SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (TKA 4201) LECTURE NOTES 5

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

TKA 4201 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

LECTURE BY: NAZAITULSHILA RASIT

Eng. Science Dept, Faculty Science & Technology

CHAPTER 5On-Site Handling, Storage and Processing

Activities associated with managing solid wastes until they are placed in the containers used for their storage before collection or return to recycling centers.Depending on:

The types of waste materials that are separated for reuse and recycling. The type of collection service.





1. Residential area:The solid waste remaining after the recyclable material have been separated and placed in a special container or plastic bag. The residents are responsible for placing the solid waste around their dwellings/house in storage container.





1. Residential area:No standardization of the size of storage containers.The homeowner are responsible for placing the storage container at curb for collection.The recyclable material collected stored within their home and periodically transfer to the recycling centre.









2. High-rise apartments:Pick up by building maintenance personnel and taken to the basement service area .Taken to the basement service area by tenants.Bagged and placed by the tenants by specially designed chutes with openings located at each floor.









Collected in large containers mounted on rollers.Once filled, this container are removed by elevator and emptied into:

1. Large storage containers.2. Compactors used in

conjunction with the storage container.

3. Stationary compactors that can compress the material into bales or into specially designed containers.

4. Others (i.e., incinerator).









Depends on the:1.Characteristics of the solid wastes to be collected;2.The collection frequency;3.The space available for the placement of

containers.Must be standardized to suit collection equipment.





In front or rear of houseAlleysSpecial enclosures (apartment/condos)





Relates to on-time collection to avoid the spread of diseases by vectors, etc.

Must be pleasing to the eye (containers must be clean, shielded from public’s view).









To recover usable materials from solid wastes.To alter the physical form.To reduce the volume.





Residential5.3.1 Grinding of food wasteIn the past 20 years, the use of kitchen

food waste grinders has gained such wide acceptance.

Used primarily for wastes from the preparation, cooking and serving of foods.

Functionally, grinders render the material transport through sewer system.

This situation has resulted in overloading many treatment facilities.Many countries has forbid this types of processing techniques.





5.3.2 Separation of wasteAs noted earlier, the separation of solid waste

components at the source of generation is one of then most cost effective ways to achieve the recovery and reuse of materials.

5.3.3 Compaction Can be divided into 2 types:

1. Small home and apartment compaction units2. Large compactors used to compact wastes from a

large number a apartments.





5.3.4 CompostingRecycling organic materials.Effective way of reducing the volume and altering the physical

composition of solid waste while at the same time producing a useful by product.

A variety of methods are used, depending on the amount of space available and the wastes to be composted.

What you can composed?Grass Cuttings Hedge Cuttings Vegetable Peelings Tea Bags • Coffee Grounds

• Ripped Cardboard & Paper • Fruit Cuttings





5.3.4 CompostingWhat you cannot composedMeat, Fish or Cheese Coal ash Cooked Left Overs Metals, Glass or Plastic Nappies





5.3.4 CompostingHow to Compost

1. Locate your composter on bare soil. Somewhere in your garden that is easily accessible all year round.

2. You should mix your Green and Brown materials evenly when composting. Greens are soft, wet materials like grass cuttings, vegetables and fruit scraps. Browns are harder, dryer materials like hedge trimmings and strips of cardboard.






3. When composting you should put a lot of materials in all at once. Chop large items into smaller pieces to help with the process. Try to ensure that your compost is moist but not wet – when squeezed in your hand, a few drops of water should be produced. Add water if it is too dry; cover and add dry material if too wet.






4.If you wish, add compost accelerator to help speed up the composting process.

5.Keep adding materials, remembering to agitate the contents every couple of weeks throughout spring and summer to keep air flowing through.





5.3.4 CompostingHow to Compost 6. Your compost is ready

when it is dark in colour and smells like earth. This can take from 6 to 18 months depending on the materials used and the time of the year.





Commercial and industrial facilities5.3.5 Compaction Baling of waste cardboard.Reprocessed for the production of packing

materials.





Commercial and industrial facilities5.3.6 Shredding and Hydropulping Shredding – destroy sensitive documents

that are no longer of value.





Commercial and industrial facilities5.3.6 Shredding and Hydropulping Hydro pulping - is the process that paper mills

use to reclaim the fiber from scrap-recovered paper.

Expensive and involve discharge to the local wastewater collection system.





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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (TKA 4201) LECTURE NOTES 5