Social Studies Unit 3: Big Business and Big Cities Social
Studies Unit 3: Big Business and Big Cities
Slide 3
SS5H3 The student will describe how life changed in America at
the turn of the century. a. Describe the role of the cattle trails
in the late 19th century; include the Black Cowboys of Texas, the
Great Western Cattle Trail, and the Chisholm Trail. b. Describe the
impact on American life of the Wright brothers (flight), George
Washington Carver (science), Alexander Graham Bell (communication),
and Thomas Edison (electricity). c. Explain how William McKinley
and Theodore Roosevelt expanded Americas role in the world; include
the Spanish-American War and the building of the Panama Canal. d.
Describe the reasons people emigrated to the United States, from
where they emigrated, and where they settled. e. Describe the
impact of westward expansion on Native Americans; include the
Battle of the Little Bighorn and the relocation of Native Americans
to reservations. SS5G2 The student will explain the reasons for the
spatial patterns of economic activities. a.Explain how factor such
as population, transportation, and resources influenced industrial
location in the United States between the end of the Civil War and
1900. b. Locate primary agricultural and industrial locations since
the turn of the 20 th century and explain how factors such as
population, transportation, and resources have influenced these
areas.
Slide 4
SS5E3 The student will describe how consumers and businesses
interact in the United States economy across time. e. Describe how
trade promotes economic activity (such as how the Panama Canal
increases trade between countries). SS5E1 The student will use the
basic economic concepts of trade, opportunity cost, specialization,
voluntary exchange, productivity, and price incentives to
illustrate historical events. b. Explain how price incentives
affect peoples behavior and choices (such as decisions to
participate in cattle trails because of increased beef prices). e.
Describe how trade promotes economic activity (such as how the
Panama Canal increases trade between countries).
Slide 5
Vocabulary Corporation Competition Monopoly Labor union Strike
Tenement Essential Questions: How did inventions impact American
life in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Slide 6
Alexander Graham Bell was fascinated by the deaf and wanted to
learn more about hearing. He invented the electrical speech machine
in 1876. It is what we call the telephone today. During the 1870s,
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. His telephone greatly
improved communication by allowing people to talk to one another
despite being separated by great distance. Alexander Graham Bell- a
famous inventor!
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Alexander Graham Bell
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Thomas Edison- Another famous inventor during this time period
Inventor who was interested in sound Discovered how to record
spoken words Named his new invention the phonograph Also invented
the motion picture camera Main invention- Invented the electric
light bulb. The light bulb changed business and how people lived.
Main invention- Invented the electric light bulb. The light bulb
changed business and how people lived. Before Edisons light bulb,
people could only work in the daytime or by the light of oil lamps.
Oil lamps did not provide very much light. After the invention of
the light bulb, however, factories could stay open later.
Slide 9
Edison came up with the idea of central power companies. These
companies provided electricity to entire cities. Edison had his
first company supplying most of New York City by 1882.
Slide 10
He patented 1,093 inventions to include: the phonograph (record
player) and the kinetoscope ( movie projector). Thomas Edison
Slide 11
These inventions affected the way businesses operate. Some
inventions kept machines running longer or made it possible for
workers to do more work. During the last half of the 1800s, new
inventions allowed business to change and grow. Sowhat did this do
for the economy??? DISCUSS THIS WITH A NEIGHBOR!
Slide 12
George Washington Carver was one of the first African Americans
to make great contributions in science. While an instructor at the
Tuskegee Institute, he developed his crop rotation method. Carver
knew that southern farmers relied on cotton for most of their
money. Another Famous InventorGeorge Washington Carver
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Carver also knew cotton used up many of the nutrients in the
soil Without nutrients, what would happen? Carver taught growers to
plant crops that enriched the soil every other year. In between
cotton crops, farmers planted peanuts, peas, soybeans, sweet
potatoes, and pecans. To make sure that the farmers could sell
their products, Carver discovered new uses for the crops they grew.
Whats the big idea? Carver discovered more than three hundred uses
for peanuts! George Washington Carver
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Slide 15
Two brothers, Wilber and Orville Wright, built the worlds first
successful airplane. Orville piloted their first flight in 1903. It
was short (only twelve seconds), but it marked the beginning of air
travel. Just over a decade later, militaries in different countries
used airplanes in World War I. Planes eventually made travel much
easier and faster for everyday citizens. Wright=Flight Another
Important DiscoveryThe Wright Brothers
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Wright Brothers
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You will see this on the Milestones!!!
