Spring Meadows Public

School

Practice Assignment - 1 :

2020-21

Grade- v Subject –

Science

Growing Plants

Introduction

• Plant is very important for us and all other life forms. We cannot live without plants. Plants give lot

of things, like food, oil, medicine, clothes, oxygen which we breathe in, etc. Our life depends on plants so we should grow more and more plants.

Growing plants from seeds

• From where we get seeds??

Fruits generally have seeds which produce new plants. Some fruits like mango, peach and plum, have one seeds

and some fruits like lemon, papaya, orange and watermelon, have many seeds.

Q Can you name some seeds that we eat.

1) Pulses 2) Rice

Structure Of Seed

• Seed Coat:

A seed has an outer covering. This outer covering of a seed is called seed coat. Seed coat protects the baby plant inside the seed. The seed coat has a tiny hole, called MICROPYLE, through which the seed gets water.

• Cotyledons:

The swollen part of seed is called cotyledons. It store food for the baby plant.

• Embryo or Young plant

The plant embryo, sometimes called the seedembryo, is the part of a

seed or bud that contains the earliest forms of a plant’s roots, stem

and leaves. The embryo develops after a fertilized adult plant flowers,

and is generally contained within a seed or bud.

• Seedling or Baby plant:

A seed produces a baby plants. A baby plant is also known as seedling

Internal Stucture Of A Seed

(i) Two Types of Seeds

• Monocot and dicot differ in their roots, stem, leaves, flowers and seeds. The main difference between monocot and dicot is that monocot contains a single cotyledon in its embryo whereas dicot contains twocotyledons in its embryo.

• Monocot plants seeds have one cotyledon. Rice, wheat, maize, bamboo, palm.

• Peas, almonds and cashews are examples of dicotyledons or dicot seeds.

Germination

Steps Of Germination

• (a) Seed gets water from soil and air, and heat from atmosphere.

• (b) Seed coat breaks

• (c) A baby plant emerges.

• (d) The baby plant develops roots and a shoots.

• (e) With the growth in size, baby plant develops leaves.

• (f) The cotyledons shrink and disappear.

Dispersal of Seeds

How do seeds disperse?• Seeds are dispersed in many

ways to places far away from their parent plant.Some of them are as follows:-

1. Dispersal by wind2. Dispersal by water3. Dispersal by animals4. Dispersal by explosion

(a) Dispersal By Wind

• Wind helps to carries seeds far away from the parent plants. Seeds of some plants, like Dandelion, and Cotton

are very light. Such plants have wing and hair on their seeds. These wings help seeds to float with wind. Wind disperse to other place far from parent plants.

(b) Dispersal by water

• Many plants such as coconut, lotus, etc. disperse their seeds by water. Seeds of such plants are spongy or having fibrous covering, which helps them to float on water.

(c) Dispersal by Animals

• Human, animals and birds are help to dispersal of seeds. Animals and humans being eat some fruits and throw

away the seeds, which grow into new plants. Seeds of many plants pass through the digestive system of animals and birds. Seeds remain undigested in animals stomach and are dispersed to other areas by droppings

(d) Dispersal by Explosion

• Fruits of some plants like pea, bean and poppy burst open when they are ripen, scattering the seeds in all directions. This mechanism of seed dispersal is called explosion.

Parts of plants which grow into new plant

1. Roots that can grow into new plants:- There are many plants that can grow with the help of root. For example: Carrot, radish, turnip, beetroot and dahlia, etc. grow with the help of root. A new plant can be grown from the top portion of a carrot.

2. Stem that can grow into new plants:- Potato is a special kind of stem, which grows underground. It has buds called ‘eye’ on its surface. Any piece of potato with an eye can grow into a new plant.

Rose, money plant and hibiscus, etc. can grow into a new plant with a stem cutting of a mother plants.

3. Leaves can grow into a new plants:- Bryophyllum leaves: A

complete plants can be grown from these leaves if they are

placed in moist soil.

4. Growing plants from spores:-Fungi and fern do not have

seeds they have a tiny structure called spores. Mushrooms and other fungi, and ferns reproduce with the help of spores.

Agriculture

• The practice of growing plants on a large scale for food or other purposes is called agriculture.

Places in India where Agriculture is practiced:-

• Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram,

Arunachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Andhra Pradesh.

Steps of Agriculture

• (1) Farmers prepare their fields to sow the seeds. They first dig the upper layer of soil to loosen and make it soft. This process is called ploughing.

• (2) Manure is added to the soil.

• (3)Seeds are sown. It is necessary to drop the right amount of seeds at regular distance for proper growth of plants.

• (4) After growing of plants, the field is irrigated.

• (5) Pesticides are sprayed to protect the crops. Pesticide is a type of chemical which kills harmful insects and protect crops from getting die or damaged by those insects and animals.

• (6) After ripening crops are harvested. Cutting and gathering of ripened crops is called harvesting.

Crops

• The plants of the same kind that are grown in a particular area or region at a particular season are called crops.

• The crops can be classified in to two groups:-

Kharif Crops:- For example: rice and maize are kharif

crops and are grown in rainy season.

Rabi Crops:- For example: wheat, beans, and legumes, etc.

Difference in two types of Crops

Kharif Crops

• Kharif crops, which are also known as monsoon crops, are the crops which are grown during the monsoon or rainy season. Their seeds are sown at the beginning of the monsoon season and the crops are harvested at the end of the monsoon season.

• Example:- Rice , Cotton ,etc.

Rabi Crops• Rabi crops, which are also

known as winter crops, are the crops that are grown in the winter season. Their seeds are sown at the beginning of the winter season and crop is harvest at the end of the winter season or in the spring season.

Examples:- Potatoes , Wheat,etc

Worksheets

Name:- ............. Roll no. :- ............ Class/Sec:-..........

I. Fill in the blanks :

1. Roots of some plants not only store food but also produce new plants.

They are known as _________________.

2. Seeds which have only one cotyledon are known as _______________.

3. Seeds which have two cotyledons are known as _______________.

4. The spot where the seed is attached to the plant is known as

_______________.

5. The process of spreading seed to different places is called

_______________.

6. The practice of growing crops on a large scale for food or other purpose

is termed as _______________.

7. The growth of tissues or cells separated from the organism is known as

_______________.

8. The chemicals used to destroy harmful insects on plants are called

_______________.

9. The baby plant is also known as _______________.

10. _______________ is a bulb shaped underground stem.

Short Answer Questions

• Question: 1. Write the name of seed that is dispersed by air.

• Question: 2. Write the name of seed that is dispersed by water.

• Question: 3. Write the name of seed that is dispersed by animals.

• Question: 4. What is the name of process by which a seed grows into a seedling.

• Question: 5. What is the name of process of seed dispersal when a ripe fruit bursts open?

Long Question Answer

• Question: 1. What is dispersal of seed?

• Question: 2. How do animals help in

dispersal of seeds?

• Question: 3. What are the special features by which potatoes grow into plants?

Enrichment Activity - 1• Practical activity

Aim:- To grow a new plant from the root of sweet potato/potato.

Method:- Take a sweet potato/potato and place it in a glass filled

three - fourths of water with the help of some toothpicks as

Shown in the adjacent figure keep this glass in an open space, so

that it can get fresh air and sunlight. After a few days , a new plant

grows out of it .

Conclusion:- Some roots can grow into new plant.

Q2 : Write an article on Health and Hygiene . (100 – 150words)