fa-*, •• . •

SOUTHERN AFRICA _<-V ••»

» r . f i

SASPU NATIONAL ?5 . T T H --------------------------------mm

lUchateS * * * * * * common

Koevoet; ^m eth o d s^e x p o s e d ^ ? -

"at inquest;.-S ta r tlin g facts h a v e ^

.com e to light in .*. ^ N a m ib ia recently: a ^ • - bubonic plague of - :*■ t-:I c r i s i s proportions,- - ^and a security force

j -w ith astonishing '* fsr.tlvities.'

• t i t t r n Ki>*f>SO, Job a t tea*;rr S4 w u d f t . A _ q f o r *

month* after being ecc-**C e» ireaung S*abQ guenlla* for >*" wound*. (Ranc DaJy Mad, A u g t* l . - ' I9&3) c J .

rh« cU*r. to duac cu rfr*

. • . . . : . . , 4 , t .' W A R -H IT ’~HEALTH *erv*.oea, « survival. Bubonic plague li oot irv

' crippling drought tn e ua ty p e n x ' fsctiou* wherea* poeuroocii; ptague ' liurr! cooditioo* have triggers! ac / £,*r be transferred from one person

' o u tb reak of, bubonic plague In ̂ to the next.Namibia’a O w am be war ion* cairn- . The official explanation giveo for

. io | four Itvh ao far. *; Ihe rapid epread of bubonic plague is1 " There hav» beer. 332 **eae a a c e m* cnppbng drought, the worn in 13 ‘

• ; . . J April this y»er. aocannng 10 Dr A „« y ean , m at ha* lorcad ra ti beanng * m ilitary r e s i / t c t jo e s . o c tn«* . ^ V 4 - H itzenxh, in charge of enrirocroen- pla^ue-carryw 1 flee* lo com# doaer ( #oc-xiime* hamper the * w o rtm k y :» r -i*j health for - ihe N e n u b u i ed-" 10 humen eettieroent* ir. eeerch of • their duties. L andm ine ere an ru*r” 7- , ’ * V ? I • m m m ranoc. In September alone ' food Although the drought » a me- * preaer.; oange:, Hea.'lh ecrvu*» :* « ^

1 there were 16 c«k* com pered wh_h - ' jor fen or in spreading the daeaac, ' . deteriorated eJ Ihe 17^ y w r - w . J ' the 166 bet w ren M ar;b X . end ■ me war iuelf ha* contributed. ; d re p on. *'- . / H ' > '5*1 M arch L»uj yeer v C. H e e lth w o rk e r ! »nd ic h o o l But it ■ the iwerrA.’ r e . j |« » r .

:1 **. Doc to n end heeh>i w b r te n ic the . leechcn heve been d eu ined eAer t>e-_f\ock to the e rtx i eround the o * r j t r e e w arn . th a t the di»eaae u . ir4 *ccu*ed 3 ajdmg or iu p p o ru n | .towni. who hevt er*ai«d ihe p t a a * .

1 ' and iruy -devekjp i r i o ^ t h e People1* Ubereuon Army of^ heeiu-. rue. Bubonic pUgue * t * n ^ 'm n im o flk piague, for which t h e n Nam ibia(Piau).Sw apo,» armed win*, pr « • 0 0 cfj»cd to the s a p v . ^no known treatm ent and Ucie hope > A m ak nurK i \ 1 clinic tn Kaauhu, between Oth^kaL a n d O o c a n f^ e____ « . - a -. * • i t i -wtuch » home lo 25C CXX) peofki. a

An aii»9 W *ortur» «icum

- the unit wua not m votvtd m memtain- r. in | law and order in the war w o e , - ' ‘but ‘only havt to do with fighting *: «• terrorierr*. H j euperior. B n g ad ie r^

! - DR A M A n c KVIDBxCfc ill Urn) H an. D n y t t , *il! i£*ify m CMwrm.• m unicr u k ) <d l* c m c s x n - o ' » -■»•»« u ' e 1041 ' I »un,ei- , , V K J Jp 0l,c.c«um«H— ■*-•>. * • - * « > • « » “ “; I_ (Ux-.ocv. » a 0» i K ? " ■ “ > * • - *', " C" V C" * ',X ao tih o f . da»ir,M « H otvoet »

c m o d y h u ioom ed r w u o n o o r q u o t m to -ih . <J«ih in detention o f, }.. I h , highly KC« 1 o r ^ n - e K * . , * M r J o n i H u n » k m ]« . o p .r* d on .

