Some Solifiigae ill the collc ion of t tie Brit,i,.;h Miiseiun (N;Lt.lu.nl History).

BY It. F. LAWRENCE,

Natal Mtiseuni, I'iftct.mc~i,it.h'to,~. Sor4tlt A ft*icn.

[Coinmuiiicntod by E. BRowNING.-Received 15th Jminary 1 !)53.]

(With 7 figures in the text.)

CONTENTS. Pago

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Solifugae in the co tlhe British Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

INTRODUCTION.

In March 1952: the authorities of the British Museum (Natural History) entrusted to me a consignment of seventy-three specimens of unidentified Solifugae and the following paper represents a report on the determination of this mat>erial. Fifty-seven specimens, taken by various collectors from localities in East and North Africa, the near East and India, are divided among the Old World families R,hagot-litlae, Karsohiitlae, Ceromidae, Daesiidne, Solpugitlae and Galeotlidae, while sixteen specimens collected by members of the Lake Titicaca Expedition to Peru in 1936 all belong to a single Nebv World family, Ammot#rechitlae.

The types of new forms are deposited in the British Museum (Natiiral History).

SOLIPTTGAE I N THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSETM. Family Rhagodidae.

Genus RHACOCURTA Roewer. Rhagodoortu xorab (Birula).

18, near Ahwaz, South Iran, iv. 1937, collected by S. V. P. Pill (B.M.

18, Jidda, Arabia, 1. v. l!J34, collected by H. St. ,T. B. Philhy (B.M.

1 d, Tal Afar area, west of Mosul, Iraq, 25. ix. 1934, Field Mnsenm of

1'356.10.30.1).

1968.10.30.4).

Natmal History (B.M. 1956.1O.3O.3).

Genus RHACODELLA Roewer. Rhagodella, mr1a:nopyyn. (Walter).

1 9, Ghazni, Afghanistan, vii. 1939, collected by .J. I,. Clx~worth Musters (B.M.lU4~.11.1:~.1).

Family Karschiidae. Genus KARSCHIA Walter.

Kawchia n u b i g e m sp. 11. (Figs. 1 A, B.) Type. 18, Mount Everest, Mount Everest Expedition, 1936, collected by

N. Humphreys (B.M. 1950.3.16.99). Colour. The specimen is rather faded, the general colour being yellow to

yellow-brown : part's of the palpi and fourth legs, especially the femora: harkened.

111' R. F'. IAWRENOE

/hntit iori <b\ i i i fig. 1 I4 S(WI f'i,oni thc outer. sitlv ; veiitrid jaw with i t amall, shallow, spooii-shaped excavation on its dorsal margin just anterior to the first tooth : dorsal ja* rather deep, a small denticle hetween the two large anterior teeth ; ten teeth in the outer series, inner series with none.

Fig. l . -L<o/ d i l u nubirlc~~cc sp. 1 1 . ;. A, do13al law scoii fiorn iiii1F.r sido . 8, do~sal mid voiitial J ~ W - froin outer nidr, the spiiiatloii omitted.

Flngrllum as in fig. 1 A seen from the inner side, without cilia, describing almost ta o complete spirals, tapering regularly to its apex which is bent side- ways arid drawn out into a point ; helow the basal insertion large numbers of feathered bristles, two of these being of outstanding length and thickness. projecting forwards and bent more upwards than the others, which in general are directed downwards , these bristles not shown in fig. 1 A

Ocular tiihercle with four fairly long, almost equal-sized, stout spines projecting forwards between the eyes, a group of three just behind and laterally to the tubercle, a long spine at each antero-lateral angle of the head- plate and a group of six long spines on each side of the head-plate. Chelicerae dorsally with a number of very long, stout spines as in fig. 1 A, those on the outer and inner surfaces somewhat smaller, moat of the dorsal ones with slightly truncated apices. Sternite V with a regular row of about seventeen ctenidia of the t,ype illustrated by Roewer for K . persicn (1934, fig. 2Zd, p. 294), thoae of

Spinatinn.

SOLTFUGAE IN THE BRITISH MVSEITM ( N ~ T . HIST.) 113

the preceding sternite similar but more sharply pointed. far more numeroiis antl not arranged in a single row. Pedipalp tarsus belou J\ ith five large and three smaller spines, not arranged in pairs ; metatarsus below with six to eight, short, stout spines in its apical third, without or with onlv a fen- inilistinct papillite. and no swelling a t its apex as in K . pewicn.

