Sol Review Flashcards

8/7/2019 Sol Review Flashcards

1/33

Whichgeographicregionhasbroadlowlandsand

hasmanyexcellentharbors?CoastalPlain

Whichgeographicregionhasolderoded

mountainsandincludesthePiedmont?AppalachianHighlands

Whichgeographicregionhashillswornbyerosion

andlakescarvedbyglaciers?CanadianShield

Whichgeographicregionhasrollingflatlands,

manyrivers,broadrivervalleysandgrassyhills?InteriorLowlands

Whichgeographicregionhasflatlandthat

graduallyincreasesinelevationwestward?GreatPlains

Whichgeographicregionhasruggedmountains,

andcontainstheContinentalDivide?RockyMountains

LocatedintheRockyMountains,thisdetermines

thedirectionalflowofrivers.

ContinentalDivide


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Whichgeographicregionhasareasofvarying

elevationscontainingisolatedmountainranges

andDeathValley?

BasinandRange

Whichgeographicregionhasruggedmountains

alongthePacificcoastandhasfertilevalleys?CoastalRange

Whichoceanservedasahighwayforearly

explorers,linkingEuropeandtheAmericas?AtlanticOcean

Whichoceanwasanearlyexplorationdestination

andlinkedAsiaandtheAmericas?PacificOcean

Whichriverisknownasthegatewaytothewest? OhioRiver

Alongwhichbodiesofwaterdidinlandportcities

growintheMidwest?GreatLakes

Whichtworiverswereusedtotransportfarmand

industrialproducts?

MississippiandMissouriRivers


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Whichriverformstheborderbetween

WashingtonandOregonandwasexploredby

LewisandClark?

ColumbiaRiver

Whichriver,locatedintheSouthwest,was

exploredbytheSpanish?ColoradoRiver

WhichriverformstheborderbetweentheUnited

StatesandMexico?RioGrande

WhichbodyofwaterprovidedtheFrenchand

SpanishwithexplorationroutestoMexico?GulfofMexico

Whichriverformspartofthenortheasternborder

withCanadaandconnectstotheGreatLakesand

AtlanticOcean?

St.LawrenceRiver

Whatsetsthestageforandinfluencedthecourse

ofeventsinUnitedStateshistory?Landformsandwaterfeatures

Abodyof(usuallyfresh)watersurroundedbyland Lake


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Largenaturalstreamofwaterthatrunsthrough

thelandRiver

Smallriverorstreamthatflowsintoalargeriveror

stream;abranchoftheriverTributary

partofaseaoroceanextendingintotheland,

usuallylargerthanabayGulf

partofalargebodyofwaterthatextendsintoa

shoreline,generallysmallerthanagulfBay

landwithsteepsidesthatrisessharply(1,000feet

ormore)fromsurroundingland;generallylarger

andmoreruggedthanahill

Mountain

Arowofconnectedmountains Mountainchain

elevatedlandwithslopingsidesandrounded

summit;generallysmallerthanamountain

Hill


5/33

Landthatisflatorgentlyrollinghills Plain

abroad,flatareaoflandhigherthanthe

surroundinglandPlateau

alandmass(smallerthanacontinent)thatis

surroundedbywaterIsland

bodyoflandjuttingintoalakeorocean,

surroundedonthreesidesbywaterPeninsula

Towhataregeographicfeaturesrelated?

patternsoftrade,locationsofcitiesandtowns,

westwardmovement,agriculturalandfishing

industries


6/33

Whatscienceisconcernedwiththerecoveryof

materialevidenceremainingfromthepast?archaeology

Wherehavearchaeologicaldiscoveriesofearly

Indiansettlementsbeenmade?SoutheasternVirginia

Howdoarchaeologistsstudyhumanbehaviorand

culturesofthepast? Throughtherecoveryandanalysisofartifacts

Whenandhowdidpeoplefirstarriveinthe

WesternHemisphere?

Scientistsarenotinagreementaboutwhenand

howpeoplearrivedintheWesternHemisphere.

WhereisCactusHill? CactusHillislocatedontheNottowayRiverinsoutheasternVirginia.

HowoldisCactusHill?EvidencesuggeststhathumanslivedatCactusHill

asearlyas18,000yearsago.

