Spring Semester FinalSpring Semester FinalEssay’s:Essay’s:

Cause and effectCause and effectComparisonComparison

Map testMap testMultiple Choice TestMultiple Choice Test

Spring Final S.G.Spring Final S.G.

Know for the finalKnow for the final Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

• Where did it begin? Why there?Where did it begin? Why there?

What were the short term and long term What were the short term and long term effects of industrialization?effects of industrialization?• Short term effects:Short term effects:• Long term effects:Long term effects:

AGE OF INDUSTRYAGE OF INDUSTRYCH. 12 AND 13.1CH. 12 AND 13.1PAGES 374-401PAGES 374-401

Standard: Standard: Strand 2: World History; Concept 6: Age of Revolution; PO 6: Analyze Strand 2: World History; Concept 6: Age of Revolution; PO 6: Analyze the social, political, and economic development and impact of the the social, political, and economic development and impact of the Industrial Revolution:Industrial Revolution:

a. origins in England’s textile and mining industries.a. origins in England’s textile and mining industries.b. urban growth and the social impact of industrializationb. urban growth and the social impact of industrializationc. unequal spread of industrialization to other countriesc. unequal spread of industrialization to other countriesd. political and economic theories (nationalism, anarchism, d. political and economic theories (nationalism, anarchism,

capitalism, socialism)capitalism, socialism)

Please open your textbook to page Please open your textbook to page 374374

As a class we will read the Storyteller…As a class we will read the Storyteller… We will brainstorm the historical significance We will brainstorm the historical significance

questions.questions.

Terms, people, and events to know for Terms, people, and events to know for Industrial Revolution: Ch. 12Industrial Revolution: Ch. 12

Vocabulary:Vocabulary:

1.1. Domestic systemDomestic system

2.2. Enclosure movementEnclosure movement

3.3. CapitalCapital

4.4. EntrepreneurEntrepreneur

5.5. Factory systemFactory system

6.6. Industrial capitalismIndustrial capitalism

7.7. Interchangeable partsInterchangeable parts

8.8. Division of laborDivision of labor

9.9. PartnershipPartnership

10.10. CorporationCorporation

11.11. DepressionDepression

12.12. Labor union-tacticsLabor union-tactics

13.13. Collective bargainingCollective bargaining

PeoplePeople Eli WhitneyEli Whitney James WattJames Watt Robert FultonRobert Fulton Frederick TaylorFrederick Taylor Henry FordHenry Ford Samuel MorseSamuel Morse Alexander Graham Alexander Graham

BellBell Thomas EdisonThomas Edison Rudolf DieselRudolf Diesel Wilbur and Orville Wilbur and Orville

WrightWright

Dates for the Industrial RevolutionDates for the Industrial RevolutionPut these dates on your timeline: inventions, events, etc.Put these dates on your timeline: inventions, events, etc. Section 2: Section 2:

1700-18001700-1800 17791779 17871787 17931793 18011801 18041804 18071807

Section 3:Section 3: 17891789 18761876 18951895 19041904

Section 4:Section 4: 17991799 18001800 1820’s1820’s 1870’s1870’s

1700 1770 1800 1810 1830 1860 1890 19201700 1770 1800 1810 1830 1860 1890 1920

Please read Ch. 12.1:pages 376-378 Please read Ch. 12.1:pages 376-378 Living From the LandLiving From the Land

In this section please take our regular format of In this section please take our regular format of notes onnotes on VocabularyVocabulary peoplepeople information –life before industrialization, what were information –life before industrialization, what were

the early industries, and where most people lived the early industries, and where most people lived before industrialization.before industrialization.

If you finish before others please begin reading If you finish before others please begin reading Ch. 12.2– pages 379-382.Ch. 12.2– pages 379-382. As you read write information on the people and As you read write information on the people and

terms included in this section.terms included in this section.

Thursday 1/23Thursday 1/23RAPRAP

Open your textbook to page 381.Open your textbook to page 381.

Read “An Industrial City” geography.Read “An Industrial City” geography.

1.1. How did Manchester become an industrial city?How did Manchester become an industrial city?1.1. Do you think what happened to Manchester can be called Do you think what happened to Manchester can be called

progress? Explain.progress? Explain.

2.2. How do cities compare today with cities of the How do cities compare today with cities of the 1800s?1800s?

Today:Today:

1.1. Review Ch. 12.1 and preview Ch. 12.2Review Ch. 12.1 and preview Ch. 12.2

2.2. Read Ch. 12.2 and take notes on people and terms.Read Ch. 12.2 and take notes on people and terms.

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution Industrial Revolution began when power-driven machinery in factories Industrial Revolution began when power-driven machinery in factories

replaced work done in homes.replaced work done in homes. Life before IRLife before IR —harsh, people lived the way their ancestors had for —harsh, people lived the way their ancestors had for

hundreds of years.hundreds of years. Relied almost solely on farming.Relied almost solely on farming. Families remained relatively small because of a high death rate.Families remained relatively small because of a high death rate. Life expectancy was around 40 years of age.Life expectancy was around 40 years of age. Only 25% of Europeans lived in towns.Only 25% of Europeans lived in towns.

