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\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1.1}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Latar Belakang}\b0 \par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Beban pada instalasi tenaga yang ber}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {upa motor induksi tiga fase banyak}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {digunakan di berbagai industri moderen saat ini, khususnya sebagai penggerak}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {peralatan-peralatan yang bekerja unt}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uk kelangsungan proses produksi, seperti}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pompa dan conveyor belt (ban pembawa ba}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rang-barang). Hal tersebut disebabkan}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oleh faktor-faktor keuntungan yang dimiliki oleh motor induksi tiga fase, yaitu }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {konstruksinya yang sederhana dan kuat, }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mudah dalam perawatan dan harganya}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lebih murah dibandingkan dengan motor-mot}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {or listrik jenis lain yang memiliki}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {daya dan kecepatan yang sama. Dalam pe}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mberian suplai listrik untuk motor-motor}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {induksi tiga fase dari suat}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {u sistem pada busbar haruslah diperhatikan nilai}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tegangan jatuh yang akan terjadi pada seti}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap motor, karena nilai tegangan jatuh}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang melebihi nilai toleransinya akan }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menghasilkan arus yang besar baik pada}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {saat starting maupun kondisi normal yang ak}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {an menimbulkan masalah baik pada}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {motor maupun pada peralatan lainnya }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {seperti kabel motor, lampu-lampu}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penerangan yang terhubung dengan motor da}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n juga transformator yang menyuplai }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {motor tersebut.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dalam hal ini faktor penghantar memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tegangan jatuh yang akan dihasilkan pada}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { motor induksi tiga fase terutama pada}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {saat starting, yaitu semakin panjang ja}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rak penghantar untuk suplai motor induksi}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tiga fase maka akan semakin besar resi}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stansinya, sehingga akan menghasilkan}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tegangan jatuh yang semakin besar pula.}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Oleh karena it}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {u, faktor panjang}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penghantar harus diperhatikan dalam }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pemasangan beban yang berupa motor }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {induksi tiga fase untuk mencegah terjad}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inya tegangan jatuh diatas nilai}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toleransinya, baik pada saat}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { starting maupun kondisi normal.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Didalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan instal}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asi listrik terdapat pedoman yang}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {digunakan sebagai ketentuan ataupun pe}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rsyaratan yang akan membantu dan}\par\pard\li5506\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5506\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 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\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sekaligus sebagai acuan dalam pemasanga}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n instalasi listrik tersebut. Pedoman}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tersebut adalah PUIL (Persyaratan Umum}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Instalasi Listrik) yang telah mengalami }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penyempurnaan atau revisi sebanyak 3 }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kali. Pada setiap pemasangan instalasi}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {listrik baik instalai penerangan ata}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {upun instalasi tenaga}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { PUIL merupakan}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pedoman dan acuan yang penting dala}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m hal penentuan penghantar, pengaman,}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {maupun tentang tata cara pelaksanaan pemasangan peralatan-peralatan listrik yang}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bekerja. Sebagai salah satu contoh adal}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ah dalam penentuan luas penampang kabel}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang akan digunakan untuk suplai motor li}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {strik tunggal dari sumber (panel) yang}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ditentukan berdasarkan nilai KHA (Kemam}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puan Hantar Arus) yang tidak boleh}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kurang dari 125% arus pengenal beban penuh dari motor tersebut (PUIL 2000}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5.5.3.1 halaman 180). Dan besarnya nilai KHA }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pada penghantar sirkit akhir untuk}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {motor-motor listrik tidaklah sama tergantung pada besarnya nilai In (arus }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nominal) yang dimiliki oleh setiap motor.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pada PUIL 2000 halaman 304 tabel }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7.3-5a tentang KHA terus menerus}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {untuk kabel tanah berinti tunggal, berp}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {enghantar tembaga, berisolasi dan}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {berselubung PVC, dipasang pada sistem a.s. dengan tegangan kerja maksimum }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1,8 kV; serta untuk kabel tanah berin}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ti dua, tiga dan empat berpenghantar}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tembaga, berisolasi dan berselubung PVC yang dipasang pada sistem a.b. fase tiga}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dengan tegangan pengenal 0,6/1 kV (1,2 kV), pada suhu keliling 30C, yang salah}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {satu fungsinya digunakan untuk menentukan luas penampang kabel penghantar}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dari suplai ke beban yang berupa motor i}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nduksi tiga fase, pada }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tabel terse}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {but tidak}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terdapat besarnya jarak penghantar }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {maksimum, yaitu panjang maksimum }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penghantar yang diperbolehkan pada seti}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap luas penampang dan besar KHAnya. }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Karena faktor panjang penghantar akan}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { mempengaruhi nilai tegangan jatuh}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terutama pada saat star}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ting motor induksi tiga fase.