Socialization and Deviance

Sociology

Socialization

Process of learning to be members of a group

Agents of socialization1. Family – values, norms2. School - overt and hidden curriculum3. Peer Group – reference group4. Mass Media – values, norms (change)5. Total Institutions (Desocialization, Resocialization)6. Anticipatory Socialization – preparing for a

change in norms, values. Example ?

.

Groups

Black Panthers MS-13 Westboro BapKKK MOVE RastafariansNation of Islam Amish Aryan NationMoonies FLDS PagansScientologists Trekkies WiccanBranch Davidians Crips Hari KrishnaHutterites LDS John Birch SocHells Angels Mensa HutareeTrekkies Jehovahs Witness

Socialization

Functionalist – How do groups work together to create a stable society?

-Family-School-Government-Religion

Socialization

Conflict Theory – How does socialization maintain the status quo and keep people from questioning their position?

Socialization

Symbolic Interactionism – human behavior is a product of society

(not biology)

Symbolic Interactionism

Self –Concept – having an image of yourself separate from others

Symbolic Interactionism

Self –Concept – having an image of yourself separate from others.

“Looking-Glass Self”- other people are mirrors that reflect how we think others see us – a self-concept shaped

by other’s judgments.

Symbolic Interactionism

Self –Concept – having an image of yourself separate from others.

“Looking-Glass Self”- other people are mirrors that reflect how we think others see us – a self-concept shaped by other’s judgments.

When you got dressed this morning, did you dress for yourself or for how other’s see you?

How does this work?

Mental Steps1. We imagine how others see us.2. We imagine the reaction of others

to (number 1).3. We evaluate/rate self to how we

imagine others judged us.

Example – “Jr. High and Mr. Lutz”

Distortions to the Looking-Glass Self

Problem? – Imaginations can be wrong.

Misreading other people may lead to a distorted reality of one’s self concept.

Obviously some people are more important to others – significant others – and their judgments have a greater impact on our socialization. Who are these people for you?

Role –Taking and Socialization

Role-taking – our internal conversations that predict the behaviors of others and shape our self-concept.

Example: Asking permission for . . .

This happens early – watch little kids:

Role-taking

A. (1.5 -2yrs.) Imitation Stage – Kid mimics behavior of parent w/o understanding what they are doing. Example?

Role-taking

A. (1.5 -2yrs.) Imitation Stage – Kid mimics behavior of parent w/o understanding what they are doing. Example?

B. (3-4yrs.) Play Stage – Kid acts and thinks like they imagine a nurse, fireman, teacher, would act.

Role-taking

A. (1.5 -2yrs.) Imitation Stage – Kid mimics behavior of parent w/o understanding what they are doing. Example?

B. (3-4yrs.) Play Stage – Kid acts and thinks like they imagine a nurse, fireman, teacher, would act.

C. Game Stage – complex play involving multiple players taking on various roles. Learn to work/play within a “group” setting.

Role-taking

Game Stage – allows children to recognize societal values that can be applied to other situations not just the “game”.

-Fair Play-Sharing-Being honest-Compromising for win-wins

What is “Self”?

George Herbert Mead –

“Me” – Self formed by the group (socialized)“I” – Self formed by nature (unlearned)

Which holds which in check?

Example: Luc and Liv

Deviance

Positive v Negative Deviance Social control (internal and external

controls) to enforce conformity

Functionalist Perspective Deviance serves a purpose Strain Theory – identifies source of

deviance Control Theory – reinforces

conformity

Deviance

Why do people choose deviant behavior?

(Why are people criminals?)List as many as you can.

Deviance

Why do people choose deviant behavior?

(Why are people criminals?)List as many as you can.

While this exercise may have been a tad humorous, how might this lead to deviant behavior in real life?

DevianceKKK Hippies IlluminateHitler Feminists ReligionsAmish Gangs Osama bin LadenGoth Cults RedcoatsM. Manson Rebels Vikings ChrisToddlers Cheaters Spiders EllaPrisoners Liars TalibanHannahCriminals Nazis/Gestapo NudistsSantiagoDruggiesMurderers Psychos Zach J.Conquistadors Mongols MafiaAtheists Bestiality MLK Jr.

Deviance

Class List.

Behavior that differs from the norm of a group or society.

Why is this so difficult to define? Many societies are diverse and the “norm” may not be as fixed as it appears to be

Norm: Lean is Beautiful

POSITIVE DEVIANCE NEGATIVE DEVIANCE

Norm: “Lean is Beautiful”

POSITIVE DEVIANCE

1. Eating disorders – anorexia, bulimia

2. Overly concerned with healthy eating (not connected to medical restrictions)

3. Excessive exercising

NEGATIVE DEVIANCE

Norm: “Lean is Beautiful”

POSITIVE DEVIANCE

1. Eating disorders – anorexia, bulimia

2. Overly concerned with healthy eating (not connected to medical restrictions)

3. Excessive exercising

NEGATIVE DEVIANCE

1. Overeating – not conforming, becoming “unlean”

Your life.

