SS4H2 The student will describe European exploration in North

America.

a.Describe the reasons for, obstacles to, and accomplishments of the Spanish, French, and English explorations of

John Cabot, Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Juan Ponce de León, Christopher Columbus, Henry Hudson, and Jacques Cartier.

b. Describe examples of cooperation and conflict between Europeans and Native Americans.

Age of Exploration

Chapter 3

Lesson 1

Pages 84-87

Before 1500, most Europeans, Asians, and Africans did not know

the Americas existed.

Travelers to distant places were often merchants.What is a merchant?

A. A person who travels looking for gold

B. A person who buys and sells goods

C. A person who builds ships

A merchant is person who buys and sells goods.

Marco Polo, a merchant from Italy, traveled to China.

He wrote of his travels, telling of the gold and riches he saw in the Emperor’s palace.

Marco Polo’s stories encouraged others to travel to China and they returned with silk, spices, and other

goods.

Merchants became rich by bringing goods from Asia to Europe on the Silk Road.

ChinaItaly

The Silk Road was not one road, but several trade routes connecting China

to Europe.

Time to combine

Social Studies and

Math

Lesson 2

Pages 90-93

The RenaissanceRenaissance

means rebirth.

Europeans became more interested in learning and knowledge.

Technology – the use of scientific knowledge to do things better and more

rapidly.

Imagine if every book in the library – in

EVERY library – was written by hand.

How many books do you think we would

have?

Without books,

how would people learn?

In 1454, Johannes Gutenberg developed the printing press. The press made it possible to print many copies of a page of

type quickly.

What changes do you

think this caused?

The printing press allowed books and ideas to spread

across Europe.

New technology also helped European exploration by making navigation easier and more accurate.

Navigation is the science of planning and controlling the direction of a ship.

Europeans learned about a navigation tool called

the astrolabe from North Africans.

An astrolabe is a tool that measured the height of the sun or a star above the horizon.

Using an astrolabe sailors could tell how far north or south of home they were.

European sailors also learned about the compass from North Africans.

A Chinese invention that helped sailors was gunpowder. Gunpowder was used in guns and cannons. How would this help sailors?

Gunpowder enabled sailors to defend their ship and protect themselves.

A sea route to Asia was much

longer than the Silk Road ,

but the sea trip was faster.

Portugal was the first

European country to find

a sea route.

Bartolomeu Dias was to search for a legendary Christian priest and African king -- and challenge the Muslim dominance of trade with Asia.

By 1488 Dias had unknowingly rounded the African continent in a storm and made landfall at what is now Mossel Bay.

On his return voyage he discovered what he called the Cape of Storms, later re-named the Cape of Good Hope.

Although he did not find any sign of an African Christian,Bartolomeu Dias’s voyage established a sea route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean and Asia.

Vasco da Gama finished what Dias had started.

When he got to India, his final destination, he bought spices and silk cloth.

When he got back to Portugal, those things were proof that there were great treasures in India.

Da Gama sailed around the Cape of Africa and

proved it was possible to

reach Africa’s east

coast.

Now it’s your turn to explore and record your

findings with paper and

pencil.

Lesson 3

Pages 96-101

In 1492, _______________sailed the ocean blue.

In 1492, Christopher Columbus

sailed the ocean blue.

Christopher Columbus went to King Henry VIII of England and John II of Portugal to ask for money for his trip. They both told him “no.”

He then asked Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain to sponsor a Voyage.

After three times of saying no to him, she finally agreed because Columbus was always talking about how wealthy Spain would become.

Columbus' idea was to sail west from Europe to Asia to get spices and gold.

The King and Queen also wanted to teach others about their religion, Roman Catholicism.

Columbus had expected the voyage to take four weeks, but that deadline came and went without sighting land. The crews of his ships became restless and some argued that a return to Spain was in order.

On October 10, Columbus struck a deal with his men: if no land was found in the next three days, they would turn back for Spain.

Christopher Columbus departed on his first voyage from southern Spain, on August 3, 1492, in command of three ships: the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.

Upon reaching the land, Columbus fell to his knees, thanked God for a safe voyage and planted a flag in the ground, claiming the land for Spain - as the Tainos who had lived there for 1,000 years watched from behind trees and bushes.

At two hours past midnight on October 12, land was sighted by Rodrigo de Triana (also known as Juan Rodriguez), a sailor aboard the Pinta.

Columbus went ashore the next morning at an island he called San Salvador

The Taino had never before seen white men, clothed people, people with beards or ships like that - they thought these people must be from heaven.

So the Taino came out to greet them, as was their custom, and brought the travelers - who surely must have been tired and hungry - food, drink and gifts.

He thought it was close to India.

He called the peaceful Taíno people who lived there Indians.

The Spanish rulers wanted Columbus to start a settlement and look for gold.

The Columbian Exchange

horses, cows, pigs, wheat, barley, and sugar

cane

The Spanish also carried new diseases.

.

potatoes, corn, beans,

peanuts, and cacao

This movement of plants and animals between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas is called the Columbian Exchange.

Columbus brings to “The New World”

Columbus takes back

to Spain

Results of The Columbian Exchange

Spain The Tainos

The new settlement

destroyed many plants and animals.

Potatoes became an important food

in Europe.

Most of the Taíno died from

the new diseases the Europeans brought.

Europeans cut down the rain forests to build

sugar plantations.

Columbus returned to Spain with maize (corn), peanuts, tomatoes, cacao

(chocolate), peppers, beans, and squash.

Amerigo Vespucci – An Italian explorer who made several voyages to South America and the Caribbean.

He was the first person to realize that he and Columbus had not reached Asia but a continent unknown to Europeans.

The Americas are named for this explorer.

Vasco Nunez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer who sailed to sailed to Panama and crossed he mountains and jungles. He was the first to reach the Pacific Ocean.

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portugal soldier and sailor who was the first person to circumnavigate the world.

Circumnavigate is to sail completely around something.

Magellan sailed his ships into the Pacific Ocean in 1520 and named it Pacific (which means “peaceful”)

because it looked calm.

A good explorer takes good notes and records what he or she learns.

Let’s see what you learned.