Slide 18
Lets review! Partner Talk: Explain how price incentives affect
peoples behavior and choices (such as decisions to participate in
cattle trails because of increased beef prices).
Slide 19
b. Explain how price incentives affect peoples behavior and
choices (such as decisions to participate in cattle trails because
of increased beef prices).
Slide 20
Vocabulary persecution Ethnic group tenement Essential
Question: Why did people emigrate to the United States, from where
did they come and where did they settle? Take 2 minutes to jot down
reasons (on a sticky note) why you think immigrants came to the
United States. Be prepared to share.
Slide 21
In the late 1800s, many in Europe and Asia were looking for a
better life. They often faced poverty, disease, starvation,
persecution, and the effects of wars in their homelands. America
was a land of opportunity! Between 1870 and 1900, more than 12
million immigrants (people who moved to the U.S. from a foreign
land) arrived in the US. People came from many places. They brought
with them strange languages, unfamiliar religions, and different
customs. Many Jews made their way to the US to escape persecution.
Most immigrants settled in large cities like New York. WHY???
Discuss this in your groups.
Slide 22
Reasons for Immigration
Slide 23
The Immigrant Experience
Slide 24
Asian Immigrants Chinese immigrants came to United States after
the California gold rush in 1849. Faced prejudice from some
Americans. Had to pay a special tax. Some were beaten and even
killed. When gold mines dried up, looked for other work. Worked for
low wages on the railroad so they could stay in the United
States.
Slide 25
Stopping the Chinese Many Americans wanted to stop other
Chinese from coming to America. Wanted the others to go back to
China. Americans were worried the immigrants would take away their
jobs.
Slide 26
Unfair Laws Chinese had to pay higher taxes. Could not work for
the states. Not allow to sue in state courts. Congress passed a law
stopping all immigration by Chinese people.
Slide 27
With a partner, discuss some of the problems that Asian
immigrants faced when emigrating to America.
Slide 28
Japanese and other Asians Still allowed to move to the U.S.
They arrived at an immigration station in San Francisco Bay, CA at
Angel Island. Found jobs in agriculture (farming) Some bought small
farms in California and the southwest. Later, they too, were
mistreated. U.S. convinced Japan to stop Japanese from leaving
Japan
Slide 29
Mexican Immigrants Lived mostly in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona,
and southern California Few spoke English Barrios, or
neighborhoods, of Mexicans helped Mexican immigrants feel at home.
They helped each other find jobs picking lettuce, tomatoes, and
grapes.
Slide 30
Mexicans Mistreated Like other immigrants, they were treated
unfairly. Some were beaten and killed.
Slide 31
European Immigrants LARGEST GROUP of immigrants. Nearly 16
million came between 1890 and 1920 Britain, Ireland, Germany,
Norway, and Sweden Italy, Greece, Poland, Austria, Hungary,
Armenia, and Russia
Slide 32
Same Prejudice Like other immigrants, Europeans were sometimes
treated badly. Sometimes even other immigrants who were already
here were unkind to them because they didnt want them to get their
jobs.
Slide 33
Lets Review Why did immigrants come to America? Discuss the 2
immigration stations that we have learned about. Talk in your
groups.
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Immigration
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Angel Island Photo Gallery Ellis Island Photo Gallery ***Where
did the immigrants settle? Tell your neighbor where they
settled.
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Ellis Island Source: http://newyorkto urs.onboardtour
s.com/attraction s/ellis-island/
Slide 37
Naturalization Immigrants could become citizens through a
process called naturalization. Process for naturalization HHad to
live in U.S. for five years HHad to pass a test about the
government and history of the United States. HHad to answer in
English. HHad to take an oath of allegiance, or loyalty to U.S. Can
you make a connection here to a previous planner???
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Slide 39
***PARTNERS*** Discuss 2 effects resulting from employers
hiring immigrants. Why did people want immigration stopped?
Slide 40
What do you notice about the map?
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Slide 42
***With a partner, discuss the big idea of what we have learned
so far about immigrants moving to America.
Slide 43
America is often described as a melting pot of different
cultures melting into one. Some researchers think America has
really become more of a salad bowl of different cultures, where
they havent melted together, but rather stand side by side, like
the ingredients in a salad, with the benefits and problems that
appear among the different nationalities and races. What do you
think? Get out your Week 12 newspaper. With a partner, read
Immigrants Flock to America. ***Discuss the difference between a
melting pot and a salad bowl of different cultures.***
Slide 44
Vocabulary stockyard skyscraper rapid transit slum settlement
house Essential Question: How did factors such as population,
transportation, and resources influence industrial location in the
United States between the end of the Civil War and 1900?
