Upload
pierce-oliver
View
218
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Charles V
Charles V is a Hapsburg (one of the most important ruling families in Europe)
He controls Spain, Spanish colonies, parts of Italy, Austria, and the Netherlands
He is elected Holy Roman Emperor, controls much of Germany
A Powerful Spanish Empire
Charles V is a devout Catholic; he eventually withdraws from the monarchy to become a monk.
Divides his empire between Ferdinand (his brother), and Philip II (his son)
Ferdinand-Austria and HRE Philip II-Spain, colonies, Netherlands
Philip II’s Empire
He is shy, serious, religious, hardworking, also can be suspicious
Aggressive-he seizes Portugal Immensely wealthy
Defender of Catholicism
Religious conflict is ongoing in Spain between Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and Jews
Philip II tried to fight against Protestants and Muslims, felt it was his duty to protect Spain from non-Catholics
Golden Age of Spanish Art and Literature The Golden Age of Spanish art and
literature occurred during the 16th and 17th centuries
El Greco and Velazquez
El Greco “The Greek,” born in Crete He used bold colors, distorted
figures, expressed emotion Displayed deep Catholic faith
Diego Velazquez-pride of the Spanish monarchy, painted portraits of the royal family
Don Quixote
Miguel de Cervantes writes Don Quixote, which is a book about a poor Spanish nobleman who reads too many books and has wild ideas
Is he mocking chivalry, or is he a romantic idealist?
Known as the birth of the European novel
Inflation and Taxes
Inflation is a decrease in the value of money, combined with an increase in price Ex. $1 is now worth 80 cents; at the
same time, gas is going from $3/gal to $3.50
There are 2 factors in this case Increasing population, silver floods the
market
Expulsion of Jews and Muslims causes a problem as nobles did not pay taxes
Making Spain’s Enemies Rich Artisans (people making things with
their hands) must belong to guilds The guild system forces costs to go
up, which leads people to buy goods from other countries
Philip II is borrowing money to pay foreign debts.
The Dutch Revolt
The Spanish had to have an army in the Netherlands to control their colonists Culture clash
The Spanish raise taxes and attempt to crush Protestantism
Causes a full-fledged revolt, separate in 1579
Independent Dutch Prosper
The Netherlands become like the city of Florence during the Renaissance
Widespread feelings of religious toleration and republicanism
Dutch Art
Rembrandt-Greatest Dutch artist Jan Vermeer-Pioneered effects of
light and dark on painting
Dutch Trading Empire
The Dutch bought surplus grain from other European countries and held it for the right time
They were able to sell when demand was high and supply was low, so price was ________
They had the largest fleet of ships in the world in the 1600s
Theory of Absolutism
An absolute monarch wants to control every aspect of society
They believe in divine right to rule
Growing Power of Europe’s Monarchs KEY CONTRIBUTING FACTORS:::::::
Decline of feudalism Rise of cities Growth of national kingdoms Supported by middle class