WhyisCactusHillimportant?Itisoneoftheoldestknownarchaeologicalsitesin

NorthAmerica.


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WhichNativeAmericantribelivedinArcticareas? Inuit

WhichNativeAmericantribelivedinarainy,mild

climate?Kwakiutl

WhichNativeAmericantribelivedneardry

grasslands?Lakota

WhichNativeAmericantribelivedindesertareas

borderedbycliffsandmountains?Pueblo

WhichNativeAmericantribelivedinanareathat

washeavilyforested?Iroquois

WhatdidAmericanIndianseat?Theyfished,huntedandharvestedcrops.What

theyatedependedonwheretheylived.

InwhattypesofsheltersdidAmericanIndians

live?

Thetypeofhousetheylivedindependedonwhat

typesofresourceswereavailable.Houseswere

builtfromanimalskins,wood,stonesandsod.


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WhattypeofclothingdidAmericanIndianswear?

Thetypeofclothingtheyhaddependedonwhat

typesofresourceswereavailable.Clothingwas

madefromplantsandanimalskins.

InwhatkindofhousedidtheInuitlive?

Igloo

InwhatkindofhousedidtheKwakiutllive?

Plankhouse

InwhatkindofhousedidtheLakotalive?

Tepee

InwhatkindofhousedidthePueblolive?

Adobeapartmentbuildings

InwhattypeofhousedidtheIroquoislive?

Longhouse

Thingsthatcomedirectlyfromnature Naturalresources


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Peopleworkingtoproducegoodsandservices Humanresources

Goodsproducedandusedtomakeothergoods

andservicesCapitalresources

Examplesofnaturalresources Fish,wildanimalsandcrops

Examplesofhumanresources Peoplewhofished,madeclothingandhunted

Examplesofcapitalresources Canoes,bowsandspears


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WhydidEuropeancountriesexplore?

God(tospreadChristianity)

Gold(economicreasons)

Ground(toexpandtheirempires)

WhatweretheeconomicreasonsEuropeansexplored?

Theywantedgold,naturalresourcesandtrade.

WhatwerethereligiousreasonsEuropeans

explored?TheywantedtospreadChristianity.

Whatwerethemajorobstaclestoexploration?

Poormapsandnavigationaltools

Diseaseandstarvation Fearoftheunknown Lackofadequatesupplies

Whatweretheaccomplishmentsofexploration?

Exchangeofgoodsandideas Improvednavigationaltoolsandideas Europeancountriesclaimedterritories

FranciscoCoronadoclaimedwhatpartofthe

NorthAmericaforSpain?SouthwestUnitedStates

RobertLaSalleclaimedwhatpartofNorthAmerica

forFrance?TheMississippiRiverValley

SamueldeChamplainestablishedwhatsettlement

forFrance?Quebec


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JohnCabotexploredwhatpartofNorthAmerica

forEngland?EasternCanada

WheredidPortugalexplore? ThecoastofWestAfrica.

HowdidtheSpanishandAmericanIndians

interact?

ConqueredandenslavedAmericanIndians BroughtChristianitytotheNewWorld BroughtEuropeandiseases

HowdidtheFrenchandAmericanIndians

interact?

Establishedtradingposts SpreadChristianity

HowdidtheEnglishandAmericanIndians

interact?

Establishedsettlementsandclaimedownershipofland

LearnedfarmingtechniquesfromAmericanIndians

TradedwiththeAmericanIndians

HowdidtheAmericanIndiansinteractwith

Europeans?

TaughtfarmingtechniquestoEuropeansettlers

Believedthatlandwastobeusedandsharedbutnotowned

HowdidEuropeansandAmericanIndians

cooperatewitheachother?

Trade Crops Europeansbroughttechnology(weapons

andmetalfarmtools)

HowwereEuropeansandAmericanIndiansin

conflictwitheachother?

Land Competitionfortrade Differencesincultures Disease Languagedifferences


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WhatwastheimportanceofGhana,Maliand

Songhai?

Eachempire,oneaftertheother,controlledtrade

inWestAfricafrom300to1600.

WhatnaturalresourcedidtheseWestAfricanempireshave?

Gold

WhatdidPortuguesetradersbringwiththemto

trade?Cloth,metals,andothermanufacturedgoods

WherewereGhana,Mali,andSonghailocated?

