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POWER SYSTEM OPERATION

A FRESH PERSPECTIVE

Power Grid Corporation of India LimitedNew Delhi, India

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SYSTEM EVOLUTIONSYSTEM EVOLUTION LIKE ALL MAJOR POWER SYSTEMS, THE LIKE ALL MAJOR POWER SYSTEMS, THE

INDIAN POWER SYSTEM EVOLVED BY INDIAN POWER SYSTEM EVOLVED BY INTEGRATING SMALL ISOLATED SYSTEMSINTEGRATING SMALL ISOLATED SYSTEMS

PRESENTLY, THREE MAJOR GRIDS ARE IN PRESENTLY, THREE MAJOR GRIDS ARE IN OPERATION – CONNECTED OPERATION – CONNECTED ASYNCHRONOUSLY – MEETING A DEMAND ASYNCHRONOUSLY – MEETING A DEMAND OF OVER 85000 MWOF OVER 85000 MW

OUR TARGET – A NATIONAL GRID BY 2010OUR TARGET – A NATIONAL GRID BY 2010

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LOOKING BACKLOOKING BACKWHAT WAS WRONGWHAT WAS WRONG

FREQUENT GRID DISTURBANCES / FREQUENT GRID DISTURBANCES / BLACKOUTSBLACKOUTS

WIDE FREQUENCY/VOLTAGE EXCURSIONSWIDE FREQUENCY/VOLTAGE EXCURSIONS TRANSMISSION BOTTLENECKSTRANSMISSION BOTTLENECKS SUB-OPTIMAL OPERATIONSUB-OPTIMAL OPERATION STRESSED EQUIPMENTS AND OPERATORSSTRESSED EQUIPMENTS AND OPERATORS

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LOOKING BACKLOOKING BACKWHAT WENT RIGHTWHAT WENT RIGHT

POWERGRID DECLARED POWERGRID DECLARED CTUCTU (CENTRAL TRANSMISSION UTILITY).(CENTRAL TRANSMISSION UTILITY).

VESTED WITH TASK OF SYSTEM VESTED WITH TASK OF SYSTEM OPERATION.OPERATION.

LOAD DISPATCH CENTRES GIVEN ‘LOAD DISPATCH CENTRES GIVEN ‘APEXAPEX’ ’ STATUS.STATUS.

SYSTEM AUGMENTATION WORKS SYSTEM AUGMENTATION WORKS STARTED WITH RIGHT EARNESTSTARTED WITH RIGHT EARNEST

A SCIENTIFIC BULK POWER TARIFF AND A SCIENTIFIC BULK POWER TARIFF AND SETTLEMENT MECHANISM PUT IN PLACESETTLEMENT MECHANISM PUT IN PLACE

A GRID CODE WAS ENFORCEDA GRID CODE WAS ENFORCED

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RELIABILITY FOCUSRELIABILITY FOCUS

RELIABLE POWER SYSTEM IS THE RELIABLE POWER SYSTEM IS THE BACKBONE OF A DEVELOPING BACKBONE OF A DEVELOPING ECONOMYECONOMY

SYNERGISE POLICIES AND SYNERGISE POLICIES AND DECISIONS TO PROMOTE DECISIONS TO PROMOTE RELIABILITYRELIABILITY

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STRATEGIES FOR STRATEGIES FOR RELIABILITYRELIABILITY

ROBUST TRANSMISSION PLANNING ROBUST TRANSMISSION PLANNING AND INVESTMENT FRAMEWORKAND INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK

SYSTEM AUGMENTED EXCLUSIVELY SYSTEM AUGMENTED EXCLUSIVELY FOR RELIABILITY AND STABILITYFOR RELIABILITY AND STABILITY

AGGRESSIVE CONSTRUCTION AGGRESSIVE CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULESSCHEDULES

SCHEDULING AND SETTLEMENT SCHEDULING AND SETTLEMENT MECHANISM COMPLEMENTS GRID MECHANISM COMPLEMENTS GRID SECURITY.SECURITY.

