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Social influences on participation in sport and activity
Positive and negative influences on participation
ACCESS AGE DISABILITY EDUCATION
ENVIRONMENT / CLIMATE
FAMILY GENDER MEDIA
PEER GROUP
POLITICS POVERTY RELIGION
SPONSORSHIP
TRADITION / CULTURE
Access
Limited by:
Free time available
Availability of facilities
Cost
“what is local, what is available, what is affordable”
Access
• Low cost local authority provision
• Shared facilities• Synthetic pitches –
long hours• (disabled access,
private members clubs)
• (countryside, mountains, coast)
Age
• People live longer• More acceptable• Health and well-being• Veterans• Discrimination (bowls)• Cost
Disability
• Change of perception regarding desire and provision
• Rapid explosion in participation in last 20 years (disability Olympic Games)
Education
• Influence of schools• PE lessons• National curriculum• After school clubs• Links with local sports
providers• College/University• Threats (playing fields
sold, curriculum pressures, increased admin)
Environment and climate
• Physical environment
• Climate
• Technology (cost)
Family
• Often first influence• Support and
encouragement• Cost• “Mum’s taxi”
Gender
• Then: netball, hockey, lacrosse
• Now: rugby, soccer, boxing…………
• Still less prize money (eg wimbledon)
• Religion
Media
• TV rights• Match timing – peak
viewing – commercials
• Limited access, “pay per view” (sky) – cost
• Tabloid exposure• Can spark
enthusiasm to have a go!
Peer Group
Politics
• 1960’s east v west (young children “factory” trained, drugs)
• UK funding: exchequer, National Lottery
• Political protest at high profile events
Poverty
• Third World• Cost of equipment /
membership fees / facilities
• Sport England policies (funding for minority groups, facilities in deprived areas, “target sports”, etc)
Sponsorship
• “the funding of sporting activity for commercial gain”
• Sponsorship can increase participation
• Sponsorship “buys” rights• Olympic Games• Sports with mass appeal
– resources - growing gap compared with less marketable
Tradition and Culture
• Strict moral codes regarding women, dress etc
• Apartheid
• Cricket v Baseball