SÜ*. 1».' :^ - DTIC · Contents (Continued) Page Semipalmated Sandpiper {Calidrispusilla) 84 Western Sandpiper {Calidris mauri) 86 Least Sandpiper {Calidris minutilld) 88 White-rumped

$Page 1: SÜ*. 1».' :^ - DTIC · Contents (Continued) Page Semipalmated Sandpiper {Calidrispusilla) 84 Western Sandpiper {Calidris mauri) 86 Least Sandpiper {Calidris minutilld) 88 White-rumped$
" *!&&

'•'■' SÜ*. 1».'

3 &>.- •3 f5!

■i/A

?■■:■

M'

:^

■AS

1'"*^'

■*"'«i

if-iSf.

t*#

J* *

■3f

*• *.: :*

DJ STB3 BUT80N STATES»? A Approved for Public Release

Distribution Unlimited

m: 20000303 15 «t

.-«;»f

U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division

Technical Report Series

Biological Science Reports ISSN1081-292X

Papers published in this series record the significant findings resulting from USGS/BRD-sponsored and cospon- sored research programs. They may include extensive data or theoretical analyses. These papers are the in-house coun- terpart to peer-reviewed journal articles, but with less strin- gent restrictions on length, tables, or raw data, for example. We encourage authors to publish their findings in the most appropriate journal possible. However, the Biological Sci- ence Reports represent an outlet in which BRD authors may publish papers that are difficult to publish elsewhere due to the formatting and length restrictions of journals. At the same time, papers in this series are held to the same peer-review and high quality standards as their journal counterparts.

Information and Technology Reports ISSN 1081-2911

These reports are intended for the publication of book- length-monographs; synthesis documents; compilations of conference and workshop papers; important planning and reference materials such as strategic plans, standard operating procedures, protocols, handbooks, and manu- als; and data compilations such as tables and bibliogra- phies. Papers in this series are held to the same peer-review and high quality standards as their journal counterparts.

To purchase this report, contact the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (call toll free 1 -800-553-6847), or the Defense Technical Information Center, 8725 Kingman Rd., Suite 0944, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6218.

Biogeographical Profiles of Shorebird Migration in Midcontinental North America

Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR--2000-0003 December 1999

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for Public Release

„ Distribution Unlimited By Susan K.Skagen Peter B.Sharpe Robert G. Waltermire M.Beth Dillon

Prepared in cooperation with Prairie Pothole Joint Venture

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

Major funding for this project was provided by the Prairie Pothole Joint Venture of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan and the U.S. Geological Survey. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions 2,3, and 6; the Bureau of Land Management; and the U.S. Forest Service.

Credits:

Stilt Sandpiper cover photo by S. K. Skagen Artwork on frontispiece and on page 117 courtesy of Robin Corcoran Artwork on pages 19,21,61 and 107 by Dale Crawford

Suggested citation:

Skagen S K P B Sharpe, R G. Waltermire, and M. B. Dillon. 1999. Biogeographical profiles ofshorebird migration in midcontinental North America. Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR--2000-0003. U.S. Government Printing

Office, Denver, Colo. 167 pp.

Contents

Page

Introduction 1 Study Area and Methods 2

The Database 2 Data Analysis 2 Identification of Important Sites 8

Results and Discussion 8 Map Interpretation 8 Migration Chronology 11 Spring Migration of the Genus Calidris - Preliminary Interpretations 11 Habitat Requirements 13 Management Applications 13

Distribution Maps and Migration Information for Species Groups and 37 Shorebird Species 13 All Shorebirds 16 Long Distance Migrants 18 Intermediate Distance Migrants 20 Short Distance Migrants 22 All Plovers 24 Small Sandpipers 26 Medium Sandpipers 28 All Small Shorebirds 30 All Medium Shorebirds 32 All Large Shorebirds 34 Black-bellied Plover {Pluvialis squatarola) 36 American Golden Plover {Pluvialis dominica) 38 Snowy Plover {Charadrius alexandrinus) 40 Wilson's Plover {Charadrius wilsonia) 42 Semipalmated Plover {Charadrius semipalmatus) 44 Piping Plover {Charadrius melodus) 46 Killdeer {Charadrius vociferus) 48 Mountain Plover {Charadrius montanus) 50 Black-necked Stilt {Himantopus himantopus) 52 American Avocet {Recurvirostra americana) 54 Greater Yellowleg {Tringa melanoleuca) 56 Lesser Yellowlegs {Tringaflavipes) 58 All Yellowlegs 60 Solitary Sandpiper {Tringa solitarid) 62 Willet {Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) 64 Spotted Sandpiper {Actitis macularid) 66 Upland Sandpiper {Bartramia longicauda) 68 Whimbrel {Numenius phaeopus) 70 Long-billed Curlew {Numenius americanus) 72 Hudsonian Godwit {Limosa haemasticd) 74 Marbled Godwit {Limosafedod) 76 Ruddy Turnstone {Arenaria interpres) 78 Red Knot {Calidris canutus) 80 Sanderling {Calidris alba) 82

in

Contents (Continued)

Page

Semipalmated Sandpiper {Calidris pusilla) 84 Western Sandpiper {Calidris mauri) 86 Least Sandpiper {Calidris minutilld) 88 White-rumped Sandpiper {Calidris fuscicolllis) 90 Baird's Sandpiper {Calidris bairdii) 92 Pectoral Sandpiper {Calidris melanotos) 94 Dunlin {Calidris alpina) 96 Stilt Sandpiper {Calidris himantopus) 98 Buff-breasted Sandpiper {Tryngites subruficollis) 100 Short-billed Domtcher {Limnodromus griseus) , 102 Long-billed Dowitcher {Limnodromus scolopaceus) 104 All Dowitchers 106

Common Snipe {Gallinago gallinago) 108 Wilson's Phalarope {Phalaropus tricolor) HO Red-necked Phalarope {Phalaropus lobatus) 112

Acknowledgments H4 Cited References H4 Appendix H'

All Shorebirds 118

Long Distance Migrants 120 Intermediate Distance Migrants 121 Short Distance Migrants 122 All Plovers 123 All Small Sandpipers 124 All Medium Sandpipers 125 All Small Shorebirds 126 All Medium Shorebirds 127 All Large Shorebirds 128 Black-bellied Plover {Pluvialis squatarold) 129 American Golden-Plover {Pluvialis dominicd) 130 Snowy Plover {Charadrius alexandrinus) 131 Wilson's Plover {Charadrius wilsonia) 132 Semipalmated Plover {Charadrius semipalmatus) 133 Piping Plover {Charadrius melodus) 134 Killdeer {Charadrius vociferus) 135 Mountain Plover {Charadrius montanus) 136 Black-necked Stilt {Himantopus himantopus) 137 American Avocet {Recurvirostraamericana) 138 Greater Yel\ovf\egs {Tringamelanoleuca) 139 Lesser Yellowlegs {Tringaflavipes) 140 AllYellowlegs 141 Solitary Sandpiper {Tringa solitarid) 142 Willet {Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) 143 Spotted Sandpiper {Actitis macularia) 144 Upland Sandpiper {Bartramia longicauda) 145

IV

Contents (Concluded)

Page

Whimbrel {Numenius phaeopus) 146 Long-billed Curlew {Numenius americanus) 147 Hudsonian Godwit (Limosa haemastica) 148 Marbled Godwit (Limosafedoa) 149 Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) 150 Red Knot (Calidris canutus) 151 Sanded ing (Calidris alba) 152 Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidrispusilla) 153 Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) 154 Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilld) 155 White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis) 156 Baird's Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii) 157 Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) 158 Dunlin (Calidris alpind) 159 Stilt Sandpiper (Calidris himantopus) 160 Buff-breasted Sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis) 161 Short-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus) 162 Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) 163 All Dowitchers 164 Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) 165 Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) 166 Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) 167



By

Susan K. Skagen Peter B. Sharpe1

Robert G. Waltermire M. Beth Dillon

U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division

Midcontinent Ecological Science Center Fort Collins, Colorado 80525-3400

Introduction

Transcontinental shorebird migrants are dependent upon dynamic freshwater wetlands throughout the interior of North America for stopover resources. Because of the tremendous energy demands of these long distance migratory flights, stopover habitats and resources for rest and refueling are critical to the survival and successful reproduction of this group of birds. Management of dispersed and dynamic wetland habitats for the conservation of en route shorebird migrants is a challenge that requires a broadly integrated approach across many geographic regions.

Thirty-seven species of shorebirds commonly cross the interior plains of North America during spring and fall migrations. Population sizes of several of these species are believed to be declining, including black-bellied plover (Pluvialis squatarola), mountain plover (Charadrius montanus), whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), sanderling (Calidris alba), semipalmated sandpiper (C. pusilla), least sandpiper (C. minutilld), stilt sandpiper (C. himantopus), and short-billed dowitcher {Limnodromus griseus) (Howe et al. 1989; Knopf 1994; Morrison etal. 1994); there is growing concern about the status of these species.

Different areas in the midcontinent appear to host very different assemblages of shorebirds (Skagen and Knopf 1993; Skagen 1997). The biogeographic

information described here will help identify the uniqueness of different regions of the plains to migrating shorebirds. Although shorebirds migrating along Atlantic and Pacific coastal areas are capable of long jumps between refueling stops, within the midcontinent region, the intermountain west, and the Pacific coast, some species move short, rather than long, distances between refueling sites (Skagen and Knopf 1994b; Iverson et al. 1996; Warnock and Bishop 1998). Maps of distribution patterns and chronology accounts can lend insight towards understanding migration strategies of the different shorebird species.

This report presents general distribution patterns of en route migrants that refuel in interior wetlands during migration. We provide information on the spatial and temporal occurrence and habitat requirements for individual species and groups of species with the intent that this information is used in guiding management efforts. We report general locations where shorebirds have been known to occur, whether regularly or occasionally, and do not suggest that individual sites are used by shorebirds every year. Yearly variation in numbers of shorebirds at specific sites is often great because shorebirds in the midcontinent respond quickly to changing habitat conditions (Skagen and Knopf 1994a; Warnock et al. 1998). The results of this project can be viewed on the Internet via the home page of the Midcontinent Ecological Science Center (MESC),

Currently Institute for Wildlife Studies, Avalon, Calif.

2 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE REPORT 3

Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey (BRD/USGS). The URL for this shorebird mapping project is:

http://www.mesc.usgs.gov/shorebirds

Study Area and Methods

Our focal area ranges across three provinces in Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) and 18 states of the United States (Montana, Wyoming, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Min- nesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana).

The Database

We acquired shorebird survey and observational data from many sources (Table 1) in response to our requests (via letters, telephone, and e-mail). Major contributors included the International Shorebird Survey (Brian Harrington, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences), Canadian Wildlife Service, Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuges and National Parks in the focal states, Biological Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, state natural heritage programs, and regional coordinators of the National Audubon Society Field Notes (NASFN). We visited and collected data from NASFN regional coordinators in Colorado, North Dakota, Iowa, Texas, and Oklahoma, and retrieved data from the Minnesota Ornithologist's Union archives, courtesy of R. Janssen. During each visit, we sorted through birding reports and miscellaneous data sent to the regional coordinators and photocopied data useful to the project. We obtained verbal permission from all contributors to use their data in summaries to be presented in a USGS document.

We determined geographic coordinates for most of the reported locations using sites on the Internet [Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), URL: http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/gnis/) and CD-ROMs at Colorado State University (MapExpert, GNIS)].

The database includes more than 33,000 records of observations and surveys conducted at about 3,000 sites (Fig. 1). Approximately one-fourth of the records (about 8,500) was contributed by the International Shorebird Survey. The types of data range from systematic and repeated surveys to non-systematic observations (Table 1). Although a few records date back to 1971, most (96%) of the records are from 1980 to 1996; 88% of the records are dated 1985 to 1996; and 65% are from 1990 to 1996. Observations and surveys were reported for approximately 2,300 sites from January through June (regardless of year)

and for about 1,600 sites from July through December (Fig. 1). Sites in Texas and Louisiana include both coastal and inland wetlands. The locations were distributed approximately within 5° latitudinal bands as follows: 14% in 25° to 30°; 14% in 30° to 35°; 12% in 35° to 40°; 32% in 40° to 45°; 23% in 45° to 50°; 4% in 50° to 55°; and 0.1% in 55° to 60°. Most (<98%) of the sites occur east of 115° W longitude (Fig. 1) and survey coverage in the states of Nevada and Idaho is minimal.

Data Analysis

The shorebird distribution data were summarized using SAS (SAS 1990). Analyses were conducted for 37 individual species (Table 2; Latin names are provided) and for 12 species groups based on taxonomic group, body size, and migration distance (Table 2). Two species groups, all dowitchers and yellowlegs, enabled us to in- corporate data for these two groups even though birds were not always identified to species. Species groups are:

all shorebirds long distance migrants intermediate distance migrants short distance migrants all plovers small sandpipers (semipalmated sandpiper, western sandpiper, least sandpiper, white-rumped sandpiper, and Baird's sandpiper)

• medium sandpipers (greater yellowlegs, lesser yellowlegs, solitary sandpiper, spotted sandpiper, red knot, sanderling, pectoral sandpiper, dunlin, stilt sandpiper, buff-breasted sandpiper, short- billed dowitcher, and long-billed dowitcher)

• all small shorebirds (small sandpipers plus snowy plover, Wilson's plover, semipalmated plover, and piping plover)

• all medium shorebirds (medium sandpipers plus black-bellied plover, American golden plover, killdeer, mountain plover, ruddy turnstone, common snipe, Wilson's phalarope, and red-necked phalarope)

• all large shorebirds (black-necked stilt, American avocet, willet, whimbrel, long-billed curlew, Hudsonian godwit, and marbled godwit).

The migration distance categories (short, intermediate, and long) are defined in Skagen and Knopf (1993). These categories were based on a migration distance index (the weighted average of three distances between breeding and wintering areas: shortest distance, distance between estimated midpoints, and distance between extremes) roughly corresponding to the average

SHOREBIRD MIGRATION IN MIDCONTINENTAL NORTH AMERICA 3

Table 1. Sources of shorebird data, including locations), and person(s) who provided the data, type(s) of data, and year(s) encompassed by the data. Survey data are from repeated systematic surveys. Obs are observation data not from systematic surveys.

Source/location

Arkansas Audubon Society

Canadian Wildlife Service, Saskatchewan

International Shorebird Survey AR, AZ, CO, IA, KS, LA, MN, MO, MT, ND, NE, OK, SD, TX, UT

Minnesota Ornithologists' Union

Miscellaneous Sources Boca Chica Beach, TX Great Salt Lake Region, UT Hornsby Bend Ponds, Austin, TX

Playa Lakes Region, TX Northwestern North Dakota Saskatchewan, Canada Southern Louisiana

National Audubon Society Field Notes (NASFN) CO, NV, UT, WY IA, MT, ND, NE, OK, SD

Iowa AR, CO, IA, IN, KS, MI, MN, MT, ND, NE, OK, Ontario Texas Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan

National Park Service Big Bend National Park, TX Homestead National Monument, Rocky Mountain National Park Glacier National Park, MT

NE

Contact Data type

Max Parker Obs

Gerry Beyersbergen Survey

New Mexico Natural Heritage Program Holloman Air Force Base, NM

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) Anahuac NWR, TX Arrowwood NWR, ND Audubon/Lake Nettie NWR's

and surrounding areas, ND

Year(s)

1986-1995

1990-1993

Brian Harrington Survey 1975-1995

Robert Janssen Obs 1986-1996 Peder Svingen

Marty Bray Survey 1992-1994 Peter Paton Survey 1990-1993 Robin Doughty Survey 1993-1996 Barbara Parmenter Craig Davis Survey 1993-1994 Manuel DeLeon Survey 1994-1995 J. Frank Roya Obs 1980-1995 Ken Rosenberg Survey 1986-1991

Hugh Kingery Obs 1986-1996 Ron Martin Obs 1986-1996 Gordon Berkey Tom Kent Obs 1986-1996 Joe Gryzbowski Obs 1990-1996

Greg Lasley Obs 1991-1996 NASFN Obs 1986-1995

Mark Flippo Obs 1986-1995 Rebecca Lacome Obs 1986-1996

Obs 1996 Steve Gniadek Obs 1986-1995

Kris Johnson Survey 1994-1995

lefuges (NWR) Kim Harrigan Survey 1995-1996 Carmen Luna Survey, Obs 1994-1996

Craig Hultberg Obs 1986-1996


Table 1. Concluded.

Source/location Contact Data type Year(s)

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) (con't) Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, UT Vicki Roy Survey 1991-1996

Benton Lake NWR, MT Stephen Martin Obs 1965-1995

Bitter Lake NWR, NM Sonia Najera Survey 1986-1996

Brazoria/San Bernard/ Big Boggy NWR's, TX Richard Speer Survey 1995

Breton NWR, LA James Harris Piping plover census

1996

Browns Park NWR, CO Suzanne Fellows Obs 1989-1996

Buenos Aires NWR, AZ Obs 1990-1996

Felsenthal NWR/Oakwood Unit, AR Lake Lewis Survey 1995-1996

Fish Springs NWR, UT Jay Banta Survey 1986-1996

Halfbreed/Hailstone/Spidel NWR's , MT Mike Getman Obs 1991-1993

Hagerman NWR, TX Jim Williams Survey 1990-1996

Imperial NWR, AZ Carmen Kennedy Survey 1993-1995

Laguna Atascosa, NWR, South Padre Island, TX Tim Brush Survey 1992-1994

Laguna Atascosa NWR, TX Tim Brush Jeff Rupert

Survey 1995-1996

Lake Andes NWR, SD Rick Cantu Obs 1986-1-996

LeeMetcalfNWR, MT Obs 1991-1996

Matagorda NWR, TX Felipe Prieto Survey 1992-1995

Maxwell NWR, NM Jerry French Obs 1989-1995

National Bison Range, MT Lynn Clark Obs 1987-1996

North Platte/Crescent Lake NWR's , NE Larry Malone Survey 1986-1996

Rice Lake/Mille Lacs NWR's, MN Christopher Lapp Survey 1991-1996

Sequoyah NWR, OK Craig Heflebower Obs 1989-1996

Squaw Creek NWR, MO Joanna Foster Survey, Obs 1986-1996

Swan Lake NWR, MO Bridget Olson Obs 1995-1996

Salt Plains NWR, OK Ron Shepperd Survey 1989-1996

Selected NWR's in AR, LA, MS Virginia Rettig3 Survey 1994

USGS, Biological Resources Division KS, ND, NE, OK, SD, TX Susan Skagen Survey 1989-1995

Wader Study Group Bulletin Colwell et al.a Survey 1984 Dickson et al.a Survey 1987

Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network Morrison et al.a Obs 1971-1994

Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Canada

aData compiled from published reports. See Cited References.


C/5

175

1)

RS IS -o c _o

>

o

T3

»-. o

Ja

o

O

t/3


Table 2. Shorebird species that commonly cross the North American interior during spring and fall migrations or that breed or winter in the midcontinent region. Body size is denoted by S (small, total body lengths of <190 mm); M (medium, body lengths range from 195-350 mm); and L (large, body lengths exceed 350 mm); after Skagen and Knopf (1993). Migration distances are denoted as S (short), I (intermediate), and L (long), after Skagen and Knopf (1993).

Body Migration Selected Common name Scientific name size distance references3

Family Charadriidae

Black-bellied plover Pluvialis squatarola M I 1-5 American golden plover P. dominie a M L 1-4, 6 Snowy plover Charadrius alexandrinus S S 1-4,7 Wilson's plover C. wilsonia S S 1-4 Semipalmated plover C. semipalmatus S I 1-4 Piping plover C. melodus S S 1-4, 8 Killdeer C. vociferus M s 1-4 Mountain plover C. montanus

Family Recurvirostridae

M S 1-4, 9

Black-necked stilt Himantopus himantopus L s 1-4 American avocet Recurvirostra americana

Family Scolopacidae

L s 1-4, 10

Greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca M I 1-4, 11 Lesser yellowlegs T. flavipes M I 1-4 Solitary sandpiper T. solitaria M I 1-4, 12 Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus L s 1-4 Spotted sandpiper Act it is macularia M I 1-4, 13 Upland sandpiper Bartram ia longicauda M I 1-4 Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus L I 1-4, 14 Long-billed curlew N. americanus L s 1-4 Hudsonian godwit Limosa haemastica L L 1-4 Marbled godwit L. fedoa L s 1-4 Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres M I 1-4 Red knot Calidris canutus M I 1-4 Sanderling C. alba M I 1-4 Semipalmated sandpiper C. pus ill a S I 1-4, 15 Western sandpiper C. mauri S I 1-4, 16 Least sandpiper C. minutilla S I 1-4, 17 White-rumped sandpiper C. fusicollis S L 1-4, 18 Baird's sandpiper C. bairdii S L 1-4 Pectoral sandpiper C. melanotos M L 1-4, 19 Dunlin C. alpina M I 1-4, 20 Stilt sandpiper C. himantopus M L 1-4,21

Table 2. Concluded.

SHOREBIRD MIGRATION IN M©CONTINENTAL NORTH AMERICA 7

Common name Scientific name Body size

Migration distance

Selected references3

Buff-breasted sandpiper Short-billed dowitcher Long-billed dowitcher Common snipe Wilson's phalarope Red-necked phalarope

Family Scolopacidae (con't)

Tryngites subruficollis M Limnodromus griseus M L. scolopaceus M Gallinago gallinago M Phalaropus tricolor M P. lobatus M I

1-4, 22 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4, 23 1-4

References: 1-Hayman et al. (1986); 2-Griggs (1997); 3-National Geographic Society (1987); 4-Howell and Webb (1995); 5-Paulson (1995); 6-Johnson and Connors (1996); 7-Page et al. (1995); 8-Haig (1992); 9-Knopf (1996); 10- Robinson et al. (1997); 11-EIphick and Tibbitts (1998); 12-Moskoff (1995); 13-Oring et al. (1997); 14-Skeel and Mallory (1996); 15-Gratto-Trevor (1992); 16-Wilson (1994); 17-Cooper (1994); 18-Parmelee (1992); 19-Holmes and Pitelka (1998); 20-Warnock and Gill (1996); 21-Klima and Jehl (1998); 22-Lanctot and Laredo (1994); 23-Colwell and Jehl (1994).

distance traveled (1,000s of km). The migration distance index of short distance migrants is <5, of intermediate distance migrants is 6-12, and long distance migrants is >14.

We divided all data into 24 time periods, beginning with days 1 and 16 of each month. For 50 sites with multiple subsites, numbers of birds of each species/species group were summed for all subsites for each 2-week time period to provide overall counts for the sites. A mean lat-long (latitude-longitude) calculated from the subsites was then assigned to the site. For 130 sites reported by more than one source, we standardized site names to avoid duplication.

We extracted the maximum number of individuals of each species and species group reported at each site/ subsite for each time period. For the chronology histograms, maximum counts at sites/subsites for each species/species group and each time period were summed within 5° latitudinal bands (25°- 30°; 30°-35°; etc). For the maps and Appendix, we subdivided the year into two parts, January through June and July through December, extracted the maximum number of individuals of each species/species group reported at each site/subsite regardless of year, and totaled these counts for lat-long cells (0.1° by 0.1°).

The spring and fall data were processed separately in an ARC/INFO point vector coverage. The spring and fall point coverages were intersected with a polygon vector

coverage which was divided into 100 km x 100 km grid. The values for each species and species group were summed within each cell and the resulting values were stored in the polygon vector coverage. Distributions of species and species groups were mapped with shading patterns to designate varying abundance. Distribution maps of species are presented in taxonomic order fol- lowing the maps of species groups.

Histograms were constructed for each species and some species groups to describe timing of migration across seven 5° latitudinal bands. Because abundances differ between latitudinal bands, and because we wanted these figures primarily to portray timing, we used different scales for many of the bands. Shading patterns de- note relative abundance (darker shades are used for greater numbers of birds). The chronology histograms are presented in concert with the distribution maps for each species in taxonomic order and for some of the species groups.

We used as an index of dispersion the number of sites hosting 60% of the total maximum of each species. We then categorized dispersion as broadly dispersed (60% of birds occurred in 10 or more sites), moderately dispersed (60% of birds occurred in 3 to 9 sites), or concentrated (60% of birds occurred in 1 or 2 sites).

There are limitations to our abilities to interpret the maps and histograms because the underlying data are from several sources and data types, because coverage is


not uniform, and because sites were not randomly or systematically chosen. These maps and summaries, therefore, are meant to provide baseline information on which to build in the future. All interpretations and statements are made with full recognition of the limitations of this database.