Dimensions. Total length 19.5 mm. - The species resembles tibetana Hirst in the general shape of the flagellum. the position and shape of the two enlarged flagellar spines (+,L(LP , f i n g ~ / / i ) , t ht. spination of the pedipalp and the body size. It differs in the tlet~iletl shltpr of the flagellum and in its being unciliated.

Unfortunately, the altitude a t which the specimen was taken is not recordetl, the greatest altitude a t which Solifugae have been captured in the Old Worltl is given by Birula (1893) as 3,000 metres. This limit may v el1 have been exceetletl by the present specimen.

C

Fig. ?.--Ceromn iim-jopircthn sp. n. $. A, clielicera seen from i i m w side : 13, nntrr iov portioir of wine from oiitw sitk. ; ( I , apes of flagellum, ciilargril.

Family Ceromidae. Genus CEROMA Karsch.

( I c ~ . o n z ~ macrognatha sp. 11. (Fig. 2,443.) l ' y p p . 1 3. \\--st of Mbeya Mountzin, Tanganyika, at 4,730 ft. altitutle, Lake

Ruka-a Expedition. 11. iii. 1938, collected by V. E. Fuchs (B.M. 1950.3.14.67). ('olour. Head-plate reticulated blackish purple. less so posteriorly antl

in the middle, its posterior margin defined by a narrow, blackish line; chelic~ei~ac irith two Iiarrow, dark, parallel stripes above, a third less clearly tlefined s t r i p on the outer surface ; dorsal surfaces of palpi a i d legs reticulated broM n except at their bases, which are yellow ; dorsal surface of abdomen with three n a i ~ o \ \ ,

PROC. ZOOL. SOC. LOND.-VOL. 124. S

114 R. B. LAWREXCE

longitudinal, blackish purple stripes composed of a spot on each tergite, the middle stripe more complete than the lateral ones ; ventral surface of abdomen mid appendages yellow, without markings, only the palpi with some irregular brown mottling, less pronounced than that of the dorsal surface.

Dentitaon as in fig. 2 B seen from outer side, fig. 2 A, from inner side ; dorsal jaw with two large subequal teeth followed by a group of three small ones set close together, the middle smaller than the others ; inner series consisting of two Iarge subequal teeth. Lower law massive and comparatively short in propor- tion to its depth.

Flagellum as in fig. 2 A seen from inner side, describing two distinct bends, a t the highest point of the first bend some microscopic teeth on the dorsal edge ; apex as in figs. 2 8, 2 C, drawn out into a fine filament and curved round upon itself, seen from above, flagellum with two sinuous bends, its apex reaching a point h a h a y betx e m the ocular tubercle and middle of the head-plate.

Outer surface of dorsal jaw without conical tooth-like spines at the base of‘ the fang as in ornatum, langi and other species ; inner surface with a row of five. very stout, smooth, basally expanded spines (fig. 2 A) as in sirnilis Roener, situated in the same position, posterior to the rotatory centre of the flagellum. Behind these an oblique row of thirteen much more slender spines.

Dimensions. Total length 16 mm. The species resembles langi Hewitt (1!135, p. 477, fig. 1) in the massive and

comparatively short, ventral jaw and in the peculiar teeth of this jaw. The flagellum also resembles that of Hewitt’s species in its general form and the details of the apex, but appears to be somewhat longer and much more sinuous. It also lacks the two shorter spines situated above the rotatory centre of the flagellurn seen in Hewitt’s illustration, all comparable spines in the present species being very wide basally, narrowing rather suddenly in the middle and then tapering to a slender point. It also resembles, but to a less extent, Roewer’s sirnilis (1941, p. 117, Taf. 13, Abb. 128-130) from the Massai Steppes of East Africa, differing from it in the detailed structure of the flagellum and the more massive lower jaw.

Family Daesiidae. Genus BITON Karsch.

Spination.

