Software Process Modelling€¦ · syntax Informal English ... PML Survey: Process Weaver (now FlowWeb) Cap Gemini (Grenoble) Process model is an extended Petri net Activity modelling

6/28/2005 Software Engineering 1

Software Process Modelling

M. Letizia Jaccheri (NTNU)

Fernando Brito e Abreu (FCT/UNL)

Software Engineering 26/28/2005

OverviewSw Process Modelling Languages (PMLs)

General issuesMeta-ProcessProcess ElementsCharacteristics of languagesRelated domainsArchitectural issuesSurvey of PMLsModelling exampleRUP


General issues: FormalityFormal PML

syntax and semantics

Semi formalsyntax

InformalEnglish: Analysis must finish before design starts. R1

is responsible for Analysis and R2 is responsible for Design. Analysis produces D1 and Design produces D2

AnalysisDesign

R1

R2

D2

D1

Analysis Design

R1

D2D1

R2


General issues:Processes and Models

Modelled world

Real worldProject

Project Manual

Quality Manual

ModelTemplate

is_derived_from

is_instantiated_into


Why do we need process models?Facilitate human understanding and communicationSupport process changeSupport process managementAutomate process guidanceAutomate execution supportCASE tools coordination (process-aware)


Why do we need process models?Enterprise modelling is becoming a common practice, mainly due to ISO9001 certification purposes

It allows detecting, among other things, task inputs/outputs which are not connected Often practitioners “invent” informal flow notations

Terje Totland, Enterprise Modeling as a Means to Support Human Sense-making and Communication in Organizations, IDI, NTNU, PhD thesis 1997


Meta-ProcessElicitation

process as it is versus what it should be

Analysissimulate, verify, check

Designprocess architecture, planning, quality models

Implementationcode in a formal PML

Enactmentautomatic and manual

Assessmentquality and performance


Process Elements

Modelled world

persons

toolrole human

productactivity

Real world

Processtools

projectEvolutionsupport

filestools workspace


Process ElementsActivityProductHuman RoleToolEvolutionProjectsWork context

Tool viewUser ViewCooperationVersioningMetrics


Characteristics of languagesFormalityExpressivenessAbstraction and modularizationExecutabilityAnalysabilityGraphical representation / multiple views


Related domainsProject management

Gantt chart, activity networks (CPM)Formal specification languages

Petri net, CSP, Prolog, etc..Informal design notations

Extended E-R, OMT, UML Programming languages

Ada, Eiffel…


Related domains (2)Data base languages

AdeleCase tools

Spade uses DecFuse ++WorkFlow and Groupware

Role Interaction diagram, groupware ++


Architectural Issues

Process model Processmodelling

tool ProcessmodellerProcess

engine

Processactor

Workspace


PML Survey: Adele

ADELE-DB at LGI in GrenobleHas versioning, own DDL/DML with dynamically bound schema and triggers, nested short transactions, and workspace supportADELE-TEMPO offers object roles (dynamic types) and process interconnectionslater APEL high-level graphical PML


PML Survey: EPOSNTNU (ex-NTH) in TrondheimUniformly versioned EPOSDB Reflexive process models model in SPELL (Prolog)BMS-connected tools


PML Survey: SPADEPolitecnico di MilanoProcess model is a generalised and reflexive Petrinet with tokens denoting OO products, all stored in O2Tool/user communication separately via a BMS (DEC-FUSE).


PML Survey:Process Weaver (now FlowWeb)

Cap Gemini (Grenoble)Process model is an extended Petri netActivity modelling by project clusters, with file workspaces and BMS-connected tools.Set of tools to help organizing and supporting the work of a group of people. Allows to define the methods at company and project level and the work organizationHas project management tool connectivity




PML Survey: Process Wise IntegratorICLRole-activity-interaction paradigm, strong on evolutionRoles represent humans or toolsPML is translated to PS-Algol


PML Survey: SoccaRijksuniversiteit Leidenclass diagram for data perspective, state transition diagram for behaviour, and Paradigm for communicationmain goal: communication and analysis


