Some patterns and their use in the chess ontologydaselab.cs.wright.edu/pub2/2017-05-ESWC-Tutorial-Hitzler-Part-2.pdfPeople understanding possible target use cases. ... Half-move …

May 2017 – ESWC 2017, Portoroz, Slovenia – Pascal Hitzler

Pascal HitzlerData Semantics Laboratory (DaSe Lab)

Data Science and Security Cluster (DSSC) Wright State University

http://www.pascal-hitzler.de

Some patterns and their use in the chess ontology

May 2017 – ESWC 2017, Portoroz, Slovenia – Pascal Hitzler 2

Worked Example: Chess

• Establish a searchable repository for chess data.

• Starting point are PGN files.• Should be extendable with other information from

– Chess websites– Wikipedia– Geographic data– News– Etc.

• Use an ontology for information integration.


GeoVoCamps modeling approach

• Collaborative modeling, group ideally has– More than one domain experts.– People familiar with the base data.– People understanding possible target use cases.– An ontology engineer familiar with the modeling approach.– Somebody who understands formal semantics of OWL.

• Domain experts are queried as to the main notions for the application domain. – E.g. for chess, these would include

• Chess game; move; opening; tournament; players; commentary



• From available data and from application use cases, devisecompetency questions, i.e. questions which should be convertible into queries, which in turn should be answerable using the data.

1. Who played against Kasparov in the round 1994 Lineares tournament? Did (s)he play as a white or black player?

2. What is the first move taken by the black player in the Sicilian Defense opening?3. Find all games in which Bobby Fischer, playing black, lost in the poisoned pawn

variation of the Sicilian Defence opening.4. Are there any recorded games using the Grünfeld Defence from before the 20th

century?5. What did Kasparov say about his opponent’s first two moves in his commentary

about his game against Topalov in the 1999 Tournament in Wijk ann Zee?6. Who was the first non-Russian world champion after Fischer?7. Did Bobby Fischer ever play against a grandmaster in Germany?8. List all world championship games won by forfeit.



• Then prioritize which notions to model first. In the chess case, e.g.

chess gamemove/half-moveplayersopeningtournamentscommentary



• Understand the nature of the things you are modeling.

Chess game ... An EventHalf-move … A Subevent of a chess gamePlayer … The Role of an AgentOpening … this is probably complextournaments … Eventscommentary … this is again more complex


Player as AgentRole


ChessGame as Event


Half-moves


Opening, game result, etc.

We call these “stubs”.

I.e. we’re aware that more fine-grained modeling will be needed for some use cases.

But currently there’s no reason to do it (not in use case, no data), so we only provide “hooks” for future development of the ontology.


Putting things together


Adding commentaries


Adequacy check

• Triplify sample data using the ontology.Does it work?

• Check if competency questions can be answered.

• Add axioms as appropriate (the graph is only for intuition, the OWL axioms are the actual ontology).

• (there are more post-hoc details to be taken care of, but let’s leave it at that)


Axioms

Axioms in this case are mostly straightforward:

• Inherited from Event or AgentRole• Scoped domain/range restrictions, possibly with some

cardinalities• Basic existentials• Non-cyclicity of half-move sequence

What about adding, e.g., the following?

If one of the roles of axiomatization is to improve human understanding of the ontology, then such axioms are helpful!


Shortcuts and Views



Shortcuts


Translating the rules

However note that the introduction of additional role chains may cause violations of regularity restrictions.


ROWLTab

Modeling OWL with Rules (ROWLTab)• Protégé Plug-In• Md. Kamruzzaman Sarker, David Carral, Adila A. Krisnadhi, Pascal Hitzler, Modeling OWL with Rules:

The ROWL Protege Plugin. Proceedings Posters and Demos Track at ISWC 2016.• Md Kamruzzaman Sarker, Adila A. Krisnadhi, David Carral, Pascal Hitzler, Rule-based OWL Modeling

with ROWLTab Protege Plugin. In: Proceedings ESWC 2017.

• Enter rules using interface very similar to SWRLTab.• But rules are converted into OWL axioms (whenever possible)

instead of DL-safe rules.

E.g., becomesand thus carries the correct semantics. http://dase.cs.wright.edu/content/modeling-owl-rules

We evaluated that ROWL leads to quicker modeling with fewer errors.

http://dase.cs.wright.edu/content/rowlAnd see full paper here at ESWC2017

http://dase.cs.wright.edu/content/modeling-owl-rules

http://dase.cs.wright.edu/content/rowl



Simplified View


Mapping from Views

We used rules (axioms) toexpress the mapping from theontology to the view.

The reverse direction ismuch more tricky.


Mapping from views

Existential rules may be suitable in principle.

However automated reasoning with the potentially rather complex rule heads requires investigations, in particular if it is to be integrated with ontology reasoning.

A specific case are right-hand-side role chains:


Thanks!


References

Pascal Hitzler, Aldo Gangemi, Krzysztof Janowicz, Adila Krisnathi, Valentina Presutti (eds.), Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications. Studies on the Semantic Web. IOS Press/AKA Verlag, 2016/2017.

Hitzler, Krötzsch, Rudolph, Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies, CRC/Chapman & Hall, 2010

Adila Krisnadhi, Ontology Pattern-Based Data Integration. Dissertation, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Wright State University, 2015.


References

Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel, Adila A. Krisnadhi, Pascal Hitzler, Michelle Cheatham, Nazifa Karima, Reihaneh Amini, Pattern-Based Linked Data Publication: The Linked Chess Dataset Case. In: Olaf Hartig, Juan Sequeda, Aidan Hogan (eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Consuming Linked Data co-located with 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2105), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, US, October 12th, 2015. CEUR Workshop Proceedings 1426, CEUR-WS.org, 2015.

Adila A. Krisnadhi, Pascal Hitzler, A Core Pattern for Events. In: Proceedings WOP 2016 at ISWC 2016.

Adila A. Krisnadhi, Pascal Hitzler, The Stub Metapattern. In: Proceedings WOP 2016 at ISWC 2016.


References

Adila Krisnadhi, Pascal Hitzler, Modeling With Ontology Design Patterns: Chess Games As a Worked Example. In: Pascal Hitzler, Aldo Gangemi, Krzysztof Janowicz, Adila Krisnathi, Valentina Presutti (eds.), Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications. Studies on the Semantic Web. IOS Press/AKA Verlag, 2016/2017.

Adila Krisnadhi, Nazifa Karima, Pascal Hitzler, Reihaneh Amini, Victor Rodriguez-Doncel, Krzysztof Janowicz, Ontology Design Patterns for Linked Data Publishing. In: Pascal Hitzler, Aldo Gangemi, Krzysztof Janowicz, Adila Krisnathi, Valentina Presutti(eds.), Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications. Studies on the Semantic Web. IOS Press/AKA Verlag, 2016/2017.

Documents

Some patterns and their use in the chess ontologydaselab.cs.wright.edu/pub2/2017-05-ESWC-Tutorial-Hitzler-Part-2.pdfPeople understanding possible target use cases. ... Half-move …