Biton phi26yi sp. n. (Fig. 3 A, B.) Type. 1 8, ‘Faif, Arabia, 10. viii. 1934, collected by H. St. J .R . Philby, No, 568

(B .M. 1 952.10.3 1 .l) . Colour. Head-plate blackish brown except in the middle, posteriorly and

a t the sides, which are yellow to yellow-brown ; chelicerae above with two faint brown longitudinal stripes ; palpi brown except bases of femora which are yellow ; leg I V blackish brown basally, less YO on the distal segments, tarsi and metatarsi yellow, leg I11 lighter than IV, I and I1 yellow ; abdomen dorsally and ventrally blackish brown.

Dentition as in fig. 3 A seen from outer side, resembling that of ehrenbergi but the dorsal jaw shorter, more blunt apically and almost evenly wide in front of the first (anterior) tooth, the second tooth of dorsal jaw much larger than that of ehrenbergi, subequal to the first tooth : intermediate toothof ventral jaw relatively much further from the first tooth than in ehrenbergi. The inner series of cheek teeth with three, the middle much smaller than the two others, which are subequal ; outer series consisting of’ four teeth, the second one small.

Flagellum as in fig. 3 B seen from inner side, much longer than in rhrenbergi ; when rotated forwards just surpassing the apex of the dorsal fang, while in ehrenbergi it obviously falls considerably short of this point ; diEering also from ehrenbergi and wicki in having the terminal narrowed portion longer, the upper margin with a pronounced sigmoid curve, its distal third with fine hairlike spicules,

SOLIFUGAE IN THE BRITISH MUSEIJM (NAT. HIST.) 115

Pedipalp metatarsus with three pairs of short but strong blunt spines in its distal half below, tarsus without a spine below ; in other male specimens from Ashaira and Mahdatha (see below) there may be a seventh spine on the inner side proximally to the three pairs but this is then longer and more setiform. Abdominal sternites without ctenidia.

Spination.

Dimmsions. Total length 19.5 mm.

Othci mntwial. 1 8 from Mahdatha, Arabia. 18. v. 1936 (B.M. 1950.3.9.26). and 1 2 tinm Ashaira, 16. v. 1 ! W (B.M.1950.3.9.23), both collected by H. S t . J. B. Philby. Two $?? from Tsif, Arabia (B.M. 1952.10.31.2-:3), 8-19. ix. 1934, taken by the same collector, should probably also be referred to this species.

R. philhyi is most, nearly related to Phrenbergi and wicki ; the former species ha,s heen recorded from Arabia (Mwra, Dthala).

8*

116 R. 14'. LAWRENCE

Biton tritneatidwta sp. n. (Fig. 3 C, D. j Type.

('d071r.

1 J, Ashaira, Arabia, 2.5. TI. 1936, collected by H. St. J . B. Philby (R .M. 19.50.2.9.18-20).

Head plate with some dark brown spots and stripes a t the sides in its anterior half, remainder of head-plate and chelicerae yellow-brown ; apical half of femur and distal segments (except tarsus) of palp lightly infuscated with violet, fonrth leg a little darker than palp, remaining legs yellow, dorsal antl ventral surfaces of abdomen brown.

Dentition as in fig. 3 D seen from outer side, the anterior tooth of ventral jaw resembling that of pruecox (C. L. Koch), but larger; no anterior main tooth in dorsal jaw but the first tooth very much larger than that of praecoz, or of species allied to it, antl projecting much further forward ; in pruecoz this tooth doss not reach forwards as far as the large anterior tooth of the ventral jaw while in tiuncutidens it projects almost as far as the middle of its truncated upper margin. Inner series with two 2, outer series consisting of three or four teeth.

Flagellum as in fig. 3 C seen from inner side, distinctly sinuous, ending in a fairly sharp point which is finely ciliated ; inner surface of flagellum in its apical third thickly covered with fine minute spicules.

The ventral surface of metatarsus of palp with four pairs of short spines, or three pairs and a basal longer setiform pair. These spines considerably longer and more slender than in philbyi. Abdominal sternites without ctenidia.

Spination.

Dimensions. Total length 13.5 mm. The species is most closely related to praecos (Koch), supposed to have

been taken in East Africa, less so to B. crassidens Lawrence from Little Namaqualand, South Africa. It diKers from the former in the larger first tooth of the dorsal jaw and in the shape of the flagellum, from the latter in both the dentition and flagellum. It was taken together with a juvenile form of Gluviola and a juvenile form of Rhagodes.