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STRATEGIES FOR STRATEGIES FOR RELIABILITYRELIABILITY

GRID CONTROL CENTERS GRID CONTROL CENTERS MANNED BY SPECIALISED MANNED BY SPECIALISED SENIOR PERSONNELSENIOR PERSONNEL TRAINED IN ALL ASPECTS TRAINED IN ALL ASPECTS

(TECHNICAL , MANAGEMENT AND (TECHNICAL , MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS)COMMUNICATION SKILLS)

EMPOWERED FOR EXIGENCIESEMPOWERED FOR EXIGENCIES LOOSE POWER POOL LOOSE POWER POOL

PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY FLEXIBILITY IN OPERATIONFLEXIBILITY IN OPERATION

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OPERATING IN OPERATING IN THE REAL TIMETHE REAL TIME

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REAL TIME OPERATIONREAL TIME OPERATION SIMPLE, BUT EFFECTIVE TOOLS SIMPLE, BUT EFFECTIVE TOOLS HOLISTIC APPROACH RATHER HOLISTIC APPROACH RATHER

THAN RELYING ONLY ON THAN RELYING ONLY ON ELABORATE CODIFIED ELABORATE CODIFIED PROCEDURESPROCEDURES

CO-OPERATIVE CULTURECO-OPERATIVE CULTURE

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REAL TIME OPERATIONREAL TIME OPERATION

IEGC ABT

REAL TIME OPERATION

REAL TIME OPERATION STANDS ON TWO REAL TIME OPERATION STANDS ON TWO FIRM FOOTINGSFIRM FOOTINGS IEGC – THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODEIEGC – THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE ABT – AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFFABT – AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

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INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE (IEGC)(IEGC)

SIMPLE, COMPREHENSIVE AND SIMPLE, COMPREHENSIVE AND EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE

JUST ABOUT 50 PAGESJUST ABOUT 50 PAGES DYNAMIC DOCUMENTDYNAMIC DOCUMENT ADAPTIVE TO GRID ADAPTIVE TO GRID

REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS CLARITY IN ROLES OF STAKE CLARITY IN ROLES OF STAKE

HOLDERSHOLDERS

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IEGC ENCOMPASSES…..IEGC ENCOMPASSES…..

Role of Stakeholders, statutory bodies Role of Stakeholders, statutory bodies and their Organisational linkages and their Organisational linkages

Planning Code for Inter State Planning Code for Inter State TransmissionTransmission

Connection Conditions Connection Conditions Operating Code for Regional Grids Operating Code for Regional Grids Scheduling and Despatch CodeScheduling and Despatch Code Management of Indian Electricity Grid Management of Indian Electricity Grid

Code Code

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AVAILABILITY AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFFBASED TARIFF

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AVAILABILITY BASED AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFFTARIFF

A RATIONAL TARIFF STRUCTUREA RATIONAL TARIFF STRUCTURE SCIENTIFIC SETTLEMENT SYSTEMSCIENTIFIC SETTLEMENT SYSTEM COMPLEMENTS GRID RELIABILITYCOMPLEMENTS GRID RELIABILITY ENCOURAGE THOSE WHO HELP THE ENCOURAGE THOSE WHO HELP THE

GRID AND DISCOURAGE THOSE WHO GRID AND DISCOURAGE THOSE WHO UNDERMINE RELIABILITYUNDERMINE RELIABILITY

SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVESIMPLE AND EFFECTIVEIMPLEMENTED SUCCESSFULLY IN INDIAIMPLEMENTED SUCCESSFULLY IN INDIA

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WHAT IS AVAILABILITY WHAT IS AVAILABILITY TARIFF?TARIFF?

FIXED COST FIXED COST αα PLANT AVAILABILITY. PLANT AVAILABILITY. VARIABLE COST VARIABLE COST αα SCHEDULED SCHEDULED

GENERATIONGENERATION DEVIATIONS :- UNSCHEDULED DEVIATIONS :- UNSCHEDULED

INTERCHANGE(UI), ATTRACT A FREQUENCY INTERCHANGE(UI), ATTRACT A FREQUENCY LINKED CHARGE.LINKED CHARGE.