PML Survey: AlfUniversity of Nancy Loria5 sub-languages

RulesERconstraintscharacteristics (logic)tool description


PML Survey: MerlinUniversity of DortmundProlog ruleslater Escape for modelling


PML Survey: PeaceUniversity of Savoie at AnnecyEnactable knowledge representation languagereflection and reification


PML Survey: IDEF0IDEF (Integrated DEFinition Method) is a popular public domain notation in use for more than 25 years.Commissioned by the United States Air ForceSemi formal notation based on Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT)In December 1993, the Computer Systems Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released IDEFØ as a standard for Function Modelling in FIPS Publication 183.within the frame of FEO (For Exposition Only) Preconditions Actions and Postconditions were added

http://www.idef.com/overviews/idef0.htm


IDEF0 tool: WorkFlow Analyzer Produced by Meta Software Corporation

http://www.metasoftware.com/Mainly used for BPRHas a repository and simulation tool based on IDEF0.IDEF0 is used for process modeling IDEF1X is used for data descriptionWorks in conjunction with WorkFlow Modeler


IDEF0 Tool: WorkFlow Modeler


PML Survey: E3

Politecnico di TorinoObject oriented notation enhanced to facilitate process-modelling activitiesElicitation and analysis, no enactionprocess template (classes and associations)process model instance

Class, attributes, and method signatures Aggregations, associationsObject, set of attribute valuesLinks


subtask

aggregation

association

preorder

use

responsibleoutput

input

PML Survey: E3


Modeling example: Olivetti process

The main phases of the Olivetti design process are market analysis, product design (including the development of prototypes), and production lines design.

The design of a new hardware product consists of a feasibility study and a development phase. The development phase, in turn, encompasses hardware, firmware, and cabinet design and development, along with software development, prototyping, and production of the documentation.


Performance prediction. This activity is centered on the development of a performance model of the hardware to be developed. The performance model is very critical since it is used in all the following phases to evaluate the effectiveness of the design choices taken during the course of the project.Logic function design. The result of this activity is the logical design of the electronic components of the new hardware. It defines the partitioning of the different functions on the PC boards and the corresponding allocation of digital chips and circuits. An important by-product of this activity is the preliminary definition of the bill of material.

Olivetti process (continued)


Simulation. It is centered on the evaluation of the overall product performance and characteristics, based on the different models produced in the previous activities.Production and supplying analysis. This activity aims at defining the needs and requirements related to the mass production of the new product. It is centered on the selection of the specific components to be used (and related suppliers), and also on the analysis and design of specific technical solutions that can reduce the complexity of the production process and increase the reliability and overall quality of the delivered product.



Detailed design of the product. Each component of the new PC is designed using a CAD environment. This includes, for instance, the detailed design of each board, and the definition of the mechanical parameters related to the assembly of the final products (e.g., hole diameters and flange dimensions of the PC box).Board production. The assembly of the initial prototypes of the new hardware requires the availability of a set of pre-production boards and components. The development of these parts is delegated to external specialized companies.



Testing. Each component of the pre-production series undergoes an extensive testing activity. The testing activity is then extended to the assembled prototypes.

The final outcome of the hardware design phase is the release of the documentation and directives for the production line.





Rational Unified Process (RUP)

Rational Approach Objectory Process 3.81995

IBM - Rational Unified Process v2003

2003

Rational Objectory Process 4.01996 OMT approach UML 0.5

OOSE

Rational Unified Process 5.01998

Performance TestingBusiness EngineeringData Engineering

Objectory UI DesignChange & Configuration Management

UML 1.2

Rational Objectory Process 4.11997 Requirements

CollegeSQA ProcessUML 1.0


Analysis Model

Specified by

Deployment Model

Distributed by

Design Model

Realized by

Implementation Model

Implemented by

XOK

XOK

XOK

Test Model

Verified by

Use-Case Model




(When)

Workflow

(What)

(Who) (How)

Documents

Software Process Modelling€¦ · syntax Informal English ... PML Survey: Process Weaver (now FlowWeb) Cap Gemini (Grenoble) Process model is an extended Petri net Activity modelling