Solvang – Green shipping

The group’s business activities and fleet

Ethylene Carriers

− 9 vessels – one 12k cbm, four 17k cbm, four 21k cbm

Large Gas Carriers (LGC)

− 9 LGC and 1 MGC

Very Large Gas Carriers (VLGC)

− 8 VLGC – 1 under construction

Solvang’s operations are organized around three types of carriers

Revenue split by segment (2013-2018)

27%

41%

32%

Ethylene LGC VLGC

World wide operation

11. mars 2021 5

Air-emission controls SOx-NOx

IMO GHG

What is green shipping ?

• Off-shore

• Short sea

• Deep Sea

Totally different operation, requirement and solutions.

11. mars 2021 7

Solvangs definition of green shipping

• Green shipping is constantly evolving greener, due to more efficient hulls, lower speed on main engines, higher fuel-efficiency, heat recovery, propeller technology, anti-fouling, improved operations procedures and a series of other innovations that our engineers continuously seek out. Vessels performance monitoring, is a critical tool when assessing the efficiency of our innovations.

Fuel problem ???

Off coerce not• Environmental foot print are given from interaction between

fuel and engine technology

• Engine type / working principle (diesel/otto/dual fuel)• Operation and load profile • Maintenance (Very important)• After treatment of exhaust and/or other discharges.

Green vessel operation• Green design ~ fuel efficient design

• Engine technology, typ of fuel, exhaust after threatment• Fuel efficient auxilary equipment. • Hull lines• Cargo capacity• +++++++++

• Best praxcis operation• Maintenance of equipment• Running of equipment• Optimal trim• Route planning• Planning of Cargo/ballast operations.• ++++++++

• How do we know the vessel performance ?

Vessel Performance monitoring since 2008 (in-house system)

March 11, 2021 11

Registered daily:-Load condition-Sailed distance-Running hrs-Lube and bunker cons.-etc..

Summary per YEAR

March 11, 2021 12

Vessel operation-Bench marking of vessel performance

• Focus on continous improvement • Monthly focus area (Living the vision program)

• Monthly fleed feed back report

• Monthly News letter

• Environmental training booklet

• ++++++++

Quality & HSE performanceThe monthly focus areas selected in 2020 for the onboard safety meetings, followed up and closed by the monthly newsletter, monthly Fleet Feedback report, and annual Management report.

Monthly fleet feed back

11. mars 2021 16

New buildings ---Typical energy balance

Typical energy balance for a ship of 20 000 dwt and 15 knots

BUNKER

100

EXHUST

27

HEAT

30

SHAFT

43

PROPULSION

28

GEAR 2

PROPELLER

13

HULL

FRICTION18

WAVE GENERATION 9 WIND 1

COOLING

WATER 25

RA

DIA

TIO

N 2

LU

BE

OIL

4

AXIAL LOSS 6

ROTATIONAL LOSS 4

FRICTIONAL LOSS 3

Newbuildings 2013-2019• Mewis duct/integrated rudder

• Hull lines and cargo capacity

• Hybrid scrubber

• LP-EGR

• SCR

• Heat recovery on auxilary engines

• Antifouling

• Ship Performance system

• Cargo system

• Frequency converters

• Model test for optimum trim

• Vessel performance monitoring DSS

• System for optimisation of operation (Tekomar Engines/Oprim Cargo handling)

• +++++++

• Shore power/battery ????

Exhaust gas cleaning

11. mars 2021 18

Sea water FGD ==Sea water Scrubber

How does the scrubber work?

Exhaust gas cleaning an important tool to make shipping greener

• Important to see the difference• Open loop

• Open loop with water cleaning

• Hybrid

• Closed loop

Chemical Reaction

Scrubber Reactions for SOx:

SOx reacts with the seawater in the scrubber and forms Sulphuric Acid.

It further utilizes the natural alkalinity in the seawater as follows:

CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate) + H2SO3 (Sulphuric Acid) → CaSO3 + H2O + CO2

2CaSO3 + O2→ 2CaSO4 (Calcium Sulphate)

Calcium Sulphate already exists in seawater at a ratio of 2700 ppm

Compounds like bicarbonates (HCO3-) and carbonates (CO3

2-) neutralise acidic compounds and help to buffer the pH.