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FREQUENCY vs UI PRICE

0

28

56

84

112

140

168

196

224

252

280

308

336

364

392

420

448

51

50.9

50.8

50.7

50.6

50.5

50.4

50.3

50.2

50.1 50

49.9

49.8

49.7

49.6

49.5

49.4

49.3

49.2

49.1 49

48.9

48.8

48.7

48.6

48.5

FREQUENCY

PAIS

E/UN

IT

49 HZ

50.5 HZ

49.5 HZ

50 HZ

49.5 HZ CORRESPONDS TO RS.2.80

UI PRICE AND UI PRICE AND FREQUENCYFREQUENCY

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THE POWER OF UITHE POWER OF UI LINKED TO FREQUENCY – LINKED TO FREQUENCY –

COLLECTIVELY CONTROLLED , DEMOCRATICALLY STABILISEDCOLLECTIVELY CONTROLLED , DEMOCRATICALLY STABILISED KNOWN ONLINE TO ALL – TRANSPARENCYKNOWN ONLINE TO ALL – TRANSPARENCY

A ‘A ‘WIN-WINWIN-WIN’ PLATFORM’ PLATFORM SELF-HEALING PROPERTYSELF-HEALING PROPERTY SIMPLE – SIMPLE – NO ELABORATE CALCULATION REQUIREDNO ELABORATE CALCULATION REQUIRED

NO FEAR OF PRICE RIGGINGNO FEAR OF PRICE RIGGING NO NEED FOR NEGOTIATINGNO NEED FOR NEGOTIATING PROMOTES DISCIPLINEPROMOTES DISCIPLINE STRONG NASH EQUILIBRIUMSTRONG NASH EQUILIBRIUM DOVETAILS WITH THE LOOSE POWER DOVETAILS WITH THE LOOSE POWER

POOL PHILOSOPHYPOOL PHILOSOPHY PLATFORM FOR A PLATFORM FOR A POWER MARKETPOWER MARKET

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THE POWER OF UITHE POWER OF UI

UI VECTOR SENDS THE SIGNALS UI VECTOR SENDS THE SIGNALS FORFOR OPTIMISATION IN THE CONTROL AREAOPTIMISATION IN THE CONTROL AREA REALISTIC LOAD-GENERATION REALISTIC LOAD-GENERATION

PLANNINGPLANNING TRADE , BILATERALS AND CONTRACTSTRADE , BILATERALS AND CONTRACTS

INDIAN EQUIVALENT OF THE SPOT AND INDIAN EQUIVALENT OF THE SPOT AND BALANCING MARKETBALANCING MARKET

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POWER SYSTEM POWER SYSTEM RESTORATIONRESTORATION

PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY

AND AND

STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

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……IF SOMETHING CAN GO WRONG, IT IF SOMETHING CAN GO WRONG, IT WILL!WILL!

MEN EQUIPMENT

PROCEDURE

PREPAREDNESS OF THE THREE VITAL PREPAREDNESS OF THE THREE VITAL ELEMENTS ARE THE KEY FOR ELEMENTS ARE THE KEY FOR SUCCESSFUL RESTORATIONSUCCESSFUL RESTORATION

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RESTORATION RESTORATION PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY

EMPOWEREMENT OF SYSTEM OPERATORSEMPOWEREMENT OF SYSTEM OPERATORS SYNERGISTIC CONFLUENCE OF SYNERGISTIC CONFLUENCE OF

PROCEDURES AND OPERATOR JUDGEMENTPROCEDURES AND OPERATOR JUDGEMENT PERIODIC REVIEWPERIODIC REVIEW MOCK DRILLSMOCK DRILLS ‘‘COMMANDO’ FORCECOMMANDO’ FORCE RIGHT PERSON AT THE RIGHT PLACERIGHT PERSON AT THE RIGHT PLACE HOLISTIC APPROACHHOLISTIC APPROACH

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PITFALLS TO AVOIDPITFALLS TO AVOID

FOCUS ON FOCUS ON PROCESSPROCESS RATHER THAN RATHER THAN THE THE GOALGOAL

PERVASIVE AUTOMATIONPERVASIVE AUTOMATION COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS

OVER-RIDING RELIABILITY ISSUESOVER-RIDING RELIABILITY ISSUES TIGHT CONTROL OF PARAMETERSTIGHT CONTROL OF PARAMETERS COMPLEX CONTROL HIERARCHYCOMPLEX CONTROL HIERARCHY

EVERYONE IS CONNECTED – EVERYONE IS CONNECTED – …………………..NO ONE IS IN …………………..NO ONE IS IN

CONTROLCONTROL

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