Biton subulosus Pocock. 19, Hadda, Arabia, 9. iii. 1934, collected by H. St. J. B. Philby

(B.M. 1052.10.30.7). An immature $2 from Arjan, Arabia, 4. xi. 1936, by the same collector, should in all probability also be referred to this species (B.M. 1950.3.9.27).

Genus HODEIUANIA Roewer. 1 $? from Taif, Arabia, 31. viii. 1034, collected by H. St. J . B. Philby

(B.M. 1952.10.30.5). The two thickly scopulated tarsal segments of the fourth pair of legs have

1.110 spines on the one side, %2/0 on the other ; the tarsi of legs I1 and I11 have I.lj0 spines each.

The tibia and metatarsus of the palpi do not have a regular arrangement of four, long, paired, ventral setae, these being numerous and irregularly disposed. The dentition agrees more or less with that illustrated for H . brunnipulpis by Eoewer (1934, p. 38%, fig. 271, GI). I do not feel justified in describing this form as new on the basis of a single 9.

Family Solpugidae. Genus FERRANDIA Roewer.

Perrandia arabica sp. n. (Fig. 4A.) Type. 18, Hadda, Arabia, 9. iii. 1934, collected by H. St. J. B. Philby

(B.M. 1952.1u.30.6). Closely resembling Perrundiu (h'neu) birulue Roewr from Somaliland, differing therefrom mainly in the larger number of modified hairs in the inner surface of the dorsal jaw h low the basal enlargement of the flagellum.

SOLIF~~rGBE IN THE BRITISH MLTSEL'M ( K . i T . HIST.) 1 I 7

Head plate alniost entirely I)lackish-purple except in the niitltlle and on each side of ocular tubercle ; chelicerac. with an ill-defined purple spot; above near the base ; appendages yellow, femora of' legs 11-IV and palpi with an apical purplish band ; abdomen yellow-brown dorsally and ventrally.

Dentition as in Eneu birulae ; inner series of dorsal jaw coiisist,iiig of two fairly large, sharp and widely separated teeth.

C'olozir.

A 'L

Fig. I.-Ferrandiu arubicu sp. n. 6. A, portion of dorsal jawl from inner side. Ferralzdiu Tobu,stu sp. n. 9. B, cheltcora from outer side ; C , anterior portion of ventral jaw from inner side.

Flagellum as in E. birulae, unspined, the apex more or less blunt, reaching a point situated a little nearer to the anterior margin of the head-plate than to the basal enlargement.

Dorsal jaw with. a group of eight enlarged flattened spine-like hairs below the basal enlargment, fig. 4 A, differing in length and width, the wider ones curved and sickle-shaped, the less expanded ones longer and straighter the most dorsally situated hair the widest ; posterior to this group of eight, another group of two longer and more slender spine-like hairs. Pedipalp metatarsus with a few cylindrical bristles on its ventral surface.

The shaft perhaps a little longer than that of E . birulae. Spination.

Dimensions. Total length 23 mm.

118 K. I<'. LAWRENCE

Perrundiu ro6ustu sp. n. (Fig. 4 B, C.) r i Iype. 10, Khurma, Arabia, 20. v. 1!)36, collected H. St. J . B. Philby

(B.M. 1950.3.9.29). Differing from the preceding species in being much more robust, the claws

and appendages shorter and stouter. Colour. Head-plate, chelicerae and appendages yellow without markings,

abdomen yellow-brouii. Dentition. Both jaws massive and thick-set, fig. 4 B, far more so than in the

9 of Fprrandiu ferrandii (Kraep.) judging by Roewer's figure (1!)34, p. 4i3> fig. 181b) ; inner series of dorsal jaw consisting of four teeth, the first large, then a much smaller one, the third subequal to the first, the fourth subequal to the second ; ventral jaw 011 its outer surface with a turned-in flange a t its ventral apex, so that this part of the fang, seen from below, is thicker than the rest ; seen from outer side, ventral jaw with two blunt rounded teeth, the posterior one subdivided ; a third tooth proximally to those below the level of the anterior teeth can be seen only from the inner side, fig. 4 C . This tooth terminates a ridge which, together with the outer dorsal margin of the jaw, forms a groove into which some of the posterior teeth of the dorsal jaw fit.

