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GeographyGeography
In a valley surrounded by In a valley surrounded by mountains.mountains.
Rich, fertile soil.Rich, fertile soil.
How does Sparta benefit from the How does Sparta benefit from the surrounding mountains?surrounding mountains?
Societal OrganizationSocietal Organization
Top- KingsTop- Kings
Upper Middle – CitizensUpper Middle – Citizens
Lower Middle - PerioikoiLower Middle - Perioikoi
Bottom - HelotsBottom - Helots
Plato: “The organization of your state is Plato: “The organization of your state is that of an army camp, not a town.”that of an army camp, not a town.”
SpartaSparta
Citizens were free males who were Citizens were free males who were at least 30 years old at least 30 years old
All Citizens could vote in the All Citizens could vote in the assemblyassembly
All Citizens, who reached the age All Citizens, who reached the age of 60, joined the Council of Eldersof 60, joined the Council of Elders
Council of Elders proposed laws to Council of Elders proposed laws to the assemblythe assembly
Government –OligarchyGovernment –Oligarchy– The rule of a fewThe rule of a few– Small groups makes all the Small groups makes all the
decisions (Votes were made decisions (Votes were made by shouting)by shouting)
– 2 Kings and 28 citizens 2 Kings and 28 citizens (Council of Elders)(Council of Elders)
Council of Elders
Assembly
Proposed laws
Voted for laws
Spartan SocietySpartan Society
Focus on the Focus on the PhysicalPhysical– Military Class Military Class
SystemSystem– Feared Helots Feared Helots
(slaves)(slaves) Outnumbered 10-Outnumbered 10-
11
continuecontinue
Life revolved around Life revolved around toughness & militarytoughness & military– Sickly babies left to dieSickly babies left to die– 7-30 in military training7-30 in military training– 20 – Regular military but able to 20 – Regular military but able to
marrymarry Lived in barracksLived in barracks
Spartan WomenSpartan Women
– Trained for physical Trained for physical endurance (fit endurance (fit mothers, fit babies)mothers, fit babies)
– Ran farms while the Ran farms while the men foughtmen fought
Lifestyles of the Lifestyles of the Spartan CitizenSpartan Citizen
No jewelryNo jewelry
No precious No precious metalsmetals
Only necessary Only necessary possesionspossesions
Values of the Spartan Values of the Spartan CitizenCitizen Unquestioning Unquestioning
ObedienceObedience
CourageCourage
Indifference to Indifference to pain, cold or heatpain, cold or heat
How did they live as How did they live as invincible warriors?invincible warriors?
Never risked a battle they Never risked a battle they thought they could not winthought they could not win
Only distinction is military honor Only distinction is military honor in battlein battle
Spartan “Childhood”Spartan “Childhood”
Only necessary schoolingOnly necessary schooling
Provoked to fightProvoked to fight
Taken from home at sevenTaken from home at seven
Put in herdsPut in herds
““To bring these things they steal, To bring these things they steal, some going into gardens and some going into gardens and others insinuating themselves others insinuating themselves dangerously and cautiously into dangerously and cautiously into the men’s messes. If anyone is the men’s messes. If anyone is caught, he is given many lashes caught, he is given many lashes with the whip”with the whip”
Helots – Sparta’s Helots – Sparta’s ProblemProblem Constantly feared uprisingConstantly feared uprising
Spartan boys spied on themSpartan boys spied on them
Attacked them regularlyAttacked them regularly
Had to keep standing army to Had to keep standing army to maintain themmaintain them
What is Spartan art?What is Spartan art?
Poetry incites warriors to fightPoetry incites warriors to fight
Music was for war and religionMusic was for war and religion
Even art depicts the gods in Even art depicts the gods in chainschains
Spartan vs. Non Spartan vs. Non Spartan PoetrySpartan Poetry Is anything worth dying for? If so, Is anything worth dying for? If so,
what?what?
““Shove your shield in the face of Shove your shield in the face of the enemy, hating life and the enemy, hating life and embracing death’s dark spirits embracing death’s dark spirits like the sun’s rays . . .” Tyrtaeuslike the sun’s rays . . .” Tyrtaeus