Ghana,MaliandSonghaiwerelocatedinthe

westernregionofAfrica,southoftheSahara

Desert,neartheNigerRiver.

HowdidAfricaplayanimportantroleinEuropean

interestinworldresources?

AfricanpeopleandAfricangoodsplayedan

importantroleinEuropeaninterestinworld

resources.


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WhydidEuropeancountriesestablishcoloniesin

NorthAmerica?Forreligiousandeconomicreasons

Whichcolonieswerefoundedforeconomicreasons?

RoanokeIsland Jamestown Georgia

Whichcolonieswerefoundedforreligious

reasons?

Plymouth MassachusettsBay Pennsylvania

WhofoundedJamestown? VirginiaCompany

WhofoundedPlymouth? SeparatistsfromtheChurchofEngland

WhofoundedMassachusettsBay? Puritans

WhofoundedPennsylvania? Quakers

WhywasGeorgiafounded?Tohelppeoplewhohadbeenindebtorsprisonin

England.


14/33

Focusingononeorafewproducts specialization

Twoormorepeopledependingoneachotherforgoodsandservices

interdependence

DescribethegeographyoftheNewEngland

colonies.

AppalachianMountains,BostonHarbor,jagged

coastline,rockysoil,andhillyterrain.

DescribetheclimateoftheNewEnglandcolonies. Coldwinterandmoderatesummers

WhattypeofpeopleworkedinNewEngland

(humanresources)?Skilledcraftsmen,shopkeepers,shipbuilders

InwhatdidNewEnglandspecialize?Fishing,shipbuilding,navalsupplies,metaltools

andequipment

Whattypesofsocialactivitieswereimportantto

thepeopleofNewEngland?Villageandchurch

WhattypesofpeoplelivedinNewEngland? Religiousreformersandseparatists


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HowdidthepeopleofNewEnglandmake

decisions?(Describetheirpoliticalandciviclife)Townmeetings

DescribethegeographyoftheMid-Atlanticregion. AppalachianMountains,coastallowlands,harborsandbays,wideanddeeprivers,richfarmlands

DescribetheclimateoftheMid-Atlanticregion. Moderateclimate

WhattypeofpeopleworkedintheMid-Atlantic

region(humanresources)?Skilledandunskilledworkersandfishermen

InwhatdidtheMid-Atlanticcoloniesspecialize? Livestock,grain,trading

HowdidthepeopleofMid-Atlanticmake

decisions?(Describetheirpoliticalandciviclife)Markettowns

WhatwaslifelikeintheMid-Atlanticregion(social

life)?

Villagesandcities

Variedanddiverselifestyles

Diversereligions

DescribethegeographyoftheSouth.AppalachianMountains,Piedmont,Atlantic

CoastalPlain,goodharbors,rivers


16/33

DescribetheclimateoftheSouth. Warmandhumidclimate

WhattypesofpeopleworkedintheSouth(humanresources)?

EnslavedAfricanAmericans,farmers

InwhatdidtheSouthspecialize?Tobacco,rice,cotton,indigo,forestproducts

(lumber,tar,pitch)

WhatwaslifelikeintheSouth(sociallife)?Plantations,mansions,fewcities,fewschoolsand

theChurchofEngland

HowdidthepeopleofMid-Atlanticmake

decisions?(Describetheirpoliticalandciviclife)Counties

Drawapicturethatshowshowthecolonieswere

interdependent.

Whoreliedonslavelaborandwereeducatedin

somecases?Largelandowners

Whoreliedonfamilymembersforlabor? Farmers


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Whoworkedascraftsmenintownsandon

plantations?Artisans

Whocouldnotvote,andworkedashouseworkers?

Women

Whowerefreeattheendoftheircontract? Indenturedservants

Whowereabletoownland,werenotallowedto

vote,andhadeconomicfreedomandcouldwork

forpayanddecidehowtospendtheirmoney?

FreeAfricanAmericans

HowdidEnglandimposeeconomiccontrolover

thecolonies?Coloniestradedrawmaterialsforgoods

HowdidEnglandimposepoliticalcontroloverthe

colonies?

Coloniallegislaturesmadelawsforeachcolony

andweremonitoredbycolonialgovernors.

