SS8H5: Student will explain significant factors that affected the development of Georgia as part of

the growth of the United States between 1789 and 1840.

a. Explain the establishment of the University of Georgia, Louisville, and the spread of the Baptists and Methodist churches.

b. Evaluate the impact of the land policies pursued by Georgia; include the headright system, land lotteries, and the Yazoo Land Fraud.

Georgia State Constitution: 1789 Resembled new US Constitution

Called for a bicameral legislature and three branches of government: executive, judicial, and legislative

Included plans for local governments Responsible for keeping records and establishing a system of law County seat was the center of local government: courthouse and jail located

there Counties had to be small enough so that citizens could make it back home

in one day As counties grew, they were divided into 2 seats

Amendments Changed the way of electing governor: both houses would elect Legislature would meet in January Louisville (present-day Jefferson County) would be the new state capital

Post-Revolutionary GeorgiaPost-Revolutionary Georgia

EducationEducation Slow growth; many not schooledSlow growth; many not schooled Governor Lyman Hall recommended state set aside land for schools; few builtGovernor Lyman Hall recommended state set aside land for schools; few built 17841784: set aside land and named trustees for a state college: set aside land and named trustees for a state college

Land Grant UniversityLand Grant University: federal government gave land: federal government gave land 17851785: : University of Georgia (Oldest school of its kind)University of Georgia (Oldest school of its kind)

First Building: Franklin CollegeFirst Building: Franklin College 17861786: Georgia Legislature required all counties to open schools: Georgia Legislature required all counties to open schools Wealthy could afford collegesWealthy could afford colleges Females not admitted to UGA until 1918Females not admitted to UGA until 1918

The building of the University of GeorgiaThe building of the University of Georgia

Creating a Capital City For much of Georgia’s early history, the capital

rotated between Savannah and Augusta Savannah became difficult to get to for citizens who

moved inland Augusta was too far east 1786: legislature appointed a commission to find a site

for the new, centrally located capital Funds to purchase 1000 acres of land—city was to be

modeled after then-US capital of Philadelphia Legislature required that the new location be 20 miles

from an Indian trading post on the Ogeechee River (present-day Jefferson County)

Insisted the new capital be called “Louisville” to honor King Louis XVI of France (helped in the Rev. War)

1796: New Capital in Louisville finished; served as capital for 10 years

February 21, 1796: Holy Fire From Heaven (Yazoo land sales records burned in front of the capital steps)

1804: With western expansion, legislature voted to build a new capital in Baldwin County (Milledgeville)

Post-Revolutionary GeorgiaPost-Revolutionary Georgia

ReligionReligion Churches grew in size and importanceChurches grew in size and importance Anglican, Quakers, Baptists, Methodists…Anglican, Quakers, Baptists, Methodists… 17871787: Springfield Baptist founded by free blacks: Springfield Baptist founded by free blacks 1788: First African Baptist Church in Savannah est. by 1788: First African Baptist Church in Savannah est. by

Andrew BryanAndrew Bryan Jewish synagogue established in SavannahJewish synagogue established in Savannah 17961796: 1: 1stst Catholic church in Wilkes County Catholic church in Wilkes County

18011801: Savannah: Savannah Sunday and weekday servicesSunday and weekday services

Buildings used as town meetingsBuildings used as town meetings

Post-Revolutionary Georgia: Religion Great Revival Movement

Early 1800’s: popular religious revivals in the form of camp meetings, very popular in the South

Popular among Methodists Mid 1800’s: Church membership grew

By 1860, 2393 churches in the state Methodist and Baptist largest denominations Slaves generally attended church with their masters, so there was little

segregation in churches Impact of Slavery

Methodists in the South pulled out of their national organization over slavery and formed the Methodist Episcopal Church

Baptists in the South left the American Baptist Union when its foreign ministry board would not accept slave owners as missionaries (formed the Southern Baptist Convention)

Yazoo Land FraudYazoo Land Fraud A scam by the Georgia Legislature and Governor George Matthews in which 4 land companiesA scam by the Georgia Legislature and Governor George Matthews in which 4 land companies

BRIBED BRIBED them to sell land at a reduced rate (1795)them to sell land at a reduced rate (1795) Citizens were upset as the companies turned around to sell the land back to them at much higher pricesCitizens were upset as the companies turned around to sell the land back to them at much higher prices