Identification of Important Sites

In the Appendix, we present the total maximum counts recorded for each species and species group in descending order of abundance. The counts represent the sum of the maximum counts of each site within 0.1° x 0.1° lat-long cells. We also provide the names of major sites within the identified lat-long cells. The values for latitude and longitude represent the center of the cell. Species summaries are presented in taxonomic order. Because large numbers of shorebirds are notoriously difficult to count, and because we suspect some large counts to be overestimates, we transected counts of six species and the respective species groups.

The classification of areas as sites or subsites is prob- lematic because the final maximum numbers differ whether an area is considered a site or a series of subsites. In general, large continuous areas that were divided into subsites for survey purposes (i.e., national wildlife refuges) were treated as one site. An exception to this is the Great Salt Lake area that we treated as several individual sites because of the vast area represented (> 15,000 km2

compared with <500 km2 for other sites). Eight sites within the Great Salt Lake area contained 95% of the shorebird sightings. For reference, we also ran the programs treating Great Salt Lake as one site, and present the counts in the Appendix. In general, maximum counts at Great Salt Lake were 12% lower in spring and about 46% lower in fall using the single site analysis rather than the multiple subsite approach. This difference is consistent with greater concentration of birds in the spring.

Data from 112 playa lakes in northwestern Texas (Davis 1998 and unpublished data) were treated each as an individual site. The primary difference if we had treated the entire playa lake region as one site is that additional entries in the Appendix would appear for this region. The maximum number of killdeer in spring was 180, American avocets in spring was 810, and long-billed curlew in fall was 974.

Results and Discussion

Map Interpretation

We categorized the maps and assigned species to one of five general patterns of migration (Figs. 2 and 3) based on the January through June coverage. Species with little data on migration distribution or with little or no division between wintering and breeding areas (snowy plover, Wilson's plover, mountain plover, black-necked stilt, American avocet, and long-billed curlew) were not assigned to one of these general migration patterns. The five patterns, narrow band, widespread, narrow band and widespread, jumps, and crossband, are graphically portrayed in Fig. 2 and described below.

Narrow Band

This category includes all of the long distance migrants, five intermediate distance migrants, and one short- distance migrant (Fig. 3). During spring migration more than 90% of the maximum counts of these species were within a narrow band extending between 90° W (the east- ernmost areas in this study) and 100° W longitude, roughly from eastern Iowa to central Kansas (Fig. 2); this band curves westward to between 100° W and 115° W longitude in Canada. These species are dispersed south to north along this band, extending from 25° N to 55° N latitude, with a preponderance of sightings in the prairie potholes. This pattern may change with additional survey coverage, especially in Manitoba.

Narrow Band and Widespread

Many individuals of two species, least sandpipers and short-billed dowitchers, occurred throughout the focal area, yet a large component of their populations (80- 90% of maximum counts) were within a narrow band described above. Although the two are classified as intermediate distance migrants, some individuals may be long distance migrants.

Jump

Four species of intermediate distance migrants (ruddy turnstone, red knot, sanderling, and dunlin; Fig. 3) that winter along the Texas coast appear to overfly much of


Narrow band Wide spread

55<

50<

45°

40°

35<

30°

25°

^vT ("^ ^^~~TT~- * J '" *

* T^s^s.

^N ' '"•>} 1 'fii'i'ii '" 1"1"" .miii ■>./■ "J"

""V/X. J-^-^k

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°

25°

Jumps

b$u

\ \" " f •• 50°

4bu

40°

35°

30°

25° P^k3g

Crossband 60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°

25°

Fig. 2. Patterns of migration exhibited by shorebirds based on January through June coverages.


Migration pattern

Narrow band

Narrow band and widespread

Jump

Widespread

Crossband

Short

Piping plover

Killdeer Willet Marbled godwit

Migration Distance

Intermediate

Upland sandpiper Semipalmated sandpiper Semipalmated plover Greater yellowlegs Lesser yellowlegs

Least sandpiper Short-billed dowitcher

Ruddy turnstone Red knot Sanderling Dunlin

Black-bellied plover Solitary sandpiper Spotted sandpiper Whimbrel Long-billed dowitcher Wilson's phalarope Red-necked phalarope

Western sandpiper

Long

American golden plover Hudsonian godwit White-rumped sandpiper Baird's sandpiper Pectoral sandpiper Buff-breasted sandpiper Stilt sandpiper

Fig. 3. Classification of shorebirds by migration pattern and migration distance.


the plains. Sightings of these migrants in the central plains are infrequent and of relatively small numbers, but large numbers have been recorded in one or more northerly areas.

Widespread

Several intermediate distance migrants and short- distance migrants that breed in the U.S. (Fig. 3) were distributed broadly throughout our focal area, although some occurred in large numbers at a few sites. Birds that migrate through Western Nevada generally use the Pacific Flyway (Warnock et al. 1998).

Crossband

Western sandpipers (Fig. 3) winter along the coasts of the southern U.S., Central America, and northern South America, and breed in northwestern Alaska. Dur- ing spring migration across the interior, this species is found in the greatest numbers between the Texas coast and the Great Salt Lake region and is infrequently sighted in the Northern plains.

Migration Chronology

The chronology histograms are intended to portray timing rather than spatial distribution or abundance; coverage and abundances differ between latitudinal bands. The histograms suggest two general patterns, hereafter called the quick passage and graduated arrivals. The Hudsonian godwit best represents the first pattern. Most (>90%) of the sightings occur in the midcontinent region during short time periods, late-April and May, and the sightings occur concurrently in latitudinal bands from 25° N to 50° N, suggesting that birds in need of refueling/ resting fall out at several places regardless of latitude. There is no suggestion that individual birds stop more than once in this path. White-rumped sandpipers, which also pass through the plains during a short time period, represent a variant of this quick passage pattern. The earliest arrivals of this species, however, stop in the south, first appearing along the Texas coast (25-30° N) in late April and first occurring between 35° N and 55° N during early May. White-rumped sandpipers depart the Texas coast by late May, yet remain in the northern bands (35° N-55° N) into early June.

American golden plovers depict the second pattern, graduated arrivals, most clearly. The plovers first appear along the Texas coast (25-30° N) in late February/early March and disperse from there by late April. Their arrival dates farther north correspond with latitude, becoming later with increasing latitude. They arrive in 30-35° N

in late March, 40^15° N in late April, and 50-55° N in early May. Semipalmated sandpipers also show a graduated pattern, arriving in 25-35° N in late March, from 35° N- 45° N in April, and from 45° N-55° N in May. A more gradual arrival pattern is demonstrated by stilt sandpipers; they appear in substantial numbers on the Texas coast in February, move northward from 30° N- 40° N in early April, appear between 40° N and 50° N in early May, and in 50°-55° N in late May.

Although the chronology histograms may suggest patterns, we cannot distinguish between different expla- nations for these patterns without further analyses or additional data. For example, graduated arrivals in different latitudinal bands may suggest that individuals are making short flights while moving northward. But this same pattern may occur if later arriving individuals settled north of earlier arriving individuals.

Spring Migration of the Genus Calidris - Preliminary Interpretations

This document provides insights about migration strategies of individual species and can be used to formulate new hypotheses and to evaluate existing ones. We demonstrate this with preliminary interpretations of spring migration patterns of 10 species comprising the genus Calidris.

Wintering habitat, migration distance, and breeding destination in concert appear to determine spring migration distribution. For example, five species in the genus Calidris that winter predominantly in the South American interior (semipalmated sandpiper, white- rumped sandpiper, Baird's sandpiper, pectoral sandpiper, and pectoral sandpiper) are considered "narrow band" migrants, those that occur mainly between 90° W and 100° W longitude as they cross the midcontinent region. Calidridines that winter in more northerly interior habitats are more widespread in distribution during migration. Least sandpipers winter in the southern United States and throughout Central and northern South America and are classified as "narrow band and widespread" because although they occur primarily between 90° W and 100° W longitude, they also range more westerly during migration.

The occurrence of birds all along the "narrow band", coupled with gradual arrival patterns at more northerly latitudes, suggest that some species make flights of short to intermediate distances ["hops" and "skips"; Piersma (1987)] rather than long distances ("jumps") between stopover sites. Semipalmated sandpipers, least sandpipers, and Baird's sandpipers are the most likely of the calidridines to "hop"; they are gradual in arrival pattern and broadly distributed along the "narrow band".


Least sandpipers are considered more "diffuse" and less concentrated at stopover sites than other calidridines (Cooper 1994). Highly variable fat levels and flight range estimates of semipalmated sandpipers suggest that many individuals departing central Kansas are not capable of long flights (Skagen and Knopf 1994b).

Pectoral sandpipers also probably make several feeding stops punctuated by short flights during northward migration across the North American interior (Fanner and Wiens 1999). An abnormally high count (18,700) in central Kansas in late May somewhat obscure the "gradual arrival" pattern in our chronology histograms. However, other counts in central Kansas average less than 300 during late May. Male and female pectoral sandpipers may differ in spring migration strategies. Farmer and Wiens (1999) conclude that female pectoral sandpipers are both time minimizers and energy maximizers, whereas males are strictly time minimizers in spring migration. Males migrate through Oklahoma earlier than females (Oring and Davis 1966; Holmes and Pitelka 1998).

Stilt sandpipers appear to have somewhat longer inter-stop flights, concentrations of stilt sandpipers along the Gulf Coast and in Kansas, North Dakota, and Saskatchewan but not elsewhere indicate that migration movements involve flights of hundred of miles (Klima and Jehl 1998). An alternative explanation for the patterns of gradual arrivals and broad distribution along the narrow band is that later migrants may settle to refuel at more northerly sites than earlier arrivals. Currently, we have no additional evidence to distinguish between these alternative hypotheses.

In contrast to the calidridines discussed above, white- rumped sandpipers do not arrive more gradually at more northerly latitudes. Rather, they appear to arrive at latitudes between 35° N and 55° N almost simultaneously and do so all along the south-north "narrow band", suggesting the concurrent termination of longer flights. Estimates of flight distances of birds departing the central plains (Skagen and Knopf 1994b), however, suggest that most birds do need to refuel before reaching their breeding grounds. White-rumped sandpipers employ both "short- distance multiple-stop" and long-distance non-stop" flight patterns when crossing South America (Harrington et al. 1991; Parmelee 1992) and probably do so across North America as well.

Calidridine species that winter exclusively in coastal habitats are more likely to make long flights to specific regions during spring migration than interior wintering birds. We categorized the migration strategies of three Calidris species (red knot, sanderling, and dunlin) as "jump" because they appear to overfly the central plains

as they proceed northward. During migration, red knots occurred in the largest numbers along the Gulf Coast and shores of large lakes of Saskatchewan, but not elsewhere. Red knots that breed in western North America are believed to winter along the southern Pacific and southern Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America and in southern coastal regions of South America, whereas breeders from Greenland and northeast Canada cross the North Atlantic to winter in western Europe (Hayman et al. 1986). If this is so, the birds recorded in Saskatchewan may have been refueling after a long flight from the Gulf and southern Atlantic coasts. Although some red knots are present along the Gulf Coast throughout the winter, a large influx of birds in late April and early May indicates that migrants from more southerly wintering areas use these areas as stopovers as well. This species is believed to typically make long flights between stopover sites (Hayman et al. 1986).

Sanderlings occurred in the largest numbers along the Gulf Coast, the Great Salt Lake area, and along shores of large lakes of Saskatchewan and Alberta, and only small flocks were recorded elsewhere. Sanderlings traveling northward along the Pacific Coast of South America apparently continue north through Texas and the Central Plains (Myers et al. 1990); this species is known to typically fly long distances between sites (Hayman et al. 1986). That they occur in large numbers in Saskatchewan and not elsewhere in the Central Plains is consistent with a jump strategy, but whether sanderlings in Saskatchewan originate on the Pacific or Gulf coasts is not clear.

Dunlin wintering on the Gulf Coast {Calidris alpina hudsonia) appear to overfly the Central Plains, but to occur regularly and in large numbers in the Prairie Pothole Region of eastern North and South Dakota. The limited numbers recorded in the midcontinent except the Dakotas suggest that birds migrating through the interior may fly directly from Gulf Coast wintering sites to the Prairie Potholes before their final flight to the breeding grounds (Warnock and Gill 1996).

The migration pattern exhibited by the Western sandpiper differs from all other calidridines crossing the midcontinent. Our findings support the earlier interpretations of a "diagonal" migration (Senner and Martinez 1982; Butler et al. 1996) of western sandpipers especially during southward migration and of smaller numbers in the interior during spring migration (Wilson 1994). Three birds banded in British Columbia have been recaptured in Kansas (Senner and Martinez 1982; Butler etal. 1996) supporting the ideas that some individuals are splitting off the Pacific Coast route to cross portions of the continent (Senner and Martinez 1982).


Habitat Requirements

Habitats used by shorebirds migrating across the midcontinent region include a variety of types, including beaches; tidal flats; sand flats; alkali lakes; margins of lakes, ponds, wetlands and reservoirs; plowed and fallow agricultural fields; sewage treatment plants; and lagoons. We describe the range of microhabitats used by foraging birds in the species accounts in terms of water depth and vegetation structure. Sources contributing to this information include Helmers (1992), Hayman et al. (1986), and Birds of North America accounts.

Because in general, body size is a useful indicator of the water depths used by foraging birds, we grouped species accordingly to facilitate management applications. In general, small shorebirds require relatively unvegetated wet mud and shallow water of depths ranging to 5 cm, medium sandpipers and yellowlegs up to 10 cm, and large shorebirds up to 20 cm.

Management Applications

This document can be used to identify areas critical to migrating shorebirds, to assist in decisions on conservation and acquisition efforts, and to provide planners and land managers with a perspective of scale necessary to properly manage for migrating shorebirds in the interior of North America. In addition to highlighting key migratory stopover areas, the maps also demonstrate the expanse of landscape used by shorebirds, supporting the idea that many shorebird species depend upon the accumulative effect of many smaller wetlands over a large area (Skagen and Knopf 1993; Skagen 1997).

This document can help ensure that habitat management activities coincide with shorebird use of habitats. Land managers can use the distribution maps to determine what species or groups of shorebirds are ex- pected to occur in areas of interest, use the chronology histograms to predict the timing of migration, and use the species accounts to ascertain the preferred wetland microhabitats. For example, wetlands in eastern South Dakota host many small sandpipers throughout May. If possible, land managers should provide substrates that are bare or only sparsely vegetated and covered with water no deeper than 5 cm to accommodate these birds. Me- dium sandpipers, common in central and northern North Dakota from late July through the end of September, use a variety of habitats with up to 12 cm of water. American golden plovers, which use sparsely vegetated wetlands

and fields with up to 8 cm of water, are prevalent in eastern North Dakota from mid-September to mid-October.

Ideally, management for shorebirds in the midcontinent will take place within the broader context of integrated wetland management for a diversity of wildlife species and will take a landscape approach that is based on the paradigm of wetland habitats as dynamic systems (Laubhan and Fredrickson 1993, 1997; Skagen 1997). As such, a reasonable goal is not to provide the required microhabitats for migrating birds at the same wetlands each season if doing so compromises wetland health. Rather, we should assure that sufficient suitable habitats occur somewhere on the larger landscape. Interior-migrating shorebirds have evolved with unpredictable stopover resources and are able to find suitable microhabitats in a temporally dynamic and spatially complex landscape.

Distribution Maps and Migration Information for

Species Groups and 37 Shorebird Species

On pages 16 to 113, distribution maps for two time periods (January-June and July-December) are provided for species groups (all shorebirds, long distance migrants, intermediate distance migrants, short distance migrants, all plovers, small sandpipers, medium sandpipers, all small shorebirds, all medium shorebirds, and all large shorebirds) and for 37 shorebird species in taxonomic order (see Table 2 for order). The shading patterns on the distribution maps indicate the sum of the maximum number of birds recorded at each site regardless of year within a 100 km2 cell. Refer to the Appendix for more specific count information and locations. Histograms portraying the timing of migration across 5° latitudinal bands from 25°N to 55°N are provided for all species and most species groups. See the Data Analysis section for further explanation of methods. The locations with the greatest number reported for each species/species group are based on information from the Appendix.

Chronology histograms were constructed by summing the maximum number of species/species group reported at each site across seven 5° latitudinal bands for 24 time periods, two time periods per month. Note that there are different scales on the various graphs, identified by shading patterns denoting relative abundance (darker shades are used for greater numbers of birds). The chronology histograms are intended to portray timing


rather than spatial distribution or abundance; coverage and abundances differ between latitudinal bands.

Range maps were constructed using information contained in Hayman et al. (1986), Morrison and Ross (1989), Howell and Webb (1995), and respective Birds of North America accounts. On the range maps, solid black denotes breeding range, the stippled pattern denotes winter range, and the hatched pattern denotes year- round residency.

Reference to Figs. 2 and 3 will help in identifying overall patterns relative to migration distance (see maps for species grouped by migration distance). The distribution maps for species groups based on body size can be used in concert with the chronology histograms to suggest guidelines for land managers. Species were grouped by body size as an overall indicator of habitat requirements relative to water depth.


Distribution Maps and Migration Information for

Species Groups and 37 Shorebird Species


n o C/)

SHOREBERD MIGRATION IN MIDCONTINENTAL NORTH AMERICA 17

o CD

i IT)

O O O o" m

c o

spjiq jo jaqturiN

o .2

co C

"^ o

IK T3 I.

• ■■I Ä s- o

in

G o «a

CQ HJ CD Ä

5 <*>

CD CD -^ fa U Ü

*|

s ^ ^ C^

CO e/T C CD O ^

cö ,_)

00

"* CD ^

3

Co -j

S3 c2 o S £ ^3 co rs U£

■M g

Ü CO

.S £ CO CD

~° tt cO ™

„ on

l"S CO 'S

> CO

o cO

cO cO

CD O c_j _i^ I-, .*

&Q

CD

C*

43 tJ O

cO

•BO cO o

CO J2 CO [T.

° S CO CÖ

<, CO cO £ C 2 3 S 00 c

c CO

CD

o to J4

CO

E o cO

O CO « CO

(O X 00 CD

e^

cO c CO

3^£ CO

OO

cO

CO CO

=*> c ■■ O

Ü0 cO

^C co 7 CO

CO ^

.s ^ cO u

s >

CO Ö o

CO •c o

5^ a CO O

&o PQ

CD

CO

CD 3

i-l

o

CD

s ON

PQ — m Q

cO

o M

cO

Q

o

CO

> CD



g ca cö B to

cS cö

u cö O 0> J-4

0)

O £

* C

O < cö 

 ex ex W)

o -♦->

Sand

p ip

er

pipe

r *ex

c T3

C CO

L. CO S 2 u B

o

O O c CO o

o Ü c cö

•a ■rum

pec

s Sa

ndp

al S

and

andp

ipe

reas

ted

Size

: S

ing

Gui

W) B

o 1/3 <8 T3 o co -°

O c j-J c5 ro cj ■-C 3 o o J << K ^fflCL, co CQ ffl ta

- C J4

§1 '£

w5 22 +-; ü £ « pfi n [L

■* .2 * JS m ■*

£ § £

'5 fl ■•§

c ca

u

o

CO CO

CO

.a0 CO

1/1 <D

C0" ^

« ex n3 cö

CO

s O

43 cö

5^

is o § •x .2

CO CO

3 3

Q on



OH

'EH -o u &0 ■

-o CD

OH J> T3 OH

e S-

W)

s

00

i3 -S C CO O, CD

on on CD

CD

OH

GO

U (U

O o

5 ° D P

•d gp o S

+■» 4) Gfl >

O

CU •rt CS CD

cu 'S F X>

i_ M 0) O

CD > o

S 13 o

*J cd

PQ

t/5

§?&

cu c3

l-c "

CD w rfa U

0) OH o

1> ~ O- cö P 13

cu

o CU

J2 -O

CD CU OH.O-

'SH'OH

Ö c cö cö

on C/D

a v TO -t-> -4-> +-> a o O OH

CO &0

CD OH

°OH -o

TO &0 -o c TO

CD

OH^

CD c o •4-* C/i

E

P4 PÜ

CD

O t-* OH

<o 2

Ef-S I "8 •-o g CD c C 0)

s ? &o *g • • O cu •a w» cc .5

^ i. o © M &

Ö o ■& CO

CO CO

.9 fe4 u >> te ro I H

<s ^ CU ■a

Ö

OH

Efl

c

I1 cd •*-> cu c«

--^ cu &DJ3 O WD

OH-*

~& ^

5 4> CCJ HM CD •"•

-Ü «5

CD

TO c TO

S TO

^ TO" CU

cu H

TO H-l

cu o

P4 C+H

^ .S

c«

s o tJ o

P3 CD TO S t« CD +j

Ä fa u o

cd u g

o c S ^ ' » fö cd cd

S.2 « •g t3 I 1d^^ •^ «i ^ S n o

w cd >

«J _, CO

^ c c

3 cd cd

0) Öl)

a cd i) +->

ei o

n) TO hb Q 2

O

13 [A

c <i) ü y

cd cd _1

'A VI

CD >

rs c/T +-> +J t/3 ,eö 13 PH

<= C TO

TO

ed

(/5



c es •- (Ml

**m

w c Ö h 5; ov

er

d St

ilt

5 ^ K ^ u ainP

l ne

cke

o 43 W5 Sn

owy

Pipi

ng

Wils

on

Kill

dee

Mou

nt

Bla

ck-i


1


spjjq jo jaqturiN

Vi U

> o

> O

-o

l-

> o

* 3 u

13 ^ ■

o CO

5 ■ir

U5

o ö -3 c >

E S

'S .S *ö 3

fin g '3

£ o

c cd

"ab

CO 3 cr CO is

p -2 3 ^

•3 g 2 c

£ a 00 3 .. O

•a w> er .5

O O

ft T3

. Ü 1 <z>

<L> ,-, "O o

B e £•? « > Ä o

« c w .2

.5 ©

t/3 CO 1/1 c CO

cö <D

CO

CO

cd

cd X O

■M cd

P

tS o

cd C

O tö 00 'en

cd

cd

£ o cd

O cuT 00

o (3

1/1 II o 2 öS

2 * a?S<!

T3 C cd

C O

3 P

cd

5

C to JO C

o ed

P

f O <u

cd C o

c 0) cd

4-» ^~r cd

VI


c

E


C o

spjjq jo jeqiunN

u a

.5* '5, •a e «

S t/2

CD

& 'S, -o c CO

-O

cd

l-H CD &,

'&, C CO

C/5

cd i-c

.& 2 Sc«

CD CD KT

CD &

Ö °° &

1*1 3 t/3 ttf>

U tot

8 -S -a to |£ PQ

CD O C *^ * IT! CD CD

Tab ^

ü ^ *£J -4-* o a, t-i CD &. -a o U

~3 to £ r£ " -O

O W W) M e c

O

W) W> u u o o

PQ to to

T3 Ö U ft

CD u "> % cd CX .. t« 09

o c

£ ©

if 5 05 O

cd Q

o

CD" •id cd

to

cd

cd

o m > CD

O to

cd M

cd

E o td

cd C/3

C ü to an 3§a

cd E o cd

o <u"

<S CD

«a

& cd toi *0 cd fö C > 2 £

!Z CD

.S to

to o

cd cd t/3 O



z 0 in in

i o lO

1

1 1 i i

o o o o~ in ^-

in CO

■ o CO

o o o in CO

o CO

0

in CM

o o o o" in

Q

Z

O

CO

<

c o

spjiq jo jeqiuriN

CU G,

S- U a 'a ■a c «

CO

E _s ■3 cu

05

£ I cu >- ><

CU u-

1) 05

Ö.3

l-l l-c CU CU

OH OH

c c CO CO

3 Ü CO -*-» ■4-» 4-» IS O O OH

CO 00

CU OH

'OH -a c CO ^

CO o

OH CU D »5

CU OH

"o. T3

•a o c t5 cä CU

oo p..

OH T3 c c0

u «J

OH m 'ft trS *T3 CO C cu

e CO fe CO J?