In W .ndhoek. on X . .O c to b c r 4. -re found Mr M a m u a way a , wt*c w u *

thebarriers of thev , . - >a*.* a..-* •* •“• k '•■ ■ »'• - • - 'v -./.l .V rprisonIK TER ESTINO FACTS havt ct*ne to light about the prieoc ayrtaffi r

. Mo«amb*que,A report recee'iy ie<eoaod bj tb t

M oiam bic|ue Inform aiicr A j« icy (A IM ) rev ea led th a t -p r ia o n e retw e roembcre of Itoevoet wsr* w m _ . . j m .-•/ . - • -------— .

»u.ttv of m urtfr.im pc, i t w i j * tth l*»c>itr. d ied h o tin fcie r b5i:1l * j . t n u d a m o c ity , by • p re i id m t C tn Y » t in i c tra tm iu rtc a - , v * « * d e u m td by m em beu o f Koevoe! on . *, J979 * i« bmkSiaj***• -------* k.— u ta«j v m / ( ^ t 'n a n jo where the^ ' Ye-

■ education camp* once •txxLU n m io 'i »50 p r jc m rn — wnh

e n ru ru : rcccit* — tw .a d ip >--------.-or. tn the c* O B 't« ) a t> » r M c ~ VVTul i » d t t be Uk pn*

* * __ . ■ • . i k .m k . ir ̂ it nr t.

tem pted murder. It w u heard how the two. d n fu u ed as S*e?*r guerillax,

. went on e *repe end rocoe> 3 p«d>* tion*v

lo mitigation of *c- ^ n c e their c o m m e n d in g o f f ic e : ea id th e t *U»e»o*t member* w e t ‘killing machine*’ U ujh i U) •h.J1* * * mercj *j*j who-woutd pooiOi? ‘boc. place

Novem ber I*, last yea;lo p Cape low n advocate* w\M ap­

pear Tor M r Ham ukwuja’a family u ins i.nqucjl. wh;ch a lo be neid m Kundu, capita? c Itaveungo

M n Ketnne Hamukwaye, th e . widow br tne deceaiec , ha* giwen noiice that aha a tc aue the Mi.“«nef t of Lkfence. tne M inuter d Law er.d

_ egr.culiural town, w in the a* u iia r.:e of the govennr<r.L

Arrangement* were maCr ic U ie place • o< u e is n ts . w * m m uiw w“ ‘_ —7 " ’th e famii’Ci of the ti-^r.m inaU to

fafe. par* . Order and the a d r m utrafor genera^ . j j n i r f 0 Some of their '.itaLc* t * ! \ \ ,*. who all lace wmiia; civil cieim* and a n£J( ^ JJll ^ fncrvt »o t h 'j ren a m e d

• O lh e n left the cam p, by! n o e tha people rtayed on. . .

tn 1980 a Rate fenn wa* *et up, In- ’fcially with an area o’ XX) hectare*. ' According t o / the director d the

f a r m , G e r t r u d e P e le m b e

, _juch value on numaa

’ ^ T n e 'iw o conw m ! t « « . Jo n u . cU ‘™ c ' J ' 4* rro" , th ‘I e— - (2SL and Pauii* M alhewi ^ w*do« o( Mr Juhannc* Kaxuva.! S T f t a l - . Z fo u n d f u i l t v o f t d c - -« n e e w h o d .e d m p o i .e e c u a to d y . .

*• m u r d e r in t H e a d m a a . R o o e r t i in IVM. . . .T “ “ « J jutuAry i n n a l h . . Kectnt .M c o m p l^ n u atbee-, puaiponed wfule Pau»u* un- . a v il« n m a ilrea.mcni m the war xone

* pUUpOfl ___ me^r Ihe M lnblahmcnl .of B. cergoe* ptychiairic ooacr>»iion.

* W a rra n l-o f f ie e r N o rv a l, o f' _ )U*vx*t, in hi* tm tm tB j *e/d that

have aeen the eaiablahm eni .of a in Hilary bo»rc of inquiry and inquiry . into aecunty legalation.

ajrcnom tH <aoi] e ip ert) acrt by the - M tnistn o f A*n=mturs, i m » m u n - . Ihey h*»t done

----------------- j . — . ■— - - < k rw lliv * » lo n h » i Jtow «to* t. II I -

iK a d o m a aim s to straighten distortionst P R O N T U N E UK* » » U 110 O K U rn -n I h . MUU. Afrto»n mDitwy J ta lm .

p r ^ 'e r t foreign n w « « repone™ > m in i« r» -m̂ u! 10

J l loB o«rt » « « t i n | <l ’ Independent count™ , of ih . rep o n '.. ' £ £ n T . n M * . W--— n Ot. S e x r ^ W « e n , o « « M e n c «

of in fo fnuua . a fe ilS o u th . e ln ad y do o t » .:* ^ T n ^ h S T T W . v « d So, lb . frontline « t e . » r - In-

' f lH r V o r . i l " c o r r « r o « o . . u . r M « 1 < / * u B ,n | t b . door m the h e .J — o f the prtax. they'have opered 0.