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Oleh karena itu, akan dilakukan pe}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rhitungan terhadap jarak penghantar}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {maksimum pada tabel 7.3-5a PUIL 2000 halaman 304 tersebut pa}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {da setiap luas}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penampang dan KHAnya, sehingga pada sa}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {at penentuan luas penampang kabel}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang akan digunakan sebagai penghantar dari sumber ke beban yang berupa motor}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 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\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1.2 Perumusan Masalah}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Berdasarkan latar belakang yang diurai}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kan diatas maka dapat dirumuskan}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {permasalahannya sebagai berikut :}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bagaimana besar jarak penghantar maksimum pada luas penampang}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dan KHA yang telah ditentukan pada tabel 7.3-5a PUIL 2000 halaman}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {304.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bagaimana 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{4}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adapun tujuan dari penyusunan laporan }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {akhir ini adalah sebagai berikut : }\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Untuk menentukan besar jarak pe}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nghantar maksimum pada luas}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penampang dan KHA yang telah dite}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntukan pada tabel 7.3-5a PUIL}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2000 halaman 304.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Untuk mengetahui hal-hal yang me}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpengaruhi tegangan jatuh pada}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {motor listrik terutama pada saat starting.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Untuk mengetahui besar nilai toleransi tegangan jatuh pada motor }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {listrik pada saat star}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ting dan kondisi normal.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sedangkan manfaat dari penyusunan la}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poran akhir ini adalah sebagai}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {berikut : }\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dapat mengetahui hal-hal yang memp}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {engaruhi tegangan jatuh pada }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {motor listrik terutama pada saat starting.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dapat mengetahui jenis penstart mo}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tor-motor listrik yang dipakai di}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PT. PERTAMINA (Persero) RU III PLAJU secara umum.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dapat mengetahui cara perhitungan }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {persentase tegangan jatuh motor-}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {motor listrik pada saat starting.}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1. 5 Metode Penulisan}\b0 \par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dalam penyusunan laporan akhir }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ini penulis menggunakan beberapa }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {macam metode, yaitu :}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Metode Studi Literatur}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 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PERTAMINA (Persero) RU III}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PLAJU.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx2680\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Metode Diskripsi}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Yaitu metode dengan mengambil }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dan mencari data-data ataupun}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {informasi melalui internet sebagai referensi.}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1.6 Sistematika Penulisan}\b0 \par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adapun tujuan dari sistematika penulisan adalah untuk memberikan}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gambaran secara jelas dari permasalahan}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { tugas akhir dan juga merupakan garis }\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {besar pembahasan dari tiap-tiap bab. Sistematika penulisan dalam penyusunan}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {laporan akhir ini adalah sebagai berikut :}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {BAB I PENDAHULUAN}\b0 \par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pada bab ini menjelaskan latar }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {belakang masalah dari penulisan}\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {laporan akhir, tujuan dan ma}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nfaat, pembatasan masalah dan }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sistematika penulisan.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA}\b0 \par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pada bab ini berisikan tentan}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g teori-teori }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang melandasi}\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pembahasan masalah dan teori pendukung lainnya berdasarkan}\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {referensi yang berkaitan dengan judul ini.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {BAB III KEADAAN UMUM}\b0 \par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pada bab ini berisikan tenta}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ng data-data yang dibutuhkan untuk}\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {melakukan perhitungan jarak penghantar maksimum terhadap}\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {beban yang berupa motor induksi tig}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fase pada tabel 7.3-5a PUIL}\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 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