Slide 45
***Tell your neighbor about some new machines that may have
increased productivity. New machines were invented. ? Sticky Notes:
Fill in the blank in the cause and effect map below.
Slide 46
Why do you think many people moved to the north and
northeastern cities? Look at the map, and discuss this with a
neighbor.
Slide 47
Slide 48
Sohow did factors such as population, transportation, and
resources influence industrial location in the United States
between the end of the Civil War and 1900?
In 1897, William McKinley became the president of the US. He
entered office at a time when many US citizens wanted the nation to
expand. The West was conquered. Now citizens and leaders wanted the
US to conquer foreign territories, too! Discuss with a neighbor why
you think they wanted to take other territories as well. William
McKinley
Slide 53
Some felt it was important to keep the nation strong. Others
felt that the US should civilize the rest of the world. Many
favored expansion because they believed it would produce wealth.
They wanted the resources of foreign territories and hoped to open
up foreign markets in Asia and South America.
Slide 54
New Territories The United States wanted to show they were a
powerful country so In 1912, Congress bought Alaska from Russia,
and Alaska became the 49 th state. In 1959, Hawaii became the 50 th
state.
Slide 55
The Spanish-American War The United States did show the world
it was becoming more powerful when it added Alaska and Hawaii. Some
American leaders wanted to build an empire with colonies in other
parts of the world. When nations build empires by adding colonies,
it is called imperialism. A conflict with Spain would add new
territories to the United States.
Slide 56
The Spanish-American War In 1895, the Spanish colony of Cuba
revolted against Spain because they wanted their independence.
American newspapers wrote stories about how Spain treated Cubans
cruelly during the revolt. These stories were yellow journalism, a
kind of writing that exaggerates news to shock and attract
readers.
Slide 57
The Spanish-American War Continued In 1898, the U.S. Navy ship
Maine exploded in a Cuban harbor. They claimed that it was the duty
of the US to defend the Cuban people. However, in reality, many of
these leaders and businessmen wanted Cubas resources and markets
more than they cared about Cuban citizens.
Slide 58
The Spanish-American War Continued Sowhen the US ship, USS
Maine, mysteriously exploded in a Cuban harbor Americans blamed
Spain, and Congress declared war on Spain. In August of 1898, Spain
surrendered and agreed to give Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and
Guam to the United States. These countries became territories of
the U. S. Cuba became independent.
Slide 59
Historians (people who study history for a living) later
declared that the explosion was probably an accident. The
Spanish-American War began in 1898.
Slide 60
` The Spanish American War
Slide 61
One of the leaders favoring the war with Spain was Assistant
Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt (Teddy Roosevelt).
Roosevelt believed strongly in expansion. He also thought that a
war with Spain would be good for the country. When the fighting
started, he resigned from his position in Washington, DC, and
became the commander of a unit fighting in Cuba known as the Rough
Riders. Theodore Roosevelt
Slide 62
Teddy Roosevelt Continued The Rough Riders charged up San Juan
Hill in Cube and became famous and helped make Roosevelt a hero. In
1901, he became Vice President of the US. A few months later, he
became the president after an assassin shot and killed President
William McKinley.
Slide 63
Theodore Roosevelt
Slide 64
Summarize the Spanish-American War. Discuss the causes and
effects of the war.
Slide 65
The Panama Canal What do you notice about the two routes?
Slide 66
In order to protect US interests, President Roosevelt wanted to
build a canal (man- made waterway) across a portion of Panama. What
do you think those US interests were? The canal would allow ships
to travel back and forth between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
without having to sail around South America. ButColombia ruled
Panama and would not lease him the land to built the canal. The
Panama Canal
Slide 67
The Panama Canal Continued In 1903, however, the Panamanian
people revolted. What does this mean? Soin exchange for Roosevelts
support in Panamas revolt against Columbia, the Panamanians leased
the US the necessary territory once Panama won its independence.
The Panama Canal officially opened in 1914.
Slide 68
How does it work?
Slide 69
One more look at the Panama Canal
Slide 70
So, how does the Panama Canal increase trade between countries,
and how does this, in turn, promote economic activity? Discuss in
your groups.
Slide 71
Partner Talk! Discuss the causes and effects in the
construction of the Panama Canal.