Societal and Societal and educational educational

challenges and the challenges and the changing role of changing role of

teachersteachers Emilija SakadolskienEmilija Sakadolskienėėsakadolskissakadolskis@hotmail.com@hotmail.com

Lithuanian Educational CouncilLithuanian Educational CouncilVilnius Pedagogical UniversityVilnius Pedagogical University

What is a paradigm?What is a paradigm?The set of common beliefs and agreements shared between scientists about how problems should be understood and addressed

The Structure of Scientific

Revolutions Thomas Kuhn, 1962

Similar conceptsSimilar concepts

worldview worldview zeitgeistzeitgeist metanarrative metanarrative schema schema (Immanuel Kant). (Immanuel Kant). disciplinary matrix (Kuhn)disciplinary matrix (Kuhn)

How paradigm shifts How paradigm shifts occuroccur

Phase I: New discoveries produce Phase I: New discoveries produce anomalies that the current paradigm anomalies that the current paradigm is unable to explain or fix is unable to explain or fix

Phase II: a sufficiently large quantity Phase II: a sufficiently large quantity of anomalies accumulates and the of anomalies accumulates and the system experiences crisissystem experiences crisis

Phase III: if a sufficient number of Phase III: if a sufficient number of people oppose the anomalies, a new people oppose the anomalies, a new paradigm is created to battle the paradigm is created to battle the remnants of the old paradigm.remnants of the old paradigm.

““A New Paradigm for A New Paradigm for Undergraduate Education”Undergraduate Education”

ChangeChange magazine magazine 1995 1995

(November/December) (November/December) Robert Barr and John TaggRobert Barr and John Tagg

The paradigm dichotomyThe paradigm dichotomy

The Instructional The Instructional // Teaching Teaching ParadigmParadigm

The Learning ParadigmThe Learning Paradigm

A related concern:A related concern:

Do alternative teacher Do alternative teacher certification programs certification programs match our accepted match our accepted paradigm of teaching and paradigm of teaching and learning?learning?

Educational paradigm Educational paradigm shiftsshifts

The agricultural paradigmThe agricultural paradigm The industrial paradigmThe industrial paradigm The information societyThe information society Knowledge-based societyKnowledge-based society The creativity paradigmThe creativity paradigm

Knowledge is the social product of human intelligence and creativity.

(New Zealand)

Richard Florida Richard Florida :: The Rise The Rise of the Creative Classof the Creative Class (2002) (2002) scientists, engineers scientists, engineers uniunivversity professors ersity professors writers, artists, entertainers, actors writers, artists, entertainers, actors designers, architects designers, architects editors, composers, cultural figures editors, composers, cultural figures think tank analysts think tank analysts opinion makersopinion makers

Elliot W. Eisner: Elliot W. Eisner: The The Educational ImaginationEducational Imagination

(3rd edition, 2002)(3rd edition, 2002)

The Explicit CurriculumThe Explicit Curriculum The Implicit CurriculumThe Implicit Curriculum The Null CurriculumThe Null Curriculum

Daniel H. PinkDaniel H. Pink:: A Whole New A Whole New Mind: Why Right Brainers Will Mind: Why Right Brainers Will

Rule the FutureRule the Future Design Design Narrative Narrative SymphonySymphony Empathy Empathy Play Play MeaningMeaning

“Trends Shaping Education” THE ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)

Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, 2008

Averaged across the 1990-2004 period, more now enter than leave all OECD countries except Poland. OECD countries are now primarily destinations for migrants from other countries. The speed with which change can happen is illustrated by the cases of Spain and Greece.

Increasing competition on global markets has underpinned the idea that countries need constant innovation to maintain position. Does education nurture the creativity necessary to be innovative? Education and training systems have traditionally been strong bastions of national decision-making. Are they sufficiently sensitive to the culturally diverse requirements of immigrants? Are teachers aware?

What role do schools play, through implicit messages and explicit guidance, in shaping the career and professional (as well as educational) choices of girls and boys? How are schools experiencing the impact of ever-greater numbers of mothers with full careers? Has it changed the balance of responsibilities between schools and families in raising children – for better or worse? – and has it altered relations between fathers and schools?

How has greater feminisation of the teaching force being experienced by schools and teachers? Should policy seek to modify the trend and if so in what way?

It is common now to maintain that social capital is declining as we live more individualistic, unconnected lives with falling levels of trust. Family structures continue to change: marriage is less prevalent; couples are increasingly living together without being married; separations and divorces are common; and one-parent families are increasing.

We seem to live in a more individualistic world, with a declining sense of belonging to the traditional reference points of community, church or workplace. Is there more or less trust and co-operation than before? If people are more individualistic, this will promote consumer behaviour in education at the expense of social goals; if social ties are decreasing, this places still more pressure on schools to provide a source of connection.

Mary M. Kennedy: Mary M. Kennedy: Inside Inside Teaching: How Classroom Life Teaching: How Classroom Life

Undermines ReformUndermines Reform, 2005, 2005Hypotheses why Hypotheses why rreforms fail:eforms fail:

Lack of knowledge base (subject Lack of knowledge base (subject and pedagogy)and pedagogy)

Beliefs and values differBeliefs and values differ Teacher dispositionsTeacher dispositions Circumstances of teachingCircumstances of teaching Reform ideals unattainableReform ideals unattainable

In the opinion of In the opinion of fools it is a humble fools it is a humble

task, task, but in fact it is the but in fact it is the

noblest of noblest of occupationsoccupations

- - ErasmusErasmus