"2 A « 3 •43 3 « co an

CU 0)

5 ° Q Q

o S j= o CO _1

S o

O

10 "i. .2 C

CU C CO CU

>-i <D

x> o l-l o- o

* s OHT3

-a o

c o "H3 t/J 3 CO g CO

<S c0

o1 CO

i H .O ^H ^ <-> .£ c

g £ OH CU

< c0 2 -Ö

CO 3

i< cu ~

co .5

?se CO CO

£ £> J> X) -M S , W5 »5

5 >-S?S 2 o X! es M

0) >

Ml % a « 05 CU

Ml ÖÜ « 4J V) >> O

> l-l b CO

o PQ

C cO a co CU +^

CO

O

P

o

CU

CO

05 C S_H

4-> 05

y> co

c3 ^ CO Ö

„ tö <M X cu 3 M co

CO ^

r—I CU

3 i

CU 00 05

is a> ö H-l M H

0 Ja 

o •s

CO o 3



in ■ o

o o o in

o o o o o o in

C o

spjiq jo jequiriN

CO

■a u

tu I- e

JS V>

> o

& 'a. ö CO

&0

CD

3

S"

c Co

s r s

VI

c o o -3

00 !>

to > — S ~ c a » a « '3 .5 '2 t« S .& § 4J

(Zl PL, C/3 !>

a, T3 C cö l-H

CD

a, -o c a

CO cö CD

t/3

-a '3 ffl

£->

2 "^ '+3 ^ ■a u g ts CD ^ H .. .. CS

s « o « DC W) e c

CD

co Cd CO

C cd

cd" CD

e ID ft

1)

cd cd

cd ^

CO »5

cd

e

cc .a .a ^ WO M

© o © 09 to to

O B ~ 3 2 © id w

i 4J

8^

5 CO 1) 0J «sO.tS CD co

> *

r1>

o

tu

cd

CO

1 So cd

cd CO

O O CO cd

C cd CD c

X cd U J

cd

e o

o CD Ü0

cS CD

P*

s £ £2 CD KT|

X >> cd ° Z-, *o

cd -a ^! c/5 cd

CO ^ ^

CD co cd

cd cd

"AH O

<5v*3 «



o CD

in

o o o

c o

spjiq jo jaqiuriN

0) > o

.C

u ©

r/1 ied

Plov

e G

olde

n-P

Plov

er

ello

wle

gs

en t-H

& 'cl

s 9

1 s •? -S

l-c CD ta

in

erY

CD ><

&0

& ^ G u » -ä fl) cd -a o _

a o § e

<D >>

° 2 00 p4

u CD

& "a, c cd

T3 C

"a.

CD .O O t-i OH

o '•§ cr CO

:> cö

•c en CD

fc CD H

ex CD CD

CN

(N O

' % S g CX-Q

-o o ir! «3 X> 2 & i

CD "

si •a a> t/3 .5

«SO » O eS

'5b Ä "03 ,5 CD

c .2 en IS cd c <"

o CO

!§ ^ 22 to 5 (D

cö

O

cd

Q 43

CD tsO M

5 — «SO

T3 f= O CD l4

•<' cd CD u CM

CO M cd

crt s HJ

ce CO 43 s en

S S o u

2 1

CO

ccf

CO

43 o ■« en

s o

+-» -4-> o

1) +-> en t/> rrt +^

JS M

tp*

CO

CD M

cd

4*ä en cd

cd

E C rrt

n PQ HJ en ^

S3 M v-i 2 .3

«SO — Ig« 2-Bi *o cd *r •S ^ f cd" <3 *g cd 2 O £ j£ "'S

&0 -

l"S •ts 2

Ö Wild g .S "5 § MM -5 « <D «SO U > o

S ^ <D

£ >> cd <•_> CD CD

CD 3 ^ cd

I—I CD

3 i

cd >

O 43

cd

cd

cd C

3> cd


C/5

SHOREBIRD MIGRATION IN MIDCONTINENTAL NORTH AMERICA 3 5

z o

in i o m

i

,

■■■•■•■•:•■•■-.•:-

o o o of

|

o m

i m

T

o o o CO

? m CO

ö [ CO

T

r r

o o °- I 00 . I

o CO

I

in CM

Q

Z

o

CO

<

c o

spjjq jo jeqiunN

•a u

I- o

JS V)

CU WO u a J

S? •*

T3 CD

O 0) c I

o cd

s

Ü o

c cd O 'C

CD

u CD

O j>

_ ca CD

o

Co 3 cr cö

CD

0) H

J a .. O 4) .a w>

P9 to

£ o o

o^ o

B o

X '•3 c u ft

u 13 ■ 8

■5 g OH -O

T3 O +-> (U CD

t3 S3 > X -M

■^ 'S S td

§^

CD 00

■si o s 2 -a cd rs o £ cS g>-«3 8 Ü 2 - J2 "-P T3 O cö C

.S % £

L-, 7T *-*

&Ä o CD Ä o ^5 «

Is w Ü g WD 00 00 i. >

o to

U cö

c/3

cö CD

cd £d

85 |

> c cd

O XI

cd

c/2 cd CO

C cd

cd" CD

C cd

X

C/3 cd X 0) H

CD

g td *>■ cd ^

i 1 c/j ed

«S M '=3 -5^ ^

cd °* c«

-2 to cd

_> "o ffl

.,-, td

c« t5

O h-1

o o CQ +->

c ^ » B

02

cd C o

e

PQ

en


I QJ

OJ

CO

§

8


in in o m

o m

■ m

o o o CD

I 1 i

o o o CM*

in -fr ■ o

o o o CM*

z 0 o

1 m CO

I

;:':£,: C':

o o o CM*

m CO

i o CO

o o o CM*

z o O co

t in CM

Q

Z

O

CO

<

c o 2

spjjq jo jaqiunN

.2

a

I U Sl > e

•a

-i w

«

s o

3 o "5b -g

§■ CO

•a ts d> fc u H

i (U

O

3 +*

•a a1 cc .5

IS *■ O O

2 8 * to

.S 'S ee so es g> ©

CO "T3 "•a * 1 £ 8 a>

■Ö "°

7. ^ S s- es «

o o

S 2

3 «so S c

•n .2 E ~ CO -t-i

+■> o o +-<

o «g

^2 o ^ • - C

•O co

8 jap fc.g .23 «5 ■o o

-o c cö O

'S 8<

§^ ü Co

■M CD

«J CO J3

cö X

H

«50 CO

Ö CO

O

S ffl ••« es Q PM s s

.2 .2 es es u u W) WD • ST .ST w

3 o o

i f

M <D

cö in

"J TTl S V 03 3 ■M D 00

•SO"*

p O |J xf c/i

•c ca

PL, Ö o

"S ti CO ,cü « "£ W "5 "3 fll

en CO (Zl

cd h—1 -a

= S „ a «i

3&Ü

CO X

H

a o

cc c

, CÜ

fc H

CO t:

to ^

CO 1)

I ^ o u cq pq

3 8 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE REPORT 3


m 10 o m

in

i o o

i

in CO

in CO

i o CO

j

o o o CD

o o o CD

i

z o O CO

i m CM

O

CO

<

c o

o o o CD"

H -d J o o o CD"

o o o co"

o o o co"

spjiq jo jaqiunN

■§

I u > ©

e 2 O B

*E

s <


i o c

IT) "fr

i O

O

■

CO


in CO

o CO

o o o co"

o o o co"

o o m

~z- US 0 R8888S o *"** co 1 m

CM

o UBi o T"| in HU

CO

spj-q jo jeqiunN

Ö

"00

B o en O

T3

OH

T3

CO

g- CO is cd

•c o o u >

2 +-> x o

ü .. e s- es i ° t3 -t-> cd

O £_

£s O O —i o ,13

'S <* 2*2 a, *

.22 öo

XT' OH CD M tö 00 l-i -i CD C

co s o

•9 3 O

cd

o a o v

1

CO

CO

XS -5 5 ;— eS Q PH e c © o

3 o o o cfl bj)

e s o u «I

-a W>

J3

«C (50

bO cd

3 ä; "3 <g

Ö

CO C o '§ Z

CO U IH cd (O

cd cd

WO cd O 0.2 C ST1 S?

Bb a g g fc-Sa^ e a • W) es la

■©

es es s. u W) WO S..2P

•f .3 13 b

sss • p-1

cd

>

v5 a

I z (20

Pi *H

•3 ,v =3 3

g B •-Ö o

(L> PQ

CO r-<

i-l 5 «-. « <u ^

PQ O


I C o

5

e e e in O m m m * § m

eo

SHOREBIRD MIGRATION IN MEDCONTINENTAL NORTH AMERICA 43

o CO

1 in CM

spj;q jo jaqtunN

C rn Cd /-)

00

.2 'S b

Co

cr CO is cö

l-H Co a, CO

<D Co

CD <r-

T3 .. «

tJ o .G c/3

.. Ü N M

£5 .S

PQ ta

l u «- ä > «

MS O •S S '5 ec an «

o

E i 'I S

*e3 -♦-» o o

o

x3 a> 0) en G i-i

.i>s. cö T3

O ^

es u

Si PM ..

o .2

OX) o<

J2 I Ü CO

O |

I §

o a cö

£S5

a, < H

TI-

l-H TS w

G o

Of) w +J

HG C/5 rrt

G G (1) •c 9 r/i OH C/J

e u *e3 >n •w G

t/i o ri 4J

£ ■fi

ii 3 ^DJU £ o n IG T3 n JS G

+* cd

00 £ «a

ri VI <l> ■*-> cu l-H 4-! +■> Tt top W5 cd

OH

en cö X 0) H

<LT «SO

« Sri cd t) M

H & H "°" ^ „_r G rG ^3 is s s ^ > i2 t—I _ W - (S H

ogfi tJ y o Cfl S ^_>

8? « ?? cd ^ J£ Occ cd

CO ri-, „ O ^

CA c/3 c/3 cd cd +2

■g cd I-

>—I 3 > G 00'-3 S cd O

<*> _l PQ

cd X ^* CO _ cd cd 52

o g 'td <

cd O T3 PH I-.

«so h «s 2 td &

C/5


I

E Q.

E


m I

o

o o o C\f

o in

i m

m ■*-

o

o o o CM"

o o o c\f

C o

spjiq jo jaqiunN

CO

s

.a t/3

en

a o

cd O CD +->

60 O

a- cd

cd

£ I

'E s Id o

C+H o

CD T3

4) -O

'S m - 6 1

en

cd OH en

1/5

H

4 cd" <D

CD

cd

s o cd

O

eu J2

(WO

en 2 cd C X 2 CD \£

12 *■ 5 © PQ fe

W .>; M "cd .a CD

es a? ©

.2 at Q PM

B s .2 .2 es es u u M) WD

5 m B

"en u a

1-

■<-> en •■? ÖD £ .s <» .SP«

CD <Q

Cd r-(

cd <D

si o .2

cd X CD H

CD"

<s CD

p4

CJ Cd

5 =* -C cd

CD c c CD >> CD

jC cd O on

<£ cd 3 £ T3 CD

| en

^ S3 ^ 2 Ä ffl C

cd

sss CZ3


I [a.


I o m

o 10

i m

z o m o

o I m

CO

z o in CO

i o CO

o o CM

CO i m

CM

Q

CO

o o eg CM CM

spjiq jo jaqiunN


V V

0 o 0>

8

a » 5 a a 25 5 o» t 3 T* «2283

»J- J= m r= in ■


m in

i o m

1

o o o

c O

spjjq jo jaqiunN


i c

• Mi

c 3 O 5

0) 8

E

8*

SHOREBIRD MIGRATION IN MIDCONITNENTAL NORTH AMERICA 51

Z o O in

i m

o

o

:

o o o o

10

o in CO

ö CO

z o o CO in CM

o o m

CO

C o

spjiq jo jaqiunN

B t-l O

<ü id

'*± I ft}

+-> CD

13

C ,bp '55

~ O rt

CO

en

CD b H

cö cö ££ 3 -w

0) ~

S3

33.5

O O pa fe

es

es

e i- es w •w ^ •■r es Q PM S S o o WD "S

.s $ M) (DO es ü

N S ,2 S3 bO 5, §

cö -7 +J ■*->

O cö .*-> .—i

<+-( o O ^H

S Ig 'is t~-

"5 ^ u. C CD c3

" a>

■a oo TO _ D .a

O 3

o

I 2

T3

g ft CM

es es u u DC W)

e

H S 2

JS o ecu

fe cö

I« -C

"S 9

to cö CO CO

CD cö H ^ -o >;

£s i> CD cö S*

C+H

cö O .£ ts O £

cd

O "O

cd i-i

JD *o O >i

3 O O

>, ID U

3 ^r o o >>5

S §-^

en O P^

1,-8 «I o

CZ2


e e e O IO O « Iß IA 3 9

o in m

0

8 e u> CM

(/)

.8 U

c -±

CO

g

8

a a o

n 2 _£ 5

il S i- u I-" A

in m

B o in 3 s

e in m

a O w


If) If)

i O if)

C

r

[

o o

0 o If) If)

o o o

1

If)

co

o CO

If) CM

O O O 0~ O

o o o o o o

o o o

LL

c o

spjjq jo jeqiunN



0

m i o

lO

1

o o o lO

\

z 0 o m

1 m

1

?llllillli: ■;;

•.-.■.-.■.■.

. Iv^viv:-;;-;;-;

1

o o o

m CO

o CO

o o o in

o CO

i m CM

Q

Z

O

<

spjiq jo jaqiunN

c o u (D ft O X5 o U ffi PQ



in m i o

in

o o o CM"

m i o

CO

o CO

I in CM

O

<

C o 2

o o o CM"

o o o co"

spjjq jo jeqwr»N


&

0>

01

8

8

09

09 S w 2 JS aoTo

21 ? S t> *2888;


10 CO

I o 00

o 00

I in CM

o o o o" CM

o o o o" CM

o

<

c o

spjjq jo jeqiunN a a i 3 O es CÖ o

o ■a

o CO

H - ca

«> 2Pc3 H



10

6 io

o i

io

o o o o CM

O O O Ö" CNJ

If)

o o o

spjjq jo jequinN



Z 0 IT) m

i o in

o m iö ö

o in CO

in CO

i o CO

( tr co

i in CM

o o

o o CO

o o o co"

-

1

o o CD

O O O co"

O o

CO

<

spjjq jo jaqtunN

•I .a as

I Im

a e.

■o a «

<Z5

e


o • ■■1


z o m m

i o in

i llillp

iiilll

o o in

o in ■ m

m ■ o

o

in

in CO

i o 00

o o o oo"

o o o oo"

o o o oo"

o o in

z o o CO

1 in CM

o o o o"

Q

Z

o

CO

<

c o

spjgq jo jaqiunN



in in

i o m

o o

Q

CO

c o 2

LL

spjiq jo jaqiunN

4) eö -^ MM«



10 m i o

If)

O If) IT) "fr

If) ■fr

Ö "fr

O

i LO 00

lO 00

f o 00

o 00

I IT) CM

O O

o o CO

o o CD

O O lf)

O O lf) O

O CD

C0

c o

spjiq jo jeqiuriN M O o

a I-, o

c ^

cö "O

b *0

■S5 & S cö cö

§■£ < .. .. es

S es o w

WD MI s c

s

.a V> v M M

,i> es es © o o

PP to to

CÖ M

l cu

0) B > es o +* o .ss WD

"T3 e cö

o b cö

=3 ÖD g £ c "§ .S o .S

e^ |

3 o .a o cS g

o ^ • - C

-O cö S ÖD b.g O-i rv

^ O

^ c cö •-

t-i 3 DQ °

O Ja

B 4»

+■> es to S

1 s-a Ml Dl'« 2r I» <"

B 9

S 3 +- x c« CD

J3 M

M._r

5« 'S

S2S 53

cö

E o

.0 cö

32 O cö

î *± o C -C 3 cö

U O t-.

o c ÖD 3 cö O £0

£ ^

"SO t/3

«ö s

U

cö

s o

J3 cö

32 O

3 o U 0) c

'S 3 cö

ja +-» 3 O

t/3

cö

c 3 O U cn 0)

1 cö

cö X! tu H tu ÖD

<S <u

-o

cö C o

c cö

U K


0)

E

I V 8

3 C


o in m

i o

o 10

i IT)

lO

o

o I

in CO

o o CO

o o CO

o o CO

o o CO

o in CO

ö CO

o CO

I in CM

Q

Z

o

<

c o

o o CO

o o o c\f

spjiq jo jaqtunN

►CL l-i CO

> m H


3 u

c Q


in in

i o m

o m ■ in

o o o o o o

spjiq jo JoqwnN

a 8 c s a

a 5

"C

u

i a o

to n i« (j ^ 5: S. Si S 5 £> £> C4 14 **> .S3 ,53 ,s .9 o

PH P-( P-i C/3 H


o <J c .2 #E o

3 X


m m i o

to

o in

I in

o o o

m

o

o «a-

I in CO

m co

■ o CO

J o o o CM"

o o o CM"

o o o

o o o

o CO

I m CM

o o o CM"

o

CO

<

c o

LL

spjjq jo jaqiutiN

••c e s

•a © 0 a .2 '3 o Vi

s W


-a o

5


in ID

i O m

o 10 in

o o o in

o o o

m CO

o o o o" in

o o o in

m CO

CO

o o m

o CO

in CM

o o o in

Q

Z

o

<

c o

spjgq jo jequjnisj


V

c

3

o O

8

o) o» 5 0> 2 't *P I-*

- " II A

e in in

e O in !? 9

a in m


o CO

I m m

in ■ o m

o m i

in

o o o CM"

in i o

o o o

o o o

1

o o m

o i

m

1

o o m

m CO

i o CO

o o m

c o

o o o

LL

spjjq jo jeqwriN

o

0> Ö CO (U

o '3 3 cr cO

ia co

o g

2P -s

CO

O

o ■2 £

CO

X

H

<D

CD

h

I*

•a w> GO .5

5 © ffl to

, a> ■"

+-> CO —4

■° o E ft *"' <3

^ -° ..

Tl

^ O

o ;—{ H* ô # "O VO co • * OH hn

13

c 5 *e 0,0 0 00

.. ,_ O

■2 > 5

> MS O .5 ° *• fa O £ * cfl •-" Ö » ^3 .S w P

■a «> fa -C -M 3 .SP *a ^ " .a

c«

Co

O O

00 CO

Hi?"

«3 o S

m ^ .M *a >^ — st ^, a

co .a

.5 £ C S ^ cO O *co

2^ CO

CO >

Q o

c o o

oo T3 cO co

h4 PH

£^ «S

00 " „, =0 O W (U

5P SP a> CO P o

t/3 C/3


O c

4>


in in

i o in

o in ■ in

m

ö o

i in CO

m oo

■ o CO

H o o o CO

o o CO

o o CO

CO I

in CM

CO

c O

o o CO CO

spjjq jo jaqiunN

c*f

a s «

o e

e o

in O S ■"-> cö a)

•o ^

.3 fe

0) Ü

£.13

U

!S * S IH

£ < .. .2 -y

5 •"= ä

•jOffl N WD WD

c» .s .s v Ml M i> es es © e o

PQ to to

CO x>

u c es

OH

E 3

> M

** s *5 — « ä

CO

> WD

es to s

es 60

s° S3 O^ .CO O t^->

<" s -t-> CO

2 (30

U WH O OH c " o in o.S +-• i-

>-&

^ 3

e £

.2 "3 £ o

K* o

T3 e R-

CO *J

o 2 o «fi

Ö0*5

O *s

1/! CO X <u H xf o a a m T3 C cö

B X! o 'S CO CO

OJ

CO

g 'S

cd e CO

3 O

•c cö to c o CO t-i

CO

X (D H

c CO

I X ü

C ca

CO CO CO ^ C cö c<J ^ H co -? cö

on

CO

cd

-H Ä .3

sss

u l-H CD H *a a cö

o to _ ^_r es

&3

CO CU

co" ^ a» cö

H-l c

cö XJ A CO fc< •"-! "* »*H


V

c

in in ■ o in

o in in

o o o ö o

o o o in

0 in «a-

i o ■t

o o o in


m oo

z 0 O

i m 00

I

o o o CM"

1

1

o 00

o o o CM"

c o

spj|q jo jaqiunN

$3 DC G

"C

s es

s GO o

id o S 3 X! i

c (1) ü 6

g s Co

+-» O ■S5

o -t-> -M rn O

o £

s ° CO >%

© c

CD CD

O

-o C+H

ft, < §

^ 0) »-C hi

CO OH CO

O

S CD

co

0) OH en a» n u

c CO

1 ■s

o to r/1

£

CD

CD tN 55

-a

Cv) CO

CD u CO

CD

S s © u

-t-> o

CO

t: CD

J-l o tö CO

5 CO CD

CO 00

CD"

CD

tö

ragi

ng G

uild

: A

ra

ging

Hab

itat

: 1- <L) > O O

CD >

■s (30 CD >

u e es

Q s o

•■* -*■» es i- Ml

s >- CD

■w ■*->

es CM e ©

• MM

■*-<

es i- M

CD xs o

c

CD a

ü ü O on

CD -C WO

JS

*£ CD

°&o

M 55

Qui

ll L

akes

, Sa

sk

Ref

lex

Lak

es,

Alb

C

hapl

in L

akes

, Sa

Co

CD .id cö

hJ +J

cd C/3

td CD

a

CO

g 'S 'S o

ccj

C/3 cö

t/J

wf CD

■a CD C 'S S o

M © © ££ •p*

Q



m m

i

o in

o in

i m

o o o in eg

o o o o"

z o in

I 1

WMmM

o o o in CM

i

o

If) CO

o o o o" CO

30-3

5°N

\

L

o o o m"

z 0 o co in CM

i iiilliii

o o o m CM

mm

1

Q

Z

o

CO

spjiq jo jaqiunN

E o

u +->

CD >

CD .c

O ü

f ■> I-1

§■£

§ -O Ä ^ s o« o a

Ml Ml e s

• mm *mm

M) M) es es u u o o

4J .a tzi

o

«Ü CD

Eo 2 o c

8S i CD

u e > es o +■> o .2 u Q

■£ a Ki O

* '■§ tso 2 *> »ft

cö *— ■ScS

O M

■o "O a g CD en

ffl as b ^ ° c3 ^ 52 <D o

S S .SP es co

PH .. ä

C B §

-a 2 -a 2 s s

§

C5 ™ cd

- 4-> co O <D ^d

cd %

-a <9<

CD £ S ° SP- cd cu

■a

cS

£

cd s o cd 2 O

CD" ÖD

3

CO cd X CD

H cu"

a

£Q-^

•^ M) "° IS e ja 5 -"a

«d „

co J2

q ft.

M £ £ S S S CO

• ■■«

CZ)

CD >■>

CD

o

ö cd

3

o

co O cd "T3

c/3 cd

co^ CD co M C °S 'cd

d s

o U

Cd

u

cd

cd CO

O O CO cd

CD <,

-cd g


c


z 0 O m ■ in

r

L

L

o o o

m i o

CO

1

CO

o CO

in CM

c o

LL

spj;q jo joqiunisi

CD G cö CD

"ob CD

x> o >-. ex Ü

■-§ §■

s Ü

IT)

o 'S

S «WD

53 .S

« fa

CD OO

-4-> CO o- a, CD i/i

*o o

►* c3 £ -° i

"5 u

■2 > •s ° CD

WD tö .S tJ ÖD ÖD « 3? i. > o fa

CD

CD G g£ c 2 7. ö

CD ..