Dimensions. Total length 18 mm. This species differs from F . ferrundii in the dentition and greater massiveness

of the two jaws as well as in the foregoing particulars. Roewer (1932-34) has thought it necessary to create two genera for accommodating the two known species of the subfamily, the second, Eneu, differing from Fewandiu only in possessing one spine less on tarsus 111. I have not followed him in this and in view of the fact that the small distinction between the two genera is based on only a single specimen, I have preferred to regard one genus, Perrundia, as sufficient for accommodating all the known species of the subfamily.

These records of the subfamily from Asia are of considerable zoo-geographic interest. Both of the two species hitherto known are inhabitants of the African continent (Somaliland) .

Genus SOLPUUAILUA hewer . Bolpuyardu niussu kclfulica Hewitt.

2 88, 4 33 from ZombiL, Nyasaland, collected by J. K. Leilrion (B.M. 1950.3.9.7 a-7f).

Family Galeodidae. Genus OTHOES Hirst.

Othoes hirsti sp. 11. (Fig. 5 A, B.) l ' y p s . 2 3 8 , Jedda, Saudi Arabia, collected by H. C. Trott (B.M.

Colour. The whole animal light yellow except the tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of the palp which are chocolate brown (tibia), and blackish-broan (metatarsus and tarsus), contrasting sharply with the remainder ; head and chelicerae without darker markings or infuscation but dorsum of abdomen in the middle a little darker than the rest.

Dentition as in fig. 5 A seen from the outer side ; outer series of cheek teeth with three, inner series with two.

Flagellum as in fig. 5 A seen from outer side, fig. 5 B seen from inner side ; chelicerae with two long slender setae rising from outer side near the dorsal margin and posterior to the insertion of the flagellum ; these two setae differing from other similar ones on the outer surface of the dorsal jaw in being longer and directed upwards ; a very stout conical spine on the inner side of dorsal jai+, posterior to the origin of flagellum, fig. 5 B. The shape and structure of the Hagellunt not differing in general from the typical form found throughout the Galeodidae.

1 '350.3.'3.54-65).

SOLfFlJUAE I N THE BKITISH MUSEUM (NAT. HIST.) 119

Spination. Metatarsus of pedipalp without cylinder bristles, ventrally with six to seven short, stout, conical and tooth-like spines on each side, not very regularly paired ; tarsus unspined ; tibia below with about five pairs of very long lateral spines projecting forwards at about 45" to the long axis of the seg- ment and with numerous other shorter vertical spines ; femur below in its clistal half with some very long perpendicular spines, the proximal half with much shorter spines. Sternite V I with eight to ten very long, slender and pointed ctenidia, reaching almost to the posterior margin of sternite VII I ; malleoli very long, the stalks slender, the terminal membranous portion very wide, the longest malleolus 7 6 mm in length.

Fig. 5.-Othoes i h s t i sp. 11. 6. A, atiterior half of clieliceia froin o u h r sidc ; B, a portion of dorsal jaw, from inner side, to show flagellum.

Dimensions. Total length (including chelicerae) 46, chelicerae in situ 136 mm.

The genus was based by Hirst (191 1) on female specimens only and male forms have not hitherto been recorded. The males here descrihed agree fully with Hirst's account of Othocs in the generic distinctiveness of the claws, the second joint being greatly elongated and clothed with unusually long hairs. The ventral spination of the tarsi of legs I11 and 117 also agrees with the formula given by Hirst, that of leg I11 being 1.1.8.2;2.

120 R. F. LAWRENCE

Tlic species differs from both of those tlescribe(t by Hirst ill its mucli Many of the structures, such as spine$, ctetlidia and malleoli.

The type locality of one of Hirst's species \\as larger size. seem to be greatly elongated. Uppw Egypt (Wadi Halfa), that of the other being unknown.

Genus GALEODES Guleodes ulabs c. L. Kouh.

12, Fayitl, Egypt, 9. v. 194.5, collectetl by J?. J. Uunkley ( B X . 1930.3.14.44).

Ckrleodes laceitosus Roeiver 2 33. 1 9, Kejif, Iraq, 19. vii. 1937, collected by W. P. Kennedy

(B.M. 1!)4!).1.4.1&18) ; 1 d, Buraim, Arabia, 19. v. 1936, collected I,- H. St. .J. B. Philby (B.M. 1950.4.19.45).

