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The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Social PsychologyAssoc. Prof.Dr Mohd Dahlan Hj. A.
Malek
lecture 2
The Self in a Social World
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Spotlights and Illusions
• Interplay between sense of self and the social world– Spotlight effect– Illusion of transparency– Social surroundings– Self-interest– Self-concern– Social relationships– Drug abuse
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?• Our sense of self
–Self-concept–Self-schemas (what we
perceiving ourselves)–Self-reference effect–Possible selves (our
vision)
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
• Development of the social self– The roles we play– Social identity– Success and failure– Social comparisons– Other people’s judgments
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Who Am I?The Self
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
• Self and Culture– Individualism– Collectivism– Interdependent self– Cultural psychology
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?• Self-knowledge
– Explaining our behavior– Predicting our behavior– Predicting our feelings– The wisdom and
illusions of self-analysis
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Esteem
• Self-esteem: Overall self-evaluation of self-worth–Self-esteem motivation–The “dark side” of self-esteem-low
self-esteem-drug abuse
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Esteem
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Perceived Self-Control
• Self-efficacy-predict workers productivity
• Locus of control• Learned helplessness
versus self-determination
• The costs of excess choice
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Locus of Control
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Learned Helplessness
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Serving Bias
• Explaining positive and negative events– Can we all be better than
average?• Unrealistic optimism• False consensus and
uniqueness • Explaining self-serving
bias • Reflections on self-esteem
and self-serving bias
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Serving Bias
• Reflections on self-efficacy and self-serving bias– The self-serving bias
as adaptive– The self-serving bias
as maladaptive– The group-serving bias
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
How Self-Serving Bias Works
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Presentation• False modesty (Present a different selt than they
feel)• Self-handicapping (protecting one’s self by
excuse)• Impression management
– Self-presentation– Self-monitoring
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
More on Self-Presentation
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Supplemental Slides
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Elements of the Self
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
What Affects Self-Concept?
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Cultural Influences
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Cultural Influences
The Self in a Social W
orld
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
More on Self-Concept
The Self in a Social W
orld
Definition Self
• Self-Efficacy-define• Self-concept• Self-schemas
(what we perceiving ourselves)• Self-reference effect-define• Possible selves (our vision)-define
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Self in a Social W
orld
summary
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