ä s S U « «

•j" S3 Q PM e e .2 .2 es « u. u W> Mi

__ o

O c+-,

<~£

O (30 VO _C

• ~ 'C

CD GO

cx.S

^ ° CD O rt & h öD

S.1M oo o

I i g» t« .a o s» X — S « -^ as a

Ö o

g cö S 00

<S cö

u

.a G

g s ft CD

< cö u G S .cd

8g ■C o SP £

•- s £ g 00 « +j CD

.G

oo Co X CD H

CD" bO a

CD

cd

s o ■S

o 00 cö

CD X 00 CD

cd G O

cd 00 O CD 00 CD cd j*;

Z3

si cd

CD

cd

cd ^

cd

T3 G cd

G O ts CD > cd

(D .2 rh ^ IS 3^ '

o

cd G

&0 H cd cd

^ E

Ü OD PQ

SS5 t»

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE REPORT 3


z o IT. IT

C IT

1

C c c c V

> 5

>

z o o

I m

m ^

o o o

z o LO <<* o

J

o o o o"

LO CO

I

o CO

o CO

I LO CNJ

o o o o"

o o o o

Q

Z

o

CO

<

c o 2

u_

spjjq jo jeqturiN

•■c s s

is

u a a ■o a « in

C8 U

s o

h ° s +-> cd a)

2 « O CD

-3 •• «

13 cd 0) u O- en <D

0) 1> ^?5 S * c a <g -o

° Ö 8

u s

v G 2 •- o *- «

CZJ 3 es O W

OX) M C/J *PM •«

s

o

WD W) eS «

« to

t-i

>

° -5 * « Q &H £ e e S o o 4_» *M »mm

4)

_ O cö —

OcS

O Öß

T3 OH U en Uc "*

K G

XT' o 

JS en W)

•^ IS 5 -a 3 .ts oo ^ S t« O cd 3 q

^ 'S 3

^ td ^

6 cd S O "5 ° ä 8

en cd

o ffl tu

cd

^ .s cd ed

(L> >> 

O) 09 o)» o o> o> o

S <** » q 0» 0) o o g o> A 5 o 7

«- »- t- t- in /\

0^ Q. E 3 ■

it

0 0 0 Iß O IA m ■A * s


m in o

o in in

o in

i o

o I m

CO

o o o o" CO

o o o o" oo

z 0 m CO

i o CO

o o o oo"

[

o CO

I m CNJ

o o o oo"

O

CO

<

c o

spj;q jo jaqiunN



in in ■ o m

o o o in CM

-z. 0 o m

i in

i

llll;

o o o cd

t

in i

o

o o o co"

o

in CO

in CO

ö co

I

o o o o" oo

o o o co"

o co ■ in CM

o o o oo"

O

CO

<

c O

spjiq jo jaqiunN


<u

c

"5 o


m i o

m

o m ■

o o o CM"

in CO ■ o CO

o CO

I m CM

o o o CM"

o o o CM"

o o o in" co

o o o CM"

o o o M-"

Q

Z

O

CO

<

JC

£ o

spjjq jo jaqiuriN

I as

ä u a a •a a «

2 o

OH


c

Q


0 IT) m

i o in

S

o o m

1

o in ■ in o

o ■ m

CO

m CO

ö CO

o o o o" co

o co in CM

O

CO

<

spjjq jo jsquinN

„ O D PQ ffl ffl



in in

i o o m

i m

in

ö

o o o m" CM

o o o m~ CM

o o o c\f

o m CO

i o CO

o o o o" CD

o o o C\T

o o CO

I in CM

o o o CM"

o

CO

c o 2

spjjq jo jaqiutiN


3 Q |

3 C


I o LO

o m i m

in i o

o ■ m

CO

m CO

i o CO

I J

o CO

1 m

H CO

o o o o o o

o o o

c O 2

o o o

^

o o o o o o

LL

spjiq jo jaqiuniM


0>

o

v

o


IT) m ■ o m

o 10 10

m i o

o o o of

o o o CM"

o o o CM"

Q

(f)

u.

spjjq jo jaquinN o

E o o

CD -4-1 C -t-> cd <D

CD -C

2 £

<D CD

« 'S 1-1 2 CD co

11 a*

.. « ffl .a 3 e« O W Ml M) c e

(D I- cd

^5

CD

CD

t/3 .5 .3

o n

M) M) es es s- u o O

l CU

<- S2 cp B > es o ** o .2 m Q

cö O +-> •**

do g >. M

O CO =H

CO vo CD «4-. _~ i-H O ^3

CD 0s

*T3 O 00

^ "Ö QH ^ CD co

g 2 o „ IS M

es co * .. g = S 3 © .2 g •a c« .5 2^ M) °" P

X Co TJ g ö cö ft'«

w U I—I

CO

'5 AH

CO c3 X CD H to" <D

3 o o

CO cd CO

s CO CD

- CD

U O

CO

•M C «a

C _ i> c E

:3 a» 3 s o J2

co .TS

.0)

SSS

.2 ta CO MÄ

Ü Ä CD

£ •* fc bO £ H

O CD C "7* +2 cd •4-* *S *—<

C/2

T3 23 cd E

Ö °

cd X <D H

CD" CO .a

CD

& CO

CO CO CD

CD CD H « «c <D

CD <D >.

2 2 43 u

CO cd X CD

H CD*"

^1 cd

H-l CD

cd C o '•i o cd

3*1


SHOREBIRD MIGRATION IN MBDCONTINENTAL NORTH AMERICA 105

z 0 ID m o in

P

I

o o o of

c o 2

cnjin in jaawriM

3

t S

4

u x: u

o Q TS

IM) C o

0)

s O

o

SI "bb i

Is -Ö a) +-> X) OH

o« WH o «

i> CO ..

s « ÜW

WD WD G a

*-H Xzr

VI .2 .H

■a o m fe

WD M)

© o

GO g

o g +■* «s o -t-

o .8 0) Q

■£ a ed o

« 'S > W5

cö •—

<~£ o "2 s s o bo •r'C

T3 OH

u SJ d tl OH.5

•~~ 

J3 S ° c

fe | S s :SP i ^

a S §

2 « a • mm *« ^"

o ^ * CO

CD 00

 Co

£ SSS «3

fr *

U Ö

O cö

.s ^

CO CJ VH CO

CO T3

CO

a;

Ö cö

P5 HJ

Co

CO

>

o CO

•a «3

CvJ

o csS

o

Pi <4-l

UH

CU

CO Jo

cü1'S fe

§

^H cd

o i§

bO S cd O

t>o PQ


I o

SHOREBIRD MIGRATION IN MBDCONTINENTAL NORTH AMERICA 107

z 0 in CO

i o CO j

■;:■<■: ■:■<<

1

o ( ( c

D z>\mmm&

spjiq jo jeqiunN



■ o m

o o CD

c o

spjiq jo jaqturiN

~ g §

•zl w a cd

C _ to

* g ■a ^ ,p ^

CO

O

g s a, >

II 23 o

3*

PL,

«f U

3 en DC +■» ►-> o =3

J* •= ^ > 52 <2 J3 " ^

% £ £^ -7 +2 u -0 p'g* i) -2 «OH

W3

t O u u

0 ta

c« Ja

Q £ C Ö ffl £

1 a H 3

§ $

C5 -t-i

no l_H

=3 ÖC (U O

•SM .■a a> *5 o


C o

5


o m m

■ o

o o o Ö" CM

z 0 O lO

i m

1

o o o o" CM

1

in i o

o i

in CO

o o o o" o in

o o o o* CM

Z m L

CO i o

CO

J J ni

o o o o CM

z 0 O CO

1 m CM

I

ös£::

i

o o o o" CM

o

c/)

<

c o

spjjq jo jaqmnN

-a

a

CD

CD

"5b >

o CO =*

°<* o "2

O 00

60 JS 'S

c §■ I* '"° ~ CD ~

S3 N WO

«3 .S

pa &

CD -T3 l- CD td

w WD

.a *W3

OS U e

^ -a 1-1 2

■•-> a) i ü

I-, o a) a > es o -*-» o .2 a> Q

•£ a cd O

"O 1/3

CD D £ ^ Q, en S ''S

"3 >> ^1 Si

PH ..

</) IT)

_c l-H

3 o o c/5

c

cd O O .g •W •-! •!-! £ 00 g > .if

CO O

B 3

ig

1

T3

ft

en r<

§^ u cd +* cu in C W cd

S.S cd

00

CO cd CO

C cd

cd" cu

3 0)

cd

cd

00 cd | J3

CD <U~

Ö M

O <3

ÖS 3 ^ T3 §

IS s S 2.2 o ffl

sss

cd c

T3 Ö cd <U

M cd

hJ to

3 o cd O c a

cd C o

tu

H-l

o td CO cd

CD

CD . Ö

u u



in m

i o in

o in in M-

o o o

1

in i o

o i

in CO

o o o o~ CM

o o o o"

o o o o" CM

m co ■ o CO

r

o o o eg

o CO

I

in CM

o o o CM"

Q

Z

O

co

<

c o

spjiq jo jaqiunN

OH CU <L>

T3 b o a ~ s l

"ob > ■a Js 60-5 JÖ OH

.2 es O -M

 W)

«4-4

o

o

*o —I V

 •c

OH (/I

3 o o

'I -2 .3> oo w c S J2

S Ö

1 'S u OH

E

CO CO

CZ3

cu ;0

CD

"•S «« CO

2 ** -C co

•- VD

M CO

so " CU £3

cd eu

J4 cd

H-l H-*

CO W

cu

CD

■3

o *Ö cd

§1

tö cu

P co H .T-4 cd -o

<U cd

cd T3

cd

cd

a o CO

» 3 6 H "i ii 1 * CO ^JU 53


Acknowledgments

We appreciate the shorebird distribution data contributed by our cooperators, as listed in Table 1. We especially thank B. Harrington who graciously provided data from the International Shorebird Survey. We thank J. Struttman for data management and preparation of appendices. L. L. Morgan assisted with assembly of this product. J. Shoemaker, D. Crawford, and D. Medellin provided graphics and publishing support. We thank S. J. Dinsmore, L. Everette, W. Iko, M. Moses, and L. Payne for assistance in data interpretation and presentation and for insightful discussions. We thank C. Lively and S. Lewis for their continued interest and support, and L. Maple and S. Maple for consistent support and patience. We thank P. R. Evans, N. Warnock, A. Farmer, R. E. Gill, R. I. G. Morrison, S. J. Dinsmore, and K. Stone for critical reviews of early drafts of this document. Funding for this project and field surveys was provided by the Prairie Pothole Joint Venture of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, Regions 2, 3, and 6 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Biological Resources Division (BRD) of the U.S. Geological Survey, and a National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) research award (BRD/USGS). The Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service contributed to printing costs.

Cited References

Butler, R. F., H. Delgado, H. de la Cueva, V. Pulido, and B. K. Sandercock. 1996. Migration routes of the western sandpiper. Wilson Bulletin 108:622-672.

Colwell, M. A., and J. R. Jehl, Jr. 1994. Wilson's phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 83. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Colwell, M. A., S. D. Fellows, and L. W. Oring. 1988. Chronology of shorebird migration at Last Mountain Lake National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada. Wader Study Group Bulletin 52:18-22.

Cooper, J. M. 1994. Least sandpiper (Calidris minutilld). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 115. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Davis, C. A. 1998. Ecology and management of migrant shorebirds in the Playa Lakes Region of Texas. Wild- life Monographs 140:1-45.

Dickson, H. L., and A. R. Smith. 1988. Canadian prairie shorebird program: An update. Wader Study Group Bulletin 52:23-27.

Elphick, C. S., and T. L. Tibbitts. 1998. Greater yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 355. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Farmer, A. H., and J. H. Wiens. 1999. Models and reality: Time-energy trade-offs in pectoral sandpiper {Calidris melanotos) migration. Ecology 80:2566-2580.

Gratto-Trevor, C. L. 1992. Semipalmated sandpiper. In A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 6. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Orni- thologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Griggs, J. L. 1997. American Bird Conservancy's field guide to all the birds of North America. Harper Collins Publishers, Inc. New York. 177 pp.

Haig, S. M. 1992. Piping plover. In A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 2. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natu- ral Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Harrington, B. A., F. J. Leewenberg, S. L. Resende, R. McNeil, B. T. Thomas, J. S. Grear, and E. F. Martinez. 1991. Migration and mass change of white- rumped sandpipers in North and South America. Wil- son Bulletin 103:621-636.

Hayman, P., J. Marchant, and T. Prater. 1986. Shore- birds: An identification guide to the waders of the world. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Mass. 412 pp.

Helmers, D. L. 1992. Shorebird Management Manual. Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network, Manomet, Mass.

Holmes, R. T., and F. A. Pitelka. 1998. Pectoral sandpiper (Calidris melanotos). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 348. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Howe, M. A., P. H. Geissler, and B. A. Harrington. 1989. Population trends of North American shorebirds based on the International Shorebird Survey. Biological Conservation 49:185-199.

Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press Inc., New York. 851 pp.

Iverson, G. C, S. E. Warnock, R. W. Butler, M. A. Bishop, and N. Warnock. 1996. Spring migration of western sandpipers along the Pacific Coast of North America: A telemetry study. Condor 98:10-21.


Johnson, O. W., and P. G. Connors. 1996. American golden-plover (Pluvialis dominicd) and Pacific golden- plover (Pluvialis fulvd). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, Nos. 201-202. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Klima, J., and J. R. Jehl, Jr. 1998. Stilt sandpiper (Calidris himantopus). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 341. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Knopf, F. L. 1994. Avian assemblages on altered grasslands. Studies in Avian Biology 15:247-257.

Knopf, F. L. 1996. Mountain plover (Charadrius montanus). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 211. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Lanctot, R. B., and C. D. Laredo. 1994. Buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 91. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Laubhan, M. K., and L. H. Fredrickson. 1993. Integrated wetland management: Concepts and opportunities. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 58:323-334.

Laubhan, M. K., and L. H. Fredrickson. 1997. Wetlands of the Great Plains: Habitat characteristics and verte- brate aggregations. Ecological Studies 125:20-48.

Morrison, R. I. G., and R. K. Ross. 1989. Atlas of Ne- arctic shorebirds on the coast of South America. Vol. 1. Canadian Wildlife Service Special Publication, Ottawa.

Morrison, R. I. G., C. Downes, and B. Collins. 1994. Population trends of shorebirds in fall migration in eastern Canada 1974-1991. Wilson Bulletin 106:431- 447.

Morrison, R I. G., R. W. Butler, G. W. Beyersbergen, H.. L. Dickson, A. Bourget, P. W. Hicklin, J. P. Goossen, R. K. Ross, and C. L. Trevor-Gratto. 1995. Potential Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network sites for shorebirds in Canada: Second edition. Canadian Wildlife Service Technical Report Se- ries No. 227.

Moskoff, W. 1995. Solitary sandpiper (Tringa solitahd). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 156. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Myers, J. P., M. Sallaberry, E. Ortiz, G. Castro, L. M. Gordon, J. L. Maron, C. T. Schick, E. Tabilo, P. Z. Antas, and T. Below. 1990. Migration routes of New World sanderlings (Calidris alba). Auk 107:172-180.

National Geographic Society. 1987. Field guide to the birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C. 464 pp.

Oring, L. W., and W. M. Davis. 1966. Shorebird migration at Norman, Oklahoma: 1961-63. Wilson Bulle- tin 78:166-174.

Oring, L. W., E. M. Gray, and J. M. Reed. 1997. Spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularid). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 289. Phila- delphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Page, G. W., J. S. Warriner, J. C. Warriner, and P. W. C. Paton. 1995. Snowy plover {Charadrius alexandrinus). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 154. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists Union. Washington, D.C.

Parmelee, D. F. 1992. White-rumped sandpiper. In A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 29. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Paulson, D. R. 1995. Black-bellied plover (Pluvialis squatarola). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 186. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Piersma, T. 1987. Hop, skip, or jump? Constraints on migration of arctic waders by feeding, fattening, and flight speed. Limosa 60:185-194.

Rettig, V. E., and S. R. Aycock. 1994. Evaluation of shorebird use of selected refuge habitats in the lower Mississippi Valley. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jackson, Miss.

Robinson, J. A., L. W. Oring, J. P. Skorupa, and R. Boettcher. 1997. American avocet (Recurvirostra americand). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 275. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Roy, J. F. 1996. Birds of the elbow. No. 3, Manley Callin Series. Special Publication No. 21. Saskatchewan Natural History Society, Regina.

SAS Institute Inc. 1990. SAS Language, Version 6, First edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. 1042 pp.

Skagen, S. K. 1997. Stopover ecology of transitory populations: The case of migrant shorebirds. Ecological Studies 125:244-269.

Skagen, S. K., and F. L. Knopf. 1993. Toward conservation of midcontinental shorebird migrations. Conservation Biology 7:533-541.

Skagen, S. K., and F. L. Knopf. 1994a. Migrating shorebirds and habitat dynamics at a prairie wetland complex. Wilson Bulletin 106:91-105.


Skagen, S. K., andF. L. Knopf. 1994b. Residency patterns of migrating sandpipers at a midcontinental stopover. Condor 96:944-956.

Skeel, M. A., and E. P. Mallory. 1996. Whimbrel {Numeniusphaeopus). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 219. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Warnock, N., and M. A. Bishop. 1998. Spring stopover ecology of migrant western sandpipers. Condor 100:456^67.

Warnock, N. D., and R. E. Gill. 1996. Dunlin (Calidris alpind). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of

North America, No. 203. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.

Warnock, N., S. M. Haig, and L. W. Oring. 1998. Monitoring species richness and abundance of shorebirds in the western Great Basin. Condor 100:589-600.

Wilson, W. H. 1994. Western sandpiper (Calidris mauri). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The Birds of North America, No. 90. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences. The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.


APPENDIX

This appendix lists the maximum counts recorded

for each species and species group in 0.1° x 0.1° lat-long

cells in descending order of abundance. The maximum

counts represent the sum of all sites within the 0.1° x

0.1° lat-long cells. The locations listed are the major sites

within the identified lat-long cells. The values for latitude

and longitude represent the center of the cell. Species

summaries are presented in taxonomic order. Large numbers of shorebirds are notoriously difficult

to survey and several shorebird experts suspected that

some counts were overestimates. Therefore, we truncated

counts of individual species at a single site (with no subsites reported) that exceeded a reasonable estimate of

50,000, 60,000, or 100,000, depending on the species

and expert opinion. We then made the appropriate

adjustments for all corresponding species groups. Counts

of six species (semipalmated sandpiper, least sandpiper,

white-rumped sandpiper, Baird's sandpiper, long-billed dowitcher, and Wilson's phalarope) were treated in this

manner.


^> <-; c* ^) vo

o^ ^ °^ 2 o 2

ooooooooooooooooooooo

" - » » ^ t-^ rn r-^ oo —^ (N^ vo «o r^ oo tB "t_nq«i»if)N - ooo vi fc t )S Ö oo ts o" ol" rn oo" r--" >o i/-T rn vo vo <o ^t of ^ Ô </-f rn rn rn ^H" —<"


"a 3 K

a c CD OH

oo o of 00

o>

a o V

21 Q J= t>o 3 o

"3 0)

T) e M 01 o XI

•a s 01 O. n.

itude

N

) tu OJ

CO ^—' «3

HJ

s 5 3 cd U

M TS ca

Q-S P -d « (i>

7^ Z t« •iS

-" C3 fo 4^ O u en oD is crt f/i S < 3 *j

* ts O

0)

£fä >; O U

nive

rs

Man

age

Is o t-H u

ii

Ö

u <i) .>

00 X) c 4)

1£ ü

3 Q

C3

e ca o x

ca

o i—< w

S? M

«a jj â

«S P4

d ti_i

§£

'i'i d rj

.2 o

U T-l

o3 cd

d (U 3 PQ d ci

CO oo

35

oooooooo©,-^.-, ooo CN(NO-^-H—< -H l~-îdi5 ^ !N w » 'VI y ". " " " i: ". M (S " l>! ^ ■*

»rtrtrtn°rtn«!-',ON °^Zôs~o\o\o\o\^_,o\

S o o o o "-: rn ON o) oo M #î *»jö i*-\ \.r\ OO

o o o ON m

ON n

of ofl

«g Pi

ooo rH >q >o ^t ■* 00 ON 0\ 0\

ca ca d

00 o on ca X ta «

^ H O ■s, c/T ca 3 eci I-

o fe 00

d d o ca .^

oil d o O P ffl

oooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo mô^^»c>\l;rnq^t^'Hmi^tn(NÔrHa^NqÔ;(ScnintS oortrt-H-^r-ldoNOv'Hod'o r4rfO\vdrtrtc<!(?\vddd'Hf~<»rH,c»io\od

O ^ o

r,222Nin(NiomO\cn tNcN t-> '^ ^^ ^^ <—\ *■**< r^* i i r^ i—^ *-"^ i P~ O ON o o mm - »o

.... iOOtNO<tfAOO--HT3-OOOr<-)0^02; o—■oo-*oot~~'*t--vo(Nrt-inr--vo'a-'r>

>_. ,„„„„„„ ^ ^ °°„ °„ °°„ ^ °°„ "^ ^, ^ 'H ^ ^ ^R, "^ °i. î " ?-■ fC S J^ tJ! »noo*in*n<t oC oo" CN" (N ■-<" <n" c»i to of o" o" oC t--" t--" r-" rf rn <^ rnoäo4CS'-'oooot~~t~~,^vo'/^ nmtnmmNNNNolN-<rtrt«Hrf^

o o ci ■* o oo o


Appendix. Continued. Long Distance Migrants

January through June (Maximum count totals = 741,834)

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)

Longitude (°W) Location

>200,000 38.30 98.80 41,568 48.05 99.20 36,681 51.90 104.10 17,959 50.40 106.60 17,300 44.70 97.00 11,755 36.70 98.20 10,000 52.40 110.60 10,000 52.40 110.20 9,170 26.30 97.40 7,568 38.20 98.60 6,974 48.20 101.20 6,957 44.00 97.10 6,790 44.70 97.60 6,592 44.00 96.90 5,626 47.70 100.20 5,505 47.50 100.80 5,110 30.20 92.30 5,082 50.50 106.00 4,951 53.30 112.50 4,533 44.30 97.40 4,501 46.80 100.40 4,177 40.70 95.60 4,024 51.10 107.10

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Metiskow Lake, Alberta Gillespie Lake area, Alberta Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Sewage lagoons, Minor, North Dakota Lake County, South Dakota Dry Lake A, Clark County, South Dakota Milwaukee Lake, South Dakota Sheyenne Lake, North Dakota Blue Lake, North Dakota Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Pelican Lake, Saskatchewan Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Lake Thompson, South Dakota McKenzie Slough, North Dakota Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Luck Lake, Saskatchewan

July through December (Maximum count totals = 296,895) Maximum

Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 90,330 38.30 98.80 35,565 51.90 104.10 22,514 48.10 99.20 11,118 46.90 96.80 8,185 51.10 107.10 5,747 36.70 98.20 5,596 43.30 94.10 5,283 41.20 101.70 4,872 31.50 92.30 3,216 48.00 98.90 3,132 41.80 91.50 3,000 47.10 99.80 3,000 58.70 94.10 2,752 48.30 99.20 2,745 48.00 97.10 2,519 29.10 95.20 2,457 46.90 97.20 2,301 48.00 99.50 2,154 30.20 92.30 2,073 41.70 93.60 2,067 41.50 93.40 2,066 50.20 97.10

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Minnewaukan Flats, Benson County, North Dakota North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 19 km west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa Lake McConaughy, Nebraska Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Devil's Lake, North Dakota Coralville Reservoir, Johnson County, Iowa Swan Wildlife Refuge, Marion County, Iowa Churchill, Manitoba Border of Benson County and Ramsey County, North Dakota North of Grand Forks Lagoons, North Dakota Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Casselton, North Dakota Benson County, North Dakota Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Moeckley Prairie, Polk County, Iowa South of Runnells, Polk County, Iowa Oak Hammock Marsh, Manitoba


Appendix. Continued. Intermediate Distance Migrants

January through June (Maximum count totals = 2,010,185)

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


>300,000 38.30 98.80 274,152 (See Appendix Legend)

132,742 41.10 112.10 108,161 41.10 112.00 102,876 51.90 104.10 70,532 26.30 97.40 40,924 48.10 99.20 38,479 29.10 95.20 35,244 29.50 94.60 34,247 52.70 109.70 33,929 50.40 106.60 31,740 29.30 89.90 30,414 30.20 92.30 29,892 28.90 95.60 27,085 39.30 118.70 25,150 41.20 112.30 24,555 36.70 98.20 20,015 52.70 110.00 20,000 52.60 110.10 19,025 29.90 95.90 18,557 29.60 94.60 17,042 41.20 112.00 16,143 28.20 96.60 16,064 51.10 105.20 15,171 40.90 112.10 14,876 26.20 97.20

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Manito Lake and Wells Lake, Saskatchewan Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Carson Lake, Nevada Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Reflex Lakes, Alberta Kellarney Lake and Leane Lake, Alberta, Rice fields, Harris County and Waller County, Texas Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah South Padre Island, Texas

July through December (Maximum count totals = 1,923,495) Maximum

Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 379,064 (See Appendix Legend)

>250,000 38.30 98.80 250,000 41.00 112.20 204,951 41.10 112.00 140,089 41.10 112.10 65,220 41.50 112.20 55,011 41.00 112.10 53,785 39.30 118.70 52,737 39.40 119.10 49,893 51.90 104.10 41,905 40.90 112.10 39,304 48.10 99.20 30,700 41.20 112.00 26,130 39.50 118.60 21,332 36.70 98.20 21,140 26.30 97.40 19,513 48.00 98.90 19,051 31.50 92.30 18,642 41.30 112.20

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah North Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Carson Lake, Nevada Lahontan Valley, Nevada Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Minnewaukan Flats, Benson County, North Dakota Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Devil's Lake, North Dakota Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah


Appendix. Continued. Short Distance Migrants


Maximum Count

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


140,215 (See Appendix Legend

95,363 41.50 112.20 58,572 41.10 112.00 30,070 40.90 112.10 17,664 29.50 94.60 13,275 40.70 112.50 11,965 38.30 98.80 8,338 41.30 112.20 6,173 26.00 97.10 5,350 26.30 97.40 5,007 39.30 118.70 4,874 28.20 96.60 4,162 39.50 118.60 4,125 30.20 92.30 3,633 41.10 112.10 3,371 47.70 111.30 2,862 36.70 98.20 2,465 29.10 95.20 2,437 28.90 95.60 2,376 41.20 112.00 2,262 51.90 104.10 2,231 41.20 112.50 2,001 27.80 97.50 1,994 51.10 107.10 1,972 27.80 97.90

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bolivar Flats, Texas Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Carson Lake, Nevada Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Great Salt Lake, Utah Tule Lake and Corpus Christi area, Texas Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Western Nueces County, Texas

July through December (Maximum count totals = 577,989) Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 207,276 (See Appendi x Legend) 205,979 41.50 112.20 41,106 40.90 112.10 27,901 41.10 112.00 25,537 39.40 119.10 22,220 38.30 98.80 21,624 39.30 118.70 19,002 41.00 112.10 17,591 41.30 112.20 15,230 41.20 112.30 12,845 41.10 112.10 12,823 51.10 107.10 10,137 41.00 111.90 6,666 39.50 118.60 6,570 40.50 118.50 5,347 41.30 112.10 4,778 29.50 94.60 4,766 29.10 95.20 3,722 26.30 97.40 3,604 36.70 98.20

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Lahontan Valley, Nevada Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Carson Lake, Nevada North Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 19 kilometers west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Nevada West Warren, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bolivar Flats, Texas Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma


Appendix. Continued.