Howdidcolonialgovernorsgettheirjob?Theywereappointedbythekingorthecolonial

proprietor(themanwhoownedthecolony).

Whoselawsdidthecolonistshavetoobey?ColonistshadtoobeyBritishlawsthatwere

enforcedbycolonialgovernors.


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WhydidEnglandimposetaxesonthecolonists?TohelppayfortheEnglishtroopsstayinginthe

colonies.

WhatwasthepurposeoftheStampAct? ItwasataxtohelppayfortheFrenchandIndianWar.

WhywerecolonistsunhappywithEngland? ColonistshadnorepresentationinParliament.

Whywerecolonistsunhappywiththe

Proclamationof1763?

ColonistscouldntmovewestoftheAppalachian

Mountains.

Fromwheredidthekeyphilosophiesinthe

DeclarationofIndependencecome?Europeanphilosophers

WhatdidtheDeclarationofIndependencesay

werepeoplesunalienablerights?Life,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.

AccordingtotheDeclarationofIndependence,

whydopeoplecreategovernments?Peoplecreategovernmentstoprotecttheirrights.

Wheredoesgovernmentgetitspower? Governmentgetsitspowerfromthepeople.


19/33

Whatshouldyoudoifthegovernmentstops

protectingyourrights?Createanewgovernment.

WhowastheBritishkingduringtheAmericanRevolution?

KingGeorgeIII

WhyroledidLordCornwallisplayintheAmerican

Revolution?

HesurrenderedtoGeorgeWashingtonat

Yorktown.

Whochampionedthecauseofindependence? JohnAdams

WhowastheCommanderoftheContinental

Army?GeorgeWashington

WhowasthemajorauthoroftheDeclarationof

Independence?ThomasJefferson

ForwhatspeechisPatrickHenrymostfamous? Givemelibertyorgivemedeath!

What3importantrolesdidBenjaminFranklinplay

duringtheAmericanRevolution?

HewasaprominentmemberoftheContinentalCongress.

Hehelpedframe(write)theDeclarationofIndependence.

HehelpedgainFrenchsupportforAmericanindependence


20/33

Whowasaformerslavewhowrotepoemsand

playssupportingAmericanindependence?PhillisWheatley

WhowasthepatriotwhomadeadaringridetowarncolonistsoftheBritisharrival?

PaulRevere

Atwhateventwerecolonistsshotaftertaunting

Britishsoldiers?BostonMassacre

WheredidSamuelAdamsandPaulRevereled

patriotsintothrowingteaintoBostonHarbor?BostonTeaParty

WhathappenedattheFirstContinentalCongress?Delegatesfrom12coloniesmettodiscuss

problemswithEngland.

WhyareLexingtonandConcordfamous? FirstarmedconflictoftheAmericanRevolution.

WhathappenedonJuly4,1776? ColoniessignedtheDeclarationofIndependence.

WhatwastheimportanceoftheBattleof

Saratoga?TurningpointoftheAmericanRevolution.


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WhichbattlemarkedtheendoftheAmerican

Revolution?Yorktown

InwhichdocumentdidEnglandrecognizeAmericanindependence?

TreatyofParis

Whichcountryhelpedthecolonistsdefeatthe

British?France


22/33

WhatwastheArticlesofConfederation? ThefirstgovernmentoftheUnitedStates.

WhatwasthemainproblemwiththeArticlesofConfederation?

Aweaknationalgovernment.

ListtheweaknessesoftheArticlesof

Confederation.

GaveCongressnopowertotax Providedfornocommoncurrency Eachstatehadonevote Noexecutiveorjudicialbranch

Whatsystemdividesthepowerofgovernment

betweenthenationalandstategovernments?Federalsystem.

Whatledtheefforttodraftanewconstitution? WeaknessesintheArticlesofConfederation

WherewastheConstitutionalConventionheld? Philadelphia

Whatweretwomaindebatesduringthe

ConstitutionalConvention?

Howmuchpowerwouldbegiventothenewnationalgovernment

Howsmallstatesandlargestateswouldberepresentedinthenewgovernment

WhatisthejoboftheLegislativeBranch? Makeslaws


23/33

Inwhichhousearestatesrepresentedequallyby2

people?Senate

Inwhichhouseisrepresentationdeterminedbypopulation?