Have an example of over-conforming?

Social Control

Why do we conform?

Society’s way of promoting conformity to norms with the purpose of providing order and preventing chaos.

There are two major ways this happens . . .

Social Control

Purpose of conformity - provides order and prevents chaos. Internal Controls – personal set

of values that guides decision-making in acceptable/unacceptable behavior.

Ex. Workplace etiquette

Social Control

Purpose of conformity provides order and prevents chaos.

Internal Controls – personal set of values that guides decision-making in acceptable/unacceptable behavior.

Ex. Workplace etiquetteExternal Controls – conforming to society because of potential punishments.

Social Control

Why is lying wrong?

Why is stealing wrong?

Take a trip with Lawrence Kohlberg .. . .

Right or Wrong? Why?

Heinz’s wife was dying from a disease. The pharmacist in town recently developed a treatment for this disease and decided to make a lot of money for his efforts. He raised the price 500% from what it cost him to make it. Heinz could not afford the drug, he asked friends to help, pleaded with the pharmacist, but this did not help. Late one night Heinz broke into the pharmacy and stole the drug for his wife.

Lawrence Kohlberg – Moral Dev.

Pre-conventional LevelW stage 1: Avoid Punishment

- don’t want to go to jailR stage 2: Satisfy Personal Need

- I need my wife to . . . . for me.

Lawrence Kohlberg – Moral Dev.

Pre-conventional Levelstage 1: Avoid Punishment Wstage 2: Satisfy Need/Fair Play R

Conventional Levelstage 3: Winning approval from others

R- If I don’t steal what will others think?

stage 4: Maintain the Public Order W

- What kind of world would this be if we all stole items. Stealing is wrong.

Lawrence Kohlberg – Moral Dev.

Pre-conventionalstage 1: Avoid Punishment Wstage 2: Satisfy Need/Fair Play R

Conventionalstage 3: Winning approval from others Rstage 4: Maintain the Public Order W

Post-conventional Levelstage 5: Laws have value. Need good reason W/Rstage 6: Moral right to steal(Love trumps greed)R

Three Perspectives

Functionalism and Deviance

NEGATIVE

Deviance erodes trust.

Society that cannot trust each other cannot function smoothly.

POSITIVE

Functionalism and Deviance

NEGATIVE EFFECTS

Deviance erodes trust.

Society that cannot trust each other cannot function smoothly.

POSITIVE BENEFITS

Can be a societal safety value

Example: “teen rebellion”, “rough sports”

Makes the “norms” clear for everyone else

Example: Charlie Sheen

Promotes changeExample: Civil & women’s rights movements

Functionalism and Deviance

The “War on Drugs”Positive Benefits of Deviance

Negative Effects of Deviance

Functionalism and Deviance

The “War on Drugs”Positive Benefits of Deviance- Lock’em up, no toleration for drugs

(Unified Goal)

- Perhaps for medicinal reasons . . .

Negative Effects of Deviance- Addiction leads to poverty- Rise in accidents (people high on

drugs)

Deviance Theory - Deviance Cheat Sheet

What leads to/causes deviant behavior?

1. Read your assigned theory.2. Discuss with your partner how you

will graphically illustrate thisA. TheoryB. Short word description C. Graphic creatively illustrating

this theory using a deviant

behavior

Quiz

1. Which is NOT a benefit of deviance?

a. decreases suspicion/mistrust among members of a society

b. Promotes social changec. Increases social unityd. Provides a safety valve

Quiz

2. Thomas Merton (functionalist) claimed deviant behavior happens when there is a gap between cultural goals and the means to get there. For instance, when a financial success/prestige is held as a value, but one cannot obtain it – one may become deviant. What is the name of this theory.

Quiz

3. A teacher who goes through the motions of school without any thought to the success of the students would be an example of what type of functionalist approach to deviance?

Quiz

4. What is needed to create strong social bonds according to the functionalist perspective?

Deviance Theory

Small Group Discussion – Strain, Control,

Differential Association, Labeling

Overhead

Deviance Cheat Sheet

Strain – gap between cultural goals and means to achieve them.