Alkalinity, not salinity is the measure of the buffer capacity of a solution.

Sea water (Wikipeda)

Copper, nickel, vanadium, iron+++

11. mars 2021 24

Propulsion efficiency

• Mewis duct• The Mewis duct harmonise and stabilise the flow distribution by generating a pre-swirl in

front of propeller which again reduce the rotational losses in the propeller system.

• Fuel savings 3,5-6 % 1,4-2,8 tons pr day.

Result from trim optimization tests-loaded

11. mars 2021 25

The Royal Institute of Naval Architects

11. mars 2021 26

Clipper Quito - New Hull Lines, heat recovery, Antifouling++++++

11. mars 2021 27

New requirements NOx TIR III

11. mars 2021 28

• Two main techniques available on marked• HP-EGR

• Use caustic soda

• SCR use urea• HP (HFO)

• LP (MGO)

• Both techniques add operational costs and GHG emissions.

Solvang EGC+ LP-EGR project• Contract with retrofit of EGC on Clipper Harald

end of 2013, Starts discussion with MAN, Wartsila

• Clipper Harald (IAPP 12-12-2014)

• Installation of LP-EGR system Q2 2015 +

• Modification Q4 2017

EGC+LP-EGR project

• 2017 After 2 years of testing on Clipper Harald • Further discussion with MAN, Wartsila, ABB, Flebu, Insep, HMD and HHI

• Solvang decided to order:

• 4 x 21 K Ethylene Carries With Solvang LP-EGR.

• 1x 80 K LPG carrier with Solvang LP-EGR.

• Delivery 2019 Q1-Q4• Clipper Eos, Enyo, Eirene and Eris+ Clipper Wilma

Solvang LP-EGR: Engine group Solvang-6S50ME-C-EGR-2019-01

11. mars 2021 31

Onboard tuning and verificationfor new engine family 4x21K E ClassLP-EGR Sea Trial January 2019; Engine group Solvang-6S50ME-C-EGR-2019-01

Cylinder pressure measurement During test

Part of team; Solvang, DNVGL; MAN and wartisila

Starting the LP-EGR system

Sertificates of new engine group:

Four generasjons of Ethylene carriers

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

12,000 cbm (1978) 12,600 cbm (1999) 17,000 cbm (2008) 21,000 cbm (2019)

FO cons NOX PM SOX

New-building with EGC+LP EGR TIR III

NOX TIR I

Clipper Wilma Standard Tir II, TIR II ECO EGR and TIR III

120,00

130,00

140,00

150,00

160,00

170,00

180,00

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

100,00

110,00

120,00

TIR II Tir II eco TIR III

[g/k

Wh

]

[Sh

are

NO

X]

Chart Title

Nox sfoc

HFO+Scrubber+LP-EGR versus dual fuel lean burn LNG; Tir III operation

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

CO THC CH4 NMHC CO2+CH4

Clipper Wilma TIR III Clipper Eos Tier3 Dual-fuel LNG Tier3

Solvang ECO Gas carriers

• Solvang started to work with LPG carrier for the future in 2010

• Type of fuel

• Design criterias

• Lowest possible fuel consumption and exhaust gas emmisions.

• Low opex

• 2011 ordering of Clipper Quito/Clipper Posh

• Clipper Quito awarded as the first ECO LPG carrier in 2013.

• Clipper Quito first vessel in the world equipped with full scale Exhaust Gas cleaning and full term IAPP certificate with EGC

• Clipper Harald uppgrade Retrofit 2014-2015 + LP-EGR prototype

• Clipper Jupiter, Clipper Saturn and Clipper Venus 2015 (scrubber)

• 4 x 21 K Ethylene carriers. 2019 Hybrid scrubber + LP-EGR

• 1 x 80 K VLGC 2019 Hybrid scrubber + LP-EGR

• 4 x VLGC retrofit scrubber 2019 (P66 Clipper Vanguard + Clipper Freeport +)

Solvang ECO-Gas carriers (vote for us)

www.solvangship.no