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South African Debt Payments to Foreigners – Thin Cap and other Limitations Karen Miller – Webber Wentzel

South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

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Page 1: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

South African Debt Payments to Foreigners – Thin Cap and other Limitations

Karen Miller – Webber Wentzel

Page 2: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

Current position for South Africa

• Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine thin capitalisation;

• Sections S23M and S23N also apply to limit interest deductions;• Draft IN on Thin Cap remains in draft and advocates a profitability 

test to determine allowable debt amounts;• The draft also proposes a low risk interest rate as acceptable;• Practice Note 2 remains in force albeit with limited application;

Page 3: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

Current position in practice

• Section 31 applies first to determine the arm’s length amount of debt and the terms and conditions (including the interest rate or debt pricing);

• Section 23M will then apply to the remaining allowable interest provided it is not subject to tax or disallowed under S23N.

Page 4: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

Unpacking this through an example• ForCo establishes a subsidiary in South Africa and provides a 

guarantee for a local loan as well as a foreign shareholder loan, both loans are interest bearing and for a term of 10 years;

• ForCo ensures SACo has a gearing ratio of 1:1 and a strong liquidity ratio as the funds are used for extensive capital investment;

• ForCo is in a country which has a DTA with South Africa which reduces the WHT on interest and dividends to 5%;

• SACo commences trading but suffers operating losses for the first 3 years, but demonstrates it will trade out of this position within 5 years and commence repayment of the loans.

Page 5: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

The impact for SACo• SACo has losses 

for the first three years therefore interest could be denied in full under S31.

• Disallowed interest is reclassified as a deemed dividend subject to WHT of 20%.

• S23M not applicable as all disallowed under S31 

• SACo has its assessed loss reduced as a result of the interest added back

• SACo is not permitted to carry forward the disallowed interest.

Page 6: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

The impact for SACo

• If SACo can argue that the arrangement satisfies the provisions of S31 then S23M will be considered to possibly limit the interest (unless subject to WHT);

• The disallowable portion of the interest can be carried forward to the following year.

Page 7: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

OECD approach

• BEPS Action 4 is designed to provide a simple approach to limiting interest deductions;

• Aimed to replace existing thin cap rules but is not prescriptive• Is not a minimum standard

Page 8: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

Comparison with OECD approach

• OECD proposes a test of net interest to EBITDA with an acceptable corridor of 10‐30%.  

• This can be extended to a group approach and an uplift of 10% applied where the country has high interest rates.

• The OECD also advocates a carry forward of the disallowed interest.

• The OECD does not conclude the interest is non‐arm's length but simply excessive thereby protecting the WHT position?

Page 9: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

Countries adopting an arm's length test

• Australia• Belgium• Denmark• Germany• Indonesia• Italy

• Lithuania• Portugal• Switzerland• UK

Page 10: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

Countries using the arm's length test and reclassifying excessive interest as a dividend

• Belgium• Germany• Italy• Switzerland

Page 11: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

UK approach

• Applies a similar approach to SA:• First determine the arm’s length quantum of interest using 

the thin cap rules, interest lost but no secondary adjustment;• Secondly, restrict the allowable interest using the test 

advocated in Action 4 at either the entity or the group level –carry forward disallowed interest.

Page 12: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

Comparison of Action 4 to S23M

• Both apply a formulaic test – greater certainty;• Both permit the carry forward of excessive 

interest.

Page 13: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

Case law impact

• GE and Chevron have added a twist;• Arm’s length test requires consideration of the 

debtor as a separate enterprise;• Consideration of implicit support “Halo effect”• How to benchmark?

Page 14: South Debt Payments to Foreigners –Thin Cap Limitations ... · Karen Miller –Webber Wentzel. Current position for South Africa • Section 31 retains an arm's length test to determine

Thoughts for SARS

• Does applying an arm's length test make sense?• How will the final interpretation note align to the 

existing limitation sections and Action 4?• What will SARS view be on implicit support in 

light of recent case law?• Does SARS have a different view on the 

application of S23M and S31 in respect of loan arrangements?