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)

All Plovers

January through June (Maximum count totals = 108,872) Longitude

(°W) Location 13,744 (See Append x Legend) 5,324 26.30 97.40 4,006 30.20 92.30 3,864 41.10 112.00 3,541 36.70 98.20 3,390 38.30 98.80 3,312 40.90 112.10 3,260 40.70 112.50 2,777 29.30 89.90 2,742 51.90 104.10 2,544 29.50 94.60 1,800 33.50 94.00 1,727 53.30 112.50 1,666 29.90 93.20 1,519 29.70 94.60 1,503 28.90 95.10 1,500 53.30 114.00 1,449 29.10 95.20 1,422 28.20 96.60 1,208 36.00 95.70 1,161 30.20 92.70 1,057 28.90 95.60 1,055 28.90 96.00 1,018 30.00 93.10 1,017 35.10 91.50

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Layton Marsh area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Bolivar Flats, Texas Highway 108, Miller County, Arkansas Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Rice fields, Cameron County, Louisiana Chambers County, Texas San Luis Pass, Galveston Island, Texas Spruce Grove, west of Edmonton, Alberta Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Coweta sod farms, Wagoner County, Oklahoma Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Rice field, Matagorda County, Texas Cameron Parish, Louisiana Georgetown, White County, Arkansas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 11,606 38.30 98.80 4,454 46.90 96.80 2,400 26.30 97.40 2,337 30.20 92.30 1,820 36.70 98.20 1,539 46.90 97.20 1,339 30.20 92.70 1,225 49.40 98.00 1,203 (See Append) x Legend) 1,196 48.00 97.10 1,049 38.20 98.60 1,034 51.90 104.10 1,009 36.20 95.90 954 36.00 95.70 893 40.40 104.10 876 46.10 96.10 864 29.50 94.60 861 33.40 104.50 764 27.40 97.40 760 28.10 97.20

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Casselton, North Dakota Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis North of Grand Forks Lagoons, North Dakota Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Mohawk Park, Tulsa, Oklahoma Coweta sod farms, Wagoner County, Oklahoma Jackson Reservoir, Morgan County, Colorado Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota Bolivar Flats, Texas Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico 64 Mile Beach, Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Day County, South Dakota



Maximum Count

AH Small Sandpipers January through June (Maximum count totals = 1,018,844)

Maximum Latitude Longitude Count (°N) (°W)

>190,000 38.30 98.80 60,159 26.30 97.40 45,775 48.10 99.20 41,395 51.90 104.10 38,550 36.70 98.20 26,403 44.70 97.00 20,728 50.40 106.60 20,000 53.30 112.50 18,148 29.10 95.20 13,297 28.90 95.60 12,819 29.50 94.60 12,343 (See Append ix Legend)

12,174 38.20 98.60 11,787 30.20 92.30 11,727 26.20 97.20 11,504 47.50 100.80 10,261 44.70 97.60 10,000 52.40 110.60 9,640 41.10 112.00 9,054 44.00 96.90 9,004 29.30 89.90 8,255 48.20 101.20 6,943 48.00 98.90 6,477 40.70 95.60 6,300 44.00 97.10 6,155 51.10 107.10

Location Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana South Padre Island, Texas Blue Lake, North Dakota Dry Lake A, Clark County, South Dakota Metiskow Lake, Alberta Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Milwaukee Lake, South Dakota Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Sewage ponds, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Lake County, South Dakota Luck Lake, Saskatchewan


(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location

> 150,000 38.30 98.80 35,372 36.70 98.20 20,523 39.30 118.70 19,014 26.30 97.40 13,403 (See Appendix Legen 12,877 41.30 112.20 10,515 51.90 104.10 10,121 29.10 95.20 8,722 41.50 112.20 8,158 31.50 92.30 7,785 28.90 95.60 7,183 30.20 92.30 7,022 48.10 99.20 5,575 41.20 101.70 5,330 51.10 107.10 5,156 29.50 94.60 5,127 28.70 96.10 5,000 27.70 97.30 3,900 40.50 118.50

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Carson Lake, Nevada Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Catahoula Lake, Louisiana San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Minnewaukan Flats, Benson County, North Dakota Lake McConaughy, Nebraska 19 km west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Bolivar Flats, Texas Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Oso Bay, Texas Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Nevada


Appendix. Continued. AH Medium Sandpipers


Maximum Count

Latitude

(°N)


>200,000 38.30 98.80 69,575 (See Appendix Legend) 49,878 51.90 104.10 36,037 48.10 99.20 27,062 39.30 118.70 26,673 26.30 97.40 26,321 30.20 92.30 25,005 41.20 112.30 24,936 29.10 95.20 22,387 29.30 89.90 21,138 29.50 94.60 20,601 28.90 95.60 20,522 41.10 112.00 20,000 52.70 110.00 16,483 29.60 94.60 16,265 50.40 106.60 15,266 51.10 105.20 13,805 29.90 95.90 12,773 30.00 93.10 12,472 28.20 96.60 12,161 41.10 112.10 11,131 40.90 112.10 10,154 41.30 112.20 10,030 53.30 112.50 10,000 52.40 110.20 10,000 52.80 107.00

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Carson Lake, Nevada Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Bolivar Flats, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Reflex Lakes, Alberta Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan Rice fields, Harris County and Waller County, Texas Cameron Parish, Louisiana Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Gillespie Lake area, Alberta Blaine Lakes, Saskatchewan


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 170,000 38.30 98.80 60,847 51.90 104.10 54,688 48.10 99.20 50,387 39.40 119.10 49,922 (See Appendix Legend) 33,991 41.50 112.20 20,212 39.30 118.70 19,057 48.00 98.90 15,726 31.50 92.30 15,007 39.50 118.60 14,814 46.90 96.80 14,684 51.10 107.10 14,135 47.70 111.30 11,667 43.30 94.10 11,250 41.10 112.10 10,287 36.70 98.20 10,200 40.50 118.50 9,659 30.20 92.30 9,393 48.60 100.70 8,293 29.10 95.20

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Minnewaukan Flats, Benson County, North Dakota Lahontan Valley, Nevada Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Carson Lake, Nevada Devil's Lake, North Dakota Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 19 km west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Nevada Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana J. C. Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas


Appendix. Continued. All Small Shorebirds


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


>190,000 38.30 98.80 61,847 26.30 97.40 45,779 48.10 99.20 41,788 51.90 104.10 41,657 36.70 98.20 26,572 44.70 97.00 20,728 50.40 106.60 20,000 53.30 112.50 19,029 29.10 95.20 13,755 (See Appendix Legend)

13,749 29.50 94.60 13,677 28.90 95.60 12,534 38.20 98.60 12,149 26.20 97.20 11,994 30.20 92.30 11,529 47.50 100.80 10,307 44.70 97.60 10,115 41.10 112.00 10,000 52.40 110.60 9,416 29.30 89.90 9,375 44.00 96.90 8,311 48.20 101.20 6,949 48.00 98.90 6,515 40.70 95.60 6,304 44.00 97.10 6,207 29.70 94.60

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Bolivar Flats, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas South Padre Island, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Blue Lake, North Dakota Dry Lake A, Clark County, South Dakota Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Metiskow Lake, Alberta Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Milwaukee Lake, South Dakota Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Sewage ponds, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Lake County, South Dakota Chambers County, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location >150,000 38.30 98.80

36,331 36.70 98.20 20,553 39.30 118.70 19,614 26.30 97.40 14,121 (See Appendix Legend) 13,246 41.30 112.20 11,354 51.90 104.10 10,294 29.10 95.20 8,825 41.50 112.20 8,183 31.50 92.30 7,932 28.90 95.60 7,354 30.20 92.30 7,053 48.10 99.20 5,635 29.50 94.60 5,594 41.20 101.70 5,439 51.10 107.10 5,140 28.70 96.10 5,000 27.70 97.30

4,035 38.20 98.60

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Carson Lake, Nevada Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Catahoula Lake, Louisiana San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Minnewaukan Flats, Benson County, North Dakota Bolivar Flats, Texas Lake McConaughy, Nebraska 19 km west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Oso Bay, Texas Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas


Appendix. Continued. All Medium Shorebirds


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


>300,000 38.30 98.80 263,009 (See Appendix Legend)

132,243 41.10 112.10 98,868 41.10 112.00 97,842 51.90 104.10 36,300 48.10 99.20 35,574 26.30 97.40 34,251 52.70 109.70 31,181 50.40 106.60 30,608 30.20 92.30 27,085 39.30 118.70 26,681 29.10 95.20 25,113 41.20 112.30 24,851 29.30 89.90 23,175 29.50 94.60 22,453 28.90 95.60 20,015 52.70 110.00 20,000 52.60 110.10 18,059 51.10 105.20 17,095 29.60 94.60 17,047 41.20 112.00 16,646 29.90 95.90 15,957 53.30 112.50

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Manko Lake and Wells Lake, Saskatchewan Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Carson Lake, Nevada Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Bolivar Flats, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Reflex Lakes, Alberta Kellarney Lake and Leane Lake, Alberta, Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah Rice fields, Harris County and Waller County, Texas Beaverhill Lake, Alberta

July through December (Maximum count totals = 1,753,824) Maximum

Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 383,857 (See Appendix Legend)

250,013 41.00 112.20 201,462 41.10 112.00 200,016 38.30 98.80 139,380 41.10 112.10 71,299 51.90 104.10 59,234 41.50 112.20 55,011 41.00 112.10 54,816 48.10 99.20 52,264 39.40 119.10 40,809 40.90 112.10 33,249 39.30 118.70 30,600 41.20 112.00 26,138 39.50 118.60 21,125 48.00 98.90 19,769 46.90 96.80 17,382 51.10 107.10 15,782 31.50 92.30 15,673 47.70 111.30

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah North Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Minnewaukan Flats, Benson County, North Dakota Lahontan Valley, Nevada Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Carson Lake, Nevada Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Devil's Lake, North Dakota North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 19 km west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana


Appendix. Continued. AH Large Shorebirds


Maximum Latitude Count (°N)


138,915 (See Appendix Legend) Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis 95,090 41.50 112.20 Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah 58,247 41.10 112.00 Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah 30,021 40.90 112.10 Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah 16,898 29.50 94.60 Bolivar Flats, Texas 16,814 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 13,015 40.70 112.50 Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah 9,379 28.90 95.60 San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 8,288 41.30 112.20 Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 6,141 26.00 97.10 Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas 5,064 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 5,001 39.30 118.70 Carson Lake, Nevada 4,271 28.20 96.60 Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 4,270 51.50 109.40 Teo Lakes, Saskatchewan 3,841 39.50 118.60 Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada 3,462 41.10 112.10 Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 3,127 47.70 111.30 Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana 2,400 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 2,375 41.20 112.00 South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah 2,275 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 2,225 41.20 112.50 Great Salt Lake, Utah 2,202 51.10 107.10 Luck Lake, Saskatchewan 2,001 27.80 97.50 Tule Lake and Corpus Christi area, Texas 1,800 27.80 97.90 Western Nueces County, Texas 1,493 39.80 113.30 Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah 1,465 29.70 94.60 Chambers County, Texas


Count 206,186 205,645 41,058 27,632 25,203 21,613 19,000 17,150 16,781 15,108 12,467 12,083 9,618 6,600 6,550 5,996 5,349 5,322

Latitude (°N)

Longitude (°W)

(See Append 41.50 40.90 41.10 39.40 39.30 41.00 41.30 51.10 41.20 41.10 38.30 41.00 39.50 40.50 36.70 51.90 41.30

ix Legend) 112.20 112.10 112.00 119.10 118.70 112.10 112.20 107.10 112.30 112.10 98.80 111.90 118.60 118.50 98.20 104.10 112.10

Location Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Lahontan Valley, Nevada Carson Lake, Nevada North Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 19 km west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Nevada Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan West Warren, Great Salt Lake, Utah


Appendix. Continued. Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


12,103 (See Appendix Legend) 3,404 26.30 97.40 3,341 41.10 112.00 3,250 40.90 112.10 3,000 40.70 112.50 1,884 51.90 104.10 1,575 29.30 89.90 1,325 29.50 94.60 1,200 53.30 112.50 855 38.30 98.80 850 40.70 111.90 656 28.90 95.60 650 41.00 111.90 625 28.90 95.10 600 50.20 111.80 483 27.40 97.40 423 29.10 95.20 375 28.20 96.60 315 28.20 96.90 307 36.70 98.20 300 41.10 112.10 293 33.40 104.50 284 26.20 97.20 281 29.60 94.50 275 48.80 102.10 272 30.20 92.30 250 51.60 104.70 250 28.70 96.10

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Bolivar Flats, Texas Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas North Davis Sewage, Utah San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah San Luis Pass, Galveston Island, Texas Rolling Hills, Alberta Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico South Padre Island, Texas Rice fields, Rollover Bay, Chambers County, Texas Des Lacs Valley, North Dakota Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Kutawagon Lakes, Saskatchewan Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 1,770 26.30 97.40 760 28.10 97.20 603 38.30 98.80 600 28.30 96.80 500 29.70 94.80 421 38.20 98.60 400 42.80 106.30 400 36.70 98.20 384 29.50 94.60 350 48.00 97.30 305 30.10 92.90 300 46.30 96.50 300 28.70 96.10 263 51.10 107.10 255 29.00 95.40 250 46.90 96.80 245 33.40 104.50

Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Bayside marshes, Refugio County, Texas Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Burgentine Lake, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Trinity Bay, Texas Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Casper, Wyoming Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Bolivar Flats, Texas Kellys Slough National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Breckenridge Sewage Lagoons, Minnesota Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Eagle Lake, Texas North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico


Appendix. C Continued. American Golden Plover (Pluvialis dominica)


Maximum Count

Latitude Longitude (°N) (°W) Location

1,800 33.50 94.00 1,656 29.90 93.20 1,500 53.30 114.00 1,148 36.00 95.70 1,000 35.10 91.50 1,000 27.80 97.40 900 36.00 95.60 900 28.90 96.00 786 42.10 93.10 700 35.60 95.30 600 29.30 89.90 600 30.00 93.10 600 43.30 95.00 550 28.50 96.60 526 53.30 112.50 500 41.80 91.50 500 50.80 104.90 500 46.10 96.10 438 33.60 94.00 422 51.90 104.10 400 46.30 96.50 400 42.00 94.40 392 30.20 92.30 300 46.00 97.40 300 27.20 98.10 300 44.00 95.90

Highway 108, Miller County, Arkansas Rice fields, Cameron County, Louisiana Spruce Grove, west of Edmonton, Alberta Coweta sod farms, Wagoner County, Oklahoma Georgetown, White County, Arkansas Corpus Christi, Texas Wagoner County, Oklahoma Rice field, Matagorda County, Texas North of Clemons, Marshall County, Iowa Muskogee County, Oklahoma Terril, Dickinson County, Iowa Cameron Parish, Louisiana Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Coralville Reservoir, Johnson County, Iowa Valeport Marsh, Saskatchewan Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota Five miles east of Ogden, Little River County, Arkansas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Breckenridge sewage lagoons, Minnesota Southwestern Greene County, Iowa Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Falfurrias, Texas Murray County, Minnesota


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 4,000 46.90 96.80 1,500 46.90 97.20 1,225 49.40 98.00 900 48.00 97.10 542 38.30 98.80 500 46.10 96.10 492 41.80 93.70 400 48.40 97.70 400 49.90 97.10 312 52.30 102.70 300 46.30 96.50 260 48.00 97.30 220 41.70 94.30 200 43.70 96.20 188 41.70 93.60 160 44.80 96.60 150 36.70 98.20 150 47.80 96.60

North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota Casselton, North Dakota Jordan, Manitoba Grand Forks Lagoons area, North Dakota Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota Saylorville Reservoir, Polk County, Iowa Walsh County, North Dakota Winnipeg, Manitoba Buck Lake, Saskatchewan Breckenridge sewage lagoons, Minnesota Kellys Slough National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Bays Branch, Guthrie Center, Iowa Blue Mounds, Rock County, Minnesota Moeckley Prairie, Polk County, Iowa Rush Lake, Deuel County, South Dakota Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Polk County, Minnesota


Appendix. C Continued.

Snowy Plover {Charadrius alexandrinus) January through June (Maximum count totals = 7,048)

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


1,964 36.70 98.20 1,107 (See Appendix Legend) 680 41.70 113.00 322 39.50 118.60 306 41.10 112.00 282 38.20 98.60 279 33.40 104.50 240 40.70 112.50 220 41.50 112.30 203 41.00 111.90 176 26.30 97.40 170 39.80 113.30 169 28.20 96.60 161 41.70 112.70 160 41.50 112.20 150 29.50 94.60 107 41.10 112.10 107 40.70 111.90 82 26.20 97.20 69 40.80 112.50 62 28.90 95.10 61 38.30 98.80 55 41.20 112.30 50 41.60 113.10 50 41.30 112.10

Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Locomotive Springs, Great Salt Lake, Utah Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah West shore, Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Salt Wells Flats, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bolivar Flats, Texas Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah North Davis Sewage, Utah South Padre Island, Texas Stansbury Island, Utah San Luis Pass, Galveston Island, Texas Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Crocodile Mountain, Utah West Warren, Great Salt Lake, Utah

July through December (Maximum count totals = 5,484)

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


882 36.70 98.20 689 (See Appendix Legend) 519 41.00 111.90 471 40.70 111.90 340 41.30 112.20 313 38.20 98.60 265 33.40 104.50 255 41.70 112.90 250 38.30 98.80 250 41.10 112.10 188 26.30 97.40 129 27.40 97.40 116 39.80 113.30 115 41.40 113.00 111 28.20 96.60 100 41.50 112.20 79 41.70 112.70 76 26.00 97.20 62 39.50 118.60 50 41.20 112.50

Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah North Davis Sewage, Utah Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Locomotive Springs, Great Salt Lake, Utah Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah Fingerpoint, Utah Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Salt Wells Flats, Great Salt Lake, Utah Port Isabel, South Padre Island, Texas Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Great Salt Lake, Utah


Appendix. Continued. Wilson's Plover (Charadrius wilsonia)




333 27.40 97.40 175 28.90 95.10 131 28.20 96.60 105 28.90 95.60 90 29.50 94.60 66 26.30 97.40 53 29.30 89.90 51 28.80 95.60 47 29.10 90.20 41 28.10 97.10 35 26.20 97.20 16 27.80 97.10 14 28.20 96.90 12 29.70 90.10 11 27.70 97.60 10 27.70 97.20 9 28.00 97.10 9 29.20 95.80 9 29.40 94.60 8 30.00 90.20 8 29.10 95.20 5 28.30 96.90 5 28.70 96.10

Padre Island National Seashore, Texas San Luis Pass, Galveston Island, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Grand Terre Island, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Sargent Island, Texas Fourchon Beach, Louisiana Near Aransas National Wildlife Refuge including Copano Bay, Texas South Padre Island, Texas Airport, Port Aransas, Texas Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Southwest of Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas Mustang Island Beach, Texas Rockport area, Texas Big Reef, Galveston Island, Texas Shore east of Bolivar Flats, Galveston Island, Texas Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Burgentine Lake, Aransas County, Texas Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 272 27.40 97.40 143 26.30 97.40 134 29.50 94.60 127 27.80 97.10 122 28.20 96.60 80 29.90 93.20 40 28.30 96.80 30 29.10 95.20 17 28.90 95.60 17 26.10 97.20 15 29.20 95.80 11 27.70 97.20 8 26.00 97.10 6 28.90 96.00 6 26.00 97.30 6 28.00 97.10 6 28.10 96.90

Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Airport, Port Aransas, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Rice fields, Cameron County, Louisiana Burgentine Lake, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas South Padre Island, Texas Big Reef, Galveston Island, Texas Mustang Island Beach, Texas Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Rice field, Matagorda County, Texas Highway 48 between Brownsville and Padre Island, Texas Rockport area, Texas Aransas County, Texas


Appendix. Continued. Sem ipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla)


Maximum Latitude Longitude Count (°N) (°W) Location

>60,000 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 15,000 48.10 99.20 Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota 12,970 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 9,668 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 9,218 44.70 97.00 Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota 7,987 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 6,000 47.50 100.80 Blue Lake, North Dakota 5,997 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 4,415 48.00 98.90 Sewage ponds, Devil's Lake, North Dakota 4,022 29.90 95.90 Rice fields in Harris County and Waller County, Texas 4,000 40.70 95.60 Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa 4,000 51.10 107.10 Luck Lake, Saskatchewan 3,590 50.40 106.60 Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan 3,400 48.20 101.20 Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota 3,331 38.20 98.60 Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas 3,015 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana 2,759 44.70 97.60 Dry Lake A, Clark County, South Dakota 2,650 34.80 92.00 Lonoke County, Arkansas 2,110 44.00 96.90 Milwaukee Lake, South Dakota 2,069 26.20 97.20 South Padre Island, Texas 2,000 47.60 101.20 Audubon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota 2,000 29.50 94.60 Bolivar Flats, Texas 1,800 47.60 101.00 Lake Nettie National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota

July through December (Maximum count totals = 91,453) Maximum Latitude Longitude

Count (°N) (°W) Location

43,250 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 7,000 48.10 99.20 Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota 3,615 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 3,000 47.90 100.20 Border of McHenry County and Wells County, North Dakota 2,753 31.50 92.30 Catahoula Lake, Louisiana 2,025 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 2,015 51.10 107.10 Luck Lake, Saskatchewan 1,890 28.90 95.60 San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 1,651 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 1,500 46.90 96.80 North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 1,460 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 1,200 48.00 98.90 Devil's Lake, North Dakota 1,005 51.10 105.20 Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan 1,000 48.00 97.10 Grand Forks Lagoons area, North Dakota 850 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana 705 46.90 97.20 Casselton, North Dakota 700 48.20 101.20 Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota 602 38.20 98.60 Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas 600 46.10 96.10 Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota 600 47.90 97.40 Grand Forks County, North Dakota 600 28.30 96.80 Burgentine Lake, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas



Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) January through June (Maximum count totals = 2,931)

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


303 28.20 96.60 300 29.50 94.60 201 26.20 97.20 180 28.90 95.10 180 29.30 94.80 172 26.00 97.20 119 27.70 97.20 110 28.10 96.90 104 26.30 97.40 100 27.80 97.10 80 29.30 89.90 68 51.90 104.10 66 41.20 101.70 46 52.70 110.00 45 29.40 95.00 41 29.40 94.60 41 28.50 96.60 40 48.20 101.50 40 47.30 100.70 35 29.20 95.00 32 26.10 97.20 32 29.20 95.80 32 27.40 97.40 26 28.80 95.60 25 47.50 100.80 25 48.90 94.70 22 26.00 97.10 18 47.30 102.70

Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas South Padre Island, Texas San Luis Pass, Galveston Island, Texas Galveston, Texas Port Isabel, South Padre Island, Texas Mustang Island Beach, Texas Aransas County, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Airport, Port Aransas, Texas Grand Terre Island, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Lake McConaughy, Nebraska Reflex Lakes, Alberta Texas City, Texas Shore east of Bolivar Flats, Galveston Island, Texas Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas Minot, North Dakota Chain of Lakes, McLean County, North Dakota West Galveston Island, Texas South Padre Island, Texas Big Reef, Galveston Island, Texas Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Sargent Island, Texas Blue Lake, North Dakota Pine and Curry Island, Minnesota Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Lake Ilo National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 200 29.50 94.60 200 27.40 97.40 175 27.80 97.10 160 27.70 97.20 107 26.30 97.40 76 28.20 96.60 71 27.60 97.80 70 29.40 94.70 65 26.00 97.10 61 26.00 97.20 42 51.90 104.10 39 29.20 95.80 38 28.00 97.10 35 28.90 96.00 28 28.90 95.50 21 38.30 98.80 19 28.20 96.90

Bolivar Flats, Texas Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Airport, Port Aransas, Texas Mustang Island Beach, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Beach on border of Nueces County and Kleberg County, Texas Bolivar Peninsula, Texas Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Port Isabel, South Padre Island, Texas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Big Reef, Galveston Island, Texas Rockport area, Texas Rice field, Matagorda County, Texas San Bernard, Texas Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas


Appendix. Continued. Killdeer {Charadrius vociferus)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