’ The motivation o f the Kadoma Declaration a reported to be that ihe W eeure prca* continually publtaha*

'in fo rm atio n lavourm g the South Afr1***" *ov«r«mer>L

f t l r i i t n • • 'J l

T H

IAU tv l 1 ------------* . cr*d-‘t«! in South Afnca. and thoee «- reportin i » r t |» n » l fc«M vu in ! S o u ti Aftfe* will n « b . »E o*«i. a i -^ T n c tp H . lo wort in » e f « o t t l«i iutti i*iym»«.' ..........

T V m o« »»> «»•" b j bolh them t m u n w »* — 7

f r . s \ « ,* * « ? ' » * R n e ntV i« < * » * <**«> ► » t* v . t

»ou»Ji A Moan military e i» to « l lh«y • firad only on ba*c4 of lha Africa.-

National Corgrea*. wtucb a whai Ihe W a a im jo u m ah m baa«: ir. Soutr

.A fn ca reported.But M apu to baaed J o u r n a l s

: alleged that only Mozmmb»can fac-' lone* and civilian* were ha in the

- raid.The Kadoma Declaraiicr. aim* ic

co m b a t the allegedly d i i to a e d coverage given lo Southern Africa

. and develop a perspective in the W eeurn preai that u not Ihe South

’ African governm ent’li k . r \ - ->-►«!in" An** nn> timlt (hr

A t t e n d » f i n u n ^ * ^ s a f t t

quarter of Nairuoia’i pc^uia^or.Military ‘oepop jia^on’ profrea-

^ • m a UJ the ru rv area* have fa r c m l; '\ thousand* o r peop le o ff u e i? ^ » ‘ -

-n iraditjonai land ic create firw o«c\ *■ *. T ao-m ac» land area*. There are a ^ i

go military baaee m Owambo aoaa.•V f . : f ^ e refugee* have beer fo re ^ ‘

,v v-.m ove to me town*, btxh of w&rr y .•*/>. . ^ . . v <house m&naQ ba*ci. Rural vthagwi . v’ . , h av eaiw moved to lha town* u / .

- „ . ' * avoid being caught to the croacVa .V.000 h e d a m . ^ fu rth a MD h e c u jta l1le h u seen a b w k U ; of ’ h u bee .1 M MKJe for uie 150 head o f - r e u ! „ a m p i

.=alt!e. ... ^ ̂ ' -o fc o m .g « tc d iron and beauin wncrtA o c c e in j lo A IM , unoc l ’ ^ '. ; ,_ 10oui )} jqq peoy e hve in rajerajie

U f a r jo ’t fonr.er a ^ n a - = h * 'l * « n » _ nc -J1 iu l i0Ii, « , rwn-• attempting. « p by. « ep . to . p u t , w t l ;r ^ ^ hwUh : t -

Machcl i luk ie iiH i into » « * • m ir th.- i « « u a i i N > .V*M tn * ^ o onct . - o o u ^ t W t i » - • . :

^ lo n o - b e b o n e t f w o r c c r v p r o u ! 0 ^ « « J ch iidrrt • -

° f " h" " * » A . o - e d o c to r c o m tre r « a »-•pw ud of their t o « • b - b ■ , w 3 0 i = r - •: . '

jrow uti. - . _________J ” *r. epO«<r.5 le happen-’ . [ > . 'R t -*p • ; ■«* all b<it h ro aa

dc%»n a* tr«e * ar -cripple* i . - m m atrai vc « '> icea, 'a-VJ the*r a • _ re*; > nc v i ; o.' u!: "4 J»»* **•“* . * ‘ * *; m ar. cean .go ucref»>ted arvr . d c r 1 have any tccjtz of tnoat - d*e before Lhe> car rearh i d k a • . * • ca:c .‘ z

NauorvJ heai.r te a n j hxvt he*m du*t:ng mil>f -7 b ix a cn3 »oiac*; **■ - krajux with re: poM x~ * a

