Soilless Technology

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Soilless TechnologySoilless Technology


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Traditional Farming


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Modern Agriculture


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Soilless Growing in artificial

substrate in a growing system


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Advantages

Ability to monitor and control water and fertilizer quantities

Optimal moisture in the substrate

Optimal supply of nutrients Ability to disinfect between growing periods


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Advantages

Water recycling

A. Cost-effective

B. nvironment!friendly solution

"cellent solution when soil is not suitable for growing crops

#salinity$ drainage problems$ etc.%

&ield and quality opportunities


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Limitations

'ow root volume

'ow nutrient storage (race elements-important to control

'ow buffering capacity

)ast changes in p*

+alinity ! water quality


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Root Volume

ultivation ,oot one vol. #lm/% Water content #0% Available water #lm/%

Soil 122 32 412

!eat /1 12 4/

Roc"wool 41 52 42


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#utrient Storage

ultivation Available water #lm/% 6 grm/

Soil 412 1/

!eat 4/ 3.7

Roc"wool 42 /.4


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$deal Substrate

*igh water capacity and mobility

+ufficient airwater ratio

'ight weight +table

6ot saline


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!hysical and hemical

!ro%erties

)or efficient utilization of the substrate$ it is

necessary to be familiar with its physical and

chemical properties$ for the optimization of the

irrigation and fertilizer requirements.


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!hysical !ro%erties

Airwater ratio

Water ,etention Curve

Water content

Air capacity

8olume weight


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&ater status

Waterair ratio will be determined mainly by theWaterair ratio will be determined mainly by the

size of the particles. size of the particles.

(hree main parameters should be considered9(hree main parameters should be considered9

Amount of available water #in a givenAmount of available water #in a given

tension%tension%

Water contentWater content Air contentAir content


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Air ' &ater ratio will be

determined mainly by si(e of %articles

)

*

+)

+*

,)

,*-)

-*

.)

. +) ,) .) /) +*) 0+*)

long fiber short fiber

%

fiber sizes

:+* 7 42 /2 72 52 412 ;412

:: 1 2.>1-2.3 2.35-2./ 2./1-2.4 ;2.42


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&ater retention


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hemical %ro%erties

C

p*

:ineral content

"changeable Cation Capacity


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Ty%es of Substrates

+ubstrates can be divided into two main groups9

?norganic substrates

Organic substrates


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$norganic Substrates


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1rganic Substrates


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1rganic Substrates


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1rganic Substrates


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1rganic Substrates


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1rganic Substrates


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1rganic Substrates


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1rganic Substrates


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1rganic Substrates


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ontainers

?n order to maintain an optimal airwater ratio for

the crop$ the system@s drainage capacity is veryimportant for all types of substrates.

(he container height has to be optimized for each

container type and crop.


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ontainers


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ontainers


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ontainers


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ontainers


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ontainers


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ontainers


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ontainers


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ontainers


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ontainers


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ontainer Si(es 2 onfiguration

Water Air Air porosity

= 73 /1

> 7/ -

> 7/ -

74 -

42 72 -

42 72 -

41 31 -

/4 / -

71 1 -

12 2 2

12 12

0 of 8olume

Water status will be also

determined by the containerconfiguration.

(here are differences in waterstatus within the container.

Solid

&ater

Air


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ontainer Si(es 2 onfiguration


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MAR$

:onitor

Analyze

,ecord

?mplement


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MAR$


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1nline Monitoring

C p* Automatically done byController

6O3 C p* :anually ! every wee

Cl

6-6O3

6-6*7

D

/-7 Wees

Ca

:g

/-7 Wees

Erainage


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$rrigation

+tarting with 7-5 applications

(iming of intervals according to drainage percentage - 32-120

+alinity :onitoring

:inerals accumulate easily$ mainly 6a$ Cl$ +O7

asy leaching


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#utrition !rinci%les in

Soilless Media

Eetermine the required nutrient according to the plant@s

development status.

