Solid State Electronics

Electrical Engineering

Radar, Antennas,

CommunicationsFeedback,Control,Systems

PowerComputers

All of this is made possible through the use of semiconductor devices and circuits!

Solid State Electronics

Electrical Engineering

All of this is made possible through the use of semiconductor devices and circuits!

Feedback,Control,Systems

Communications

Computers

Analog and DigitalSignal Processing

Ultra-Low Power

Solid State Electronics

Made Possible By Semiconductors

Solid State Electronics

Semiconductor Progress

First Transistor Bell Laboratory - 1947 7,000,000 Transistors

Motorola PC 620 - 1997

First Integrated Circuit Texas Instruments - 1958

IBM's POWER6790 million transistors4.7 GHz, 2007

Solid State Electronics

Paradigm Shiftsu Computers

n Main frame desktop laptop netbook

n Musicu 78 rpm record audio tape CD mp3 player

Solid State Electronics

In 1983, ASU was thinking about acquiring a Cray 1S supercomputer.

This supercomputer was rated at 27 MFLOPs (27 million floating point operations per second).

Over the past 60 years, computers have revolutionized our life and led to the information revolution.

Solid State Electronics

Today, your average current laptop is 100X more powerful than that Cray 1S!

Today, the top supercomputer is 500,000,000X more powerful than that Cray 1S; it is the Tianhe-2 (Milky Way) in China with 33.8 PFlops

Solid State Electronics

Data Storage

u 5.25” floppyn ~ 1980, ~ 1MB

u 3.5” floppyn ~ 1987, 1.44 MB

u Zip driven 1994, 100-700 MB

u Compact disk (CD)n ~ 1982, 700 MB

u Digital versatile disk (DVD)

n ~ 1995, 3-5 GBu Blu Ray

n ~ 2003, 25-50 GBu Flash drive

n ~ 2010, up to 64+ GB

Solid State Electronics

mp3 Playersu MPEG Audio Layer 3, standard for audio

compression that makes music files smaller with little or no loss of sound quality.

u Memory: Jon Rubinstein from Apple Computer visited Toshiba/Japan in 2001, he saw a 1.8-inch hard drive; four months earlier, Steve Jobs, told him to check out the possibility of designing a music player

u Algorithm: D. Seitzer/University of Erlangen and K. Brandenburg/ Fraunhofer Institute in Germany developed the mp3 algorithm. Started 1987, US patent 1996; first mp3 player 1999; ipod in 2001

u 3-min song ~ 30 MB; reduced to ~ 3 MB in mp3 format

u 8 GB mp3 player 2500 songs ~ 100 CDsu “mp3” second to “sex” on search engines

Solid State Electronics

Digital Cameras

u 35 mm slides commonly used in the pastu 2000 such slides fit on 2 DVDsu 1 picture in 10 MB camera ~ 2x106 MB u ~ 4000 pictures on 8 GB memory cardu ~ 1 ¢/picture storage costu 35 mm trays of 100 slides each, ~4 ft high

4000 pics!!

1800 pics!!

Solid State Electronics

Transistor Productionu Transistor number/chip has increased from

1 to 109 in 40 years!

100

102

104

106

108

1010

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

ProductSIA Roadmap

Tran

sist

ors/

Chi

p

Year

Encyclopedia

Book

Page

Double/1 Yr

Double/2 Yrs

Double/1.5 Yrs

16 G1 G

64 M4 M

256 K16 K

1 K

Solid State Electronics

Personal Systems Scaling

System size for equivalent functionality is reduced by half every 5-7 years

Source: Texas Instruments1

10

100

Syst

em S

ize,

L+W

+H

(inch

es)

Time

Ultra LowPower

5-7 Yrs

Low Power

Notebook

Desktop

Phone

PDA

Credit Card

Watch

Ring

Solid State Electronics

Semiconductor Progress in Perspectiveu Semiconductor progress in device size, circuit speed,

power consumption, memory storage capability, and cost has been enormous since 1960

u How a model 1970 automobile would perform, had it improved at the same rate as integrated circuits

