SPANISH RULESPANISH RULE

“And the Spaniards Came bearing the

Cross and the Sword.”

• During European ships traveled around the world in search for new trading routes and partners to feed burgeoning capitalism in Europe.

OBJECTIVE: Europeans undertook explorations to seek spices, silk and gold

PORTUGAL AND SPAIN:PIONEERS IN EXPLORATION

• They are the most powerful nations in the They are the most powerful nations in the world at the time Spain had an empire in world at the time Spain had an empire in America while Portugal had an empire in America while Portugal had an empire in Asia.Asia.

Exploration begins in PortugalExploration begins in Portugal

• Monetarist- believe that Age of Exploration began was because of a severe shortage of bullion in Europe.

• The first great wave of expeditions was launched under Prince Henry(the navigator).

• Prince Henry main project was the exploration of the West Coast of Africa.

Decline of Portuguese Monopoly

• Portuguese exploration and colonization Portuguese exploration and colonization began continued despite the rivalry with began continued despite the rivalry with Spain.Spain.

• Portuguese became the first Westerners to Portuguese became the first Westerners to reach and trade with Japan. reach and trade with Japan.

• Under King Manuel l the Portuguese crown Under King Manuel l the Portuguese crown launched a scheme to keep control of the launched a scheme to keep control of the lands and trade routes. lands and trade routes.

• Their strategy was to build a series of forts.Their strategy was to build a series of forts.

• In 1580, the Spanish King Philip II became also as the King of Portugal, as rightful to the Crown after his cousin Sebastião died without sons.

End of ExplorationEnd of Exploration

• It was generally said to have ended in early 17th century.

• European vessels were well enough built and their navigators competent enough to travel to virtually anywhere on the planet.

• Africa's deep interior was not explored by Europeans until the mid to late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Portugal

• King Henry of Portugal opened a school of King Henry of Portugal opened a school of navigation. This aroused a keener interest navigation. This aroused a keener interest among explorers, map makers and geographers among explorers, map makers and geographers to travel abroad.to travel abroad.

• Portugal was able to establish an empire in the Portugal was able to establish an empire in the east following de Gama’s successful travels.east following de Gama’s successful travels.

• Francisco de Almeida and Alfonso del Francisco de Almeida and Alfonso del Albuquerque became even more ambitious. Albuquerque became even more ambitious.

ExplorerExplorer Place Discovered Place Discovered Year Year

Portuguese navigatorPortuguese navigator AzoresAzores 14311431

Gil EanesGil Eanes Cape BojadorCape Bojador 14341434

Antonio GonzalesAntonio Gonzales Cape BlancoCape Blanco 14411441

Dennis FernandezDennis Fernandez Cape Verde IslandCape Verde Island 14451445

Luigi Cadamosto Luigi Cadamosto Gulf of New GuineaGulf of New Guinea 14561456

Diego Gomez Diego Gomez Mouth of Zambia Mouth of Zambia RinaRina

14581458

Bartolome DiazBartolome Diaz Cape of Good HopeCape of Good Hope 14871487

Vasco de GamaVasco de Gama Calcutta, India Calcutta, India 14981498

Padre Alvares CabralPadre Alvares Cabral BrazilBrazil 15001500

SpainSpain

• In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabela In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabela gave Christopher Columbus of Genoa, gave Christopher Columbus of Genoa, permission to explore the new world in the name permission to explore the new world in the name of Spain.of Spain.

• Columbus was tasked to travel west in search of Columbus was tasked to travel west in search of a route to the east.a route to the east.

• In October 1492, Columbus discovered America In October 1492, Columbus discovered America and Cuba while traveling southward.and Cuba while traveling southward.

• Columbus called the natives Indians because he Columbus called the natives Indians because he thought he had reached India. thought he had reached India.

• Columbus continued with his travels in Columbus continued with his travels in 1493, 1498, & 1502. 1493, 1498, & 1502.

• He died without realizing that he had He died without realizing that he had discovered new territories.discovered new territories.

• Other explorers who set forth under the Other explorers who set forth under the Spanish flag were Vicente Pinzon who Spanish flag were Vicente Pinzon who reached Brazil in 1500, and Nunez de reached Brazil in 1500, and Nunez de Balboo who discovered the Pacific Ocean.Balboo who discovered the Pacific Ocean.

Agreements and the Papal Decree:Papal Line of Demarcation

• Pope Alexander VI issued a Papal decree in 1493. He divided the unknown parts of the world for exploration of the two rivals.