Guleodes qiuecus C. L. Koch. 2 $$, Greece, 10. viii. 1946, collected by H. P. Hantlisyde (B.M.

1 !)30.3.7.5-8).

Gulcodes dovsulis Roewer. 13, Sovcida, South Syria, 5 . vi. 1945, Middle East Biological Studies

Scheme (B.M. 1930.3.24.42).

Galeodes unnundalei Hirst. 2 33, 'I'rimulghcrry, Hytlerabad, India, iii. 1946, collected by C. P. Ross

( m r . I 947.12. I XI).

(hiloodw 1~1,cilliJer t'ocock. 1 F), Uagdacl, oollcctetl by W. 1'. Keniietly, i. 1957 (B.M. 1952.10.31.4).

(Meor les boyqjrcvlenakii Birula. 1 \J, Xtjif, Jraq, I!). vii. 1!)37, collected by W. I). Kenned-y (B.M.

1 9, Lake Huleh, Asia Minor, Percy Sladen Memorial Fund 194!1.1.4.1.5) ; Expedition (B.M. 1036.4.27.7).

Genus GALEODOPSIS Koener. G'abodopsis cyrus (Pocock).

1 9, HafrLir, Arabia, 11. vii. 1034, collected by H. St. J . €3. Philby (13.M. 19.52.10.30.8).

Genus C; ~LEOUICLLUS Roewer.

Galeodellus bicolor sp. 11.

Type. 13, Basrah, Iraq, i. 1937, collected by W. 1'. Keiiriedy (B.M. 19X.10.30.3) .

C'olour. Yellow throughout except the tibia and metatarsus of the palpi nhich are dark chocolate brown, contrasting strongly with the rest of the body and appendages ; headplate lightly infuscated anteriorly and chelicerae with one or two faint darker longitudinal stripes in basal half, the appendages in general, yelloiz .

I'entral jaw iiith one or two intermediate teeth (me in the one j a u , t u o in the other), the posterior of these, when present, very small; dorsal jav uith tno intermediate teeth. the posterior one small or very small. Both outer and inner single serics consisting of four teeth, the last (proximal one) 11) enoh case \cry small.

Uentitioti.

SOLIFUGAE IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NAT. HIST.) 121

Fluyellum of the usual galeodic1 type ; helo\v the insertion of the flagellum and posterior to it, two very robust, short, blunt-tipped spines, which may be followed posteriorly by one or two considerably smaller spines of the same type (in one jaw these smaller spines absent) ; between the anterior of the two enlarged spines and the insertion of the flagellar stalk. a long stoat seta with the basal portion considerably thickened, reaching as far as the anterior tooth of the dorsal jaw.

Dorsal surfaces of the chelicerae and to a lesser extent their outer surfaces with numerous w r y long, stout, blunt-tipped spines. Metatarsus of palp ventrally 11 ith numeroiis small, though strong, pointed spines, but no cylinder bristles ; five pairs of much stouter and longer, bluntly pointed spines in its distal two-thirds ; tarsus with no spines whatever : tibia below with a t least four pairs of very long spiniform setae ; sternite L’I and ventral surface of tarsus I V with needle-like ctenidia (Roewer’s type I). Tarsal segments of‘ legs I1 and I11 with 12.2/2 spines instead of the usual formula of 1.1.2/2 for Galeodellus.

Dimemiom. Total length 45 mm. ; leg I V extremely long, 67 mm. from coxa to tarsus.

The species agrees well with Galeodellus inacmahoni (Pocock) from Eastern Iran in having true spines instead of cylinder bristles on the metatarsus of the palp, as indicated by Itoewer (1934, pp. 539 and 546), but differs in the coloration of the palp ant1 the presence of only five instead of seven pairs of large robust spines on the ventral surface of its metatarsus. It further differs from this species in the spine formula of the tarsi oflegs I1 and111 andin its somewhat larger size ; the fourth leg seems to be unusually long, one and a half times the body length. This species can be easily distinguished by its colouring and the spination of the pedipalp.

Spination.

Family Ammotrechidae.

Subfamily J!~U.II.IILTII.V.LE Roewer.