1970 1995Speed (mph)Power (mpg)Cost (1995 $)Mass (kg)Luggage (ft3)

10020

20,0001,500

20

2,500,0001,750,000

400.06

80,000

Solid State Electronics

Solid State Electronicsu Electronic systems are driven by

semiconductor chipsu These chips perform analog and digital

circuit functionsu Semiconductor chips contain

semiconductor devicesu Semiconductor devices have to be

n Designed, fabricated, measured, modeled, marketed, and sold

u Need to know:n Device physicsn Circuit designn Fabrication techniquesn Modelingn Measurements

Solid State Electronics

Semiconductor IndustryWhat do engineers in the semiconductor industry do?

u Circuit designn Design and lay out circuits to be manufactured

u Simulation/modelingn Simulate semiconductor device, circuit, and systems behavior

(simulation is faster and cheaper than manufacturing)u Fabrication

n Fabricate these circuits, maintain yieldu Measurement/characterization

n Characterize the performance of the devices/circuits/chips u Sales/marketing

n Sell and market devices, chips, systems, equipment, services

Solid State Electronics

Courses

u EEE 434 - Quantum Mechanics for Engineersn Basic physics describing the behavior of electrons and

atomsu EEE 435 - Microelectronics

n Fabrication of semiconductor devices/circuits. Important!u EEE 436 - Fundamentals of Solid State Devices

n Introduces the physics of the most common semiconductor devices, i.e., how do these device work. Important!

u EEE 437 – Optoelectronicsn Light emitting/detecting devices (lasers, photodetectors, etc.)

u EEE 439 - Semicond. Facilities/Cleanroom Practicesn Facilities/cleanrooms to make semiconductors

Solid State Electronics

Dave Allee

Hugh Barnaby

Mariana Bertoni

Srabanti Chowdhury

Jennifer Blain Christen

Yu Cao

Solid State Electronics

Junseok Chae

David Ferry

Gennady Gildenblat

Stephen Goodnick

Michael Goryll

Zachary Holman

Solid State Electronics

Christiana Honsberg

Michael Kozicki

Ying-Cheng Lai

Cun-Zheng Ning

Stephen Phillips

Marco Saraniti

Solid State Electronics

Brian Skromme

Meng Tao

Nongjian Tao

Trevor Thornton

Dragica Vasileska

Hongbin Yu

Solid State Electronics

Yong-Hang Zhang Yuji Zhao

Solid State Electronics

Job Opportunities

u Chip Manufacturersn Freescale, Intel, IBM,

Texas Instruments, National Semiconductor, ST Semiconductors, Global Foundries, Microchip, Micron ....

u Equipment Manufacturersn Applied Materials, KLA/Tencor,

Chemical Cos., Digital Instruments, Lam, Agilent, Keithley ….

u Servicesn Companies producing simulation software, other services

0

50

100

150

200250

300

1980 1990 2000 2010

Worldwide Semiconductor Sales

Bill

ion

Dol

lars

Year

Solid State Electronics

Graduate Schoolu BS

n Entry-level degreen For technical work you’ll be at the lower end of the range of

engineersn For less technical work, good

u MSn Good degreen Valued by industryn More advanced knowledge, but not overly specializedn Most useful degree for most cases

u Ph.D.n Specializedn Good for those interested in more advanced, more interesting workn Necessary for academic or R&D careers

Solid State Electronics

Advanced Degree Necessary?

u How is salary related to degree?

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000Median Annual Income

Dol

lars

Hig

h Sc

hool

Som

e C

olle

ge

Ass

ocia

te D

egr.

BS M

S

Ph.D

.01

234

56

Lifetime Income

Mill

ion

Dol

lars

Hig

h Sc

hool

Som

e C

olle

ge

Ass

ocia

te D

egr.

BS M

S

Ph.D

.

Source: Arizona Republic, Oct. 20, 2004

Solid State Electronics

Satisfying Aspects of Job

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

TravelCompensation

Product/process developmentPeople I work with

Doing what I'm good atSolving challenging problems

Variety of workAbility to work independently

Respondents %

Source: R&D Magazine, 2007