Chapter 3 Section 4Southern Colonies

George Calvert, Lord Baltimore Catholic Wanted a safe place for Catholics who were

persecuted in England Died before he received the grant His son, Cecilius, inherited the colony Named after the Virgin Mary.

Maryland

Chesapeake Bay; up the Potomac River Fertile countryside Tobacco Corn Fruit Vegetables Livestock

Maryland

Main settlement of Maryland

Had large estates for close relatives and aristocrats from England

Promised 100 acres to each male settler, 100 for his wife, 100 for each servant, 50 for each child

Also imported African slaves and indentured servants

Baltimore

MASON – DIXON LINE

Pennsylvania Maryland

Calvert and Penn families argued over boundary between the colonies.

1760s; hired two British astronomers

Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon

Rocks were painted to create a visual boundary line

Boundary line between the North and South

Protestants outnumbered Catholics in Maryland

Calvert had to create a law to protect the Catholics

This law allowed Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely.

ACT OF TOLERATION, 1649

VIRGINIA EXPANDS

William Berkeley

Wealthy tobacco owners in Virginia had the best lands near the coast.

New settlers were forced to move inland.

Governor Berkeley sent explorers over the Blue Ridge Mountains to open up the Virginia territory.

BACON’S REBLLION Arrived at Jamestown

when he was 26. Had gotten into a lot

of trouble in England and his father hoped that sending him to Virginia would straighten him out.

He was a cousin to the governor’s wife.

BACON’S REBELLION After only one year in

Virginia, he became a member of the governor’s council.

Previously, only wealthy land owners who had been in the colony for a period of time were allowed to be on the council.

BACON’S REBLLION Berkeley had told the

Native Americans that the settlers would stay off their lands.

Bacon, however, opposed the governor.

Many refused to stay out of the lands in the west.

BACON’S REBELLION 1676 Bacon led a rebellion of

westerners in an attack on Native American villages.

Then, he set fire to the capital and drove Berkeley into exile.

The rebellion ended when Bacon died.

Showed that the colonists were not willing to be restricted to the coast.

CAROLINAS 1663 King Charles II created a large colony south

of Virginia Named Carolina. This meant “Charles’

land.” 1680 – main settlement – Charles Town The colony eventually separated into North

and South Carolina

CAROLINAS

North Carolina

Settled mostly by farmers

Grew tobacco and sold timber products

Did not have a good harbor

Relied on Virginia’s ports and merchants to conduct their trade

CAROLINAS

South Carolina

Fertile farmland Great harbor at

Charles Town Eliza Lucas – page 89 Slave labor

◦ Island of Barbados◦ Slaves were used to

produce sugar on the island

◦ Worked rice fields in Carolina

◦ By 1708, more than half the people in southern Carolina were slaves

GEORGIA

James Oglethorpe

A colony for English debtors and poor people could make a fresh start

Also used as a buffer to the Spanish settlements in Florida

Savannah – main settlement

1751 colony failed and was given back to the crown

NEW FRANCE Quebec Fur trapping Trade Fishing Built forts and trading

posts Worked with the Native

Americans and became friends

No permanent settlements

NEW SPAIN Mexico, the Caribbean,

Central and South America.

Also expanded into western and southern parts of what would one day be the United States.

1609 / 1610 – established Santa Fe

Spanish priests created a string of missions to Christianize the Indians

EUROPEAN CONFLICTS IN NORTH AMERICA Britain and Spain Britain and France France and Spain When fighting broke

out in Europe, it would often break out between the colonists; especially those in Georgia and Florida