Genus MUMMUCINA Roewer.

Mummucina masculina sp. n. (Fig. 6 A-C.) Y’ypes. 1 8, Capachica, Peru, Lake Titicaca Expedition, 25. vi. 1937

(B.M. 1940.12.30.13) ; 1 ?from the same locality, 3 v. 1937 ( B . M . 1940.12.30.15). 8. Colour. Dorsal surface with a colour pattern like that of the 9, fig. 6 C,

except that the wide median darker band of the tergites is parallel-sided throughout ; ventral surface entirely ashy white, the stigmata1 opening and the distal margins of the malleoli reddish brown ; appendages ashy grey to mottled yellow proximally, the distal segments reddish brown, palpi darker than the legs, the segments becoming progressively darker distally, tarsi and apices of metatarsi blackish brown with a reddish tinge.

Dentition as in fig. 6 B seen from the outer side, the large main tooth posterior to the intermediate tooth followed by three or four subequal and fairly large cheek teeth ; inner cheek series not distinguishable.

Flagellum fairly narrow, shaped as in fig. 6 A, seen from the inner side, its apex open and narrowly bordered above and below by a delicate membrane fringed with minute spicules.

Palpi without spines but with numerous long setae, the ventral much longer than the dorsal ones; femur, tibia and metatarsus with long ventral setae, some of them arranged in irregular pairs, those of the tibia four or five in number, some of the distal setae longer than the tibia itself ; those of the femur long but usually shorter than the tibia1 setae ; ventral setae of the metatarsus shorter than those of the preceding segments, not regularly paired.

Spination.

122 R. Y. LAWRENCE

';. Colour pattern of the dorsal surface of trunk as in fig. 6 C, thc tergites bordered laterally with a fairly narrow, conspicuous blackish brown margin- ation, the tergites themselves ashy whit8e with a wide. light brown, median band : appendages and ventral surface as in the 3, the last three or four sternites a little darker than the others.

A

R

C

B Fig. (i.--M~umt/zuci?fa niasculino sp. n. $. A, olielicera from inner side ; B, the game

C, colour pattern of dorsal surface of $2, legs and pedipalps from outer side; omitted.

Dentition seen from the outer side, resembling that of the 3, fig. 6 B. Pedipalp tibia with four pairs of long ventral setae, these rather weaker than

in the 6, the whole appendage, especially the femur, with weaker setae than in the 6.

Dimensions. Total length of 6 7.3, of 8 8 mm.

Genus MUMMUCIONA Roewer. A 9 from Lobitos, North Peru, 20. iii. 1943, collected by R. Walls (B.M.

1951.11.9.215), agrees in the spinal formula of the tarsi of legs 11-IV given by Roewer for this genus. I do not feel justified in describing it as a new- form with only one imperfect 9 before me, though in some respects it difTers from M . simoni Roewer, also based on female specimens.

Dorsal surface with tergites bordered laterally by a purple stripe, their anterior and posterior margins with a narrow, purple border, an indistinct

Colour.

SOLIPUGAE IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NAT. HJST.) 1 23

longiturlinrtl stripe in the mitldlc ; remaintler of specimeii .yellon., head-plate at the sides, apex of femur and whole of tibia ant1 tarsus of palp a littlr darker (yellow- brown).

Dentition as in Roeit c1”s tiescriptioil vf fV. simoni. IJehintl and mctlially to the main tooth of the ventral jaw, oiic or two rather indistinct small granuliform teeth.

Metarsus with seven pairs of short stout spines along its uhole length, tibia with two subapical pairs and a fifth spine in basal half, femur unspined. Metatarsus with fairly iiumerous cylinder bristles ventrally a t its apex, thinning out proximally so that none is present a t the base of the seg- ment ; tarsus with a few cylinder bristles, tibia entirely without ; dorsal surface of all segments without cylinder bristles.

Pedipalp.

Dimensions. Total length 13.5 mm.

Subfamily A L ~ ~ l l , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Roewer. Genus PSEIJDOCLEOBIS Pocock.

Pseudocleobis ovicornis sp. n. (Fig. 7 A-C.) Agreeing with the spinal formula of the genus as given by Itoewer (1934,

Types. 18, Capachica, PO. iv. 1937, Lake Titicaca Expedition, Peru p. 592) for tarsi of legs 11-IV.