Control – weak social bonds. (anomie)

Differential Association – learn by watching

Labeling – what “society” says is devient

-primary (not a lifestyle)-secondary (label overshadows

everything)

Strain

Strain

D = gap between culture goals and reality

Innovation – accept goals, use D to get thereRitualism – accept means but not goalsRetreatism – don’t accept means or goalsRebellion – retreatism + make new goals

Strain

D = gap between culture goals and reality

Innovation – accept goals, use D to get thereRitualism – accept means but not goalsRetreatism – don’t accept means or goalsRebellion – retreatism + make new goals

Control

Control

D = Anomie (weak relationship bonds)

Attachment to group+ Commitment to goals of group+ Involved in social settings+ Belief in Values .

= CONFORMITY

Differential Association

Differential Association

D = learn by watching

Children of criminalsBad role models“Mean Girls”

Labeling Theory

Labeling Theory

D = Based on what societies say is deviant.

Which is more deviant?- Teen mom or teen dad

Stigma – not fully accepted due to a label

Question

Should the gov’t be permitted to order a “drone” attack on a terrorist in the U.S.? (terrorist is a US citizen).

What happened yesterday?

Controlling Deviance

The criminal justice system is designed to maintain order, stability, and predictability in social life.

The Deal

National data base which would register every person in the USA with finger prints, eye scan, digital voice recording, and DNA samples.

These would be updated/checked when getting gov’t assistance, licenses, registrations.

This would eliminate crime, abuse, and other potential crimes.

Conflict Theory

Dev. = Behavior those in power find threatening

1. Challenges economic, political social power

2. Threatens private property3. Disrespect authority4. Violates socital mores5. Violence

Conflict Theory

Blacks 12% of pop. but 43% of death row

Justice Dept. – “white-collar” crimes cost taxpayers 18x more than street crime but those convicted receive punishment less harsh . . .

Blacks 13x more likely than whites to be sent to jail for similar crime

WHY?

Conflict Theory

Deviance from those in power is treated less severely.

- Racism (victim-discounting, minority victims less valuable

- Poverty (can’t afford a good lawyer . . .)

- Is it ok to discriminate in the justice system based on poverty, race, personal beliefs?

“Treating” Deviance

Incarceration – Prison 1. takes criminals off the street 2. can’t commit crimes, but . . .

The facts https://sites.google.com/site/educationvsprisoninamerica/

America has the highest incarceration rate in the world. (5x world ave) - 1 out of 100 adults are in prison

Once released, 2 out of 3 are rearrested within a year.  In 1982 state prison budget = 9 Billion, 2009 = $60 Billion 

The U.S. spends 6x more money on prisons than education. California in 2006 spent 8,000 dollars on one student in

the Oakland School district and 216,000 dollars on one juvenile inmate.

Over the course of the last 20 years, prison spending increased by 570%, while education spending increased by 33%. 

Over 75% of inmates are illiterate at a 12th grade reading level. 

Less than 20% of inmates have their high school diploma. 

“Treating” Deviance

Incarceration – criminals off the street don’t commit crimes, but . ..

- Very expensive. Two years ago USA was spending more $$ to build prisons than schools.

- Are prisons “colleges” for criminals?

“Treating” Deviance

Rehabilitation (?) There is currently a 50-60% recidivism rate for many criminals.

Why?

“Treating” Deviance

Rehabilitation (?) There is currently a 50-60%

recidivism rate for many criminals. Why?

1. see theories of deviance (root cause)

2. the “college” prison3. stigma attached to ex-cons

“Treating” Deviance

Rehabilitation (?)Current Trends- Shock probation – “scared straight”

programs designed to should prison reality & 2nd chance

- Half-way Homes – reintroduce incarcerated back to society

- Diversion – teach skills/trades to counter the criminal life.

- LAVORP – Lancaster Area Victim/Offender Reconciliation Program

65-70% of inmates go back to jail after being released (LancCoPrison)

Are prisons “universities for criminals”?

Lancaster County Prison Cost: 1100 prisoners x $56.00 a day x 365 = $

Problem with Recidivism

Death Penalty in America

Death Penalty Stats 1. 15,600 executions since 1608 2011 – 34 states have the death penalty Lethal injection is most common.

Electrocution, hanging, shooting, gas chamber, – other alternatives.

Most executions in the Southern States (930 0ut of the last 1136)

TX, CA, FL, PA = half of 3173 D. Row inmates

China, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, US = 93% of all capital executions

66% of Americans support the death penalty –But . .. . .

What is happening to the D.P?

Less Application – WHY?1. Crime rates falling2. DNA revels some wrongful

convictions138 released for DR in the last 40 yrs

3. Life sentence increase4. High cost of capital cases

What do you think?Arguments for and against.

Type 2 Collins:

Use your notes about how people become deviant and how society deals with deviance.

Prison Trip

1. Willing to pay . . . 5, 10, 15 (does not include lunch)

2. Prison / YIC

3. What questions do you have for the management at the prison/YIC?