HouseofRepresentatives

Whatcompromisedecidedhowmanyvoteseach

statewouldhaveintheSenateandtheHouseof

Representatives?

GreatCompromise

WhatisthejoboftheJudicialBranch? Decidesiflawsareconstitutional.

WhatisthejoboftheExecutiveBranch? Carriesoutthelaws

Howmanystateshadtovoteinfavor(ratify)the

Constitutionbeforeitcouldbecomelaw?NineofThirteen

Whatarethefirst10amendmentstothe

Constitutioncalled?BillofRights

WhatisthepurposeoftheBillofRights? Writtenguaranteeofindividualrights


24/33

OnwhichtwodocumentsistheBillofRights

based?

VirginiaDeclarationofRights(GeorgeMason)and

VirginiaStatuteforReligiousFreedom(Thomas

Jefferson).

ThomasJeffersonpurchasedtheLouisianaTerritoryfromwhatcountry?

France

Duringwhosepresidencydidatwo-partysystem

emerge?JohnAdams

WhichAfrican-Americanastronomerhelped

completethedesignforWashington,D.C.?BenjaminBanneker

WhatwasaddedtotheConstitutionduring

GeorgeWashingtonspresidency?BillofRights

WhatwaroccurredduringJamesMadisons

presidency?Warof1812

WhathappenedasaresultoftheWarof1812?EuropeancountriesgainedrespectfortheUnited

States

WhatwarnedEuropeancountriesnottointerfere

intheWesternHemisphere?MonroeDoctrine


25/33

WhatdidtheLouisianaPurchasedotothesizeof

theUnitedStates?Doubledit

WheredidLewisandClarkexplore? FromtheMississippiRivertothePacificOcean;includingtheColumbiaRiver

Whichterritorydidweacquireduetoatreatywith

Spain?Florida

Whichterritorywasaddedafteritbecamean

independentrepublic?Texas

WhichterritorywasdividedbetweentheUnited

StatesandGreatBritain?Oregon

WhichterritorywasaddedafterwarwithMexico? Californiaandthesouthwestterritories

Whatfactorsinfluencedwestwardmigration? Geographicandeconomic

Expansionwasforthegoodofthecountryand

therightofthecountry.Whatisthisbelief

called?

ManifestDestiny


26/33

Whatwasoneeconomicreasonpeoplemoved

west?Goldrush

Whatwasonegeographicreasonpeoplemovedwest?

Cheap,fertileland

Apersonwhoisthefirsttothinkoformake

somethinginventor

Apersonwhoorganizesresourcestobringanew

orbettergoodorservicetomarketinhopesof

earningaprofit.

Entrepreneur

Whichinventionincreasedtheneedforslave

labor?Cottongin

Whoinventedthecottongin? EliWhitney

Whichinventionincreasedtheproductivityofthe

Americanfarmer?Mechanicalreaper

Whoinventedthemechanicalreaper? JoAndersonandCyrusMcCormick


27/33

WhichinventionconnectedSouthernplantations

andfarmstoNorthernindustriesandWestern

territories?

Steamboat

Whoimprovedthesteamboat? RobertFulton

Whichinventionprovidedfasterland

transportation?Steamlocomotive

Whobelievedthatslaverywasmorallywrongand

cruelandinhumane?Abolitionists

Namethreeimportantabolitionists.HarrietTubman,WilliamLloydGarrisonand

FrederickDouglass

WhowroteTheLiberator? WilliamLloydGarrison

WhowroteTheNorthStar? FrederickDouglass

Whobelievedthatallmenandwomenwere

createdequal?Supportersofthewomenssuffragemovement


28/33

Whatweretworightswomenweredeprivedof? Therighttovoteandequalopportunityinbusiness

Namethreeimportantmembersofthewomenssuffragemovement.

IsabelSojournerTruth,SusanB.Anthony,andElizabethCadyStanton

FormerenslavedAfricanAmerican,nationally

knownadvocateforequalityandjustice?Isabella(Sojourner)Truth

Anadvocatetogainvotingrightsforwomenand

equalrightsforall?SusanB.Anthony

Playedaleadershiproleinthewomensrights

movement.ElizabethCadyStanton


29/33

Howdidslaverydividethenation?TheNorthwantedslaveryabolished.TheSouth

wantedtokeepit.