• Spain was granted the rights to all newly discovered lands west on the line.

• Portugal could claim all those to the east.

• But he gave the Spain the right to own islands in the east while Portugal vehemently objected to the changes and Treaty of Tordesillas was drawn in 1494.

• This treaty set another demarcation line running from the north to the south at 370 degrees west of Cape Verde.

• Under this new line, It stated too that all new territories to be discovered west of the demarcation line would belong to Spain, while all the territories east of the line would belong to Portugal.

Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas

Divisions of the World

Colonization and Colonization and EvangelizationEvangelization• Our ancestors lived a tranquil, peaceful life for a

long time bit this was shattered when Spaniards come.

• Numerous events in Europe led the Spaniards to travel into unknown lands in the Far East.

• In 476 A.D.- Rome fell into the hands of the tartars, the Muslim culture was ascending to its zenith.

• In the west, Aristotle and Ptolemy were saying the earth was round.

Ferdinand Magellan

• He had colorful experiences in He had colorful experiences in war and born in 1480 at war and born in 1480 at Sabrosa, Oporto, Portugal.Sabrosa, Oporto, Portugal.

• He rendered service in the He rendered service in the Asian wars and in colonizing Asian wars and in colonizing the Moluccas.the Moluccas.

• He married Beatriz Barbosa.He married Beatriz Barbosa.• In 1492, he was able to In 1492, he was able to

convinced King Charles I to convinced King Charles I to sent him an expedition.sent him an expedition.

Magellan’s ExpeditionMagellan’s Expedition

Magellan was given a fleet of five ships:Magellan was given a fleet of five ships:• Trinidad – the head of the expedition with Trinidad – the head of the expedition with

Magellan as a captain.Magellan as a captain.• San Antonio – led by Captain Juan de San Antonio – led by Captain Juan de

CartagenaCartagena• Santiago – led by Juan SerranoSantiago – led by Juan Serrano• Conception – led by Gaspar de QuesadaConception – led by Gaspar de Quesada• Victoria – led by Luis de MendozaVictoria – led by Luis de Mendoza

Facts about Magellan:Facts about Magellan:• He became one of the first individuals to cross He became one of the first individuals to cross all the meridians of the globe. all the meridians of the globe.

• He was the first person to lead an expedition He was the first person to lead an expedition sailing westward from Europe to Asia and to cross sailing westward from Europe to Asia and to cross the Pacific Ocean.the Pacific Ocean.

• Magellan should also be recognized as the first Magellan should also be recognized as the first European explorer to enter the Pacific from the European explorer to enter the Pacific from the Strait of Magellan, which he discovered. Strait of Magellan, which he discovered.

• He is also remembered as the first European to He is also remembered as the first European to reach the archipelago of what is now known as the reach the archipelago of what is now known as the Philippines.Philippines.

• He was the first known successful attempt to He was the first known successful attempt to circumnavigate the Earth. circumnavigate the Earth.

DateDate PlacePlace LeaderLeader EventsEvents

March 16, March 16, 15211521

HomonhonHomonhon 18 natives18 natives -Exchange goods and Exchange goods and fruits.fruits.

-Blood CompactBlood Compact

March 31, March 31, 15211521

LimasawaLimasawa Rajah Rajah KolambuKolambu

-First cross was -First cross was erected.erected.

-First mass by Fr. -First mass by Fr. ValderamaValderama

April 7, 1521April 7, 1521 CebuCebu Rajah Rajah HumanbonHumanbon

Blood compact and Blood compact and exchange of giftsexchange of gifts

April 14, 1521April 14, 1521 Cebu Cebu -the image of the Child -the image of the Child Jesus was given as a Jesus was given as a gift to Juanagift to Juana

April 27, 1521April 27, 1521 MactanMactan Lapu-lapuLapu-lapu -the battle of Mactan-the battle of Mactan

Magellan’s Expedition was very Magellan’s Expedition was very Important:Important:

• It proved that the earth was round

• The Pacific Ocean was discovered

• The Maloccus Island was discovered

• The Strait of Magellan was found

• New trade routes between the east and west were found

• The Philippine became a colony of Spain

Magellan’s Expedition held an Magellan’s Expedition held an Equal Significance :Equal Significance :

• It paved the way for the country to It paved the way for the country to become a colony of Spainbecome a colony of Spain

• Filipino culture was further enriched by Filipino culture was further enriched by western culturewestern culture

• The previously unnamed archipelago The previously unnamed archipelago earned a place in the world map and earned a place in the world map and was given the name Islas Filipinas.was given the name Islas Filipinas.