AdFust the nutrition procedure according to the substrate@s

characteristics.

AdFust the concentration of fertilizers according to the

growing season #summer G winter%.

Eetermine the optimal ratio between the various elements.

AdFust the p* level.

Avoid salinity problems


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Absor%tion by Various ro%sAbsorption concentrations for tomato and sweet pepper

expressed in mmol/l. The gures show year-round cropping

of 8 and 6 cases (experiments and nurseries respecti!ely.

3lements Tomato Sweet %e%%er

# .5 42.3

! 4.4 2.>

S 4./ 2.=

4 5.4 7.5

a /./ /./

Mg 2. 2.>


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Guidelines for Soil5grown

Tomatoes during summer and winter

&inter Summer

3 /.4 4.7

4 3.3 /./

a 3.> /.1

Mg /.5 4.=

# =.1 1

S 3.> /.1

! 2.41 2.41


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3lements Ratio 6mmol'l7

9D 4.194 or /94

Ca9:g 794 594

96 4.794 4.>94 D 6O( '?6E

6a 'ow as possible below 31 ppm inputand below target of 422 in slab

Bicarbonate /1-12 ppm producing p* of 1.1-1.>

+O7 52-422 ppm )e9:n 494 /94

Copper 2./-2.23

n not less then 2./H over 4 ppm is to"icity


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%8 level

,educe #or increase% p* to 1.1-5.1 in the irrigation solution.

:aintain the p* during the irrigation period.

Ise acid to correct the p* by titrating the bicarbonate #*CO3-%.

#*CO3-%#*CO3-% #*6O3%#*6O3% */O*/O

CO/CO/

6O36O3


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9#9L Advantage


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9#9L Advantage


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A :etter 3nvironment

Friendly A%%roach

*igher yields per area unit

Accurate supply of water and fertilizers

,euse of irrigation water


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Recycling System

lean

&ater leanwater tan"

;rain&ater

collectiontan"

;rain&ater

collectiontan"

;rain &aterafter


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8a(ards and Safety Guidelines

Root diseases

A disinfection system should be considered for most of the crops.

(he system should be placed under the recycling systems.

3?ceeding #utrients Levels in Recycled :atch

An irrigation water monitoring solution is necessary for monitoring

of chemical properties.

Eaily monitoring #Automatically%$ weely monitoring #:anually%$

and monthly monitoring #'ab%.

,esetting the system accordingly


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Reuse System

M

Eilution

Junction

C connector to

Eilution Junction

lean water

tan"

;rain &ater

collectiontan"

;rain &ater

collectiontan"

Fertili(

er Tan"

Fertili(

er Tan"

Erain

,eservoir

Fertili(

er Tan"

Fertili(

er Tan"

Greenhouse A

Soilless

Greenhouse :

Soil

Reuse System


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3nvironmental Friendly

Solutions Meet 3conomical Feasibility


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$rrigation :alance

WaterKuantity#m3%


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Fertili(er :alance

)ertilizersKuantity#m

3%


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3conomic Study

Recycling System

4/$122 m3Water he " /2 cent L M/$122

44$=12 'i. )ertilizers he " 37 cent L M3$1

(otal water and fertilizer e"penses he L M5$71

ontrol 6&ithout Recycling7

31$222 m3Water he " /2 cent L M=$222

12$122 'i. )ertilizers he " 37 cent L M4=$4=2(otal water and fertilizer e"penses he L M/7$4=2

Potential Saving; $ 24,170 - $ 6,495 = 17,675 /he


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Summary

+oilless technology can offer new opportunities for

Nrowers

+oilless technology means efficient irrigation and

fertigation management$ resulting in increased yield and

improved quality

A friendly environment approach is required to ensure

the profitability of the crops


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Than" @ou for @our Attention Than" @ou for @our Attention

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Soilless Technology