WhattypeofsocietywastheNorth? Urban

WhattypeofsocietywastheSouth? Agricultural

HowdidtheNorthmakeitsmoney? Manufacturing

HowdidtheSouthmakeitsmoney? Farmingcashcrops

WhydidtheNorthfavortariffs?Tariffsprotectedworkersandownersfromforeign

competition

WhydidtheSouthopposetariffs?TheSouththoughtEnglandwouldstopbuying

theircotton.

Whobelievedtheyhadthepowertodeclareany

nationallawillegal?Southerners


30/33

WhatdidSouthernersbelievetheabolitionof

slaverywoulddototheireconomy?

Southernersthoughtendingslaverywoulddestroy

theireconomy.

WhichcompromiseallowedMainetoenterasafreestate?

MissouriCompromise

WhichcompromiseallowedCaliforniatoenterasa

freestateandletsouthwestterritoriesdecide

aboutslaveryforthemselves?

Compromiseof1850

Whichcompromisecalledforpopularsovereignty? Kansas-NebraskaAct

WhathappenedasaresultofLincolnselection? Southernstatesseceded.

WhatmarkedthebeginningoftheCivilWar? ShotsfiredatFortSumter

WhatdidLincolnbelieveaboutthenation?Thatitwasonenationthatcouldnotbeseparated

ordivided.

WhatdidSouthernersbelieveaboutthenation?SouthernersbelievedtheyhadjoinedtheUnion

freelyandcouldleaveitfreely.


31/33

Whatwasaborderstate? Aslavestatethatdidnotsecede.

Whatwerethefourborderstates? Delaware,Kentucky,Missouri,andMaryland

NamethreestatesthatsecededfromtheUnion.

Alabama,Arkansas,Florida,Georgia,Louisiana,

Mississippi,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,

Tennessee,TexasandVirginia

NamethreestatesthatstayedintheUnion.

California,Connecticut,Illinois,Indiana,Iowa,

Kansas,Maine,Massachusetts,Minnesota,NewHampshire,NewJersey,Ohio,Oregon,

Pennsylvania,RhodeIsland,Vermont,West

Virginia,Wisconsin,Delaware,Kentucky,Missouri,

andMaryland

WhattwodocumentsdidLincolnwrite?TheEmancipationProclamationandthe

GettysburgAddress

WhowaspresidentoftheConfederateStatesof

America?JeffersonDavis

WhowasthegeneraloftheUnionarmythat

defeatedLee?UlyssesS.Grant

NameaskilledConfederategeneralfromVirginia

whodiedbeforetheendofthewar.ThomasStonewallJackson


32/33

WhowastheleaderoftheArmyofNorthern

Virginia?RobertE.Lee

WhatdidLeedoattheendofthewar? LeeurgedSouthernerstoacceptdefeatandreuniteasAmericans.

WhatwasthefirstmajorbattleoftheCivilWar BattleofManassas(BullRun)

Whatdocumentchangedthefocusofthewarto

freeingslaves?EmancipationProclamation

WhichbattlegavetheNorthcontrolofthe

MississippiRiveranddividedtheSouth?Vicksburg

WhichbattlerepelledLeesinvasionandwasthe

turningpointofthewar?Gettysburg

WheredidLeesurrendertoGrantin1865? AppomattoxCourtHouse

Namethreesouthernportsblockadedbythe

Union.Savannah,Charleston,andNewOrleans


33/33

WhyweretheresomanybattlesnearRichmond

andWashington,D.C.?

Bothsidesstruggledtocapturethecapitalcityof

theenemy.

AtGettysburg,bothsideswerefightingforcontrolofwhat?

Thehighground

Thesepeoplewerelefttorunbusinessesinthe

NorthandfarmsandplantationsintheSouth.WomenduringtheCivilWar

WhatwasamajorkillerduringtheCivilWar? Disease

WhofoundedtheAmericanRedCross? ClaraBarton

Whowasaformerslave,Unionnavalcaptainand

Congressman?RobertSmalls

OnwhichsidedidAfrican-Americansfightduring

thewar?Bothsides

Whowasdiscriminatedagainst,servedin

segregatedunitsandwerepaidlessthanother

soldiers?

African-Americansoldiers

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