Industrial Revolution began in Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1700s.Great Britain in the 1700s. Early industry:Early industry:

Domestic system– wool industry; depended on a network of workers; Domestic system– wool industry; depended on a network of workers; Mining coal— coal fields under farm fields– people worked both.Mining coal— coal fields under farm fields– people worked both.

The Industrial Revolution occurred in several stages, each of which was The Industrial Revolution occurred in several stages, each of which was dependent upon the previous stage.dependent upon the previous stage.

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Cottage IndustryCottage Industry Factory SystemFactory System Steam Engine Steam Engine

Traditional or Pre-Industrial SocietyTraditional or Pre-Industrial Society Farming in the Middle AgesFarming in the Middle Ages

Villages feed themselves Villages feed themselves One of three fields left fallow One of three fields left fallow

(empty) to regain fertility(empty) to regain fertility Animals grazed in common Animals grazed in common

pastures.pastures. Farmers did not experiment with Farmers did not experiment with

new farming methods.new farming methods. DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Land use was inefficientLand use was inefficient Farmers didn’t experiment with Farmers didn’t experiment with

new farming methods.new farming methods. Forces for ChangeForces for Change

Population growing – more food Population growing – more food needed.needed.

French blockade –no corn– more French blockade –no corn– more food needed. (Napoleon)food needed. (Napoleon)

The Agricultural Revolution Ch. 12.2The Agricultural Revolution Ch. 12.21.1. Enclosure MovementEnclosure Movement -pg. 379-pg. 379

Wealthy landlords Wealthy landlords fenced in common fenced in common pastures and experimented with new pastures and experimented with new farming technology.farming technology.

Villages lost common lands and Villages lost common lands and political power, peasants became political power, peasants became poorer.poorer.

Crop RotationCrop Rotation -pg. 379-pg. 379 Fields depleted of nutrients by one Fields depleted of nutrients by one

crop, replenished by planting different crop, replenished by planting different cropscrops

Fields not left fallowFields not left fallow Other DiscoveriesOther Discoveries

Seed drillSeed drill - -Planted seeds more Planted seeds more efficientlyefficiently

New cropsNew crops —corn and potatoes—corn and potatoes Results of Agricultural Results of Agricultural

RevolutionRevolution More foodMore food Population increasedPopulation increased

Cottage Industry = Early CapitalismCottage Industry = Early Capitalism MercantilismMercantilism------

Economic theory of the 1600sEconomic theory of the 1600s• Stated a nation should maintain and increase its wealth by exporting more Stated a nation should maintain and increase its wealth by exporting more

goods than it was importinggoods than it was importing Placed limits of purchasing goodsPlaced limits of purchasing goods

2. Cottage Industry2. Cottage Industry Merchants supplied Merchants supplied materials—wool and cotton to cottages to be materials—wool and cotton to cottages to be

carded and spun.carded and spun. Multiple cottages provided services to produce cloth; Multiple cottages provided services to produce cloth; supplies went supplies went

from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth.finished cloth.

Merchants sell product for more than material and labor costs= profit + Merchants sell product for more than material and labor costs= profit + larger investment = higher profitlarger investment = higher profit

CapitalismCapitalism-money to invest in labor, machines, and raw -money to invest in labor, machines, and raw materialsmaterials

An economic system based on private ownership, free competition, An economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profitand profit

Cottage industry is an example of early capitalismCottage industry is an example of early capitalism

Cottage IndustryCottage Industry

Effects of Cottage Effects of Cottage IndustryIndustry

•Big profits for Big profits for new class of new class of merchantsmerchants•Alternative Alternative source of income source of income for peasantsfor peasants

YouTube - Conan O'Brien, American Express - "Curtain“

3. TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND FACTORY 3. TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND FACTORY SYSTEMSYSTEM

Textile Industry inventedTextile Industry invented Cottage industry could not keep up with new demandCottage industry could not keep up with new demand Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule—all improved spinningSpinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule—all improved spinning Power loom sped up weavingPower loom sped up weaving Cotton gin separated seeds from Cotton gin separated seeds from cotton—Eli Whitneycotton—Eli Whitney

Rise of the Factory SystemRise of the Factory System Brought workers and machines together under the control of managers.Brought workers and machines together under the control of managers. Factories located near power source: coal, iron, waterFactories located near power source: coal, iron, water…..…..