Ar. SADF ip o ie* ?cn o o **x - r, “ troop* had coftlrariod the Civaaa • A b

u de*p:ta rumour* o f aervicemea •,n*i 1 IK7 nMTK u w l . r - 1 J* ■*The town ha* a IxaplUl,achool and *•»«« ‘“ J® “ • . " • . *— 1 '^ •

. m t Kale « d lo n a tio n : ^ U F “ » '• ' *PUr,. I . under w.y to u p tr^ Je . m ed.ca K iv tce . « b « h Kjv ^ . . ; . . - . .

b o u « bust out of loci, m aienalt. end 0 - ^ * ° * u U! JJb r ic k h o u M W fflb e b J lio v .r lh . '- '> b « ‘' c 'r ~ « l“ « pr°*rt 1™ ~ ^ r » .

. ,T i T t . • r • » « i h . h ean j and mmOi of tli« p » - - >*-<oc a . tnre* year*. i V

One of U nanio 'i IMidcnta, Daniel P1' - ___ ___ — -JUmbine. ™ K nt to th . r .- educa- * “ b uor. centre in 1979 d lcr Pe.n, ca u |h , ^ T . ' "e m b c a l^ i money from the Neuoaal r„ c % u « *.«Su c b e r * *M .

_____ -ao-m njtr»Jion b u y in g t* nr - the to ^b hall. Ptopie wc»e p r a t e r * a:e rv'w invcuved ir the pUnruug 0 , r ' .tvr u>wn xi-.d lanr.

Th? aor;*! a i’a;re ' tximmitte*. ruc 'vea pro-rc"** facing the com-m ’J'iit^. including laxtice.

c dee l w ith d i* c lp l 'n « ry probienu ana otner minor q jea^um ,’ ' m vi the head of the committee.

'W hen aomecnc breaa* a law th ey are piaced in a ho»ae. and we gjve them the chance tc reflect a liUk on

Roadi Dire ctoraie *My wife and ytlxchildren have joined me here.’ he *2 . .told AIM. 'Theyare happy with, thia, cho.ogi.t* and eurgeon. ia and I’ve made up my mind to euy here.’

‘We were given the challenge of building a city that wouid have agriculture a* iu economic baa* We are ready 10 Tight to overcome

**<4 »r« «Krw»- ih«* cpminalt t i n Wa r«U ibW !'it>4tei,W ^ l M t !><-•{u t

S K I . t v ’

IC .okoiand and O w am bo w« military pereonneL

Beaioei me bubonic pUgue. t*** dL»ca*e* bxe tuberculoau. M O M Strain* of venera1 dueaae and m aara are aiao preaent.

A* health service* d e t e r io a a .t L a •atv-%»n

6 I t U tC«LK . h t l ^ a l ' v o r s * .

1>e Differ, sr:u r*y dampoowr. In the country's huio*) had lorn inouuriCi of people and (he m a/jr r r t .v in t movement* from ih« poi'tical landscape LaaOeri had been jailed. Dunned or forced imo exile s

So. (he founding of Ihe African Students' A jsocis.lw t or what h u come lo be toow n as Heroei' Day « n a par­ticular!* defiant act. , a*, ■** ^

m ASA mfMloarfVM** buck in hifft h-Maofe rvf nontww i n i w r i ihOM In U » r n ^ r e a u N * * * tJ I n o a i c n * a |« * . m efi m l*.#U nrav rM r at IM S o r t* Im F V . n J n i *'*2 IHc l*ff«arafc> e f l u k j* r * m *e<*7* Ahfcoi.|h * too* r t--n 3 a bur O.' r jrw x x i u Um a ' f-wi Hart — «Sd ANC Touth . i ^ u t mn^hoMf

WaKwt |h « O r* m p u f * of u(WtUOT

which finally raaultad vioiani eonfronta:ion wan

»lha polka. After utia Nuaai was Banned from operating on ihe black cam puses altogether.