3,135 30.20 92.30 1,795 38.30 98.80 1,000 43.30 96.20 932 30.20 92.70 650 36.30 90.00 520 40.70 95.60 370 36.20 95.90 360 30.00 93.10 325 48.60 101.60 308 33.40 104.50 294 32.20 91.30 255 30.10 92.90 253 48.20 101.50 248 47.70 111.30 219 (See Append ix Legend)

200 33.90 96.80 200 36.70 95.70 190 29.30 89.90 175 41.70 102.50

Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Doon, Lyon County, Iowa Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana Rice fields, Stoddard County, Missouri Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Mohawk Park, Tulsa, Oklahoma Cameron Parish, Louisiana Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Minot, North Dakota Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Farm ponds, Washington County, Oklahoma Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 8,940 38.30 98.80 1,940 30.20 92.30 1,315 30.20 92.70 1,000 36.20 95.90 941 36.00 95.70 674 40.40 104.10 630 39.90 104.90 544 43.30 94.10 511 41.70 93.60 450 33.90 96.80 401 (See Appen dix Legend)

401 29.00 95.40 400 45.20 97.10 358 33.80 91.30 335 33.40 104.50 330 42.00 94.40 327 36.00 95.60 320 30.10 92.90 316 35.90 95.90 311 36.70 98.20 300 36.20 94.10 300 45.30 97.10 300 43.00 94.50 300 39.40 119.10 300 36.10 95.90 300 35.50 97.70

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana Mohawk Park, Tulsa, Oklahoma Coweta sod farms, Wagoner County, Oklahoma Jackson Reservoir, Morgan County, Colorado Barr Lake State Park, Colorado Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa Polk County, Iowa Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Eagle Lake, Texas Berger Wildlife Production Area, near Waubay, South Dakota Oakwood Unit, Overflow National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Southwestern Greene County, Iowa Wagoner County, Oklahoma Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Arkansas River at Bixby, Tulsa County, Oklahoma Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Springdale, Benton County, Arkansas Pearson Wildlife Production Area, near Waubay, South Dakota Fields near West Bend, Kossuth County, Iowa Lahontan Valley, Nevada Tulsa County, Oklahoma Canadian County, Oklahoma


Appendix. Continued. Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus)


Maximum Count

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


252 29.50 94.60 Bolivar Flats, Texas 150 28.90 96.00 Rice field, Matagorda County, Texas 104 27.70 97.60 Nueces County, Texas 100 29.80 97.90 North Guadalupe County, Texas 100 27.20 98.10 Falfurrias, Texas 64 29.70 98.00 New Braunfels Airport, Comal County, Texas 50 28.00 97.70 Edroy, Texas 50 30.60 97.30 Granger Lake, Williamson County, Texas 50 27.70 97.70 Driscoll, Texas 36 38.00 103.50 Southeastern Colorado 35 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 30 28.00 97.50 East of Sinton, San Patricio County, Texas 25 28.60 96.50 Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas 24 48.30 109.30 Between Cleveland and Lloyd, Montana 24 30.70 97.60 Williamson County, Texas 22 27.30 97.80 Riviera, Kleberg County, Texas 20 27.90 97.20 Ingleside, San Patricio County, Texas 14 38.30 103.30 Adobe Creek Reservoir, Colorado 12 29.90 95.90 Rice fields in Harris County and Waller County, Texas 11 32.10 96.50 Corsicana, Texas 11 33.30 95.80 Klondike, Delta County, Texas 10 27.60 97.80 Nueces County, Texas


(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 425 38.00 103.50 Southeastern Colorado 244 37.90 101.30 West of Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas 200 31.20 99.80 Eden, Concho County, Texas 200 29.30 99.60 2 miles south of Knippa, Uvalde County, Texas 200 40.40 104.10 Jackson Reservoir, Morgan County, Colorado 200 37.10 101.60 Morton County, Kansas 150 37.30 102.00 Cimarron River Valley, Morton County, Kansas 100 44.50 109.10 Cody, Wyoming 100 37.40 102.30 Walsh, Colorado 100 38.30 102.80 Nee Grande Reservoir, Kiowa County, Colorado 83 40.80 104.00 Pawnee National Grasslands, Colorado 80 37.20 101.80 Morton County, Kansas 60 37.10 102.00 South of Highway 51 near Colorado, Morton County, Kansas 55 35.00 106.00 Moriarty, New Mexico 50 37.60 102.40 Two Buttes, Colorado 50 27.90 97.40 South of Taft, San Patricio County, Texas 36 34.80 106.70 Los Lunas, New Mexico 26 38.10 103.70 Rocky Ford, Colorado 24 30.60 97.30 Granger Lake, Williamson County, Texas 20 32.80 98.10 Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto County, Texas 19 28.70 96.70 Northwest of Port Lavaca, Texas 17 29.70 98.00 New Braunfels Airport, Comal County, Texas


Appendix. Continued. Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus himantopus)

January throu gh June (Maximum count totals = 111,636)

Maximum Latitude Longitude Count (°N) (°W) Location

60,741 (See Appendix Legend) Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis

37,125 41.50 112.20 Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah 35,520 41.10 112.00 Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah 22,040 40.90 112.10 Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah 3,000 41.30 112.20 Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 2,300 39.50 118.60 Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada 1,500 40.70 112.50 Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah* 1,000 39.30 118.70 Carson Lake, Nevada 849 39.80 113.30 Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah 840 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 829 33.40 104.50 Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico 800 41.10 112.10 Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 575 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana 407 28.90 95.60 San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 405 41.20 112.00 South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah 240 29.90 95.90 Rice fields in Harris County and Waller County, Texas 200 41.20 112.50 Great Salt Lake, Utah 200 41.30 112.10 West Warren, Great Salt Lake, Utah

Maximum Latitude July through December (Maximum count totals = 119,958)

Longitude Count (°N) (°W) Location 66,650 (See Appendix Legend) Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis

66,650 41.50 112.20 Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah 11,000 40.90 112.10 Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah 6,300 39.50 118.60 Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada 6,100 41.10 112.00 Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah 4,000 41.00 112.10 North Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah 3,100 41.00 111.90 West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah 3,000 41.30 112.20 Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 2,565 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 2,300 41.10 112.10 Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 1,790 28.90 95.60 San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 1,380 31.50 92.30 Catahoula Lake, Louisiana 1,164 39.80 113.30 Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah 750 37.70 113.10 Cedar City, Utah 735 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana 630 33.80 91.30 Oakwood Unit, Overflow National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas 580 41.30 112.10 West Warren, Great Salt Lake, Utah 500 41.20 112.00 South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah 445 30.10 92.90 Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana 428 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 400 41.20 112.30 Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 370 39.30 118.70 Carson Lake, Nevada 350 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 350 29.00 96.00 Bay City, Texas 321 33.40 104.50 Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico 283 38.40 115.10 Kirch Wildlife Management Area, Nevada 229 27.80 97.10 Airport, Port Aransas, Texas

13 8 BIOLOGICAL .SCIENCE REPORT 3

Appendix. Continued. American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana)

January through June (Maximum count totals = 149,760) Maximum

Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 40,944 (See Appendi x Legend) 31,005 41.50 112.20 21,560 41.10 112.00 14,653 29.50 94.60 7,775 40.90 112.10 6,538 38.30 98.80 6,000 40.70 112.50 6,000 26.00 97.10 4,308 41.30 112.20 4,000 39.30 118.70 3,190 28.20 96.60 2,400 47.70 111.30 2,035 26.30 97.40 2,000 27.80 97.50 2,000 41.10 112.10 1,693 41.20 112.00 1,400 39.50 118.60 1,030 41.20 112.40 1,003 41.00 111.90 1,000 41.20 112.30 876 51.10 107.10 851 28.10 97.10 826 51.90 104.10 744 28.90 95.60 730 41.50 112.30 650 48.30 100.00 586 36.70 98.20 558 40.30 105.10

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bolivar Flats, Texas Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Carson Lake, Nevada Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Tule Lake and Corpus Christi area, Texas Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Promontory Point, Great Salt Lake, Utah West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Near Aransas National Wildlife Refuge including Copano Bay, Texas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas West shore, Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Granville, McHenry County, North Dakota Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Berthoud, Colorado


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 103,320 (See Appendix Legen 103,320 41.50 112.20 30,000 40.90 112.10 25,000 39.40 119.10 21,200 41.10 112.00 21,000 39.30 118.70 15,000 41.00 112.10 14,600 41.20 112.30 13,657 41.30 112.20 11,819 38.30 98.80 10,000 41.10 112.10 6,500 40.50 118.50 6,500 41.00 111.90 4,550 41.30 112.10 4,000 29.50 94.60 3,000 41.20 112.50 2,685 50.40 106.60

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Lahontan Valley, Nevada Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Carson Lake, Nevada North Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Nevada West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah West Warren, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bolivar Flats, Texas Great Salt Lake, Utah Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan


Appendix. Continued. Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


10,000 30.00 93.10 1,700 38.30 98.80 1,200 29.80 92.30 722 26.30 97.40 500 43.70 91.50 442 30.20 92.30 315 30.10 92.90 299 38.20 98.60 245 30.20 92.70 205 29.90 92.30 181 39.30 95.30 179 28.70 96.10 177 29.90 95.90 152 29.10 95.20 129 44.70 97.00 107 28.90 95.60 100 34.70 91.90

Cameron Parish, Louisiana Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Rice field, Vermilion Parish, Louisiana Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Houston County, Minnesota Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana Fields and ponds southwest of Abbeville, Louisiana Lonestar Lake, near Lawrence, Kansas Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Rice fields in Harris County and Waller County, Texas Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Anderson's Fish Hatchery, Lonoke County, Arkansas


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


8,600 51.90 104.10 1,625 38.30 98.80 1,047 47.70 111.30 800 36.70 98.20 455 31.50 92.30 314 26.30 97.40 275 48.00 98.90 211 47.60 101.20 202 33.40 104.50 200 51.10 107.10 192 48.10 99.20 177 38.20 98.60 176 41.50 93.40 169 30.20 92.30 155 39.40 119.10 153 29.00 95.40 125 39.80 113.30 111 28.70 96.10 100 48.00 99.50 96 46.30 96.50 95 (See Appendix Legend) 94 29.10 95.20 91 40.60 99.30 89 40.90 112.10 87 47.80 101.30 85 48.20 101.20 84 36.40 104.40 80 30.10 92.90

Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Sewage ponds, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Audubon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas South of Runnells, Polk County, Iowa Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Lahontan Valley, Nevada Eagle Lake, Texas Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Benson County, North Dakota Breckenridge sewage lagoons, Minnesota Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Rainwater Basin, Nebraska Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Wetlands in McLean and Ward counties, North Dakota Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana


Appendix. Continued. Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringaflavipes)

January through June (Maximum count totals = = 79,388)

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


21,023 38.30 98.80 6,238 28.90 95.60 4,955 29.10 95.20 4,490 30.20 92.30 3,348 30.20 92.70 2,500 29.60 94.60 2,246 (See Appendix Legend)

2,027 29.30 89.90 2,000 30.00 93.10 2,000 40.70 112.50 1,355 30.10 92.90 1,330 48.80 95.80 1,230 30.30 92.40 1,218 26.30 97.40 1,176 46.10 96.10 1,000 47.90 97.00 1,000 44.40 95.30 975 48.30 100.60 875 42.00 94.40 818 38.20 98.60 730 40.70 95.60 653 36.70 95.60 635 28.80 95.90

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Cameron Parish, Louisiana Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Roseau County, Minnesota Acadia Parish, Louisiana Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota Eastern North Dakota Redwood County, Minnesota Denbigh, North Dakota Southwestern Greene County, Iowa Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Oolagah Reservoir, Nowata County, Oklahoma Matagorda County, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 52,140 38.30 98.80 13,600 51.90 104.10 7,000 46.90 96.80 6,000 43.30 94.10 3,095 31.50 92.30 3,035 29.10 95.20 2,500 47.60 99.70 2,160 28.90 95.60 1,850 51.10 107.10 1,800 48.00 97.10 1,600 46.10 96.10 1,600 47.90 97.40 1,595 30.20 92.30 1,501 36.70 98.20 1,351 48.20 101.20 1,200 43.00 94.50 1,194 41.70 93.60 1,155 30.00 92.10 1,047 47.70 111.30 1,032 26.30 97.40 1,000 48.10 99.20 1,000 48.20 101.50

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Wells County, North Dakota San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Grand Forks Lagoons area, North Dakota Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota Grand Forks County, North Dakota Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Fields near West Bend, Kossuth County, Iowa Polk County, Iowa Rice fields in Lafayette Parish and Vermilion Parish, Louisiana Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Minot, North Dakota


Appendix. Continued AH Yellowlegs


Maximum Latitude Longitude Count (°N) (°W) Location 22,723 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 12,000 30.00 93.10 Cameron Parish, Louisiana 9,263 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 7,432 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 6,345 28.90 95.60 San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 4,932 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana 3,593 30.20 92.70 Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana 2,652 29.60 94.60 Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 2,476 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 2,267 (See Appendix Legend) Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis 2,097 29.30 89.90 Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana 2,005 40.70 112.50 Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah 1,803 38.20 98.60 Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas 1,670 30.10 92.90 Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana 1,331 48.80 95.80 Roseau County, Minnesota 1,251 46.10 96.10 Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota 1,230 30.30 92.40 Acadia Parish, Louisiana 1,200 29.80 92.30 Rice field, Vermilion County, Louisiana 1,122 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 1,017 48.30 100.60 Denbigh, North Dakota 1,016 47.90 97.00 Grand Forks, North Dakota


Count (°N) (°W) Location 53,765 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 22,200 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 7,025 46.90 96.80 North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 6,058 43.30 94.10 Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa 5,400 50.20 97.10 Oak Hammock Marsh, Manitoba 3,550 31.50 92.30 Catahoula Lake, Louisiana 3,320 51.10 107.10 19 km west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan 3,129 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 2,881 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 2,500 47.60 99.70 Wells County, North Dakota 2,209 28.90 95.60 San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 2,094 47.70 111.30 Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana 1,818 48.00 97.10 North of Grand Forks Lagoons, North Dakota 1,764 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana 1,668 47.90 97.40 Duluth, Minnesota 1,654 46.10 96.10 Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota 1,530 38.20 98.60 Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas 1,436 48.20 101.20 Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota 1,346 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 1,261 41.70 93.60 Moeckley Prairie, Polk County, Iowa 1,240 43.00 94.50 Fields near West Bend, Kossuth County, Iowa 1,192 48.10 99.20 Minnewaukan Flats, Benson County, North Dakota 1,155 30.00 92.10 Rice fields in Lafayette Parish and Vermilion Parish, Louisiana 1,065 48.20 101.50 Ward County, North Dakota


Appendix. Continued. Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria)




2,650 34.70 91.90 1,500 (See Appendix Legend) 1,500 40.70 112.50 250 36.40 94.30 230 36.20 94.10 82 38.30 98.80 70 45.30 97.50 66 40.70 95.60 46 37.00 90.20 31 48.20 101.20 29 49.90 97.10 27 36.40 104.40 23 48.10 100.90 20 36.70 95.70 19 42.00 103.50 17 48.60 101.60 15 46.50 93.30 15 29.60 94.60 15 43.70 101.70 14 33.90 96.80

Anderson's Fish Hatchery, Lonoke County, Arkansas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah State Fish Hatchery, Arkansas Springdale, Benton County, Arkansas Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Hawkinson Waterfowl Production Area, near Waubay, South Dakota Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Missouri Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Winnipeg, Manitoba Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Velva, North Dakota Farm ponds, Washington County, Oklahoma North Platte National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Jackson County, South Dakota Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(W) Location 202 41.80 91.50 129 43.30 94.10 100 41.50 93.40 92 36.20 94.10 72 26.30 97.40 58 38.30 98.80 52 32.80 97.10 45 30.20 97.60 35 33.90 96.80 31 40.70 95.60 30 41.70 91.50 28 41.80 93.70 27 39.40 91.10 26 46.90 96.80 25 45.40 97.30 23 42.10 93.10 21 41.70 93.60 20 40.40 99.50 20 34.70 91.90 20 46.50 93.30 18 32.70 96.80 18 42.00 94.40 17 42.00 103.50 17 41.70 94.30 15 36.40 104.40

Coralville Reservoir, Johnson County, Iowa Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa South of Runnells, Polk County, Iowa Springdale, Benton County, Arkansas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Village Creek Treatment Plant, Texas Hornsby Bend Ponds, Texas Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa Northeast of Polk City, Polk County, Iowa Ted Shanks Wildlife Area, Missouri North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota Waubay National Wildlife Refuge, South Dakota North of Clemons, Marshall County, Iowa Polk County, Iowa Atlanta Wildlife Production Area, Phelps County, Nebraska Anderson's Fish Hatchery, Lonoke County, Arkansas Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota Southside Water Treatment Plant, Dallas County, Texas Southwestern Greene County, Iowa North Platte National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska Bays Branch Wildlife Area, Guthrie County, Iowa Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico



Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) January through June (Maximum count totals = 22,212)

Maximum Count

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


2,334 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 1,440 29.50 94.60 Bolivar Flats, Texas 1,293 (See Appendix Legend) Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis 1,280 27.40 97.40 Padre Island National Seashore, Texas 1,014 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 932 28.90 95.60 San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 881 28.20 96.60 Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 760 26.10 97.20 South Padre Island, Texas 664 28.20 96.90 Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 630 29.60 94.50 Rice fields, Rollover Bay, Chambers County, Texas 500 40.70 112.50 Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah 469 28.90 95.10 San Luis Pass, Galveston Island, Texas 396 26.20 97.20 South Padre Island, Texas 362 41.10 112.00 Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah 343 50.30 108.40 Antelope Lake, Saskatchewan 330 33.80 98.40 Lake Arrowhead, Clay County, Texas 307 28.80 95.60 Sargent Island, Texas 284 47.70 111.30 Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana 279 27.70 97.20 Mustang Island Beach, Texas 235 33.90 96.80 Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 230 29.40 94.60 Shore east of Bolivar Flats, Galveston Island, Texas 219 51.10 107.10 Luck Lake, Saskatchewan 200 45.90 109.10 Halfbreed National Wildlife Refuge, Montana 200 45.80 108.50 Ponds, lakes, rivers, near Billings, Montana 200 38.30 104.60 Pueblo, Colorado 194 41.20 112.00 South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah 150 38.20 103.80 Ordway, Colorado 143 41.10 112.10 Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 140 26.00 97.10 Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas


Latitude (°N)


1,250 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 1,040 26.10 97.20 South Padre Island, Texas 792 27.40 97.40 Padre Island National Seashore, Texas 560 (See Appendix Legend) Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis 532 27.80 97.10 Airport, Port Aransas, Texas 462 28.90 95.60 San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 350 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 350 29.50 94.60 Bolivar Flats, Texas 299 28.20 96.60 Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 297 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 261 28.10 96.90 Aransas County, Texas 250 41.10 112.00 Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah 195 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 175 29.00 95.40 Eagle Lake, Texas 172 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 145 27.70 97.20 Mustang Island Beach, Texas


Appendix. Continued. Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia)




509 (See Appendix Legend) 509 41.10 112.00 265 29.50 94.60 182 38.30 98.80 84 36.70 98.20 75 46.50 93.30 66 32.50 94.70 65 32.60 94.40 63 28.90 95.60 60 36.20 95.90 60 40.10 95.30 55 48.20 101.20 52 39.80 113.30 51 48.20 101.50 50 46.30 96.50 50 39.60 102.20 50 33.90 96.80 48 47.90 97.40 47 38.30 103.70 42 38.40 105.00 40 46.90 96.80 40 50.90 106.20

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bolivar Flats, Texas Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota Longview, Texas Harrison County, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Mohawk Park, Tulsa, Oklahoma Big Lake State Park, Missouri Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah Minot, North Dakota Breckenridge sewage lagoons, Minnesota Bonny Reservoir, Colorado Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Grand Forks County, North Dakota Lake Henry, Colorado Penrose, Colorado North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota Eyebrow Lake, Saskatchewan

July through December (Maximum count totals - 2,432) Maximum

Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 281 38.30 98.80 90 48.20 101.20 80 (See Appendix Legend)

75 48.20 101.30 72 46.10 96.10 65 36.70 98.20 65 42.00 103.50 60 40.90 112.10 58 39.80 113.30 50 41.30 112.20 44 46.30 96.50 40 39.50 105.00 40 37.70 118.10 39 32.80 106.10 36 39.90 104.90 35 33.90 96.80 31 48.30 100.80 30 36.70 95.60 30 40.70 95.60 26 48.00 97.10 26 47.90 97.40 26 36.40 104.40 25 35.20 111.70

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Oak Park, Minot, North Dakota Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma North Platte National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Breckenridge sewage lagoons, Minnesota Chatfield, Colorado Dyer, Nevada Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico Barr Lake State Park, Colorado Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas McHenry County, North Dakota Oolagah Reservoir, Nowata County, Oklahoma Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Grand Forks Lagoons area, North Dakota Grand Forks County, North Dakota Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Kachina Village, south of Flagstaff, Arizona


Appendix. Continued. Upland Sandpiper {Bartramia longicauda)


Maximum Count

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


1000 27.80 97.40 Corpus Christi, Texas 400 35.20 97.40 Norman, Cleveland County, Oklahoma 367 29.70 94.60 Chambers County, Texas 250 27.50 97.90 Western Kleberg County, Texas 184 36.40 94.30 State Fish Hatchery, Arkansas 139 48.20 101.50 Minot, North Dakota 125 33.90 96.80 Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 120 29.10 97.30 De Witt County, Texas 100 47.60 101.20 Audubon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota 100 41.70 102.50 Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska 75 30.00 98.90 Two miles west of Comfort, Kerr County, Texas 70 30.10 97.30 Lake Bastrop, Texas 69 36.20 95.90 Mohawk Park, Tulsa, Oklahoma 56 48.30 100.60 Denbigh, North Dakota 56 36.60 96.30 Osage County, Oklahoma 50 29.80 97.90 Northern Guadalupe County, Texas 49 30.20 97.40 Utley, Bastrop County, Texas 49 47.00 99.80 West of Horsehead Lake, Kidder County, North Dakota 45 46.40 100.80 Solen area, Sioux County, North Dakota 40 35.20 97.30 Cleveland County, Oklahoma 40 28.50 96.60 Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas 38 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 35 48.30 100.80 McHenry County, North Dakota


(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 570 36.00 95.70 Coweta sod farms, Wagoner County, Oklahoma 370 36.10 98.50 Near Southard, Blaine County, Oklahoma 300 33.90 96.80 Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 225 35.90 95.90 Arkansas River at Bixby, Tulsa County, Oklahoma 125 47.00 99.80 Casselton, North Dakota 100 48.20 101.50 Ward County, North Dakota 82 47.70 111.30 Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana 80 31.90 102.10 Midland, Texas 70 45.10 99.20 Faulk County, South Dakota 62 42.10 102.60 Palmer Lake near Antioch, Sheridan County, Nebraska 56 41.70 102.50 Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska 50 35.20 97.50 Duluth, Minnesota 50 36.00 95.60 Wagoner County, Oklahoma 50 48.30 100.80 Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota 48 28.70 97.60 Between Berclair and Runge, Karnes County, Texas 48 46.40 100.80 Solen area, North Dakota 46 46.80 102.70 Southwestern Greene County, Iowa 45 33.40 95.70 Rice fields, Delta County, Texas 40 36.70 95.60 Oolagah Reservoir, Nowata County, Oklahoma 35 40.30 103.80 Southeastern Colorado 35 48.00 98.90 Devil's Lake, North Dakota 32 31.50 106.20 Fabens, El Paso County, Texas


Appendix. Continued. Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


1,224 29.70 94.60 453 29.60 94.60 300 29.90 94.40 192 29.90 94.20 183 29.10 95.20 160 49.80 112.20 150 50.00 113.00 140 50.10 112.10 90 29.90 92.30 85 48.40 107.70 81 28.90 95.60 60 29.90 93.20 52 50.20 97.10 51 30.20 92.30 50 47.80 90.10 43 26.30 97.40 41 46.20 108.90 40 47.80 90.30 40 29.50 94.60 35 47.80 112.10 33 (See Appendix Legend) 33 36.70 95.60 32 44.80 107.00

Chambers County, Texas Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas North of Winnie, Texas Six miles north of Interstate 10, west Jefferson County, Texas Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Taber area, Alberta Keho Lake, Alberta Vauxhall, Alberta Fields and ponds southwest of Abbeville, Louisiana Pond east of Round Prairie, Glacier National Park, Montana San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Rice fields, Cameron County, Louisiana Oak Hammock Marsh, Manitoba Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Paradise Beach, Cook County, Minnesota Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Spidel National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Grand Marais, Cook County, Minnesota Bolivar Flats, Texas Freezeout Lake, Montana Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Oolagah Reservoir, Nowata County, Oklahoma Sheridan, Wyoming