• Waterways powered the machines and transported items.Waterways powered the machines and transported items. Led to the invention of the more efficient steam engineLed to the invention of the more efficient steam engine —help set —help set

industrial revolution into full motion.industrial revolution into full motion. Industrial developmentsIndustrial developments

Factory machinery increased demand for iron and steel.Factory machinery increased demand for iron and steel. Private companies began building and paving roads; led to drainage Private companies began building and paving roads; led to drainage

systems.systems. First modern canal built in 1761.First modern canal built in 1761. First practical Steam boat invented in 1807First practical Steam boat invented in 1807

Textile and FactoryTextile and FactoryEffects of Textile Factories in BritainEffects of Textile Factories in Britain

•Prices of mass-produced textiles Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand- produced were much lower than hand- produced itemsitems•Britain’s textile industry increased Britain’s textile industry increased enormouslyenormously•Majority of villagers forced to leave to Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in urban factories.find work in urban factories.

4. Steam Engine: Energy for the 4. Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

The The need for Energyneed for Energy Early factories relied on Early factories relied on

horses, oxen, and water horses, oxen, and water millsmills

Steam engine evolved Steam engine evolved in response to the in response to the increasing need for increasing need for powerpower

How the Steam Engine How the Steam Engine WorksWorks Steam forced from high Steam forced from high

to low pressure to low pressure produces power.produces power.

Steam EngineSteam EngineInvented by James Watt in the 1760s

Effect of Steam EngineEffect of Steam Engine•Steam power, used Steam power, used where ever coal where ever coal existedexisted•increased textile increased textile productionproduction•Improved mining Improved mining which increased which increased metals which in turn metals which in turn fueled other fueled other industries.industries.

Iron and Coal: Energy for the IRIron and Coal: Energy for the IR The The need for Ironneed for Iron

Farming tools, new factory Farming tools, new factory machinery, railwaysmachinery, railways

Smelting makes iron more pure, Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbonbut requires carbon

The The need for coalneed for coal Carbon necessary for smelting Carbon necessary for smelting

ironiron Steam engines powered by coalSteam engines powered by coal

Effect of Iron and CoalEffect of Iron and Coal Britain produced more iron than Britain produced more iron than

all other countries of the world all other countries of the world combinedcombined

Coal powered Britain’s enormous Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy.navy.

TransportationTransportation The need for better TransportationThe need for better Transportation

Increased production increased need Increased production increased need to transport goods quickly and cheaplyto transport goods quickly and cheaply

Pre-industrial society used horses, Pre-industrial society used horses, mules, and dirt roadsmules, and dirt roads

InventionsInventions Stone and eventually asphalt roadsStone and eventually asphalt roads CanalsCanals Railroad era ushered in with the Railroad era ushered in with the

Rocket in 1829Rocket in 1829 Effects of RREffects of RR

Expanded rapidly throughout BritainExpanded rapidly throughout Britain Cheaper transportation increased Cheaper transportation increased

production and profitsproduction and profits Railways fueled other industries: coal, Railways fueled other industries: coal,

steam engines, iron, steel, and many steam engines, iron, steel, and many manufactured products.manufactured products.

Steam EngineSteam EnginePlease open your book to page 395 and look at the map showing the Industrial Revolution: England 1850-1870

Why Why BritainBritain led the Industrial led the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

1.1. GeographyGeography Climate good for textile productionClimate good for textile production.. Plenty of Plenty of natural resources such as iron and coalnatural resources such as iron and coal.. Separation from the European continent kept them out of wars.Separation from the European continent kept them out of wars.

2.2. GovernmentGovernment internal trade encouraged internal trade encouraged Population allowed to relocatePopulation allowed to relocate Helped build canals and roadHelped build canals and road

3.3. Social FactorsSocial Factors British society less rigid than other European countriesBritish society less rigid than other European countries

4.4. Colonial EmpireColonial Empire Supplied raw materialSupplied raw material for manufactured goods for manufactured goods Provided market for goodsProvided market for goods

5.5. Advantages of Industrializing FirstAdvantages of Industrializing First No other countries competing for manufactured goodsNo other countries competing for manufactured goods Monopoly on technologyMonopoly on technology

Closure:Closure: Think about writing an essay on why the Think about writing an essay on why the

Industrial Revolution was able to start in Industrial Revolution was able to start in Great BritainGreat Britain…..another day. …..another day.

Read 12.2 and finish your notesRead 12.2 and finish your notes

Please read Ch. 12.2 and complete Please read Ch. 12.2 and complete the terms and People of IRthe terms and People of IR

People:People: Eli WhitneyEli Whitney James WattJames Watt Robert FultonRobert Fulton Frederick TaylorFrederick Taylor Henry FordHenry Ford Samuel MorseSamuel Morse Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell Thomas EdisonThomas Edison Rudolf DieselRudolf Diesel Wilbur and Orville WrightWilbur and Orville Wright

Vocabulary:Vocabulary:• Domestic systemDomestic system• Enclosure movementEnclosure movement• CapitalCapital• EntrepreneurEntrepreneur• Factory systemFactory system• Industrial capitalismIndustrial capitalism• Interchangeable partsInterchangeable parts• Division of laborDivision of labor• PartnershipPartnership• CorporationCorporation• DepressionDepression• Labor union-tacticsLabor union-tactics• Collective bargainingCollective bargaining