Mi'i: f e

. . . t vB M & ____________r 't •»*ejfw*d a§ ■ f**uli of i»i*c* r>m*i

r a r a & f e - g - w * - *• -Although Ihe NetioneJ whi l>mor of Soulh Afncan viol

‘ j',!* V uoanu (Nuaaa) had baen torjely put of r e p with Ihe C o n fm i Movement. n did a a cacape I ha attention of A t authorities. The deten-

^ *4 of N uaai leaders.Lr^V> ' aongside thoae from Ihe

r ^ 5 t f » . f A N C , S t e la an d th e Congress d f T Bbcrau,

( ^ s t im u la t e d a significant P " , m dicalisstidn within the

organisation. The decision 13 *PP°‘nl ANC President,

~ ' Q u e f Albert Luthuli, as S a v Honorary President

{ ir£ ,r S ia J96I ind to develop coenmuaicauoru with the

»'< African Siodenu Aaaocia- 7 < - aiors wore examples of thi*

.m f f i , j ^ , - 11m largely emodooai ;V,; b a a j o f this Change in H i N*isaa. coupled with the t > vpabucal vacuum during the

earty *60*v created a freai dea-' of confusion within the organisation. The participa­tion o f Nuaas leaden in the actm ties o f Ihe African R e s istan ce M o v em en t {ARM) — a b rg d y while c sdoufc group — not only

i rep'eaented an a i t r r a e in ■ coady futility, but severely

dam*fad U e popular aup-

Xr%

I THE

TWo evenu. how irtr, lo««d Nuias lo rally aup»

’ *pcar on the while cam* ^ ^ i r v tn (965 Nuaai b> -n tad Martin Luther King

[ v > aad Robert Kennodv to dc 1 ftsrional ipealunf lourt of

'r tha campuaet. At the m m e r * 1 urne as refunng Kinf a Visa t y ic enter South Africa, Ute

# J state banned (b« N uau «nL

11* banning evoked ma*»_ r public outcry and. In

h r*_*:?y^ **-"3 •en j a » turned the ' uda o f pubiic opin*on ir

t* favour of Nuaai. Rennady’i ’-j irc a iin g lour there/ore aaw

c r - i* '! ? o f pop-,^> 5 * • ! aipport. wah op to 10

; ODD pcopia attaodirig t a a^*

continued to enjoy l'*4 W f^acaie iuppori on toe

h*gi*h» apaaiing unSrr- k J d aa I fawnched a aeries e f m a a ' i prwet> eanv p a^m . laaues iiKe the as*

i of com rm ni* lec- from the unmmitie*

and the removal c- a buck academ ic from a kctunng

. p a « — the *Mafeje AfCair' 'A — errra ju a twv a a u a f arw ond which itu d e n ii yj BM^iiiaed. Although ihcir

» '■* pruteaU were met with ^ . v C*£̂ *VVl V d e rc n a tio ru and deieo-

u n of *udem leaden, this ‘si wrsptj aerved to fud

r enthuaiasm. r -------** / k n ic i M inljter John

5 3 5 claim thal N u mv »waa a *cancer in lb* Wa cf

, 5 « * b Africa that m u* be o u t’ tooted like nothing

n'l more than the a y * c rk d ranting of a thrcaienad

^ lT »m . , ^W ih the ASA aubeurv

4aS7 smaahed, black st»> j t ' ■ j t n .4 now turned to Nuaaa.

Dcaprte vctoea by campui

i A n Era of Protest PoliticsI ,J ! « i i « A ,■ ^

r a n w » V l ^ y . > . • ' ■

in Biack and White/ 'S V ’ r r * ~ L \ ^

Although the fiftH for black Mudenn to afTtitaie to Nuaaa had become * ayn- onom ouj with their general •trvggle to determine Uieir owr future path and direc­tion, Nuaai iiaelf could not live up to the eapecta^ona

T r e a t e d o f it. A re a l divergence earned in the fact that white a t» d en u wrre cam p a ir in g againai the croator. o f dem ocratic righu, while Lhev btock coileaguea wera fighting to accurr the m oc bade of those nghu. At the same time the task of potajctdng while siudenu difTerwd coo- •ideraWy from chaneilm j ihe oppoartior, and angex oi ■ / black Audanu. , ,

I h e formatioc o f Um U nhrenhy ChrialiAe Mova- ment (U C M >» I967aerved as a catalyst for a tfv»kvi that aJrtatfy axa trd . Tbe UCM w u a Bauk^rmaa, g r o u p , b u t t b e predominance o f black stu­dents created a quaiEJL-v*. ly d iffe re n t e x p e rie n ce from that o f Nuaaa. Tboae students invori*ed b -the UCM q u ick ly aaw the benefit o f an o rganaaim r that was geartd for the ipecLr.c newda o f b tacr u u - d enu , piaytng a BfAlfcan. pan in the dcvcJoprarct of black iheoloty and rwutmg * bteracy p ro fra m c * f a the black oocnmunay

j j I

V O * iv authoritiet and the Minister of tducalion . they Cam*

vigorously for the to afTiiiate to the J Union.

