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Chapter Intro 2
Section 1: Municipal Government in North Carolina
People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals. Municipal governments—city governments—provide many services to North Carolinians.
Chapter Intro 2
Section 2: County Government
People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals. Each of North Carolina’s counties is both a local government and a kind of branch office for the state government.
Chapter Intro 2
Section 3: Government Finances
Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. North Carolina governments at the state and local levels create budgets for operating their governments every year.
Section 1-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals.
Section 1
Structure and Organization
Local governments are created by the state.
Section 1
Structure and Organization (cont.)
• The two basic types of local government are counties and municipalities.
• Counties:
– Largest territorial and political subdivision
– Each has a county seat
– 100 counties in North Carolina
Section 1
Structure and Organization (cont.)
• Municipalities:
– Cities, towns, or villages
Section 1
Structure and Organization (cont.)
• Counties and Municipalities:
– Legislative, executive, and most have judicial branches of local government
– Can raise money through taxes and spend public funds
– Can pass ordinances
Section 1
Structure and Organization (cont.)
• The General Assembly creates North Carolina’s local governments and decides what authority and responsibility they have.
Section 1
Municipalities
Municipalities are units of government—cities, towns, and villages—that have legal rights granted by the state through their charters.
Section 1
Municipalities (cont.)
• North Carolina has more than 540 cities, towns, and villages.
• Each city, town, and village has been has been incorporated as a municipality by the state and has received a charter.
• Some municipalities have “home rule” authority.
• Cities can expand through annexation.
Population Change
Section 1
Municipalities (cont.)
• Each municipality elects its own governing board such as a city council.
• Elections of the governing board may be by district, at-large, or a combination of both.
• Most municipalities in North Carolina have a mayor who presides over meetings.
• Except for the smallest municipalities, most have a council-manager system.
Section 2-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals.
Section 2
Governing the Counties
The county is normally the largest territorial and political subdivision of a state.
Section 2
Governing the Counties (cont.)
• North Carolina counties:
– Set local public policy
– Carry out certain state guidelines and laws
– Governed by county boards of commissioners
Section 2
Governing the Counties (cont.)
• County boards of commissioners:
– Three to as many as eleven elected members
– Two- or four-year terms depending on the county
– Include a chairperson
Section 2
Governing the Counties (cont.)
• The board of county commissioners has general responsibilities for county policies.
• Independent boards created by the General Assembly oversee specific services that the state requires the counties to provide.
• Each of the 116 local education authorities (LEAs) has its own board.
Councils of Government
Section 2
County Offices
The state of North Carolina provides county governments with a variety of organizational structures.
Section 2
County Offices (cont.)
• Most counties use a professional manager to administer the policies and services that the board has established.
• County managers run some county departments.
Section 2
County Offices (cont.)
• Departments not reporting through a county manager include:
– Sheriff’s department
– Department of the register of deeds
– Independent boards
Major Services Providedby Local Government
Section 2
County Offices (cont.)
• A special district is a unit of government that deals with a specific function.
Section 3-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.
Section 3
The State Budget Process
State officials must create a balanced budget each year.
Section 3
The State Budget Process (cont.)
• Two parts of a budget:
– Revenues
– Expenditures
Section 3
The State Budget Process (cont.)
• All state and local governments in North Carolina use a July 1–June 30 fiscal year.
• The General Assembly adopts a biennial, or two-year budget, in each odd-numbered year.
Section 3
The State Budget Process (cont.)
• The process of passing a budget:
– The governor proposes a balanced budget to the General Assembly.
– The General Assembly studies it and revises it.
– The General Assembly passes the revised budget.
Balancing the Budget
Section 3
The State Budget Process (cont.)
• Schools and health and human services make up over half of all expenditures.
• Income tax provides over half of all revenues.
• Any budget surpluses can be either spent or put into rainy day fund.
North Carolina State Budget, 2006–2007
Section 3
The State Budget Process (cont.)
• North Carolina governments can not borrow money for their operating expenses.
• State and local governments can borrow money for capital projects.
Taxes Per Capital*, Selected States, 2006
Section 3
Municipal and County Budgets
Local governments face many of the same financial pressures that the state government faces.
Section 3
Municipal and County Budgets (cont.)
• Local governments are required to pass a balanced budget by the beginning of each fiscal year (July 1).
Craven County Budget, FY 2006
Section 3
Municipal and County Budgets (cont.)
• Local expenditures include:
– Utilities
– Public safety
– Education
– Human services
Section 3
Municipal and County Budgets (cont.)
• Local revenues include:
– Utility user fees
– Property taxes
– Sales tax
– Intergovernmental revenues
VS 1
Local Government
• Counties and municipalities are the two basic types of government in North Carolina.
• Counties and municipalities have different responsibilities.
• Counties and municipalities provide many services to North Carolina’s citizens.
• The General Assembly decides what powers local governments have.
VS 2
Municipalities
• North Carolina has more than 540 cities, towns, and villages.
• Cities, towns, and villages are municipalities.
• Each city, town, and village has been incorporated as a municipality by the state.
• Each North Carolina municipality has a governing board that may be called the council, the board of commissioners, or the board of aldermen.
• Voters who live in each municipality elect its governing board.
VS 3
Counties
• The General Assembly has divided North Carolina into 100 counties.
• The major governing board is the board of county commissioners.
• The voters of the counties elect the commissioners.
VS 4
Financing Government
• State officials must create a balanced budget for operating their government each year.
• Borrowing provides lawmakers with additional funds for capital purchases but it also has disadvantages.
• Local governments face many of the same financial pressures as the state government faces.
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Vocab1
county
normally the largest territorial and political subdivision of a state
Vocab2
county seat
a town where the county courthouse is located
Vocab3
ordinance
a law, usually of a city or county
Vocab4
incorporate
to receive a state charter, officially recognizing the government of a locality
Vocab5
charter
a written document granting land and the authority to set up colonial governments; or a government document granting permission to organize a corporation
Vocab6
home rule
allows cities to write their own charters, choose their own type of government, and manage their own affairs
Vocab7
at-large election
an election for an area as a whole; for example, statewide
Vocab8
estimate
to judge the approximate nature, value, quality, or amount of a thing
Vocab9
expand
to increase in size or amount
Vocab10
professional
engaging or working in a profession
Vocab11
public policy
the course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem
Vocab12
special district
a unit of government that deals with a specific function, such as education, water supply, or transportation
Vocab13
guideline
an outline or guide for a future course of action
Vocab14
balanced budget
annual budget in which expenditures equal revenues
Vocab15
revise
to correct or improve
Vocab16
convince
to persuade through argument or evidence
Vocab17
portion
a share or part of a whole
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