Battle of Mactan:Symbol of the First Independence

• ““No one would become slave, unless he No one would become slave, unless he allowed himself to become one” – Jose allowed himself to become one” – Jose RizalRizal

• Thus, this battle proved the Filipinos Thus, this battle proved the Filipinos inherent love for freedom and it became a inherent love for freedom and it became a shining symbol of our first struggle against shining symbol of our first struggle against foreign conqueror.foreign conqueror.

• Was fought in the Philippines on April 27, Was fought in the Philippines on April 27, 1521.1521.

• Lapu-lapu was the chieftain in Mactan-Lapu-lapu was the chieftain in Mactan-island. He defeated Magellan, the island. He defeated Magellan, the Portuguese sea captain and explorer.Portuguese sea captain and explorer.

Treaty of ZaragozaTreaty of Zaragoza

• Signed on April 22, 1529Signed on April 22, 1529

• A new demarcation line was fixedA new demarcation line was fixed

• All lands located east of the line would All lands located east of the line would belong to Portugal while those to the west belong to Portugal while those to the west of it to Spain.of it to Spain.

• Unknown to Portugal, this treaty was disadvantageous to them due to knowledge of geography was quite limited at that time.

Challenges to Spanish Power

• Portugal

• China

• Dutch

• Great Britain

• Japanese

Portugal

• In Sept. 1568, the Portuguese led by Gonzalo de Percisa attacked Cebu but they failed due to an epidemic and was followed an attack in 1570, but the Filipinos helped the Spaniards drive the Portuguese away.

• Portugal’s interest in the Philippines waned when Spain and Portugal were united and became Iberia in 1580 under the reign of King Philip II.

China• Limahong, a Chinese pirate, to try to capture

Manila• Limahong landed in the place on Nov. 1574. They

met by Goiti and his troops. • Goiti was killed in the battle. General Guido de

Lavesares took advantage of Limahong’s delay and prepared his troops in Manila. They were able to defeat Limahong.

• Again in December, Limahong made a second attempt to capture Manila.

• The Chinese revolted because of The Chinese revolted because of restrictions. The revolts lasted from 1603 restrictions. The revolts lasted from 1603 up to 1792. But the rebellions were always up to 1792. But the rebellions were always subdued because the Filipinos helped the subdued because the Filipinos helped the Spaniards. Spaniards.

Dutch

• A number of them was killed by the Spaniards A number of them was killed by the Spaniards because of their religion which was because of their religion which was Protestantism. Protestantism.

• In 1581, the Dutch successfully set up their own In 1581, the Dutch successfully set up their own republic.republic.

• The Dutch were traders by occupation and their The Dutch were traders by occupation and their engaged in a thriving trading industry in Lisbon, engaged in a thriving trading industry in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.the capital of Portugal.

• King Philip II ordered the closure of Lisbon to the King Philip II ordered the closure of Lisbon to the Dutch. Dutch.

• The Dutch tried to capture the archipelago. The Dutch tried to capture the archipelago.

• Several Dutch warships came to the Philippines, but all of them were repelled by the Spaniards with the help of the Filipinos.

• Dutch attacks on the Philippines finally stopped when a peace agreement was signed in Westphalia in 1684. In this treaty, Spain completely recognized the independence of Protestant Netherlands.

Great Britain

• Because of Spanish Involvement in the war, England decided to attacked the Philippines.

• On Sept. 22, 1762, a British fleet from India, and headed by Gen. William Draper and Adm. Samuel Carvish steamed toward Manila Bay.

• When seven years war was over, Great Britain returned the Philippines to Spain. This was in 1764.

Japanese

• Hideyoshi was a Japanese leader who feared it Hideyoshi was a Japanese leader who feared it would signal the colonization of Japan by the would signal the colonization of Japan by the Spaniards.Spaniards.

• He banned the missionaries entering the country He banned the missionaries entering the country and he announced that he would capture the and he announced that he would capture the Philippines.Philippines.

• The Spanish Gov. Gen, Gomez Perez de The Spanish Gov. Gen, Gomez Perez de Dasmarines prepared for war, but it did not occur.Dasmarines prepared for war, but it did not occur.

• Hideyoshi died before he could launch an attack.Hideyoshi died before he could launch an attack.• A Japanese community was created in Dilao, just A Japanese community was created in Dilao, just

outside of Intamuros and later transferred to Paco. outside of Intamuros and later transferred to Paco.