(V6S students at For. a re itag ed a lectu re

a o y co it over Ihe issue

I h e 1961 a rn u a l Hums C o n g r e s s a t R h o r fe i Unirersi:y ic Orahanwtowa p ro v id e d tb e im p a iu a needed for a m o ae a a rn 'it of b a c t M u studam bvterac tio a - ' -

W hen tbe M indter cf'B antu Education iat o * a decree forong biack stu­dents to aat and d eep ieparaiefy from Ih d r whae counterpans, various bock audciii leaders bagan to raise Ihe need for ac afl- btack student organiaalion.

. Ih e ides was diacusaad further a t a m eeting ia M anonhli: in 1969 (at-

- te n d e d by th e N u aaa president) and waotuaHy

achim ed ooUd lh<T a < - j K ' ' ‘ ‘ ’ ' - 1 ’• » 1 * v “ ■ i i• H e r a « r„u ,- .k ..; 1 : >'• .■r a ^ h i p i o r : r ; y . ; : v . v V ;. j £

before etth*.-* |ro u p r»s b e g a n ' l a . m i r l th la chsD erna . **4 -t

At the lima of t» forT'S' lion, Saao had within a marry difTerart id*>Jofi<is, and aim ed iiaeif a) the broader goaia of uniting black atudenis and at the g en e ra l, potitica. davtlop- ment of the biack p eo r^ - In 1970, however. K begin to take a more Cefmr.e direction with the writing of biack con*ci<*»r*ejB into aj co ru tltu iio ru . ‘Black man y ou a re on y o u r 'o w e * becam e the rallying cry of Saso as a vigorous cam- paifna was now launched

j k V . i f y*

s r ' S ' j r

anc^uragi.if i tu d e n ti to j ■njveratiea h av e nothirg to do wiin tna

” Srhita’ Nuaaa -•

P o lic e arraa t a N u aaa a u p p o ria r at SL D a o r^ a 's Catr>ecrai. C a p e T o w n .

. By 1972 the nciion ofblack e o n ao o u i-en had

. expanded to the p o ’n! where iu proposer:t felt the need to establUh s~

. rational polucal organha- lion. The Black People’s C o nven tion (B P C ) was formed by Saso and three

. religions groupings and waj presented t r Blaci peop le- as an alternative to v o r t r g

* w ith in th e a p a r th e id ayitem. BPC com m itted itself lo fasterirg the pride

‘ and self- drterrunation of• blacks and to -rejecting

apartheid institutions. A.aeries of communi y prt> jocu was asubtiahed, aa .w e ll aa a r a n g e o f , en te rp rise s - in ten d ed to promote the *econo*ric ad-

. vance merrf o> tha bUck people as a wbo»a- . .

Two campaigna saa nd o u tf as the significant in BPC and Saso hoaory. The first w u the 1972 ‘May Revolt’, ’

‘where Saso launched a national student boycott on the blecic campuaei over the expulsion of 1 iro from

| ’T u rflo o p for critic ising i white control o v r ' biark

T>e aecond was tna *Vlva FreJimo' rmlliea caJlec to celebrate Ihe independence of M o arrb iq u * In 1974. Although these rallies were banned by the aut.x)rtliev atudenu deT»ed the ban and went ahead in Ihe face of a police presence a ilu rfio o p and in Natal.

While Saso and BPC became sctrve at the public level and in the m edo. lit Je w e n t i n t o c o n c r e t e orgamaalion at ths gras* arooti. They did not h rv t a d e a r programme of action and became preoccupied with foatering pride and se lf-d ep en d en ce , ra th e r than political power.

Their failure lo define a relationship lo the long- e s ia b l is h e d . r e s is ta n c e orgirua*'.ioru meant thatthey aoon cam e to be seen as a th ird force' — an alter­native to both the ANC and ihe F A C E irly in Ihe htslcry of the two organisa­tions, elements wtilun ihem be,«n to explore new Ideas and attempt to direct them in a more progieaarve direc­tion.