(B.M. 1940.12.30.12) ; 19, Capachica, 2 . iv. 1937 (B.M. 1940.12.30.14).

C

Pig. 7.-Pseudocleobis ovicoriris sp. n. 3. A, dorsal jaw from outer side ; B, chelicera from inner side ; C , chelicera of 9 from outer side.

Head-plate purple except for a narrow- median stripe and a light spot on each side of the ocular tubercle ; chelicerae yellow with two dorsal and one lateral, narrow. purple stripe ; tergites with three longitudinal stripes composed of two lateral ant1 one median purple marking on each segment,

d. C‘olozw.

124

ventral surface yellow ; appendages yellow, the femora and tibiae of the legs brownish ; palpi with apex of femur and distal segments brown above. lighter below.

Dentition as in fig. 7 A seen from outer side, fig. 7 B seen from inner side, the outer cheek series consisting of four more or less equal-sized teeth behind the main tooth ; inner series with four teeth, the first and third large, the second very small, the fourth small.

Flagellum as in fig. 7 B seen from the inner side, resembling that of P. andina in not, or only just, surpassing the anterior tooth of the dorsal jaw. but more oval in shape.

Spination. Metatarsus of palp ventrally with two well separated spines in the distal half of the outer side ; tibia with three pairs of spiniform setae, those on the outer side spine-like and shorter than those of inner side which are very long ; femur with two strong, well separated spines on its inner ventral side. Palp without cylinder bristles but with numerous apically bifid setae (Roewer’s Qabelhaare, 1934, fig. 106 b, p. 125) on the dorsal surfaces of all segments, but absent on ventral surface of femur, sparse on ventral surface of tibia, consider- ably more numerous on dorsal than ventral surface of metatarsus.

SOLIFUCAE IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NAT. HIST.)

Dimensions. Total length 12.5 mm. 9. Coloicr as in 6 with the following differences ; the infuscation of the head-

plate deeper, the purple spots of the dorsal surface of abdomen confluent so that the whole area of the tergites is purplish, variegated with lighter markings ; in the last five segments the colouring extends to the membranous sides of the abdomen so that the whole dorsal surface in these segments is darkened ; ventral surface and appendages as in 6.

Dentition as in fig. 7 C seen from outer side, outer cheek series with four. large, equal-sized teeth, inner series consisting of four, the first and third long and subequal, the second and fourth much smaller.

Metatarsus of palp with two pairs of short stout ventral spines, one apical, one a little anterior to the middle ; tibia with four pairs of ventral spines (longer and more slender than those of the metatarsus), the second from the base on the outer side much longer and stouter than the others, but setiform ; femur with three spines on its outer side ventrally in distal half ; all segments of palp with apically cleft setae, more numerous on their dorsal surfaces.

Spination.

Dimensions. Total length 18 mm. The species most closely resembles P. andina Pocock, differing from i~ in the

shape of the flagellum. Other material. 1 immature 9 (B.M.1940.12.30.17), 1 9 (B.M.l940.12.30.16),

2 99 (B.M.1940.12.30.10-11), all from Capachica, Lake Titicaca Expedition, Peru ; 1 9 from Sillustani (B.M.1940.12.30.19) and 1 9 from Lagunillas, alt. 4,300 m. (B.M.1940.12.30.18), Lake Titicaca Expedition, Peru.

REFERENCES. BIRULA, A. (1893). Zur Kenntnis der russischen Galeodiden. Horuo SOC. cat. Boss.

27, 82-90. HEWITT, J. (1938). The trap-door spiders, scorpions and solifuges. Scientific results of

the Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition, March-September, 1930. Ann. Tra?wmnl &Izrs. 16, 460-479.

HIRST, 8. (1911). Scorpions and Solifugae collected by Captain S. 8. Flower in the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan.

ROEWER, C. FR. (1932-1934). Solifugae, Palpigradi, in Bronn’s Kluss. ‘21. Ordn. des Tierreichs 5, Abt. 4, Buch 4.

ROEWER, C. FR. (1941). Solifugen 1931-1940. Verofl. deutsch .Kolon. Ubersee Mus. Brewaen 3, 97-192.

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 7, 217-222.