July through December (Maximum count totals = 129) Maximum

Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 23 29.10 95.20 10 45.80 108.90 9 28.20 96.60 7 47.70 111.30 6 45.90 109.20 5 28.90 96.00 5 29.50 94.60 3 41.70 93.60 3 33.40 104.50 3 28.30 96.80 3 39.30 118.70 3 50.70 107.50 2 (See Appendix Legend)

2 42.80 106.30 2 29.20 95.80 2 29.60 94.50 2 46.80 92.10 2 38.30 98.80 2 26.00 97.20 2 47.80 90.80 2 36.20 115.20 2 40.50 104.40

Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Border of Stillwater County and Yellowstone County, Montana Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana West of Billings, Montana Rice field, Matagorda County, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Moeckley Prairie, Polk County, Iowa Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Burgentine Lake, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Carson Lake, Nevada Lake Diefenbaker, Saskatchewan Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis

Casper, Wyoming Big Reef, Galveston Island, Texas Rice fields, Chambers County, Texas Duluth, Minnesota Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Port Isabel, South Padre Island, Texas Tofte, Cook County, Minnesota Southeastern Nevada Weld County, Colorado


Appendix. Continued. Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus)


Maximum Latitude Longitude Count (°N) (°W) Location 1,800 27.80 97.90 Western Nueces County, Texas 268 27.20 98.10 Falfurrias, Texas 246 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 182 28.90 95.60 San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 130 41.70 102.50 Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska 120 39.50 118.80 Fallon, Nevada 117 42.10 102.60 Palmer Lake near Antioch, Sheridan County, Nebraska 86 (See Appendix Legend) Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis

85 39.50 118.60 Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada 77 31.50 106.20 Fabens, El Paso County, Texas 75 39.00 111.60 Central Utah 71 36.60 114.50 Overton, Nevada 53 49.80 112.20 South of Taber, Alberta 52 43.80 102.50 Badlands National Park, Pennington County, South Dakota 51 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 50 34.10 102.90 Bailey County, Texas 50 28.50 96.60 Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas 50 50.90 108.20 White Bear, Saskatchewan 46 37.30 102.60 Baca County, Colorado 46 29.10 97.30 DeWitt County, Texas 43 29.50 94.60 Bolivar Flats, Texas 41 27.40 97.40 Padre Island National Seashore, Texas 40 50.50 109.00 Great Sandhills, Saskatchewan 40 58.05 105.00 Hamilton Reservoir, Colorado 40 39.80 113.30 Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah


Count (°N) (°W) Location 856 33.60 102.10 Playa, Lubbock County, Texas 825 34.20 102.10 Playas, Hale County, Texas 781 33.50 102.40 Playa, Hockley County, Texas 750 28.00 97.40 East of Sinton, San Patricio County, Texas 500 31.30 103.80 Toyah Lake, Texas 466 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 400 29.30 103.30 Big Bend area, Texas 334 29.00 95.40 Eagle Lake, Texas 325 33.10 101.80 Playa, Lynn County, Texas 240 39.30 118.70 Carson Lake, Nevada 170 42.10 102.50 Box Butte, Sheridan County, Nebraska 165 28.70 96.10 Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas 150 32.00 102.10 Midland, Texas 145 34.40 102.10 Hart, Castro County, Texas 126 27.40 97.40 Padre Island National Seashore, Texas 83 38.10 102.60 Lamar, Colorado 75 45.90 109.20 West of Billings, Montana 73 47.70 111.30 Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana 71 33.40 104.50 Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico 70 38.20 112.90 Minersville, Utah


Appendix. Continued. Hudsonian Godwit (Limosa haemastica)


Maximum Count

Latitude

(°N)


6,850 38.30 98.80 713 44.30 97.40 692 44.40 97.50 660 28.90 96.60 423 48.10 99.20 420 48.20 101.20 360 45.40 99.20 327 28.50 96.60 310 40.10 95.30 305 51.10 107.10 300 45.00 96.20 291 48.80 95.80 229 29.90 95.90 200 50.20 97.10 159 40.70 95.60 150 28.60 96.50 150 29.80 94.40 150 35.50 97.70 144 42.00 94.40 125 50.90 106.20 102 29.10 95.20 100 43.70 96.80 100 44.40 95.30 98 42.10 93.10 85 45.00 97.60 84 48.30 100.60 84 36.70 98.20 82 50.50 104.60 80 45.90 96.00 78 29.70 94.60

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Lake Thompson, South Dakota Kingsbury County, South Dakota Jackson County, Texas Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Edmunds County, South Dakota Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas Big Lake State Park, Missouri Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota Roseau County, Minnesota Rice fields in Harris County and Waller County, Texas Oak Hammock Marsh, Manitoba Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas Rice fields west of Winnie, Texas Canadian County, Oklahoma Southwest Greene County, Iowa Eyebrow Lake, Saskatchewan Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Minnehaha County, South Dakota Redwood County, Minnesota North of demons, Marshall County, Iowa Wetland (KCorn), Clark County, South Dakota Denbigh, North Dakota Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Regina, Saskatchewan Grant County, Minnesota Chambers County, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 4,000 51.10 107.10 2,934 51.90 104.10 1,150 52.20 106.30 437 52.10 106.60 250 50.40 106.60 211 51.10 105.20 75 50.90 106.20 51 33.40 104.50 50 48.60 100.30 31 48.00 97.10 29 49.10 99.00 27 44.90 95.60 27 53.30 112.50 14 38.30 98.80 9 47.90 97.00

Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Porter Lake, Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan Eyebrow Lake, Saskatchewan Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Willow City, North Dakota Grand Forks Lagoons area, North Dakota Clearwater, Manitoba Wegdahl, Chippewa County, Minnesota Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Eastern North Dakota


Appendix. Continued. Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


35,818 26,858 5,000 3,276 2,000 1,200 1,200 1,000 910 800 795 750 695 670 488 451 430 400 400 325 292 240 222 212 200 200 168 164

(See Appendix Legend)

Maximum Count

41.50 40.70 38.30 41.20 40.80 51.90 50.80 41.30 28.00 51.10 41.10 29.50 47.00 41.10 39.50 50.20 47.10 28.50 47.70 28.20 40.40 40.70 41.10 39.10 45.30 28.90 41.20

112.20 112.50 98.80 112.50 111.90 104.10 112.50 112.20 97.10 107.10 112.00 94.60 99.80 112.10 119.00 112.30 99.80 96.60 111.30 96.90 104.10 111.90 112.20 108.60 97.30 96.00 112.30

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Riverdale, Great Salt Lake, Utah Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Great Salt Lake, Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Bassano, Alberta Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Rockport area, Texas Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bolivar Flats, Texas West of Horsehead Lake, Kidder County, North Dakota Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Western Nevada Lost Lake, Alberta Two miles east of Cherry Lake, Kidder County, North Dakota Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Jackson Reservoir, Morgan County, Colorado North Davis Sewage, Utah Antelope Island Causeway, Antelope Island, Utah Grand Junction, Colorado Bitter Lake, South Dakota Rice field, Matagorda County, Texas Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah


(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 35,600 41.50 112.20 Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah 30,113 (See Appendix Legend) Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis 12,225 51.10 107.10 Luck Lake, Saskatchewan 1,125 51.10 105.20 Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan 1,120 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 1,025 47.70 111.30 Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana 1,000 50.50 106.00 Pelican Lake, Saskatchewan 730 28.00 97.10 Rockport area, Texas 463 41.30 112.20 Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah 300 39.50 118.60 Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada 300 49.90 105.40 Spring Valley, Saskatchewan 250 47.20 98.90 Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota 250 48.00 108.20 Veseth Reservoir, Phillips County, Montana 200 47.20 98.70 Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota 190 28.10 96.90 Aransas County, Texas 175 41.30 112.10 West Warren, Great Salt Lake, Utah 165 29.60 90.50 Lafourche Parish, Louisiana 160 45.30 97.60 Day County, South Dakota


Appendix. Continued. Ruddy Turnstone {Arenaria interpres)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


10,000 58.70 94.10 2,500 51.10 105.20 1,018 27.40 97.40 974 28.20 96.60 780 48.00 98.90 525 29.40 94.60 333 27.70 97.20 312 52.50 105.00 261 29.70 94.60 256 29.60 94.60 230 26.00 97.10 219 26.30 97.40 200 53.30 112.50 200 54.20 110.70 200 50.20 97.10 184 29.50 94.60 156 29.10 90.20 153 26.20 97.20 150 29.90 94.20 144 51.90 104.10 123 28.80 95.60

Churchill area, Manitoba Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Sewage ponds, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Shore east of Bolivar Flats, Galveston Island, Texas Mustang Island Beach, Texas Lac Lenore, Saskatchewan Chambers County, Texas Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Muriel Lake, Alberta Oak Hammock Marsh, Manitoba Bolivar Flats, Texas Fourchon Beach, Louisiana South Padre Island, Texas Six miles north of Interstate 10, west Jefferson County, Texas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Sargent Island, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 471 27.40 97.40 350 47.70 111.30 135 29.00 95.40 130 26.00 97.10 105 28.20 96.60 100 29.20 95.80 92 27.70 97.20 78 29.50 94.60 66 26.00 97.20 55 28.10 96.90 50 29.90 94.20 31 28.00 97.10 30 26.30 97.40 28 28.20 96.90 23 28.70 96.10 22 39.50 118.60 20 49.80 112.20 19 46.30 96.50 18 38.30 98.80 16 28.50 96.60 13 26.10 97.20 13 41.90 93.20 12 39.30 118.70 11 29.10 95.20

64 Mile Beach, Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Eagle Lake, Texas Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Big Reef, Galveston Island, Texas Mustang Island Beach, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Aransas County, Texas Jefferson County, Texas Rockport area, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas • Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Taber area, Alberta Breckenridge sewage lagoons, Minnesota Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas South Padre Island, Texas Hendrickson Marsh, Story County, Iowa Carson Lake, Nevada Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas

SHOREBIRD MIGRATION IN MDDCONTINENTAL NORTH AMERICA 151

Appendix. C Continued. Red Knot (Calidris canutus)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


2,838 27.70 97.20 2,500 51 105.20 2,500 29.30 89.90 2,460 27.80 97.10 1,699 51.90 104.10 1,500 50.40 106.60 1,040 53.30 112.50 900 26.00 97.10 800 28.20 96.60 750 29.50 94.60 575 26.30 97.40 267 (See Appendix Legend) 184 27.40 97.40 112 40.90 112.10 90 33.40 104.50 81 26.20 97.20 55 28.50 96.60 50 50.90 106.20 48 27.60 97.30 48 28.90 95.10 40 29.20 95.80 40 40.70 111.90 40 29.40 94.60 38 40.20 105.10

Mustang Island Beach, Texas Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Airport, Port Aransas, Texas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico South Padre Island, Texas Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas Eyebrow Lake, Saskatchewan Laguna Madre, Corpus Christi, Texas San Luis Pass, Galveston Island, Texas Big Reef, Galveston Island, Texas North Davis Sewage, Utah Shore east of Bolivar Flats, Galveston Island, Texas Longmont, Colorado


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 1,443 27.70 97.20 1,439 27.40 97.40 280 26.30 97.40 250 28.20 96.60 182 38.30 98.80 111 27.60 97.80 88 27.80 97.10 45 29.50 94.60 45 36.70 95.60 30 26.10 97.20 29 28.30 96.80 28 26.00 97.10 27 27.60 97.30 22 35.90 95.90 16 51.10 105.20 12 27.70 97.60 10 29.20 95.80 10 33.70 94.00

Mustang Island Beach, Texas Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Beach on border of Nueces County and Kleberg County, Texas Airport, Port Aransas, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Oolagah Reservoir, Nowata County, Oklahoma South Padre Island, Texas Burgentine Lake, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Laguna Madre, Corpus Christi, Texas Arkansas River at Bixby, Tulsa County, Oklahoma Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan Nueces County, Texas Big Reef, Galveston Island, Texas Lake Millwood, Arkansas


Appendix. Continued. Sanderling {Calidris alba)

January through June (Maximum count totals = = 130,436)

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


23,498 51.90 104.10 20,000 52.70 110.00 13,944 50.40 106.60 11,293 (See Appendix Legend) 10,000 51.10 105.20 10,000 52.80 107.00 7,000 41.20 112.00 5,586 41.00 112.20 4,900 48.90 104.10 3,955 27.40 97.40 3,795 28.20 96.60 3,000 52.10 110.50 2,740 41.10 112.00 1,766 41.10 112.20 1,541 50.10 106.00 1,500 50.00 105.80 1,485 26.20 97.20 1,279 26.30 97.40 1,196 26.00 97.10 1,090 27.70 97.20

Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Reflex Lakes, Alberta Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan Blaine Lakes, Saskatchewan South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah Flat Lake, Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Sounding Lakes, Alberta Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Antelope Island Causeway, Antelope Island, Utah Old Wives Lake, Saskatchewan Lake Frederick, Saskatchewan South Padre Island, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Mustang Island Beach, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 7,200 51.90 104.10 4,200 27.40 97.40 1,500 36.70 98.20 900 28.20 96.60 873 27.70 97.20 730 42.00 103.50 599 26.00 97.10 522 38.30 98.80 409 26.00 97.20 370 29.20 95.80 350 29.50 94.60 277 29.00 95.40 220 28.70 96.10 200 40.50 118.50 200 28.50 96.60 192 46.10 96.10 176 31.50 92.30 150 48.00 97.10 146 26.30 97.40 141 (See Appendix Legend) 141 41.10 112.20 104 47.20 98.90

Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Mustang Island Beach, Texas North Platte National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska Boca Chica Beach, Cameron County, Texas Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Port Isabel, South Padre Island, Texas Big Reef, Galveston Island, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Eagle Lake, Texas Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Nevada Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Grand Forks Lagoons area, North Dakota Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Antelope Island Causeway, Antelope Island, Utah Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota


Appendix. Continued. Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla)

Maximum Latitude


Longitude Count

>60,000 (°N) 38.30

(°W) 98.80

Location Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas

15,000 48.10 99.20 Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota 12,970 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 9,668 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 9,218 44.70 97.00 Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota 7,987 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 6,000 47.50 100.80 Blue Lake, North Dakota 5,997 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 4,415 48.00 98.90 Sewage ponds, Devil's Lake, North Dakota 4,022 29.90 95.90 Rice fields in Harris County and Wäller County, Texas 4,000 40.70 95.60 Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa 4,000 51.10 107.10 Luck Lake, Saskatchewan 3,590 50.40 106.60 Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan 3,400 48.20 101.20 Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota 3,331 38.20 98.60 Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas 3,015 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana 2,759 44.70 97.60 Dry Lake A, Clark County, South Dakota 2,650 34.80 92.00 Lonoke County, Arkansas 2,110 44.00 96.90 Milwaukee Lake, South Dakota 2,069 26.20 97.20 South Padre Island, Texas 2,000 47.60 101.20 Audubon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota 2,000 29.50 94.60 Bolivar Flats, Texas 1,800 47.60 101.00 Lake Nettie National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota


Count (°N) (°W) Location

43,250 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 7,000 48.10 99.20 Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota 3,615 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 3,000 47.90 100.20 Border of McHenry County and Wells County, North Dakota 2,753 31.50 92.30 Catahoula Lake, Louisiana 2,025 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 2,015 51.10 107.10 Luck Lake, Saskatchewan 1,890 28.90 95.60 San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 1,651 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 1,500 46.90 96.80 North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 1,460 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 1,200 48.00 98.90 Devil's Lake, North Dakota 1,005 51.10 105.20 Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan 1,000 48.00 97.10 Grand Forks Lagoons area, North Dakota 850 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana 705 46.90 97.20 Casselton, North Dakota 700 48.20 101.20 Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota 602 38.20 98.60 Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas 600 46.10 96.10 Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota 600 47.90 97.40 Grand Forks County, North Dakota 600 28.30 96.80 Burgentine Lake, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas


Appendix. Continued. Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri)

January through June (Maximum count totals = 116,902) Maximum

Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 21,311 26.30 97.40 10,000 36.70 98.20 9,198 29.50 94.60 8,000 29.30 89.90 7,976 (See Appendix Legend) 7,916 26.20 97.20 7,750 28.90 95.60 7,500 41.10 112.00 5,185 38.30 98.80 5,000 28.70 96.10 4,445 29.10 95.20 3,130 30.20 92.30 2,527 30.20 92.70 2,374 28.20 96.60 2,003 33.40 104.50 2,000 30.10 92.90 1,440 41.00 111.90 1,270 28.90 95.10 1,035 28.10 97.10 939 28.20 96.90

Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Bolivar Flats, Texas Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis South Padre Island, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah San Luis Pass, Galveston Island, Texas Near Aransas National Wildlife Refuge including Copano Bay, Texas Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas

July through December (Maximum count totals =138,010) Maximum

Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 21,500 38.30 98.80 20,000 39.30 118.70 10,530 (See Appendi x Legend) 10,500 41.30 112.20 9,160 26.30 97.40 6,217 41.50 112.20 5,000 27.70 97.30 5,000 29.50 94.60 4,240 30.20 92.30 4,120 29.10 95.20 4,100 28.70 96.10 4,000 31.50 92.30 3,900 40.50 118.50 3,700 41.10 112.00 3,000 28.50 96.50 2,801 36.70 98.20 2,375 28.90 95.60 2,300 28.80 95.80 2,200 41.70 112.60 1,883 39.80 113.30 1,575 41.70 112.90 1,500 29.70 94.80 1,224 41.00 111.90 1,150 40.90 112.10 1,050 34.70 91.90 1,000 33.90 96.80

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Carson Lake, Nevada Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Oso Bay, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Nevada North Layton, Utah Calhoun County, Texas Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Big Boggy, Texas Promontory, Great Salt Lake, Utah Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah Locomotive Springs, Great Salt Lake, Utah Trinity Bay, Texas West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Anderson's Fish Hatchery, Lonoke County, Arkansas Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas


Appendix. Continued. Least Sandpiper {Calidris minutilla)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Kutawagon Lakes, Saskatchewan Lonoke County, Arkansas Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota Cameron Parish, Louisiana Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Bolivar Flats, Texas Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Pond near Dry Lake, Clark County, South Dakota Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Rice fields, Rollover Bay, Chambers County, Texas Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Village Creek Treatment Plant, Texas Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota McHenry County, North Dakota Border of McHenry County and Ward County, North Dakota Matagorda County, Texas Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah Airport, Port Aransas, Texas

25,166 38.30 98.80 13,833 26.30 97.40 7,149 51.90 104.10 3,508 29.10 95.20 3,063 (See Appendix Legend) 1,650 41.10 112.00 1,115 28.90 95.60 1,070 30.20 92.30 1,000 29.30 89.90 1,000 51.60 104.70 1,000 34.80 92.00 994 44.70 97.00 875 30.00 93.10 800 46.00 97.40 781 29.50 94.60 550 48.20 101.20 534 44.70 97.70 532 28.20 96.60 510 29.60 94.50 508 33.40 104.50 500 32.80 97.10 400 48.10 99.20 380 48.30 100.80 375 48.20 101.00 370 28.80 95.90 350 43.30 94.10 342 39.80 113.30 341 27.80 97.10

Maximum Count

Latitude (-N)

July through December (Maximum count totals = 206,238) LöligTtucle

(°W) Location Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlite Management Area, Kansas Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Mitchell Lake, Bexar County, Texas Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota Tucson, Arizona Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Sewage treatment plant, Tucson, Arizona Lahontan Valley, Nevada Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas

>60,000 38.30 98.80 8,800 36.70 98.20 2,200 51.90 104.10 2,000 29.30 98.50 2,000 43.30 94.10 1,400 31.50 92.30 1,322 26.30 97.40 1,295 29.10 95.20 1,181 30.20 92.30 1,000 46.10 96.10 800 32.20 110.90 709 30.10 92.90 700 32.30 111.00 675 39.40 119.10 650 34.00 102.70 635 28.90 95.60 619 28.70 96.10



Maximum Count

Maximum Count

White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis) January through June (Maximum count totals = 343,257)

Latitude (°N)


>60,000 38.30 ~" 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 30,000 48.10 99.20 Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota 17,126 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 12,519 44.70 97.00 Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota 7,660 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 6,349 44.70 97.60 Dry Lake A, Clark County, South Dakota 5^600 47.70 100.20 Sheyenne Lake, North Dakota 4,864 38.20 98.60 Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas 4,170 44.00 96.90 Milwaukee Lake, South Dakota 4^000 47.50 100.80 Blue Lake, North Dakota 3^800 42.90 97.00 Clay County, South Dakota 3^800 44.00 97.10 Lake County, South Dakota 3,500 48.20 101.20 Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota 3,500 46.80 100.40 McKenzie Slough, North Dakota 3^500 48.60 102.40 Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota 2^945 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 2,525 48.00 98.90 Devil's Lake, North Dakota 2,000 47.50 101.00 Turtle Lake, North Dakota 2'oOO 40.70 95.60 Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa 2^000 47.60 101.20 Audubon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota 2,000 48.80 102.10 Des Lacs Valley, North Dakota 1,905 44.30 97.40 Lake Thompson, South Dakota L890 45.00 97.60 Wetland (KCorn), Clark County, South Dakota 1,675 51.10 107.10 Luck Lake, Saskatchewan L612 44.70 97.70 Pond near Dry Lake, Clark County, South Dakota L450 48.00 100.60 Connia Slough, McHenry County, North Dakota L372 44.30 97.50 Lake Thompson, South Dakota L000 47.60 101.30 McLean County, North Dakota 1,000 29.10 97.50 Cameron County, Texas 970 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana


(°N)


3,000 58.70 94.10 1,000 51.90 104.10 160 38.30 98.80 95 33.70 94.00 32 46.30 96.50 25 35.40 95.00 23 46.10 96.10 18 38.20 98.60 12 45.60 98.30 12 29.30 98.50 11 39.00 92.60 11 36.10 96.00 10 45.90 109.20 10 36.20 94.10

Churchill, Manitoba Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Lake Millwood, Arkansas Breckenridge sewage lagoons, Minnesota R. S. Kerr Lake, Oklahoma Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Brown County, South Dakota Mitchell Lake, Bexar County, Texas Overton Bottoms, Missouri Lynn Lane Reservoir, Tulsa County, Oklahoma West of Billings, Montana Springdale, Benton County, Arkansas


Appendix. Continued. Baird's Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


>60,000 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 16,733 50.40 106.60 Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan 10,000 52.40 110.60 Metiskow Lake, Alberta 4,150 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 2,952 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 2,200 44.00 97.10 Lake County, South Dakota 1,731 44.30 97.40 Lake Thompson, South Dakota 1,677 44.00 96.90 Milwaukee Lake, South Dakota 1,500 47.50 100.80 Blue Lake, North Dakota 1,337 38.20 98.60 Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas 1,210 26.30 97.40 Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 1,000 29.10 97.50 Cameron County, Texas 800 48.20 101.20 Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota 800 33.90 96.80 Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 525 48.20 101.50 Minot, North Dakota 500 35.50 97.70 Lake Overholser, Oklahoma County, Oklahoma 500 48.80 102.10 Des Lacs Valley, North Dakota 470 48.60 100.70 J. C. Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota 450 39.30 98.50 Wilson State Park and Wildlife Area, Kansas 450 29.30 98.50 Mitchell Lake, Bexar County, Texas


Count 31,110 5,000 3,700 2,400 1,500 1,100 1,100 750 691 613 500 500 500 490 453 445 400 380 365 350 350 300 300 275 255

Latitude (°N)


38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 41.20 101.70 Lake McConaughy, Nebraska 51.90 104.10 Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 48.30 100.60 Denbigh, North Dakota 40.30 103.80 Southeastern Colorado 39.90 104.90 Barr Lake State Park, Colorado 34.00 102.70 Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 42.30 102.20 Sandhills, Sheridan County, Nebraska 39.80 104.90 Denver, Colorado

See Appendix Legend) Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis 42.50 102.40 Western Nevada 41.50 112.20 Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah 48.20 101.20 Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota 38.20 98.60 Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas 40.40 104.10 Jackson Reservoir, Morgan County, Colorado 48.00 97.10 North of Grand Forks Lagoons, North Dakota 33.40 104.50 Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico 51.10 107.10 19 km west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan 47.70 111.30 Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana 38.00 103.50 Northeastern Colorado 46.90 96.80 North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 40.60 105.10 Fort Collins, Colorado 42.70 103.40 Crawford, Dawes County, Nebraska 42.10 102.50 Box Butte, Sheridan County, Nebraska



Maximum Count

Maximum Count

Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) January through June (Maximum count totals = 55,205)

Latitude (°N)


