Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade

Chapter 6, Section 3

Mainland vs Coastal States• Mainland

– Thailand, Burma, Vietnam, Khmer

– Relatively stable region– Mountains prevented outside

interference and influence• Coastal

– Malay Peninsula, Indonesian Archipelago, Moluccas (Melaka)

– _________ merchants begin trading and influencing religion, building new states

– Rapid growth of spice trade meant more money

Arrival of Europeans• Early 1500s _________

take over spice trade from Muslims in coastal regions– Shipping by boat makes

them more powerful than Muslim counterparts

– Able to carry more, higher demand for spices in Europe

– Not powerful enough to control area and impose authority

Dutch Take Control• Dutch and _______ were

better financed and had more military support than Portuguese

• Early 1600s Dutch seized a Portuguese fort in Moluccas and began pushing them out of spice trade– Also pushed ______ out

• Imposed political and military control over region– Separated spice growth by

__________

Mainland States Resist• Less contact due to

___________ terrain and other natural borders

• When faced with European missionaries and traders, states united and drove them out

• Had already begun to define themselves as distinct entities– Controlled by monarchies that

did not want intervention from outside world

Dutch and English Impact

• Mainland– Not very much of an

impact• Coastal– States are victims of

their own resources (_________)

– Had less political unity and could not come together to address Europeans

Religious and Political Systems

• Christianity and Islam do not spread through _______ states…more success found along coast– __________ – Buddhism– ________ – Islam and

Christianity• Four styles of monarchy

begin to emerge

Types of Monarchy• __________ Kings

– Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia

– King seen as a link between humans and the universe

• _________ Kings– Kings maintained balance

between sacred and material world

– Also a link between humans and the universe

Types of Monarchy cont’d• ________ Sultans

– Viewed as a mortal, but with special powers

– Protector of the faith – Staffed his __________, or

appointed government officials, with aristocrats

• __________ Emperors– Ruled by the teachings of

Confucius– Was appointed by the

Heavens to be the link between Heaven and Earth

Exit Slip

• What factors helped Europeans influence and control the coastal areas of Southeast Asia?

• What factors prevented European influence of the mainland areas of Southeast Asia?

• Why were the Portuguese able to take control of the spice trade from the Muslims?

• Why were the Dutch able to take control of the spice trade from the Portuguese and English?

• What religions were found in the coastal areas of Southeast Asia? What was found in the mainland areas?