ResultsResults People involved were thrown out of officePeople involved were thrown out of office Records burned “God save the State, and long preserve her rights and may every attempt to Records burned “God save the State, and long preserve her rights and may every attempt to

injure them perish, as these wicked and corrupt acts now do!”injure them perish, as these wicked and corrupt acts now do!” Money returned to stateMoney returned to state Indians were forced off their landIndians were forced off their land Georgia lost a large part of its land from the Trustee Period (Alabama and Mississippi Territory)Georgia lost a large part of its land from the Trustee Period (Alabama and Mississippi Territory)

Chattahoochee River becomes western boundary of GeorgiaChattahoochee River becomes western boundary of Georgia Federal Government gave Georgia money and promised to help with Indian removalFederal Government gave Georgia money and promised to help with Indian removal

TRAIL OF TEARSTRAIL OF TEARS

United States EventsUnited States Events

18031803: : Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase— Thomas Jefferson (3— Thomas Jefferson (3rdrd President) bought the Louisiana President) bought the Louisiana Territory Territory (Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains)(Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains) for $15 million from France. for $15 million from France.

France needed the money to fight the war in Europe against BritainFrance needed the money to fight the war in Europe against Britain Britain Britain impressed (took)impressed (took) American sailors and forced them into the British navy American sailors and forced them into the British navy Jefferson began an Jefferson began an embargo embargo of Britain (Ignored by merchants)of Britain (Ignored by merchants)

Stopped all trade with…Stopped all trade with… Britain was viewed worse than FranceBritain was viewed worse than France due to their control of the Atlantic, impression, and their due to their control of the Atlantic, impression, and their

alliance with the Indiansalliance with the Indians

Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello

War of 1812War of 1812

WarhawksWarhawks pushed the U.S. pushed the U.S. government to go to war with government to go to war with Great BritainGreat Britain

Southern and Western frontiersmen Southern and Western frontiersmen and land ownersand land owners

June 1812June 1812: James Madison asked : James Madison asked Congress to declare warCongress to declare war

1814: British forces invaded 1814: British forces invaded Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

Burned the Capitol and White Burned the Capitol and White HouseHouse

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent: ended the war : ended the war returned everything to the way it returned everything to the way it was before the warwas before the war

Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans: Andrew : Andrew Jackson fought and defeated British Jackson fought and defeated British forces AFTER the treaty was signedforces AFTER the treaty was signed

Battle of New Orleans

Treaty of Ghent

Battle of Horseshoe BendBattle of Horseshoe Bend

Georgia in the War of 1812Georgia in the War of 1812

March 1814March 1814: Andrew Jackson defeated a band of Upper : Andrew Jackson defeated a band of Upper Creek Indians, known as Creek Indians, known as Red SticksRed Sticks, in the Battle of , in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, on the Tallapoosa RiverHorseshoe Bend, on the Tallapoosa River

Tallapoosa River In Alabama

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent

Ghent a city in BelgiumGhent a city in Belgium1.1. United States received United States received

NO new territoryNO new territory2.2. Proved to the rest of the Proved to the rest of the

world that the U.S. was world that the U.S. was willing to fight for it’s willing to fight for it’s continued independencecontinued independence

3.3. States began to feel States began to feel united as one nationunited as one nation

4.4. Economy changedEconomy changed Industry grewIndustry grew

Land and Westward MovementLand and Westward Movement

With the defeat of the British and their Indian allies, came the desire With the defeat of the British and their Indian allies, came the desire of the U.S. and its citizens to move west.of the U.S. and its citizens to move west. WestWest is central/western present day Georgia and the Alabama/Mississippi is central/western present day Georgia and the Alabama/Mississippi

territory.territory.

Public Domain LandsPublic Domain Lands: belonging to state or federal government: belonging to state or federal government

Headright SystemHeadright System: each white male counted as a ‘head’ and could : each white male counted as a ‘head’ and could receive up to 1000 acresreceive up to 1000 acres Land east of the Oconee River belonging originally to IndiansLand east of the Oconee River belonging originally to Indians Largely replaced by a land lottery in 1803Largely replaced by a land lottery in 1803

Land LotteryLand Lottery: for a fee, white males over 21 could buy a chance to : for a fee, white males over 21 could buy a chance to win landwin land Heads of households with children, war veterans, and widows were given Heads of households with children, war veterans, and widows were given

extra chancesextra chances