In 1973 and 1974 over 100

OUO buck w onted io w r ed %■ tools in the tug* a n»twava w hich i * i : th a r-co u n try . It a r . ^ e d up ^deficiencies in S*jo and >fB?C as well « u ^u iax ^

Saso and BPC found f* themae'ves with *rm Unksand liltle stated rrrerest m fr.the plight of IK black £worker. SaaO was severely ^ConstTjned, *7 sU n £ a d jo n againa It c j e n u re ^ r l executive was nasaad m1773 and 12 laK im were hput on trial Ihe a ce year. ►

1 hough Nuias pr?v td lo be qujckar lo icc o n d lo t h e - r i s e In w o r k e r m ll l l a o c y . It w a i c o t without ks pfoblec*. ( . , I" T h e r a e a s e u R a r i in I'*

Nusaa after th* tw rk a:u- fj> denr breakaway brought * ' new ideas the: j o » ac- ■.v. llv ity w ai aim j*y n o t enough — It had xr be ac- l f ; cocipanled by aooa. action, v j

Wages ComnuBCw act up on the N jsa j ca^puscs in 1971 and 1972 >*»ec an tm porunt role in e u tiC.y years o f b lack w orker organuaiion. t' .

r>But a lick of e i?orcugfc iv ‘

analyui of Iheir «»■? poa»-

T*'

one o f the two n*Uon*J Kructurea to amerge. It waj formed a t t m iio n il youth s e m in a r k a ld in K ing . W ilU am alow n . In 1973. Delegaiea from "the Tra/v w a il, W e aa m Cape, Nalal and th e i o r d a r r e g i o n d eo d cd vo form t nation*1 - or^anuatioo which couid 1 draw i u u w i ;y W k k n ttj work-in| youth and ich o d

.atudenti into t programme 1 Including leadership train- | ing. la.ifuage tuition and cultural actr-H**.

Nayo oeve: developed i n to e t r u ly n a t io n a l o rg a m ie u o .. R ather,-, it rem ained » Io o k federation of re?io<»! yoclh strut*

• tures, ihe itrongeal being in •the TVanavaaJ.- .% '■ •• • ■** v" lu *i^f J»c»nce lsy more in the bdeai that developed within iL M iliury force and the pc ent a! of the Wack labour fo rts to cripple the econcm ; fea ^ red or. the M cnc* of oo’.ucal di*o*-

. The «3H xncy and rg o u r o f th e p r ja n is s l io n at* crav ed •conjK’erah.e U t» *:ie .i.ou an»j in 1971 and I i l j O oxcn i o f N ayo

A a m n o t a u g f e r v j n f w h e n I M T w e a r e in I H i t e 0 1 *. c m war in M dantianc. Defenceless people t n being *:

bniufty beaten. detained at random, killed and’houoded aL becauaa they refuse to nde on the bases owned by the Cfcad Transport Corporation. Nothing wit* fon» therr ic nde o r thoac bu*r» until their demanc* for lhe release o f ;

.ti l detameaa. the unbanning of lhe South African Allied W orten Union, and a ha’*, to ali atnx-.i.e* are m e'.' T he Q sk e i ru le n a n t h e m s e l f refusing to m ee t the £w

, mand* o f the paopte. R a th e ;. ti.e> c o n ir .u a to p re tsu n ae- m with th e ir arm y, vigilantes and a e c jn ly ponce.

.**, T ha oaa:hJ and sufTarlng ©•' my p * o p it e>d nci h a ro e r . M o d ar'y — th t situation did not star with our boynou o ' , i b j M **csu*« of In c n a a to bo* far** It i u n « ! in 19»J,

v h K ih t m ajority o f o u r p a o o it w*r» h t r d td InvO ©ni> 13 1 p«Tc«r: o f th t land. It a m i d to e. * i ih the passing o f ■,

. r r t x r « w v t l e g u : s t i c n t h a t d e p - .v e d u i o f l h e ri#hl t o f o r m *- tr» d < u n io n s . o w n h o u s e s , t a a e p a r t in g o v e r n m e n t , a .T d A ll. # -

t h e f r w t w h ic h h « v e b e e r , c o n d e m n e d t h t w o r l d o v * r f o r .’ •»

i h e t r b m : i n e q u a l i t y a n d i n h u n . u ^ t y .Ifce dem ocra tic m ovem ent in Sooth A frica h u for y e a n J

. fouf*" agrains: these basic inequalities — betw een lh e very -'/- ~ few am c own ev e r)th in g and the m ajority w ho ow n

n o cu rg but their labour. Against a system which puts the pow er to rule in the hands o f thoae sam e few peop le , and i j f x the range o f ur.just k w i used to m ain tain thts tnw . ; ojaTuy^ • - • , - “A* : J*. f J v 5 -

T-

\\1____ a k t r u e t h a t t h e w o r k e n a r e t h t m o » t c o n s c i o t o