18,700 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 3,018 44.70 97.00 Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota 1,928 29.90 95.90 Rice fields, Harris County and Waller County, Texas 1,500 41.80 91.50 Coralville Reservoir, Johnson County, Iowa 1,500 29.30 89.90 Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana 1,500 40.70 95.60 Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa 1,087 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 1,000 27.80 97.40 Coipus Christi, Texas 1,000 39.40 91.10 Ted Shanks Wildlife Area, Missouri 1,000 44.40 95.30 Redwood County, Minnesota 1,000 53.30 112.50 Beaverhill Lake, Alberta 1,000 34.70 91.90 Anderson's Fish Hatchery, Lonoke County, Arkansas 858 29.70 94.60 Chambers County, Texas 833 44.70 97.70 Pond near Dry Lake, Clark County, South Dakota 800 48.20 101.20 Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota 750 48.10 99.20 Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota 735 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana 700 43.30 94.10 Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa 600 44.00 97.10 Lake County, South Dakota 574 41.80 93.70 Northeast of Polk City, Polk County, Iowa 560 42.00 94.40 Southwestern Greene County, Iowa 550 28.80 97.00 Victoria County, Texas 500 36.70 95.60 Oolagah Reservoir, Nowata County, Oklahoma 500 35.90 95.90 Arkansas River at Bixby, Tulsa County, Oklahoma


(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 28,811 38.30 98.80 6,200 51.90 104.10 5,086 43.30 94.10 3,800 46.90 96.80 3,000 41.80 91.50 2,500 48.00 98.90 2,017 31.50 92.30 2,000 50.20 97.10 2,000 47.20 98.90 1,781 41.70 93.60 1,600 43.00 94.50 1,500 41.50 93.40 1,320 51.10 107.10 1,000 41.80 93.70 947 46.90 97.20 805 30.10 92.90 750 36.00 95.70 700 48.00 97.10 601 30.20 92.30 570 41.70 94.30 550 48.20 101.20

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, Iowa North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota Coralville Reservoir, Johnson County, Iowa Devil's Lake, North Dakota Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Oak Hammock Marsh, Manitoba Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Moeckley Prairie, Polk County, Iowa Fields near West Bend, Kossuth County, Iowa South of Runnells, Polk County, Iowa 19 km west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Northeast of Polk City, Polk County, Iowa Casselton, North Dakota Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Coweta sod farms, Wagoner County, Oklahoma North of Grand Forks Lagoons, North Dakota Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Bays Branch Wildlife Area, Guthrie County, Iowa Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota


Appendix. Continued. Dunlin (Calidris alpina)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


25,000 48.10 99.20 9,087 26.30 97.40 8,000 29.30 89.90 5,242 29.10 95.20 4,040 29.50 94.60 3,710 30.20 92.30 3,495 28.90 95.60 2,768 27.80 97.10 2,547 26.20 97.20 2,014 28.20 96.60 2,000 29.90 95.90 1,575 28.90 95.10 1,517 33.40 104.50 1,452 48.00 98.90 1,400 38.30 98.80 1,375 28.80 95.90 1,368 44.70 97.00 1,134 29.70 94.60 866 44.00 96.90 860 30.10 92.90 820 28.70 96.10 790 30.20 92.70 754 44.00 97.10 663 29.60 94.60 531 29.60 94.50

Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Airport, Port Aransas, Texas South Padre Island, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Rice fields, Harris County and Waller County, Texas San Luis Pass, Galveston Island, Texas Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Devil's Lake, North Dakota Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Matagorda County, Texas Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota Chambers County, Texas Milwaukee Lake, South Dakota Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana Lake County, South Dakota Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Rice fields, Rollover Bay, Chambers County, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 2,743 28.70 96.10 2,500 29.70 94.80 2,385 30.20 92.30 1,556 38.30 98.80 1,550 28.00 97.10 900 29.50 94.60 886 26.30 97.40 735 27.80 97.10 518 33.40 104.50 415 29.00 95.40 350 30.10 92.90 350 28.30 96.80 346 28.20 96.60 300 48.40 97.70 200 39.30 118.70 200 29.10 95.20 141 26.10 97.20 135 48.10 99.20 125 29.20 95.80 120 39.40 119.10

Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Trinity Bay, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Rockport area, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Airport, Port Aransas, Texas Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Eagle Lake, Texas Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Burgentine Lake, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Walsh County, North Dakota Carson Lake, Nevada Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas South Padre Island, Texas Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Big Reef, Galveston Island, Texas Lahontan Valley, Nevada



Maximum Count

Maximum Count

Stilt Sandpiper (Calidris himantopus) January through June (Maximum count totals = 149,297)

Latitude (°N)


54,900 38.30 98.80 14,488 51.90 104.10 10,000 52.40 110.20 10,000 48.10 99.20 5,082 50.50 106.00 4,888 26.30 97.40 3,080 28.90 95.60 2,725 53.30 112.50 2,640 30.20 92.30 2,500 50.80 104.90 2,450 51.10 105.20 1,756 29.10 95.20 1,592 48.60 100.70 1,500 48.20 101.30 1,481 44.70 97.00 1,433 28.20 96.60 1,430 51.10 107.10 1,300 48.20 101.20 1,175 38.20 98.60 1,000 44.40 100.00 1,000 48.80 104.10 984 36.70 98.20 853 30.20 92.70 821 50.40 106.60 800 38.10 102.60

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Gillespie Lake area, Alberta Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Pelican Lake, Saskatchewan Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Valeport Marsh, Saskatchewan Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas J. C. Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Oak Park, Minot, North Dakota Dry Lake B, Clark County, South Dakota Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Hughes County, South Dakota Goose Lake near Westby, Montana Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Lamar, Colorado


(°N)


29511 38.30 98.80 22000 48.10 99.20 21600 51.90 104.10 3000 46.90 96.80 3000 47.10 99.80 2885 36.70 98.20 2850 31.50 92.30 2500 48.30 99.20 2478 29.10 95.20 2390 51.10 107.10 2000 48.00 99.50 1800 38.10 103.50 1740 28.90 95.60 1504 30.20 92.30 1152 38.20 98.60 940 38.10 103.70 900 48.20 101.20 700 48.00 97.10 600 47.50 100.10 600 47.90 97.00

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota Two miles east of Cherry Lake, Kidder County, North Dakota Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Churchs Ferry, North Dakota Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Benson County, North Dakota Cheraw, Colorado San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Rocky Ford, Colorado Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Grand Forks Lagoons area, North Dakota Goodrich, North Dakota Grand Forks, North Dakota



Buff-breasted Sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis) January through June (Maximum count totals = 2,832)

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


700 53.30 112.50 355 30.20 92.30 250 27.20 98.10 200 52.40 106.00 175 35.50 97.70 150 28.80 97.00 92 28.50 96.60 92 48.80 100.80 86 35.90 95.90 75 34.70 97.20 75 36.20 95.90 56 35.20 97.30 54 35.90 96.00 38 29.90 95.90 31 29.30 89.90 30 35.40 97.60 29 36.00 95.70 29 27.70 97.60

Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Falfurrias, Texas Buffer Lake, Saskatchewan Canadian County, Oklahoma Victoria County, Texas Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island^ Calhoun County, Texas Bottineau County, North Dakota Arkansas River at Bixby, Tulsa County, Oklahoma Pauls Valley, Garvin County, Oklahoma Mohawk Park, Tulsa, Oklahoma Cleveland County, Oklahoma South Tulsa sod farms, Oklahoma Rice field, Harris County and Waller County, Texas Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Overholser and Hefner lakes, Oklahoma Coweta sod farms, Wagoner County, Oklahoma Nueces County, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 337 36.00 95.60 300 27.30 97.70 281 36.00 95.70 257 40.70 95.60 182 38.30 98.80 160 35.90 95.90 125 51.90 104.10 120 35.90 95.50 90 28.50 96.60 85 26.80 97.80 75 36.10 95.90 72 44.50 109.10 71 33.90 96.80 65 50.20 97.10 63 30.20 97.40 60 30.10 92.90 57 36.10 96.30 52 44.70 93.00 44 43.20 98.50 44 36.50 95.60 41 30.20 97.60 40 41.80 93.70 40 30.10 94.10 35 41.80 91.50 35 30.20 92.30 34 38.20 98.60 33 37.80 97.50

Wagoner County, Oklahoma Southern Kleberg County, Texas Coweta sod farms, Wagoner County, Oklahoma Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Arkansas River at Bixby, Tulsa County, Oklahoma Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Porter sod farms, Wagoner County, Oklahoma Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas Pasture, south Kleberg County, Texas Tulsa County, Oklahoma Cody, Wyoming Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Oak Hammock Marsh, Manitoba Utley, Bastrop County, Texas Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Keystone Lake, Oklahoma Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Missouri Charles Mix County, South Dakota Oolagah Reservoir, Rogers County, Oklahoma Hornsby Bend Ponds, Texas Northeast of Polk City, Polk County, Iowa Six miles north of Interstate 10, west Jefferson County, Texas Coralville Reservoir, Johnson County, Iowa Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Colwich, Sedgwick County, Kansas


Appendix. Continued. Short-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus)


Maximum Latitude Longitude Count (°N) (°W) 3,500 29.30 89.90 3,400 29.90 95.90 3,200 30.20 92.00 1,600 29.60 94.60 1,500 29.50 94.60 1,280 38.30 98.80 750 30.20 92.30 734 28.00 97.10 600 29.20 95.00 511 38.20 98.60 450 28.70 96.10 326 28.20 96.60 325 40.10 95.30 300 40.70 95.60 200 29.10 90.20 200 29.60 94.50 170 29.60 93.40 150 26.30 97.40 125 45.30 97.50 110 46.80 92.10 110 36.70 95.60

Location

Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)

Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Rice fields in Harris County and Waller County, Texas Rice fields in Acadia Parish, Louisiana Anahuac National Wildlife Refiige, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Rockport area, Texas West Galveston Island, Texas Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Big Lake State Park, Mssouri Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Fourchon Beach, Louisiana Rice fields, Rollover Bay, Chambers County, Texas Sabine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Hawkinson Waterfowl Production Area, near Waubay, South Dakota Duluth, Minnesota Oolagah Reservoir, Nowata County, Oklahoma



3,200 38.30 98.80 2,350 29.00 95.40 1,198 29.50 94.60 1,120 31.50 92.30 845 48.10 99.20 500 45.80 108.50 450 50.90 106.20 437 50.70 107.50 400 45.80 108.90 400 46.90 96.80 380 46.10 96.10 267 28.30 96.80 250 45.90 109.10 200 39.70 93.30 200 46.30 96.50 160 33.80 91.30 150 48.40 97.70 124 28.20 96.60 100 47.20 98.90 95 38.20 98.60 90 33.40 104.50 90 40.70 95.60 75 48.20 101.20

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Eagle Lake, Texas Bolivar Flats, Texas Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Ponds, lakes, rivers, near Billings, Montana Eyebrow Lake, Saskatchewan Lake Diefenbaker, Saskatchewan Border of Stillwater County and Yellowstone County, Montana North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota Orwell Wildlife Management Area, Minnesota Burgentine Lake, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Halfbreed National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Mssouri Breckenridge Sewage Lagoons, Minnesota Oakwood Unit, Overflow National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas Walsh County, North Dakota Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota


Appendix. Continued. Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


>60,000 38.30 98.80 53,712 (See Appendix Legend) 27,000 39.30 118.70 25,000 41.20 112.30 17,125 41.10 112.00 12,000 41.10 112.10 10,943 40.90 112.10 10,000 29.60 94.60 10,000 41.30 112.20 7,715 30.20 92.30 6,500 47.80 112.10 4,500 30.10 92.90 4,200 28.90 96.00 4,000 29.30 89.90 3,300 44.00 97.10 3,000 47.70 111.30 2,864 44.00 96.90 2,836 44.30 97.50 1,875 38.20 98.60 1,800 44.40 97.50 1,782 28.70 96.10

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Carson Lake, Nevada Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Freezeout Lake, Montana Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Rice field, Matagorda County, Texas Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Lake County, South Dakota Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Milwaukee Lake, South Dakota Lake Thompson, South Dakota Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Kingsbury County, South Dakota Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location >60,000 38.30 98.80 50,000 39.40 119.10 30,000 48.10 99.20 20,000 39.30 118.70 15,000 39.50 118.60 15,000 48.00 98.90 14,626 (See Appendix Legend) 11,735 47.70 111.30 11,150 41.10 112.10 10,000 40.50 118.50 9,000 48.60 100.70 5,975 31.50 92.30 4,650 40.90 112.10 3,003 28.70 96.10 3,000 48.00 99.50 2,500 41.30 112.20 2,500 36.70 98.20 2,306 30.20 92.30 2,181 30.10 92.90 2,000 48.60 102.40 1,975 38.20 98.60 1,605 51.10 107.10 1,235 48.20 101.20 1,200 48.60 101.60

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Lahontan Valley, Nevada Minnewaukan Flats, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Carson Lake, Nevada Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Devil's Lake, North Dakota Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Nevada J. C. Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Benson County, North Dakota Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Montrail County, North Dakota Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota


Appendix. Continued. All Dowitchers




>60,000 38.30 98.80 53,712 (See Appendix Legend) 27,002 39.30 118.70 25,000 41.20 112.30 17,125 41.10 112.00 14,342 29.50 94.60 13,815 30.20 92.30 12,733 29.60 94.60 12,000 41.10 112.10 10,943 40.90 112.10 10,000 41.30 112.20 9,344 29.10 95.20 8,700 29.90 95.90 8,318 26.30 97.40 7,500 29.30 89.90 7,332 28.90 95.60 6,501 47.80 112.10 6,064 29.70 94.60 4,550 53.30 112.50 4,503 30.10 92.90 4,201 44.00 96.90 4,200 28.90 96.00

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Carson Lake, Nevada Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bolivar Flats, Texas Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas Rice fields in Harris County and Waller County, Texas Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Freezeout Lake, Montana Chambers County, Texas Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Between Lake Arthur and Holmwood, Louisiana Mlwaukee Lake, South Dakota Rice field, Matagorda County, Texas


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location >60,000 38.30 98.80 50,002 39.40 119.10 33,800 (See Appendix Legend) 33,800 41.50 112.20 30,845 48.10 99.20 20,002 39.30 118.70 15,002 48.00 98.90 15,001 39.50 118.60 11,735 47.70 111.30 11,150 41.10 112.10 10,000 40.50 118.50 9,000 48.60 100.70 7,568 51.10 107.10 7,095 31.50 92.30 4,650 40.90 112.10 4,032 28.50 96.60 4,000 54.30 110.70 3,905 26.30 97.40 3,500 51.90 104.10 3,348 30.20 92.30 3,235 38.20 98.60

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Lahontan Valley, Nevada Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Minnewaukan Flats, Benson County, North Dakota Carson Lake, Nevada Devil's Lake, North Dakota Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Nevada J. C. Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota 19 km west of Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Catahoula Lake, Louisiana Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Magnolia Beach, Indianola Island, Calhoun County, Texas Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas



Maximum Count

Maximum Count

Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) January through June (Maximum count totals = 5,838)

Latitude (°N)


"650 39.40 91.10 Ted Shanks Wildlife Area, Missouri 410 30.20 92.30 Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana 340 29.30 98.50 Mitchell Lake, Bexar County, Texas 300 34.80 91.90 Joe Hogan Fish Hatchery, Arkansas 230 34.70 91.60 North of Slovak on Highway 11, Prairie County, Arkansas 220 29.10 95.20 Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Brazoria County, Texas 200 32.20 91.30 Wilderness Field, Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana 185 33.90 96.80 Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas 152 38.30 98.80 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas 150 41.70 91.50 Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa 143 32.00 102.10 Midland, Texas 122 47.90 97.40 Grand Forks County, North Dakota 115 30.20 92.70 Between Jennings and Welsh, Louisiana 110 36.70 98.20 Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma 100 42.00 96.20 Blue Lake, Monona County, Iowa 83 43.10 94.70 Emmetsburg, Palo Alto County, Iowa 83 36.20 95.90 Mohawk Park, Tulsa, Oklahoma 83 33.40 104.50 Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico 80 29.30 89.90 Grand Terre, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana 78 41.90 93.20 Hendrickson Marsh, Story County, Iowa 75 40.70 95.60 Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa


Latitude (°N)


942 38.30 98.80 400 40.70 95.60 400 39.40 91.10 330 30.20 92.30 250 40.10 95.30 225 33.40 104.50 203 48.60 100.70 177 50.20 97.10 150 46.60 114.10 130 36.20 94.10 121 37.00 90.20 108 29.40 98.50 102 41.90 93.70 100 42.10 93.10 100 40.60 105.10 100 32.50 94.70 80 40.40 104.10 78 47.20 98.90 74 31.00 103.70 72 39.80 104.90 67 45.00 93.50 65 28.70 96.10 62 44.80 96.60 60 41.80 93.70

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Riverton Wildlife Area, Fremont County, Iowa Ted Shanks Wildlife Area, Missouri Between Duson and Crowley, Louisiana Big Lake State Park, Missouri Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico J. C. Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Oak Hammock Marsh, Manitoba Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Springdale, Benton County, Arkansas Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Missouri Brdwy/Wetmore, San Antonio, Texas Slater Ponds, Story County, Iowa North of demons, Marshall County, Iowa Fort Collins, Colorado Longview, Texas Jackson Reservoir, Morgan County, Colorado Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Lake Balmorhea, Texas Denver, Colorado Hennepin County, Minnesota Mad Island Wildlife Management Area, Texas Rush Lake, Deuel County, South Dakota Northeast of Polk City, Polk County, Iowa


Appendix. Continued. Wilson's Phalarope {Phalaropus tricolor)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


146,000 38.30 98.80 138,102 (See Append x Legend)

>100,000 41.10 112.10 32,850 41.10 112.00 10,000 41.20 112.00 8,055 41.70 102.50 7,100 50.40 106.60 6,200 44.40 97.50 4,000 38.50 100.90 3,592 44.30 97.50 2,752 47.00 99.70 2,555 29.90 95.90 2,183 38.20 98.60 2,000 39.30 98.50 2,000 29.30 98.50 2,000 38.10 102.60 2,000 41.90 102.10 1,867 41.50 112.20 1,785 47.70 111.30 1,600 48.20 101.20 1,500 44.00 97.10 1,500 48.20 101.30 1,322 38.40 115.10 1,159 44.00 96.90 1,118 28.90 95.60 1,100 34.00 102.70 1,036 33.40 104.50

Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Kingsbury, South Dakota Scott County, Kansas Lake Thompson, South Dakota Sibley Lake area, Kidder County, North Dakota Rice fields in Harris County and Waller County, Texas Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Kansas Wilson State Park and Wildlife Area, Kansas Mitchell Lake, Bexar County, Texas Lamar, Colorado Alkali Lake, Grant County, Nebraska Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Lake County, South Dakota Oak Park, Minot, North Dakota Kirch Wildlife Management Area, Nevada Milwaukee Lake, South Dakota San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico


Count Latitude

(°N) Longitude

(°W) Location 330,150 (See Appendix Legend) 250,000 41.00 112.20 200,000 41.10 112.00 125,000 41.10 112.10 55,000 41.00 112.10 35,650 40.90 112.10 30,000 41.20 112.00 25,000 41.50 112.20 11,000 39.50 118.60 10,722 38.30 98.80 10,000 36.10 102.00 8,000 41.00 111.90 6,192 50.40 106.60 5,000 41.30 112.20 4,500 34.00 102.70 3,844 42.10 102.50 3,500 48.20 101.20 3,000 47.60 99.70

Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah North Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah Farmington Bay, Great Salt Lake, Utah South shore, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bear River National Wildlife Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Between Cactus Lake and Etter, Moore County, Texas West of Interpretive Center, Great Salt Lake, Utah Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Harold Crane Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Sheridan County, Nebraska Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Wells County, North Dakota


Appendix. Concluded. Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus)


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


45,188 51.90 104.10 43,000 (See Appendix Legend) 42,100 41.10 112.00 34,245 52.70 109.70 20,000 52.60 110.10 15,000 41.10 112.10 11,890 52.20 108.50 8,000 42.80 106.30 7,755 50.40 106.60 4,000 53.30 112.50 3,545 52.10 110.70 3,500 48.20 101.20 2,500 41.60 109.20 2,000 46.00 109.20 1,900 48.00 100.60 1,775 51.10 107.10 1,655 33.40 104.50 1,500 48.00 98.60 1,500 47.70 111.30 1,500 48.20 101.50 1,241 38.30 98.80 1,100 38.90 107.90

Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Manito Lake and Wells Lake, Saskatchewan Kellarney Lake and Leane Lake, Alberta, Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Landis Lake, Saskatchewan Casper, Wyoming Chaplin Lakes, Saskatchewan Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Gooseberry Lake, Alberta Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Rock Springs, Wyoming Northwest of Billings, Montana Connia Slough, McHenry County, North Dakota Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico East Devil's Lake, North Dakota Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Minot, North Dakota Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Management Area, Kansas Delta, Colorado


Maximum Count

Latitude (°N)


10,000 39.30 118.70 9,522 51.90 104.10 7,000 53.30 112.50 3,500 47.80 112.10 3,300 (See Appendix Legend) 3,000 41.10 112.10 1,800 51.10 107.10 1,200 48.00 98.80 1,200 48.20 101.20 1,000 41.10 112.00 900 47.60 101.20 800 41.20 112.30 766 39.40 119.10 725 42.10 102.50 655 48.00 98.90 600 58.70 94.10 500 47.70 111.30 400 33.40 104.50 380 41.70 111.80 250 45.90 109.10 200 47.90 97.00 200 37.60 113.20 200 39.50 118.80

Carson Lake, Nevada Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan Beaverhill Lake, Alberta Freezeout Lake, Montana Great Salt Lake area, Utah, single site analysis Howard Slough Wildlife Management Area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Luck Lake, Saskatchewan Black Tiger Bay, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Sewage lagoons, Minot, North Dakota Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake, Utah Audubon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota Ogden area, Great Salt Lake, Utah Lahontan Valley, Nevada Sheridan County, Nebraska Sewage ponds, Devil's Lake, North Dakota Churchill area, Manitoba Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico Barrens, Cache County, Utah Halfbreed National Wildlife Refuge, Montana Grand Forks, North Dakota Quichapa Lake, Utah Fallon, Nevada

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form approved OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for thii collection ii oitimited to iverege 1 hour per roiponi», including time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimato to any other aspect oi this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project

(07040188| Washington, DC20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave Blank)

2. REPORT DATE

December 1999

3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

Final

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE


6. AUTHOR(S)

Susan K. Skagen Peter B. Sharpe Robert G. Waltermire M. Beth Dillon

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

USGS/BRD Midcontinent Ecological Science Center 4512 McMurry Ave. Fort Collins, CO 80525-3400

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

N/A

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

3302-2020E

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

USGS/BRD/BSR- -2000-0003

10. SPONSORING.MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

N/A

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Major funding for this project was provided by the Prairie Pothole Joint Venture of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan and the U.S. Geological Survey. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions, 2, 3, and 6; the Bureau of Land Management; and the U.S. Forest Service.

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Available from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (1-800-553-6847 or 703-487-4650). Available to registered users from the Defense Technical Information Center, Attn: Help Desk, 8725 Kingman Road, Suite 0944, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6218 (1-800-225-3842 or 703-767-9050).

12B. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

Distribution patterns and temporal occurrence of transcontinental shorebird migrants refueling in interior wetlands of North America were generated from a contributed database of more than 33,000 surveys from 3000 sites. Five general patterns of migration distribution and two chronology patterns are described. During spring migration, long-distance migrants stop to refuel primarily within a narrow band between 90" and 100° W longitude whereas short distance migrants are more widespread in distribution. The information on distribution and timing suggest that some species make northward flights of short to intermediate distances rather than long distances between stopover sites. Preliminary interpretations of spring migration patterns often species of the genus Calidris suggest that wintering distribution, migration distance, and breeding destination in concert appear to determine spring migration distribution. This document can be used to identify areas critical to migrating shorebirds, to assist in decisions on conservation and acquisition efforts, and to provide planners and land managers with a perspective of scale necessary for effective management. Management of dispersed and dynamic wetland habitats for the conservation of en route shorebird migrants is a challenge that requires a broadly integrated approach across many geographic regions.

14. SUBJECT TERMS (Keywords)

shorebirds, migration, midcontinent, wetlands, Calidris, biogeography, spatial distribution, management

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT

Unclassified

18. SECURtTY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

167

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18

Midcontinent Ecological Science Center

Production Staff

Leader, Information ManagementProject Jennifer Shoemaker

Production Assistant Earlene Swann

Desktop Publishing Specialist DoraE. Medellin

NOTE: Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government.

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This responsibility includes fostering the sound use of our lands and water resources; protecting our fish, wildlife, and biological diversity; preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places; and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to ensure that their development is in the best interests of all our people by encouraging stewardship and citizen participation in their care. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities.

USGS science for a changing world

^p Printed on recycled paper

Documents

SÜ*. 1».' :^ - DTIC · Contents (Continued) Page Semipalmated Sandpiper {Calidrispusilla) 84 Western Sandpiper {Calidris mauri) 86 Least Sandpiper {Calidris minutilld) 88 White-rumped