’s.laws in the 1830’s-1840’s.

An Excellent SummaryAn Excellent Summary Despite the social problems created by the Despite the social problems created by the

Industrial Revolution—low pay, dismal Industrial Revolution—low pay, dismal living conditions—the Industrial Age did living conditions—the Industrial Age did have some positive effects. As demand for have some positive effects. As demand for mass-produced goods grew, new factories mass-produced goods grew, new factories opened, which in turn created more jobs. opened, which in turn created more jobs. Wages rose so that workers had enough Wages rose so that workers had enough left after paying rent and buying food to left after paying rent and buying food to buy a newspaper or visit a music hall. As buy a newspaper or visit a music hall. As the cost of railroad travel fell, people could the cost of railroad travel fell, people could visit family in other towns. Horizons visit family in other towns. Horizons widened and opportunities increased. widened and opportunities increased.

Your Question?Your Question?

Why was the industrial revolution Why was the industrial revolution seen as both a blessing and a curse?seen as both a blessing and a curse?

Do you think all of the social costs Do you think all of the social costs and problems are outweighed by the and problems are outweighed by the benefits brought forth by benefits brought forth by industrialization?industrialization?