- - e l e r * ™ m n d p r o v i d e t h e b a c k b o n e o f t h e o p p o a i t i o n . It

f . d o a b o : m e a n t h a t S x a w - b in t h e f o r e f r o n t W o r k e n , v h a v e e v e r y r e / u o n t o b e k » d e n in t h i i b o y c o t t — t h e y a r e ■r: - t tK p e o p i e w h o r * y t h e b u i f e m , m n d p r o v i d e t h e i t u d e n t i

r - i o d u n e m p l o y e d w i t h t h e m o n e y I d t r a v e l . T h e y a r e t h e .1 p e o p ie w h o R ifT cr m e * i n d « o u k e u p t h e i n u e m a n a c -

i i n t • j . f .*j.V If the jovernm ents of G ikei arid South ATnca uncerety V f.W * • te ttlem ert to the u luebo r, they muB release all

memben of the Committee o f l e n to lv '-y cm negotiate with t l » eommunity. B m n ir j S »a*v is no »oiulion.

• '4 ,: t* 'peop le will never submit- They are d e te rm in e tc ►• ro ru ru e the boycott — fOTver, V need) be — until m«:- *3 te n ate K illed on the ir owp lerm i. On the baiit of the iV daerr-ination and unity 'of the pee r-: in M danuane. j

7 • , ■

t .he determinstion of the people is based on the lots of many fneods -and relstrves in the w»ke of the boycott.

■ They ««y the buses smell o f b lood, o f deten tion and e v e r y i b ^ else they despise, and they m «y not. even be

. prepared to ride the buses at aii — whether the fares a^e lowered or not. * •" * 1 / ' - « v

The people hsve shown theL- determination They fc*are braved to rrenu of rain, they have h

1 long efcsunee* to and from w o r t, they have had to face * Sebe’s guns and vigilantes. But they are not prepared to

• ride the buses Anymore. T hat is why we feel the Gakeian government should a: this point be p r tp tr c d to negotiate

■ with the le a d e n o f the peopie in the re fjo n . instead of U>- ‘ ing vxxence a i a s o l u t i o n i ^ V ^ ^ *•-

w .therefore appeal lo democrats throughout lhe world, bu* particularly South Afriana, to turn their attention not only or. putting a stop to the atrocities by the Sebe gdvern*

- menl. but to oppose the entire bantustan system. If w t are to avo«J aimiltr ntuatons happening elsewhere we must

'r remc'-e the cancer which causes the 'conflict the 'aparne^d system which is based on the bantu si anisation of -o u r iand .* ' : . v '-*•• • ! tail on al! democrats to oppose the bars on Saawu. -

• We demand lhe release of all d e tu n ees ., ..*» '• We ca!! for a united and democratic South Africa free of eapioiuljon and oppression. . . • • ‘ »W e call on democrats to support us in united action .'

_ _ b r South African AUiad W orken 4Jnion Continues this %.. tmfcticm- Our watchword has ahrays been ‘An Injury to one is an Injury to afl’. . f v • • r * "_ W e-are a trade union Com mi tied to w orten who are our memberv We stand of im p e n d e n t unions which c*n advance w o rten afam jt tha power of thoae who own the faaoriea.

We, n Saawu. hold the South African governm ent; \ direciry reapomibic for the bar^ We do not ace a d/vision b«« trt< lhe Oskei and Pretoria. V»*

^ Whea CSakeian inbependance was propoaed in th e Ule TCs 12k people o f this

- 'iheffncfvea and even thi - the South African government rtael

V Bo- the fovem m ent ifnored the'-a n d for as own ends granted independence to ti^ D a c a m b a r 1981. • • * ^ ? r 5 - r »

' j • . « , , *, S o U k S o u t h A f h c » n f o v a r a m e n : c a n n o l w a i h k i h a n d i

V o f t i n r t u a i i o r . W a fa* J k m i A b e h e ld

• ' a a c h a « : e v e r y a c t o f U v u a t i c t e o r r .m l n e d

^ p ie o f t h a i r e j i o a ’ * t - • '. * " W a b e d le v e t h a ! S a a w u , w » b a n n e d v -b e ! i* v e j t . i t b e h i n d t h e b u i b o y c o i t i . I c a n B a t e e l e a r t y

t h a t c a n o t T h e C o m i m r a i t y o r g a n i u t i o n i t h a m i e l v e a a r e in t n e i n d , e v e n t h o u g h tn o a i o f t h e C o m m l t t e a o f T e n u

* • '! » d r . e n u o n a t t h a t i m e . , . h < t - .

- v : < - i .’ * ' .

Collection Number: AK2117 DELMAS TREASON TRIAL 1985 - 1989 PUBLISHER: Publisher:-Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand Location:-Johannesburg ©2012

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